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Jan N, Bostanudin MF, Moutraji SA, Kremesh S, Kamal Z, Hanif MF. Unleashing the biomimetic targeting potential of platelet-derived nanocarriers on atherosclerosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 240:113979. [PMID: 38823339 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary mechanism underlying the development of many cardiovascular illnesses, continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Platelet (PLT), which are essential for maintaining body homeostasis, have been strongly linked to the onset of atherosclerosis at various stages due to their inherent tendency to bind to atherosclerotic lesions and show an affinity for plaques. Therefore, mimicking PLT's innate adhesive features may be necessary to effectively target plaques. PLT-derived nanocarriers have emerged as a promising biomimetic targeting strategy for treating atherosclerosis due to their numerous advantages. These advantages include excellent biocompatibility, minimal macrophage phagocytosis, prolonged circulation time, targeting capability for impaired vascular sites, and suitability as carriers for anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Herein, we discuss the role of PLT in atherogenesis and propose the design of nanocarriers based on PLT-membrane coating and PLT-derived vesicles. These nanocarriers can target multiple biological elements relevant to plaque development. The review also emphasizes the current challenges and future research directions for the effective utilization of PLT-derived nanocarriers in treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad F Bostanudin
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sedq A Moutraji
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sedra Kremesh
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zul Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; Bahawalpur College of Pharmacy, BMDC Complex Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
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2
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He R, Chen Y. The Role of Adipose Tissue-derived Exosomes in Chronic Metabolic Disorders. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:463-474. [PMID: 38900388 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Excessive fat deposition in obese subjects promotes the occurrence of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adipose tissue is not only the main form of energy storage but also an endocrine organ that not only secretes adipocytokines but also releases many extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play a role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs, and accumulating evidence indicates that adipose tissue exosomes (AT Exos) mediate crosstalk between adipose tissue and multiple organs by being transferred to targeted cells or tissues through paracrine or endocrine mechanisms. However, the roles of AT Exos in crosstalk with metabolic organs remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on the role of AT Exos in the regulation of metabolic disorders. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of AT Exos as biomarkers in metabolic diseases and their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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Marchal S, Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC. Biotherapeutic approaches against cardio-metabolic dysfunctions based on extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167095. [PMID: 38428684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Among the different pathways involved in the cell-to-cell communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as key players in the transport of different signalling molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and RNA, from the originating cells to specific target cells. The biogenesis and composition of EVs are complex and confer them a unique ability to more effectively reach tissues and cells as compared to other types of synthetic carriers. Owing to these properties, EVs have been suggested as new therapeutic tools for personalized medicine. Since cardiometabolic diseases have reached pandemic proportions, new therapies are needed to be developed. In this context, EVs appear as promising therapeutic tools against cardiometabolic disorders associated with obesity and diabetes. This review focuses on the latest research on preclinical applications of EVs for cardiometabolic diseases, and draw primarily on our experience in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Marchal
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - M Carmen Martinez
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Ijaz M, Aslam B, Hasan I, Ullah Z, Roy S, Guo B. Cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanomedicines: productive cancer theranostic tools. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:863-895. [PMID: 38230669 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
As the second-leading cause of human death, cancer has drawn attention in the area of biomedical research and therapy from all around the world. Certainly, the development of nanotechnology has made it possible for nanoparticles (NPs) to be used as a carrier for delivery systems in the treatment of tumors. This is a biomimetic approach established to craft remedial strategies comprising NPs cloaked with membrane obtained from various natural cells like blood cells, bacterial cells, cancer cells, etc. Here we conduct an in-depth exploration of cell membrane-coated NPs (CMNPs) and their extensive array of applications including drug delivery, vaccination, phototherapy, immunotherapy, MRI imaging, PET imaging, multimodal imaging, gene therapy and a combination of photothermal and chemotherapy. This review article provides a thorough summary of the most recent developments in the use of CMNPs for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It critically assesses the state of research while recognizing significant accomplishments and innovations. Additionally, it indicates ongoing problems in clinical translation and associated queries that warrant deeper research. By doing so, this study encourages creative thinking for future projects in the field of tumor therapy using CMNPs while also educating academics on the present status of CMNP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ijaz
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Hasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zia Ullah
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
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5
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Dong L, Feng M, Kuczler MD, Horie K, Kim C, Ma Z, Lombardo K, Lyons H, Amend SR, Kates M, Bivalacqua TJ, McConkey D, Xue W, Choi W, Pienta KJ. Tumour tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles reflect molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12402. [PMID: 38293707 PMCID: PMC10828726 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based molecular subtypes have implications for bladder cancer prognosis and clinical benefit from certain therapies. Whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can reflect bladder cancer molecular subtypes is unknown. We performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing for formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour tissues and sEVs separated from matched tissue explants, urine and plasma in patients with bladder cancer. sEVs were separated using size-exclusion chromatography, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nano flow cytometry and western blots, respectively. High yield of sEVs were obtained using approximately 1 g of tissue, incubated with media for 30 min. FFPE tumour tissue and tumour tissue-derived sEVs demonstrated good concordance in molecular subtype classification. All urinary sEVs were classified as luminal subtype, while all plasma sEVs were classified as Ba/Sq subtype, regardless of the molecular subtypes indicated by their matched FFPE tumour tissue. The comparison within urine sEVs, which may exclude the sample type specific background, could pick up the different biology between NMIBC and MIBC, as well as the signature genes related to molecular subtypes. Four candidate sEV-related bladder cancer-specific mRNA biomarkers, FAM71E2, OR4K5, FAM138F and KRTAP26-1, were identified by analysing matched urine sEVs, tumour tissue derived sEVs, and adjacent normal tissue derived sEVs. Compared to sEVs separated from biofluids, tissue-derived sEVs may reflect more tissue- or disease-specific biological features. Urine sEVs are promising biomarkers to be used for liquid biopsy-based molecular subtype classification, but the current algorithm needs to be modified/adjusted. Future work is needed to validate the four new bladder cancer-specific biomarkers in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of UrologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mingxiao Feng
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Morgan D. Kuczler
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kengo Horie
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of UrologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Chi‐Ju Kim
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Zehua Ma
- Department of UrologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Kara Lombardo
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Heather Lyons
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Max Kates
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- Division of UrologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David McConkey
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of UrologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Mariadoss AVA, Wang CZ. Exploring the Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDR1 and DDR2) in Bone Formation, Regeneration, and Its Associated Disease Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14895. [PMID: 37834343 PMCID: PMC10573612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase family receptor of discoidin domain receptors (DDR1 and DDR2) is known to be activated by extracellular matrix collagen catalytic binding protein receptors. They play a remarkable role in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell survival. DDR1 of the DDR family regulates matrix-metalloproteinase, which causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and reconstruction during unbalanced homeostasis. Collagenous-rich DDR1 triggers the ECM of cartilage to regenerate the cartilage tissue in osteoarthritis (OA) and temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Moreover, DDR2 is prominently present in the fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and chondrocytes. It is crucial in generating and breaking collagen vital cellular activities like proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion mechanisms. However, the deficiency of DDR1 rather than DDR2 was detrimental in cases of OA and TMDs. DDR1 stimulated the ECM cartilage and improved bone regeneration. Based on the above information, we made an effort to outline the advancement of the utmost promising DDR1 and DDR2 regulation in bone and cartilage, also summarizing their structural, biological activity, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
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7
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Wei ZYD, Liang K, Shetty AK. Complications of COVID-19 on the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms and Potential Treatment for Easing Long COVID. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1492-1510. [PMID: 37163427 PMCID: PMC10529748 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) using a spike protein and leads to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 primarily causes a respiratory infection that can lead to severe systemic inflammation. It is also common for some patients to develop significant neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the CNS likely occurs through several pathways. Once spread in the CNS, many acute symptoms emerge, and such infections could also transpire into severe neurological complications, including encephalitis or ischemic stroke. After recovery from the acute infection, a significant percentage of patients develop "long COVID," a condition in which several symptoms of COVID-19 persist for prolonged periods. This review aims to discuss acute and chronic neurological problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters the CNS and causes neuroinflammation, neuropathological changes observed in post-mortem brains of COVID-19 patients, and cognitive and mood problems in COVID-19 survivors are discussed in the initial part. The later part of the review deliberates the causes of long COVID, approaches for noninvasive tracking of neuroinflammation in long COVID patients, and the potential therapeutic strategies that could ease enduring CNS symptoms observed in long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Yao D Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ketty Liang
- Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
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8
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Bruschi M, Candiano G, Angeletti A, Lugani F, Panfoli I. Extracellular Vesicles as Source of Biomarkers in Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13894. [PMID: 37762196 PMCID: PMC10530272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a global health and healthcare burden. Glomerulonephritis (Gn), both primary and secondary, is generally characterized by an inflammatory glomerular injury and may lead to end-stage renal disease. Kidney biopsy is fundamental to the diagnosis; however, kidney biopsy presents some concerns that may partly hamper the clinical process. Therefore, more accurate diagnostic tools are needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by cells and found in bodily fluids, including urine. EVs mediate intercellular signaling both in health and disease. EVs can have both harmful and cytoprotective effects in kidney diseases, especially Gn. Previous findings reported that the specific cargo of urinary EV contains an aerobic metabolic ability that may either restore the recipient cell metabolism or cause oxidative stress production. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent proteomic findings on the role of EVs in several aspects of glomerulopathies, with a focus on this metabolic and redox potential. Future studies may elucidate how the ability of EVs to interfere with aerobic metabolism and redox status can shed light on aspects of Gn etiology which have remained elusive so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Lugani
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy
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Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC. 'Yapping' with extracellular vesicles in fatty liver metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:729-731. [PMID: 37468354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A recent study by Wang et al. has deciphered unprecedented prometastatic and immunosuppressive properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediated by hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in fatty liver, paving the way for therapeutic innovations to treat patients with CRC and liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- Physiologie et Médecine Experimentale du Coeur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Montpellier, France.
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- Physiologie et Médecine Experimentale du Coeur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Montpellier, France
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10
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Zhao X, Li Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhou H, Li F. Role of extracellular vesicles in pathogenesis and therapy of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115229. [PMID: 37506581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a complex disorder characterized by both intrinsic damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and extrinsic inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types that can transfer bioactive molecules to target cells and modulate their function. EVs have emerged as promising candidates for cell-free therapy of RIRI, owing to their ability to cross biological barriers and deliver protective signals to injured renal cells. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, focusing on their functional role in RIRI and the signaling messengers responsible for EV-mediated crosstalk between various cell types in renal tissue. We also discuss the renoprotective role of EVs and their use as therapeutic agents for RIRI, highlighting the advantages and challenges encountered in the therapeutic application of EVs in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Kadriya A, Falah M. Nanoscale Phytosomes as an Emerging Modality for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1999. [PMID: 37566078 PMCID: PMC10417745 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research has expanded substantially over the years. EVs have been identified in all living organisms and are produced and released as a means of intercellular communication or as a defense mechanism. Recently, nano-scaled vesicles were successfully isolated from edible plant sources. Plant-derived EVs, referred to here as phytosomes, are of a size reported to range between 30 nm and 120 nm in diameter, similar to small mammalian extracellular vesicles, and carry various bioactive molecules such as mRNA, proteins, miRNA and lipids. Due to the availability of many plants, phytosomes can be easily isolated on a large scale. The methods developed for EV isolation from mammalian cells have been successfully applied for isolation and purification of phytosomes. The therapeutic effects of phytosomes on different disease models, such as inflammation and autoimmune disease, have been reported, and a handful of studies have suggested their therapeutic effects on cancer diseases. Overall, the research on phytosomes is still in its infancy and requires more exploration. This review will narrate the anti-cancer activity and characteristics of phytosomes derived from edible plants as well as describe studies which have utilized phytosomes as drug delivery vehicles for cancer with the ultimate objective of significantly reducing the adverse effects associated with conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kadriya
- Medical Research Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
| | - Mizied Falah
- Medical Research Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
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12
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Garcia-Martinez I, Alen R, Pereira L, Povo-Retana A, Astudillo AM, Hitos AB, Gomez-Hurtado I, Lopez-Collazo E, Boscá L, Francés R, Lizasoain I, Moro MÁ, Balsinde J, Izquierdo M, Valverde ÁM. Saturated fatty acid-enriched small extracellular vesicles mediate a crosstalk inducing liver inflammation and hepatocyte insulin resistance. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100756. [PMID: 37360906 PMCID: PMC10285285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Lipotoxicity triggers non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression owing to the accumulation of toxic lipids in hepatocytes including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which activate pro-inflammatory pathways. We investigated the impact of hepatocyte- or circulating-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) secreted under NAFLD conditions on liver inflammation and hepatocyte insulin signalling. Methods sEV released by primary mouse hepatocytes, characterised and analysed by lipidomics, were added to mouse macrophages/Kupffer cells (KC) to monitor internalisation and inflammatory responses. Insulin signalling was analysed in hepatocytes exposed to conditioned media from sEV-loaded macrophages/KC. Mice were i.v. injected sEV to study liver inflammation and insulin signalling. Circulating sEV from mice and humans with NAFLD were used to evaluate macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk. Results Numbers of sEV released by hepatocytes increased under NAFLD conditions. Lipotoxic sEV were internalised by macrophages through the endosomal pathway and induced pro-inflammatory responses that were ameliorated by pharmacological inhibition or deletion of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). Hepatocyte insulin signalling was impaired upon treatment with conditioned media from macrophages/KC loaded with lipotoxic sEV. Both hepatocyte-released lipotoxic sEV and the recipient macrophages/KC were enriched in palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) SFAs, well-known TLR4 activators. Upon injection, lipotoxic sEV rapidly reached KC, triggering a pro-inflammatory response in the liver monitored by Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and infiltration of immune cells into the liver parenchyma. sEV-mediated liver inflammation was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition or deletion of TLR4 in myeloid cells. Macrophage inflammation and subsequent hepatocyte insulin resistance were also induced by circulating sEV from mice and humans with NAFLD. Conclusions We identified hepatocyte-derived sEV as SFA transporters targeting macrophages/KC and activating a TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory response enough to induce hepatocyte insulin resistance. Impact and Implications Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) released by the hepatocytes under non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) conditions cause liver inflammation and insulin resistance in hepatocytes via paracrine hepatocyte-macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk. We identified sEV as transporters of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and potent lipotoxic inducers of liver inflammation. TLR4 deficiency or its pharmacological inhibition ameliorated liver inflammation induced by hepatocyte-derived lipotoxic sEV. Evidence of this macrophage-hepatocyte interactome was also found in patients with NAFLD, pointing to the relevance of sEV in SFA-mediated lipotoxicity in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Garcia-Martinez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBm) Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Alen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBm) Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pereira
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBm) Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma M. Astudillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Hitos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBm) Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gomez-Hurtado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Lopez-Collazo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBm) Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Dpto. Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBm) Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBm) Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Blavier L, Nakata R, Neviani P, Sharma K, Shimada H, Benedicto A, Matei I, Lyden D, DeClerck YA. The capture of extracellular vesicles endogenously released by xenotransplanted tumours induces an inflammatory reaction in the premetastatic niche. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12326. [PMID: 37194998 PMCID: PMC10190125 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The capture of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) by cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) contributes to metastasis and notably to the formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN). However, due to the challenges associated with modelling release of small EVs in vivo, the kinetics of PMN formation in response to endogenously released TEVs have not been examined. Here, we have studied the endogenous release of TEVs in mice orthotopically implanted with metastatic human melanoma (MEL) and neuroblastoma (NB) cells releasing GFP-tagged EVs (GFTEVs) and their capture by host cells to demonstrate the active contribution of TEVs to metastasis. Human GFTEVs captured by mouse macrophages in vitro resulted in transfer of GFP vesicles and the human exosomal miR-1246. Mice orthotopically implanted with MEL or NB cells showed the presence of TEVs in the blood between 5 and 28 days after implantation. Moreover, kinetic analysis of TEV capture by resident cells relative to the arrival and outgrowth of TEV-producing tumour cells in metastatic organs demonstrated that the capture of TEVs by lung and liver cells precedes the homing of metastatic tumour cells, consistent with the critical roles of TEVs in PMN formation. Importantly, TEV capture at future sites of metastasis was associated with the transfer of miR-1246 to lung macrophages, liver macrophages, and stellate cells. This is the first demonstration that the capture of endogenously released TEVs is organotropic as demonstrated by the presence of TEV-capturing cells only in metastatic organs and their absence in non-metastatic organs. The capture of TEVs in the PMN induced dynamic changes in inflammatory gene expression which evolved to a pro-tumorigenic reaction as the niche progressed to the metastatic state. Thus, our work describes a novel approach to TEV tracking in vivo that provides additional insights into their role in the earliest stages of metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Blavier
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rie Nakata
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Neviani
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Khounish Sharma
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Departments of Pathology and PediatricsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aitor Benedicto
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and NursingUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yves A. DeClerck
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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14
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Liu J, Li W, Bian Y, Jiang X, Zhu F, Yin F, Yin L, Song X, Guo H, Liu J. Garlic-derived exosomes regulate PFKFB3 expression to relieve liver dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice via macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154679. [PMID: 36791628 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although macrophage-mediated low-grade chronic inflammation and liver dysfunction have been found to be associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty (NAFLD) and widely reported, but strategies and drugs targeting macrophages for the treatment of NAFLD are limited. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Garlic-derived exosomes (GDE) can be useful for NAFLD due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Clarify whether GDE improves liver dysfunction through macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk. METHODS GDE was isolated with PEG precipitation and ultracentrifuge. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) was determined using qRT-PCR and western blot. Crosstalk between macrophages and hepatocytes was identified through a co-culture experiment. Small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to identify the key element of GDE regulating the expression of PFKFB3 gene. RESULTS GDE regulated the expression of PFKFB3 to reduce the inflammatory response in LPS-treated differentiated THP-1 macrophages. Data from small RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis reveal that miR-396e, one of the most abundant miRNAs of GDE, is the key component to regulate PFKFB3 expression. Mechanistically, miR-396e-mediating PFKFB3 expression plays a crucial role in GDE inhibiting inflammatory response and enhancing lipid metabolism in hepatocytes via the macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk. Notably, GDE supplementation reduced the inflammatory response and improved liver dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice. CONCLUSION GDE may be useful for improving the symptoms of NAFLD via macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk and its role in PFKFB3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Weizhao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yangping Bian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Fuyun Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Li Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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15
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Neumair J, D'Ercole C, De March M, Elsner M, Seidel M, de Marco A. Macroporous Epoxy-Based Monoliths Functionalized with Anti-CD63 Nanobodies for Effective Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles in Urine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076131. [PMID: 37047104 PMCID: PMC10094263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have enormous potential for the implementation of liquid biopsy and as effective drug delivery means, but the fulfilment of these expectations requires overcoming at least two bottlenecks relative to their purification, namely the finalization of reliable and affordable protocols for: (i) EV sub-population selective isolation and (ii) the scalability of their production/isolation from complex biological fluids. In this work, we demonstrated that these objectives can be achieved by a conceptually new affinity chromatography platform composed of a macroporous epoxy monolith matrix functionalized with anti-CD63 nanobodies with afflux of samples and buffers regulated through a pump. Such a system successfully captured and released integral EVs from urine samples and showed negligible unspecific binding for circulating proteins. Additionally, size discrimination of eluted EVs was achieved by different elution approaches (competitive versus pH-dependent). The physical characteristics of monolith material and the inexpensive production of recombinant nanobodies make scaling-up the capture unit feasible and affordable. Additionally, the availability of nanobodies for further specific EV biomarkers will allow for the preparation of monolithic affinity filters selective for different EV subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Neumair
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Claudia D'Ercole
- Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, P.O. Box 301, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Matteo De March
- Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, P.O. Box 301, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Martin Elsner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Seidel
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ario de Marco
- Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, P.O. Box 301, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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16
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Ferragu M, Vergori L, Le Corre V, Bellal S, Del Carmen Martinez M, Bigot P. Effects of Large Extracellular Vesicles from Kidney Cancer Patients on the Growth and Environment of Renal Cell Carcinoma Xenografts in a Mouse Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2491-2504. [PMID: 36975533 PMCID: PMC10047252 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane-derived vesicles, also referred to as large extracellular vesicles (lEVs), are implicated in several pathophysiological situations, including cancer. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the effects of lEVs isolated from patients with renal cancer on the development of their tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of three types of lEVs on the growth and peritumoral environment of xenograft clear cell renal cell carcinoma in a mouse model. Xenograft cancer cells were derived from patients' nephrectomy specimens. Three types of lEVs were obtained from pre-nephrectomy patient blood (cEV), the supernatant of primary cancer cell culture (sEV) and from blood from individuals with no medical history of cancer (iEV). Xenograft volume was measured after nine weeks of growth. Xenografts were then removed, and the expression of CD31 and Ki67 were evaluated. We also measured the expression of MMP2 and Ca9 in the native mouse kidney. lEVs from kidney cancer patients (cEV and sEV) tend to increase the size of xenografts, a factor that is related to an increase in vascularization and tumor cell proliferation. cEV also altered organs that were distant from the xenograft. These results suggest that lEVs in cancer patients are involved in both tumor growth and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ferragu
- Urology Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Luisa Vergori
- INSERM Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Metaboliques, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Vincent Le Corre
- Urology Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Sarah Bellal
- Anatomopathological Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Maria Del Carmen Martinez
- INSERM Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Metaboliques, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Pierre Bigot
- Urology Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
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17
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Bian Y, Li W, Jiang X, Yin F, Yin L, Zhang Y, Guo H, Liu J. Garlic-derived exosomes carrying miR-396e shapes macrophage metabolic reprograming to mitigate the inflammatory response in obese adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109249. [PMID: 36496060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation originating from the adipose tissue and imbalance of lipid metabolism in the liver are the main drivers of the development of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this work, we found that garlic-derived exosomes (GDE) supplementation improved insulin resistance, altered the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) by decreasing the accumulation of macrophages in HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, we also observed that GDE regulated the expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), one of the critical glycolytic enzymes, to shape the metabolic reprograming of macrophage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mitigate the inflammatory response in adipocytes via macrophage-adipocyte cross-talk. Data from small RNA sequencing, bioinformatical analysis and the gene over-expression revealed that miR-396e, one of the most abundant miRNAs of GDE, played a critical role in promoting the metabolic reprogramming of macrophage by directly targeting PFKFB3. The findings of this study not only provide an in-depth understanding of GDE protecting against inflammation in obesity but supply evidence to study the molecular mechanisms associated with the interspecies communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Bian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Fizanne L, Villard A, Benabbou N, Recoquillon S, Soleti R, Delage E, Wertheimer M, Vidal‐Gómez X, Oullier T, Chaffron S, Martínez MC, Neunlist M, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Faeces-derived extracellular vesicles participate in the onset of barrier dysfunction leading to liver diseases. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12303. [PMID: 36708245 PMCID: PMC9883837 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from faeces (fEVs) and small circulating EVs (cEVs) in liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty diseases (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been demonstrated. fEVs and cEVs of healthy donors, NAFLD and NASH patients were isolated and characterized. The effects of EVs were evaluated in intestinal, endothelial, Kupffer and stellate cells. Non-muscular myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) deficient mice were used in vivo. Bacterial origins of fEVs were analysed by 16s rDNA gene sequencing. fEVs and small cEVs were composed of prokaryotic and eukaryotic origins. Only NASH-fEVs exerted deleterious effects. NASH-fEVs increased intestinal permeability and reduced expression of tight junction proteins that were prevented by nmMLCK inhibition, increased endothelial cell permeability and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines requiring TLR4/lipopolysaccharide pathway. NASH-fEVs and NASH-cEVs activated profibrotic and proinflammatory proteins of hepatic stellate cells. Treatment with NASH-fEVs evoked an increase in intestinal permeability in wild type but not in nmMLCK deficient mice. Bacterial origins of fEVs were different between NAFLD and NASH patients and 16 amplicon sequence variants were differentially abundant. We demonstrate that fEVs actively participate in barrier dysfunctions leading to liver injuries underscoring the role of nmMLCK and lipopolysaccharide carried by fEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Fizanne
- Laboratoire HIFIH UPRES EA 3859SFR ICAT 4208Université d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - Alexandre Villard
- Laboratoire HIFIH UPRES EA 3859SFR ICAT 4208Université d'AngersAngersFrance
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
| | - Nadia Benabbou
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
| | - Sylvain Recoquillon
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
| | - Raffaella Soleti
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
| | - Erwan Delage
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N)CNRS UMR 6004 – Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | - Mireille Wertheimer
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
| | - Xavier Vidal‐Gómez
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
- PhyMedExpUniversity of MontpellierINSERM, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Thibauld Oullier
- Université de NantesInsermTENSThe Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain DiseasesIMADNantesFrance
| | - Samuel Chaffron
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N)CNRS UMR 6004 – Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | - M. Carmen Martínez
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
- PhyMedExpUniversity of MontpellierINSERM, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de NantesInsermTENSThe Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain DiseasesIMADNantesFrance
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Laboratoire HIFIH UPRES EA 3859SFR ICAT 4208Université d'AngersAngersFrance
- Service d'Hépato‐Gastroentérologie et Oncologie DigestiveCentre Hospitalier Universitaire d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063Stress Oxydant et Pathologies MétaboliquesFaculté de SantéUniversité d'AngersUniversité Bretagne LoireAngersFrance
- PhyMedExpUniversity of MontpellierINSERM, CNRSMontpellierFrance
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19
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Wang X, Chan YS, Wong K, Yoshitake R, Sadava D, Synold TW, Frankel P, Twardowski PW, Lau C, Chen S. Mechanism-Driven and Clinically Focused Development of Botanical Foods as Multitarget Anticancer Medicine: Collective Perspectives and Insights from Preclinical Studies, IND Applications and Early-Phase Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:701. [PMID: 36765659 PMCID: PMC9913787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and mortality remain challenging because of current obstacles and limitations in cancer treatment. Continuous efforts are being made to explore complementary and alternative approaches to alleviate the suffering of cancer patients. Epidemiological and nutritional studies have indicated that consuming botanical foods is linked to a lower risk of cancer incidence and/or improved cancer prognosis after diagnosis. From these observations, a variety of preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the potential of botanical food products as anticancer medicines. Unfortunately, many investigations have been poorly designed, and encouraging preclinical results have not been translated into clinical success. Botanical products contain a wide variety of chemicals, making them more difficult to study than traditional drugs. In this review, with the consideration of the regulatory framework of the USFDA, we share our collective experiences and lessons learned from 20 years of defining anticancer foods, focusing on the critical aspects of preclinical studies that are required for an IND application, as well as the checkpoints needed for early-phase clinical trials. We recommend a developmental pipeline that is based on mechanisms and clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yin S. Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Sadava
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W. Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Przemyslaw W. Twardowski
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Clayton Lau
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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20
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Karam J, Constanzo J, Pichard A, Gros L, Chopineau J, Morille M, Pouget JP. Rapid communication: insights into the role of extracellular vesicles during Auger radioimmunotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:109-118. [PMID: 34270378 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1955999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-targeted effects, including bystander and systemic effects, play a crucial role during Auger targeted radionuclide therapy. Here, we investigated whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) produced by irradiated cells could contribute to the bystander cytotoxic effects in vitro and also to therapeutic efficacy in vivo, after their injection in tumor xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS B16F10 melanoma donor cells were exposed to radiolabeled antibodies (Auger radioimmunotherapy, RIT) for 48 h or to X-rays (donor cells). Then, donor cells were incubated with fresh medium for 2 h to prepare conditioned medium (CM) that was transferred onto recipient cells for bystander effect assessment, or used for sEVs enrichment. Resulting sEVs were incubated in vitro with recipient cells for determining bystander cytotoxicity, or injected in B16F10 melanoma tumors harbored by athymic and C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS In vitro analysis of bystander cytotoxic effects showed that CM killed about 30-40% of melanoma cells. SEVs isolated from CM contributed to this effect. Moreover, the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content was increased in sEVs isolated from CM of exposed cells compared to control (not exposed), but the difference was significant only for the X-ray condition. These results were supported by immunodetection of cytosolic dsDNA in donor cells, a phenomenon that should precede dsDNA enrichment in sEVs. However, sEVs cytotoxicity could not be detected in vivo. Indeed, in athymic and in immunocompetent mice that received four intratumoral injections of sEVs (1/day), tumor growth was not delayed compared with untreated controls. Tumor growth was slightly (not significantly) delayed in immunocompetent mice treated with sEVs from X-ray-exposed cells, and significantly with sEVs purified from CM collected after 48 h of incubation. These results highlight the need to determine the optimal conditions, including radiation absorbed dose and sEVs collection time, to obtain the strongest cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that sEVs could play a role during Auger RIT through bystander effects in vitro. No systemic effects were observed in vivo, under our experimental conditions. However, X-rays experiments showed that sEVs collection time might be influencing the nature of sEVs, a parameter that should also be investigated during Auger RIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Karam
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Constanzo
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pichard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Gros
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Chopineau
- ICGM, ENSCM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Morille
- ICGM, ENSCM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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21
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Tan W, Zhang J, Liu L, Liang M, Li J, Deng Z, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Liu C, Li Y, Xie G, Zhang J, Zou F, Chen X. Hsp90 Inhibitor STA9090 induced VPS35 related extracellular vesicle release and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101502. [PMID: 36137350 PMCID: PMC9493061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been an important therapeutic target for cancer therapy for decades. Unexpectedly, the monotherapy of N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor STA9090 related clinical trials halted in phase III, and metastases were reported in animal models with the treatment of N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors. Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) plays a vital role in endosome-derived EV (extracellular vesicle) traffic in neurodegeneration diseases, but no vps35 related EV were reported in tumors till now. Since tumor derived EVs contributes to metastasis and VPS35 is recently found to be involved in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whether N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor STA9090 induced EVs generation and the role of VPS35 in it were explored in this study. We found that N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor STA9090 upregulated Bclaf1 and VPS35 levels, increased the secretion of EVs, and STA9090-induced-EVs promoted the invasion of HepG2 cells. As the clinical data suggested that the increased Bclaf1 and VPS35 levels correlated with increased metastasis and poorer prognosis in HCC, we focused on the Bclaf1-VPS35-EVs axis to further explore the mechanism of VPS35-related metastasis. The results demonstrated that Bclaf1 facilitated the transcription of VPS35 via bZIP domain, and knockdown of Bclaf1 or VPS35 alleviated pro-metastatic capability of STA9090-induced-EVs. All the results revealed the role of Bclaf1-VPS35-EVs axis on metastasis of HCC, and VPS35 knockdown decreased Hsp90 Inhibitor STA9090 induced extracellular vesicle release and metastasis, which provided a new combination therapeutic strategy to inhibit the metastasis of HCC caused by N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor induced extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchong Tan
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfeng Liang
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyou Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Deng
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenming Zheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaotang Deng
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guantai Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Wang C, Li L, Yang C, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang Y, Lv X, Qi X, Song G. One night of sleep deprivation induces release of small extracellular vesicles into circulation and promotes platelet activation by small EVs. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5033-5043. [PMID: 36043452 PMCID: PMC9549501 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key players in intercellular communication. Few studies have focused on EV levels in subjects with sleep disorders. Here, we aimed to explore the role of acute sleep deprivation on the quantity and functionality of circulating EVs, and their tissue distribution. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the plasma of volunteers and animals undergoing one night of sleep deprivation. Arterio-venous shunt, FeCl3 thrombus test and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation assay were conducted to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro bioactivity of small EVs. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of EV proteins. The fate and distribution of circulating small EVs were determined by intravital imaging. We found that one night of sleep deprivation triggers release of small EVs into the circulation in both healthy individuals and animals. Injection of sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs into animals increased thrombus formation and weight in thrombosis models. Also, sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs promoted platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Mechanistically, sleep deprivation increased the levels of HMGB1 protein in small EVs, which play important roles in platelet activation. Furthermore, we found sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs are more readily localize in the liver. These data suggested that one night of sleep deprivation is a stress for small EV release, and small EVs released here may increase the risk of thrombosis. Further, small EVs may be implicated in long distance signalling during sleep deprivation-mediated adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyue Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China.,Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, China
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
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23
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Majood M, Rawat S, Mohanty S. Delineating the role of extracellular vesicles in cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966661. [PMID: 36059497 PMCID: PMC9439583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular messengers that aid in the formation and spread of cancer by enabling tumor-stroma communication. EVs develop from the very porous structure of late endosomes and hold information on both the intrinsic “status” of the cell and the extracellular signals absorbed by the cells from their surroundings. These EVs contain physiologically useful components, including as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, which have been found to activate important signaling pathways in tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells, aggravating tumor growth. We highlight critical cell biology mechanisms that link EVS formation to cargo sorting in cancer cells in this review.Sorting out the signals that control EVs creation, cargo, and delivery will aid our understanding of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we reviewed how cancer development and spreading behaviors are affected by coordinated communication between malignant and non-malignant cells. Herein, we studied the reciprocal exchanges via EVs in various cancer types. Further research into the pathophysiological functions of various EVs in tumor growth is likely to lead to the discovery of new biomarkers in liquid biopsy and the development of tumor-specific therapies.
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24
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Tajik T, Baghaei K, Moghadam VE, Farrokhi N, Salami SA. Extracellular vesicles of cannabis with high CBD content induce anticancer signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113209. [PMID: 35667235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the topic of interest in recent years due to their proven therapeutic properties. Intact or manipulated plant EVs have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous activities as a result of containing bioactive metabolites and other endogenous molecules. Less is known about the EV efficacy with high levels of bioactive secondary metabolites derived from medicinal or non-edible plants. Numerous data suggest the functionality of Cannabis sativa extract and its phytocannabinoids in cancer treatment. Here, two chemotypes of cannabis with different levels of D-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) were selected. EVs were isolated from each chemotype via differential ultracentrifugation. HPLC analysis was illustrative of the absence of THC in EVs derived from both plants. Therefore, two types of EVs were classified according to their CBD content into high- (H.C-EVs) and low-CBD EVs (L.C-EVs). Electron microscopy and DLS showed both cannabis-derived EVs (CDEVs) can be considered as exosome-like nanovesicles. Cytotoxicity assay showed that H.C-EVs strongly decreased the viability of two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, HepG2 and Huh-7, in a dose and time-dependent manner compared with L.C-EVs. H.C-EVs had no significant effect on HUVECs normal cell growth. The finding showed that the H.C-EVs arrested the G0/G1 phase in the cell cycle and significantly induced cell death by activating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways in both HCC cell lines. Altogether, the current study highlights that CDEVs can be an ideal natural vehicle for bioactive phytocannabinoids and a promising strategy in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Tajik
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran.
| | - Vahid Erfani Moghadam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Food, Drug, Natural Products Health Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Alireza Salami
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Industrial and Medical Cannabis Research Institute (IMCRI), Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
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25
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Borisov AV, Zakharova OA, Samarinova AA, Yunusova NV, Cheremisina OV, Kistenev YV. A Criterion of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Using Exosome Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081792. [PMID: 35892503 PMCID: PMC9394250 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the applicability of the exosome fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Differential ultra-centrifugation was used to extract exosomes from the blood plasma of 11 patients with colon polyps (CPs) and 13 patients with CRC at the T2-4, N0-3, and M0-1 stages. Analysis was performed using a two-photon FLIM device. In total, 165 and 195 FLIM images were recorded for the CP and CCR patient groups, respectively. Two classes of exosomes differentiated by autofluorescence average lifetime tm were discovered in the samples. The first class of exosomes with tm = (0.21 ± 0.06) ns was mostly found in samples from CRC patients. The second class with tm = (0.43 ± 0.19) ns was mostly found in samples from CP patients. The relative number of “CRC-associated” exosomes Nch in the FLIM dataset was shown to be very small for the CP patient group and large for the CRC patient group. This difference was statistically significant. Therefore, the suggested CRS diagnostics criterion can be as follows. If Nch > 0.5, the probability of CRC is high. If Nch < 0.3, the probability of CRC is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Borisov
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (O.A.Z.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Olga A. Zakharova
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (O.A.Z.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Alisa A. Samarinova
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (O.A.Z.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Natalia V. Yunusova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center RAS, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (N.V.Y.); (O.V.C.)
| | - Olga V. Cheremisina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center RAS, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (N.V.Y.); (O.V.C.)
| | - Yury V. Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.V.B.); (O.A.Z.); (A.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Martínez-López R, Hernáez ML, Redondo E, Calvo G, Radau S, Pardo M, Gil C, Monteoliva L. Candida albicans Hyphal Extracellular Vesicles Are Different from Yeast Ones, Carrying an Active Proteasome Complex and Showing a Different Role in Host Immune Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0069822. [PMID: 35604172 PMCID: PMC9241596 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00698-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the principal causative agent of lethal fungal infections, predominantly in immunocompromised hosts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as crucial in the interaction of microorganisms with their host. Since the yeast-to-hypha transition is an important virulence trait with great impact in invasive candidiasis (IC), we have addressed the characterization of EVs secreted by hyphal cells (HEVs) from C. albicans, comparing them to yeast EVs (YEVs). YEVs comprised a larger population of bigger EVs with mainly cell wall proteins, while HEVs were smaller, in general, and had a much higher protein diversity. YEVs were able to rescue the sensitivity of a cell wall mutant against calcofluor white, presumably due to the larger amount of cell wall proteins they contained. On the other hand, HEVs also contained many cytoplasmic proteins related to protein metabolism and intracellular protein transport and the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway related to exosome biogenesis, pointing to an intracellular origin of HEVs. Interestingly, an active 20S proteasome complex was secreted exclusively in HEVs. Moreover, HEVs contained a greater number of virulence-related proteins. As for their immunogenic role, both types of EV presented immune reactivity with human sera from patients suffering invasive candidiasis; however, under our conditions, only HEVs showed a cytotoxic effect on human macrophages and could elicit the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by these macrophages. IMPORTANCE This first analysis of HEVs of C. albicans has shown clear differences between them and the YEVs of C. albicans, showing their relevance and possible use in the discovery of new diagnostic markers and treatment targets against C. albicans infections. The data obtained point to different mechanisms of biogenesis of YEVs and HEVs, as well as different involvements in cell biology and host interaction. YEVs played a more relevant role in cell wall maintenance, while HEVs were more closely related to virulence, as they had greater effects on human immune cells. Importantly, an active 20S proteosome complex was described as a fungal-EV cargo. A deeper study of its role and those of many other proteins exclusively detected in HEVs and involved in different relevant biological processes of this fungus could open up interesting new areas of research in the battle against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Redondo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Calvo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonja Radau
- Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Dreieich, Germany
| | - Mercedes Pardo
- Functional Proteomics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Concha Gil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Monteoliva
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Buonanno M, Gonon G, Pandey BN, Azzam EI. The intercellular communications mediating radiation-induced bystander effects and their relevance to environmental, occupational, and therapeutic exposures. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:964-982. [PMID: 35559659 PMCID: PMC9809126 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2078006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The assumption that traversal of the cell nucleus by ionizing radiation is a prerequisite to induce genetic damage, or other important biological responses, has been challenged by studies showing that oxidative alterations extend beyond the irradiated cells and occur also in neighboring bystander cells. Cells and tissues outside the radiation field experience significant biochemical and phenotypic changes that are often similar to those observed in the irradiated cells and tissues. With relevance to the assessment of long-term health risks of occupational, environmental and clinical exposures, measurable genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic changes have been also detected in the progeny of bystander cells. How the oxidative damage spreads from the irradiated cells to their neighboring bystander cells has been under intense investigation. Following a brief summary of the trends in radiobiology leading to this paradigm shift in the field, we review key findings of bystander effects induced by low and high doses of various types of radiation that differ in their biophysical characteristics. While notable mechanistic insights continue to emerge, here the focus is on the many means of intercellular communication that mediate these effects, namely junctional channels, secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles, and immune pathways. CONCLUSIONS The insights gained by studying radiation bystander effects are leading to a basic understanding of the intercellular communications that occur under mild and severe oxidative stress in both normal and cancerous tissues. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these communications will likely contribute to reducing the uncertainty of predicting adverse health effects following exposure to low dose/low fluence ionizing radiation, guide novel interventions that mitigate adverse out-of-field effects, and contribute to better outcomes of radiotherapeutic treatments of cancer. In this review, we highlight novel routes of intercellular communication for investigation, and raise the rationale for reconsidering classification of bystander responses, abscopal effects, and expression of genomic instability as non-targeted effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Buonanno
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Géraldine Gonon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSESANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Badri N. Pandey
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Edouard I. Azzam
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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28
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Loch-Neckel G, Matos AT, Vaz AR, Brites D. Challenges in the Development of Drug Delivery Systems Based on Small Extracellular Vesicles for Therapy of Brain Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839790. [PMID: 35422699 PMCID: PMC9002061 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have ∼30–200 nm diameter size and may act as carriers of different cargoes, depending on the cell of origin or on the physiological/pathological condition. As endogenous nanovesicles, sEVs are important in intercellular communication and have many of the desirable features of an ideal drug delivery system. sEVs are naturally biocompatible, with superior targeting capability, safety profile, nanometric size, and can be loaded with both lipophilic and hydrophilic agents. Because of their biochemical and physical properties, sEVs are considered a promising strategy over other delivery vehicles in the central nervous system (CNS) since they freely cross the blood-brain barrier and they can be directed to specific nerve cells, potentiating a more precise targeting of their cargo. In addition, sEVs remain stable in the peripheral circulation, making them attractive nanocarrier systems to promote neuroregeneration. This review focuses on the recent progress in methods for manufacturing, isolating, and engineering sEVs that can be used as a therapeutic strategy to overcome neurodegeneration associated with pathologies of the CNS, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases, as well as on brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gecioni Loch-Neckel
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Matos
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Giusti I, Di Francesco M, Poppa G, Esposito L, D'Ascenzo S, Dolo V. Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Normal Human Fibroblasts to a Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Like Phenotype, Sustaining a Pro-Tumorigenic Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839880. [PMID: 35280782 PMCID: PMC8905682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment have been proven to actively participate in tumor progression; they can be “educated” by cancer cells acquiring an activated state and, as such, are identified as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); CAFs, in turn, remodel tumor stroma to be more advantageous for cancer progression by modulating several processes, including angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and drug access, presumably driving the chemoresistance. That is why they are believed to hamper the response to clinical therapeutic options. The communication between cancer cells and fibroblasts can be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), composed of both exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs). To verify the role of different subpopulations of EVs in this cross-talk, a nearly pure subpopulation of EXO-like EVs and the second one of mixed EXO- and MV-like EVs were isolated from ovarian cancer cells and administered to fibroblasts. It turned out that EVs can activate fibroblasts to a CAF-like state, supporting their proliferation, motility, invasiveness, and enzyme expression; EXO-like EV subpopulation seems to be more efficient in some of those processes, suggesting different roles for different EV subpopulations. Moreover, the secretome of these “activated” fibroblasts, composed of both soluble and EV-associated molecules, was, in turn, able to modulate the response of bystander cells (fibroblasts, tumor, and endothelial cells), supporting the idea that EVs sustain the mutual cross-talk between tumor cells and CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Francesco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Poppa
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Ascenzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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30
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Fagoonee S, Arigoni M, Manco M, Olivero M, Bizzaro F, Magagnotti C, Andolfo A, Miniscalco B, Forni M, Todeschi S, Tolosano E, Bocchietto E, Calogero R, Altruda F. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Contain Liver-Derived RNA Species as Indicators of Severe Cholestasis-Induced Early Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:480-504. [PMID: 34779230 PMCID: PMC8978575 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Biliary diseases represent around 10% of all chronic liver diseases and affect both adults and children. Currently available biochemical tests detect cholestasis but not early liver fibrosis. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a noninvasive, real-time molecular snapshot of the injured organ. We thus aimed at searching for a panel of EV-based biomarkers for cholestasis-induced early liver fibrosis using mouse models. Results: Progressive and detectable histological evidence of collagen deposition and liver fibrosis was observed from day 8 after bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice. Whole transcriptome and small RNA sequencing analyses of circulating EVs revealed differentially enriched RNA species after BDL versus sham controls. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a signature that allowed for discrimination between BDL and controls. In particular, 151 microRNAs (miRNAs) enriched in BDL-derived EVs were identified, of which 66 were conserved in humans. The liver was an important source of circulating EVs in BDL animals as evidenced by the enrichment of several hepatic mRNAs, such as Albumin and Haptoglobin. Interestingly, among experimentally validated miRNAs, miR192-5p, miR194-5p, miR22-3p, and miR29a-3p showed similar enrichment patterns also in EVs derived from 3,5-diethoxycarboncyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-treated (drug-induced severe cholestasis) but not in mice with mild phenotype or non-cholestatic liver fibrosis. Innovation: A panel of mRNAs and miRNAs contained in circulating EVs, when combined, indicates hepatic damage and fibrosis in mice and represents promising biomarkers for human severe cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Analysis of EV-based miRNAs, in combination with hepatic injury RNA markers, can detect early cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 480-504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Manco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Cinzia Magagnotti
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Forni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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31
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Satyamitra MM, DiCarlo AL, Hollingsworth BA, Winters TA, Taliaferro LP. Development of Biomarkers for Radiation Biodosimetry and Medical Countermeasures Research: Current Status, Utility, and Regulatory Pathways. Radiat Res 2021; 197:514-532. [PMID: 34879151 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00157.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are important indicators of biological processes in health or disease. For this reason, they play a critical role in advanced development of radiation biodosimetry tools and medical countermeasures (MCMs). They can aid in the assessment of radiation exposure level, extent of radiation-induced injury, and/or efficacy of an MCM. This meeting report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2020 workshop titled, "Biomarkers in Radiation Biodosimetry and Medical Countermeasures," sponsored by the Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP) at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The main goals of this meeting were to: 1. Provide an overview on biomarkers and to focus on the state of science with regards to biomarkers specific to radiation biodosimetry and MCMs; 2. Understand developmental challenges unique to the role of biomarkers in the fields of radiation biodosimetry and MCM development; and 3. Identify existing gaps and needs for translational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Brynn A Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
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32
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Monfoulet LE, Martinez MC. Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1274-1293. [PMID: 34875084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
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33
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Weber SR, Zhao Y, Ma J, Gates C, da Veiga Leprevost F, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Gardner TW, Sundstrom JM. A validated analysis pipeline for mass spectrometry-based vitreous proteomics: new insights into proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:28. [PMID: 34861815 PMCID: PMC8903510 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitreous is an accessible, information-rich biofluid that has recently been studied as a source of retinal disease-related proteins and pathways. However, the number of samples required to confidently identify perturbed pathways remains unknown. In order to confidently identify these pathways, power analysis must be performed to determine the number of samples required, and sample preparation and analysis must be rigorously defined. Methods Control (n = 27) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 23) vitreous samples were treated as biologically distinct individuals or pooled together and aliquoted into technical replicates. Quantitative mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag labeling was used to identify proteins in individual or pooled control samples to determine technical and biological variability. To determine effect size and perform power analysis, control and proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples were analyzed across four 10-plexes. Pooled samples were used to normalize the data across plexes and generate a single data matrix for downstream analysis. Results The total number of unique proteins identified was 1152 in experiment 1, 989 of which were measured in all samples. In experiment 2, 1191 proteins were identified, 727 of which were measured across all samples in all plexes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025986. Spearman correlations of protein abundance estimations revealed minimal technical (0.99–1.00) and biological (0.94–0.98) variability. Each plex contained two unique pooled samples: one for normalizing across each 10-plex, and one to internally validate the normalization algorithm. Spearman correlation of the validation pool following normalization was 0.86–0.90. Principal component analysis revealed stratification of samples by disease and not by plex. Subsequent differential expression and pathway analyses demonstrated significant activation of metabolic pathways and inhibition of neuroprotective pathways in proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples relative to controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates a feasible, rigorous, and scalable method that can be applied to future proteomic studies of vitreous and identifies previously unrecognized metabolic pathways that advance understanding of diabetic retinopathy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher Gates
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Felipe da Veiga Leprevost
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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34
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Yang J, Zou X, Jose PA, Zeng C. Extracellular vesicles: Potential impact on cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:49-100. [PMID: 34809830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received considerable attention in biological and clinical research due to their ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on their size and secretory origin, EVs are categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Increasing number of studies highlight the contribution of EVs in the regulation of a wide range of normal cellular physiological processes, including waste scavenging, cellular stress reduction, intercellular communication, immune regulation, and cellular homeostasis modulation. Altered circulating EV level, expression pattern, or content in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in diverse cardiovascular pathologies. Due to their inherent characteristics and physiological functions, EVs, in turn, have become potential candidates as therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the evolving understanding of the role of EVs in CVD, summarize the current knowledge of EV-mediated regulatory mechanisms, and highlight potential strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of CVD. We also attempt to look into the future that may advance our understanding of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CVD and provide novel insights into the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China.
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35
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Chen C, Wang J, Sun M, Li J, Wang HMD. Toward the next-generation phyto-nanomedicines: cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs) for natural product delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112416. [PMID: 34781147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are plant-derived bioactive compounds, which have been widely used for therapeutic purposes. Due to the poor water-solubility, low bioavailability and non-specific targeting characteristic, diverse classes of nanocarriers are utilized for encapsulation and delivery of bio-effective agents. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), known for exosomes or extracellular vesicles (EVs), are biological nanoparticles with multiple functions. Compared to the artificial counterpart, CDNs hold great potential in drug delivery given the higher stability, superior biocompatibility and the lager capability of encapsulating bioactive molecules. Here, we provide a bench-to-bedside review of CDNs-based nanoplatform, including the bio-origin, preparation, characterization and functionalization. Beyond that, the focus is laid on the therapeutic effect of CDNs-mediated drug delivery for natural products. The state-of-art development as well as some pre-clinical applications of using CDNs for disease treatment is also summarized. It is highly expected that the continuing development of CDNs-based delivery systems will further promote the clinical utilization and translation of phyto-nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiang Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Mengdi Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China.
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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36
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Peck KA, Ciullo A, Li L, Li C, Morris A, Marbán E, Ibrahim AG. Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by TDO2-Augmented Fibroblasts Regulate Pro-inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:733354. [PMID: 34751245 PMCID: PMC8571098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted lipid bilayer vesicles that mediate cell to cell communication and are effectors of cell therapy. Previous work has shown that canonical Wnt signaling is necessary for cell and EV therapeutic potency. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) is a target gene of canonical Wnt signaling. Augmenting TDO2 in therapeutically inert fibroblasts endows their EVs with immunomodulatory capacity including attenuating inflammatory signaling in macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis showed that macrophages treated with EVs from fibroblasts overexpressing TDO2 had blunted inflammatory response compared to control fibroblast EVs. In vivo, EVs from TDO2-overexpressing fibroblasts preserved cardiac function. Taken together, these results describe the role of a major canonical Wnt-target gene (TDO2) in driving the therapeutic potency of cells and their EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel A Peck
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Morris
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ahmed Gamal Ibrahim
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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37
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Abhange K, Makler A, Wen Y, Ramnauth N, Mao W, Asghar W, Wan Y. Small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3705-3743. [PMID: 33898874 PMCID: PMC8056276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid-bilayer enclosed vesicles in submicron size that are released from cells. A variety of molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNAs, lipids, and metabolites can be selectively encapsulated into EVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells. In tumors, through such intercellular communication, EVs can regulate initiation, growth, metastasis and invasion of tumors. Recent studies have found that EVs exhibit specific expression patterns which mimic the parental cell, providing a fingerprint for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as monitoring responses to treatment. Accordingly, various EV isolation and detection technologies have been developed for research and diagnostic purposes. Moreover, natural and engineered EVs have also been used as drug delivery nanocarriers, cancer vaccines, cell surface modulators, therapeutic agents and therapeutic targets. Overall, EVs are under intense investigation as they hold promise for pathophysiological and translational discoveries. This comprehensive review examines the latest EV research trends over the last five years, encompassing their roles in cancer pathophysiology, diagnostics and therapeutics. This review aims to examine the full spectrum of tumor-EV studies and provide a comprehensive foundation to enhance the field. The topics which are discussed and scrutinized in this review encompass isolation techniques and how these issues need to be overcome for EV-based diagnostics, EVs and their roles in cancer biology, biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring, EVs as vaccines, therapeutic targets, and EVs as drug delivery systems. We will also examine the challenges involved in EV research and promote a framework for catalyzing scientific discovery and innovation for tumor-EV-focused research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Abhange
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Amy Makler
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yi Wen
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Natasha Ramnauth
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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38
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Milbank E, Dragano NRV, González-García I, Garcia MR, Rivas-Limeres V, Perdomo L, Hilairet G, Ruiz-Pino F, Mallegol P, Morgan DA, Iglesias-Rey R, Contreras C, Vergori L, Cuñarro J, Porteiro B, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Oelkrug R, Vidal A, Roa J, Sobrino T, Villarroya F, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, García-Cáceres C, Tena-Sempere M, Mittag J, Carmen Martínez M, Rahmouni K, Andriantsitohaina R, López M. Small extracellular vesicle-mediated targeting of hypothalamic AMPKα1 corrects obesity through BAT activation. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1415-1431. [PMID: 34675439 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current pharmacological therapies for treating obesity are of limited efficacy. Genetic ablation or loss of function of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPKα1) in steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) induces feeding-independent resistance to obesity due to sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Here, we show that body weight of obese mice can be reduced by intravenous injection of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) delivering a plasmid encoding an AMPKα1 dominant negative mutant (AMPKα1-DN) targeted to VMH-SF1 neurons. The beneficial effect of SF1-AMPKα1-DN-loaded sEVs is feeding-independent and involves sympathetic nerve activation and increased UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in BAT. Our results underscore the potential of sEVs to specifically target AMPK in hypothalamic neurons and introduce a broader strategy to manipulate body weight and reduce obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Milbank
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, University of Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS-IBS, Angers, France
| | - Nathalia R V Dragano
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcos Rios Garcia
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Rivas-Limeres
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Perdomo
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, University of Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS-IBS, Angers, France
| | - Grégory Hilairet
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, University of Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS-IBS, Angers, France
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Patricia Mallegol
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, University of Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS-IBS, Angers, France
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Vergori
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, University of Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS-IBS, Angers, France
| | - Juan Cuñarro
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Porteiro
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona-Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, IBUB-IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes-Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism CBBM, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anxo Vidal
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona-Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, IBUB-IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- FiDiPro Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes-Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism CBBM, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, University of Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS-IBS, Angers, France
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
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Liu J, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Commere PH, Yang Y, Zhou F, Forterre P, Shen Y, Krupovic M. Archaeal extracellular vesicles are produced in an ESCRT-dependent manner and promote gene transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme environments. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2892-2905. [PMID: 33903726 PMCID: PMC8443754 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by cells from all three domains of life, transport various molecules and act as agents of intercellular communication in diverse environments. Here we demonstrate that EVs produced by a hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus carry not only a diverse proteome, enriched in membrane proteins, but also chromosomal and plasmid DNA, and can transfer this DNA to recipient cells. Furthermore, we show that EVs can support the heterotrophic growth of Sulfolobus in minimal medium, implicating EVs in carbon and nitrogen fluxes in extreme environments. Finally, our results indicate that, similar to eukaryotes, production of EVs in S. islandicus depends on the archaeal ESCRT machinery. We find that all components of the ESCRT apparatus are encapsidated into EVs. Using synchronized S. islandicus cultures, we show that EV production is linked to cell division and appears to be triggered by increased expression of ESCRT proteins during this cell cycle phase. Using a CRISPR-based knockdown system, we show that archaeal ESCRT-III and AAA+ ATPase Vps4 are required for EV production, whereas archaea-specific component CdvA appears to be dispensable. In particular, the active EV production appears to coincide with the expression patterns of ESCRT-III-1 and ESCRT-III-2, rather than ESCRT-III, suggesting a prime role of these proteins in EV budding. Collectively, our results suggest that ESCRT-mediated EV biogenesis has deep evolutionary roots, likely predating the divergence of eukaryotes and archaea, and that EVs play an important role in horizontal gene transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Henri Commere
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Flow Cytometry Platform, Paris, France
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Patrick Forterre
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Shen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mart Krupovic
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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40
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Upadhya D, Shetty AK. Promise of extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106499. [PMID: 31636006 PMCID: PMC7165061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells play vital roles in intercellular communication. Moreover, EVs released from stem cells have therapeutic properties. This review confers the potential of brain-derived EVs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the serum as sources of epilepsy-related biomarkers, and the promise of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs for easing status epilepticus (SE)-induced adverse changes in the brain. Extracellular vesicles shed from neurons and glia in the brain can also be found in the circulating blood as EVs cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Evaluation of neuron and/or glia-derived EVs in the blood of patients who have epilepsy could help in identifying specific biomarkers for distinct types of epilepsies. Such a liquid biopsy approach is also amenable for repeated analysis in clinical trials for comprehending treatment efficacy, disease progression, and mechanisms of therapeutic interventions. Extracellular vesicle biomarker studies in animal prototypes of epilepsy, in addition, could help in identifying specific micro ribonucleic acid (miRNAs) contributing to epileptogenesis, seizures, or cognitive dysfunction in different types of epilepsy. Furthermore, intranasal (IN) administration of MSC-derived EVs after SE has shown efficacy for restraining SE-induced neuroinflammation, aberrant neurogenesis, and cognitive dysfunction in an animal prototype. Clinical translation of EV therapy as an adjunct to antiepileptic drugs appears attractive to counteract the progression of SE-induced epileptogenic changes, as the risk for thrombosis or tumor is minimal with nanosized EVs. Also, EVs can be engineered to deliver specific miRNAs, proteins, or antiepileptic drugs to the brain since they incorporate into neurons and glia throughout the brain after IN administration. This article is part of the Special Issue "NEWroscience 2018".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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Pouget JP, Constanzo J. Revisiting the Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:692436. [PMID: 34386508 PMCID: PMC8353448 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.692436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) using alpha particle-emitting radionuclides is in the spotlight after the approval of 223RaCl2 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and the development of several alpha emitter-based radiopharmaceuticals. It is acknowledged that alpha particles are highly cytotoxic because they produce complex DNA lesions. Hence, the nucleus is considered their critical target, and many studies did not report any effect in other subcellular compartments. Moreover, their physical features, including their range in tissues (<100 μm) and their linear energy transfer (50–230 keV/μm), are well-characterized. Theoretically, TAT is indicated for very small-volume, disseminated tumors (e.g., micrometastases, circulating tumor cells). Moreover, due to their high cytotoxicity, alpha particles should be preferred to beta particles and X-rays to overcome radiation resistance. However, clinical studies showed that TAT might be efficient also in quite large tumors, and biological effects have been observed also away from irradiated cells. These distant effects are called bystander effects when occurring at short distance (<1 mm), and systemic effects when occurring at much longer distance. Systemic effects implicate the immune system. These findings showed that cells can die without receiving any radiation dose, and that a more complex and integrated view of radiobiology is required. This includes the notion that the direct, bystander and systemic responses cannot be dissociated because DNA damage is intimately linked to bystander effects and immune response. Here, we provide a brief overview of the paradigms that need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Constanzo
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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Kim KY, Shin KY, Chang KA. Brain-Derived Exosomal Proteins as Effective Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070980. [PMID: 34356604 PMCID: PMC8301985 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, which warrants the search for reliable new biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD. Brain-derived exosomal (BDE) proteins, which are extracellular nanovesicles released by all cell lineages of the central nervous system, have been focused as biomarkers for diagnosis, screening, prognosis prediction, and monitoring in AD. This review focused on the possibility of BDE proteins as AD biomarkers. The articles published prior to 26 January 2021 were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies that reported exosome biomarkers in blood samples of patients with AD. From 342 articles, 20 studies were selected for analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis of six BDE proteins and found that levels of amyloid-β42 (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.534, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.595-2.474), total-tau (SMD = 1.224, 95% CI: 0.534-1.915), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (SMD = 4.038, 95% CI: 2.312-5.764), and tau phosphorylated at serine 396 (SMD = 2.511, 95% CI: 0.795-4.227) were significantly different in patients with AD compared to those in control. Whereas, those of p-tyrosine-insulin receptor substrate-1 and heat shock protein 70 did not show significant differences. This review suggested that Aβ42, t-tau, p-T181-tau, and p-S396-tau could be effective in diagnosing AD as blood biomarkers, despite the limitation in the meta-analysis based on the availability of data. Therefore, certain BDE proteins could be used as effective biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Ki Young Shin
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.Y.S.); (K.-AC.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1737 (K.Y.S.); +82-32-899-6411 (K.-AC.)
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Neuroscience of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.Y.S.); (K.-AC.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1737 (K.Y.S.); +82-32-899-6411 (K.-AC.)
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Daiber A, Hahad O, Andreadou I, Steven S, Daub S, Münzel T. Redox-related biomarkers in human cardiovascular disease - classical footprints and beyond. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101875. [PMID: 33541847 PMCID: PMC8113038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global epidemiological studies show that chronic non-communicable diseases such as atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders represent the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular disease such as ischemic heart disease is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and the socioeconomic health costs. Clinical and epidemiological data show an association of typical oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products, 3-nitrotyrosine or oxidized DNA/RNA bases with all major cardiovascular diseases. This supports the concept that the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by various sources (NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial respiratory chain) represents a hallmark of the leading cardiovascular comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. These reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can lead to oxidative damage but also adverse redox signaling at the level of kinases, calcium handling, inflammation, epigenetic control, circadian clock and proteasomal system. The in vivo footprints of these adverse processes (redox biomarkers) are discussed in the present review with focus on their clinical relevance, whereas the details of their mechanisms of formation and technical aspects of their detection are only briefly mentioned. The major categories of redox biomarkers are summarized and explained on the basis of suitable examples. Also the potential prognostic value of redox biomarkers is critically discussed to understand what kind of information they can provide but also what they cannot achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Antonopoulos D, Tsilioni I, Tsiara S, Moustaka E, Ladias S, Perlepe G, Theoharides TC, Gourgoulianis KI, Balatsos NAA. ExoProK: A Practical Method for the Isolation of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Pleural Effusions. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4020031. [PMID: 34065021 PMCID: PMC8163155 DOI: 10.3390/mps4020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted, lipid membrane-enclosed nanoparticles without functional nucleus. EV is a general term that includes various subtypes of particles named microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes or exosomes. EVs transfer RNA, DNA and protein cargo between proximal and distant cells and tissues, thus constituting an organism-wide signal transduction network. Pathological tissues secrete EVs that differ in their cargo composition compared to their healthy counterparts. The detection of biomarkers in EVs from biological fluids may aid the diagnosis of disease and/or monitor its progression in a minimally invasive manner. Among biological fluids, pleural effusions (PEs) are integrated to clinical practice, as they accompany a wide variety of lung disorders. Due to the proximity with the pleura and the lungs, PEs are expected to be especially enriched in EVs that originate from diseased tissues. However, PEs are among the least studied biofluids regarding EV-specialized isolation methods and related biomarkers. Herein, we describe a practical EV isolation method from PEs for the screening of EV RNA biomarkers in clinical routine. It is based on a Proteinase K treatment step to digest contaminants prior to standard polyethylene-glycol precipitation. The efficiency of the method was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blot. The reliability and sensitivity of the method towards the detection of EV-enriched RNA biomarkers from multiple PEs was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Antonopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Suite J304, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (I.T.); (T.C.T.)
| | - Sophia Tsiara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eirini Moustaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Spyridon Ladias
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 411 10 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Garyfallia Perlepe
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 411 10 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Suite J304, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (I.T.); (T.C.T.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 411 10 Larissa, Greece; (S.L.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.I.G.); (N.A.A.B.)
| | - Nikolaos A. A. Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 415 00 Larissa, Greece; (D.A.); (S.T.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.I.G.); (N.A.A.B.)
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Ali S, Malloci M, Safiedeen Z, Soleti R, Vergori L, Vidal-Gómez X, Besnard C, Dubois S, Le Lay S, Boursier J, Chevrollier A, Gagnadoux F, Simard G, Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC. LPS-enriched small extracellular vesicles from metabolic syndrome patients trigger endothelial dysfunction by activation of TLR4. Metabolism 2021; 118:154727. [PMID: 33581132 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of interconnected risk factors -hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity- leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can be considered as new biomarkers of different pathologies, and they are involved in intercellular communication. Here, we hypothesize that sEVs are implicated in MetS-associated endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Circulating sEVs of non-MetS (nMetS) subjects and MetS patients were isolated from plasma and characterized. Thereafter, sEV effects on endothelial function were analyzed by measuring nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dynamic proteins on human endothelial aortic cells (HAoECs). RESULTS Circulating levels of sEVs positively correlated with anthropometric and biochemical parameters including visceral obesity, glycaemia, insulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Treatment of HAoECs with sEVs from MetS patients decreased NO production through the inhibition of the endothelial NO-synthase activity. Injection of MetS-sEVs into mice impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine. Furthermore, MetS-sEVs increased DHE and MitoSox-associated fluorescence in HAoECs, reflecting enhanced cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production which was not associated with mitochondrial biogenesis or dynamic changes. MetS patients displayed elevated circulating levels of LPS in plasma, and, at least in part, it was associated to circulating sEVs. Pharmacological inhibition and down-regulation of TLR4, as well as sEV-carried LPS neutralization, results in a substantial decrease of ROS production induced by MetS-sEVs. CONCLUSION These results evidence sEVs from MetS patients as potential new biomarkers for this syndrome, and TLR4 pathway activation by sEVs provides a link between the endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances described in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Ali
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Marine Malloci
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Luisa Vergori
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Séverine Dubois
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, France; Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, France.
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Kosanović M, Llorente A, Glamočlija S, Valdivielso JM, Bozic M. Extracellular Vesicles and Renal Fibrosis: An Odyssey toward a New Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083887. [PMID: 33918699 PMCID: PMC8069044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a complex disorder characterized by the destruction of kidney parenchyma. There is currently no cure for this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released from cells in both physiological and diseased states. Given their fundamental role in transferring biomolecules to recipient cells and their ability to cross biological barriers, EVs have been widely investigated as potential cell-free therapeutic agents. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, focusing on their functional role in renal fibrosis and signaling messengers responsible for EV-mediated crosstalk between various renal compartments. We explore recent findings regarding the renoprotective effect of EVs and their use as therapeutic agents in renal fibrosis. We also highlight advantages and future perspectives of the therapeutic applications of EVs in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sofija Glamočlija
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - José M. Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research in Lleida (IRBLleida) and RedInRen RETIC, 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research in Lleida (IRBLleida) and RedInRen RETIC, 25196 Lleida, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Bacterial and eukaryotic extracellular vesicles and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new players in the gut-liver axis? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G485-G495. [PMID: 33471632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00362.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver and intestine communicate in a bidirectional way through the biliary tract, portal vein, and other components of the gut-liver axis. The gut microbiota is one of the major contributors to the production of several proteins and bile acids. Imbalance in the gut bacterial community, called dysbiosis, participates in the development and progression of several chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is currently considered the main chronic liver disease worldwide. Dysbiosis contributes to NAFLD development and progression, notably by a greater translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the blood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a PAMP that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), induces liver inflammation, and participates in the development of fibrogenesis. LPS can be transported by bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are spherical structures produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells that transfer information to distant cells and may represent new players in NAFLD development and progression. The present review summarizes the role of eukaryotic EVs, either circulating or tissue-derived, in NAFLD features, such as liver inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Circulating EV levels are dynamic and correlate with disease stage and severity. However, scarce information is available concerning the involvement of bacterial EVs in liver disease. The present review highlights a potential role of bacterial EVs in insulin resistance and liver inflammation, although the mechanism involved has not been elucidated. In addition, because of their distinct signatures, eukaryotic and prokaryotic EVs may also represent a promising NAFLD diagnostic tool as a "liquid biopsy" in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villard
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
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Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles and metabolic syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13600. [PMID: 33319492 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Metabolic syndrome is a major health problem concerning approximately 25% of worldwide population. Metabolic syndrome regroups a cluster of five metabolic abnormalities predisposing to Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Dysbiotic gut microbiota is accompanied by an increase of both intestinal permeability and pathogen-associated molecular patterns translocation into blood circulation to induce metabolic endotoxemia responsible for the low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Among pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bacterial extracellular vesicles are gaining growing attention. The latter are produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and are vectors of communication between gut microbiota and its host The present review brings evidence to the importance of the control of the balance between the different subsets of gut microbiota in the development of metabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The ability of bacteria, including gut bacteria, to release extracellular vesicles implicated in host metabolic homeostasis is highlighted with their plethora of actions on intestinal barrier, inflammation and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Bacterial extracellular vesicles can be considered as key players in the pathophysiological of metabolic diseases and may represent an interesting strategy for specific manipulations of microbiome for promoting host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villard
- INSERM UMR1063 Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques Faculté de Santé Université d’AngersUniversité Bretagne Loire Angers France
- Hémodynamique Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH) Angers France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Hémodynamique Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH) Angers France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063 Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques Faculté de Santé Université d’AngersUniversité Bretagne Loire Angers France
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Alshehri B. Plant-derived xenomiRs and cancer: Cross-kingdom gene regulation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2408-2422. [PMID: 33911956 PMCID: PMC8071896 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) critically regulate several major intracellular and metabolic activities, including cancer evolution. Currently, increasing evidence indicates that exosome harbor and transport these miRNAs from donor cells to neighboring and distantly related recipient cells, often in a cross-species manner. Several studies have reported that plant-based miRNAs can be absorbed into the serum of humans, where they hinder the expression of human disease-related genes. Moreover, few recent studies have demonstrated the role of these xenomiRs in cancer development and progression. However, the cross-kingdom gene regulation hypothesis remains highly debatable, and many follow up studies fail to reproduce the same. There are reports that show no effect of plant-derived miRNAs on mammalian cancers. The foremost cause of this controversy remains the lack of reproducibility of the results. Here, we reassess the latest developments in the field of cross-kingdom transference of miRNAs, emphasizing on the role of the diet-based xenomiRs on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Extracellular vesicle release and uptake by the liver under normo- and hyperlipidemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7589-7604. [PMID: 34665280 PMCID: PMC8629784 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver plays a central role in elimination of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), and it also significantly contributes to EV release. However, the involvement of the different liver cell populations remains unknown. Here, we investigated EV uptake and release both in normolipemia and hyperlipidemia. C57BL/6 mice were kept on high fat diet for 20-30 weeks before circulating EV profiles were determined. In addition, control mice were intravenously injected with 99mTc-HYNIC-Duramycin labeled EVs, and an hour later, biodistribution was analyzed by SPECT/CT. In vitro, isolated liver cell types were tested for EV release and uptake with/without prior fatty acid treatment. We detected an elevated circulating EV number after the high fat diet. To clarify the differential involvement of liver cell types, we carried out in vitro experiments. We found an increased release of EVs by primary hepatocytes at concentrations of fatty acids comparable to what is characteristic for hyperlipidemia. When investigating EV biodistribution with 99mTc-labeled EVs, we detected EV accumulation primarily in the liver upon intravenous injection of mice with medium (326.3 ± 19.8 nm) and small EVs (130.5 ± 5.8 nm). In vitro, we found that medium and small EVs were preferentially taken up by Kupffer cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that in hyperlipidemia, there was a decreased EV uptake both by Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Our data suggest that hyperlipidema increases the release and reduces the uptake of EVs by liver cells. We also provide evidence for a size-dependent differential EV uptake by the different cell types of the liver. The EV radiolabeling protocol using 99mTc-Duramycin may provide a fast and simple labeling approach for SPECT/CT imaging of EVs biodistribution.
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