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Ebrahimi A, Andishmand H, Huo C, Amjadi S, Khezri S, Hamishehkar H, Mahmoudzadeh M, Kim KH. Glycomacropeptide: A comprehensive understanding of its major biological characteristics and purification methodologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13370. [PMID: 38783570 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from whey protein, consisting of 64 amino acids. It is a phenylalanine-free peptide, making it a beneficial dietary option for individuals dealing with phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of phenylalanine in the bloodstream, resulting from a deficiency of phenylalanine dehydrogenase in affected individuals. Consequently, patients with PKU require lifelong adherence to a low-phenylalanine diet, wherein a significant portion of their protein intake is typically sourced from a phenylalanine-free amino acid formula. GMP has several nutritional values, numerous bioactivity properties, and therapeutic effects in various inflammatory disorders. Despite all these features, the purification of GMP is an imperative requirement; however, there are no unique methods for achieving this goal. Traditionally, several methods have been used for GMP purification, such as thermal or acid treatment, alcoholic precipitation, ultrafiltration (UF), gel filtration, and membrane separation techniques. However, these methods have poor specificity, and the presence of large amounts of impurities can interfere with the analysis of GMP. More efficient and highly specific GMP purification methods need to be developed. In this review, we have highlighted and summarized the current research progress on the major biological features and purification methodologies associated with GMP, as well as providing an extensive overview of the recent developments in using charged UF membranes for GMP purification and the influential factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ebrahimi
- Student research committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hashem Andishmand
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Chen Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sajed Amjadi
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Khezri
- Student research committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Wang Y, Gong Y, Farid MS, Zhao C. Milk: A Natural Guardian for the Gut Barrier. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8285-8303. [PMID: 38588092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The gut barrier plays an important role in health maintenance by preventing the invasion of dietary pathogens and toxins. Disruption of the gut barrier can cause severe intestinal inflammation. As a natural source, milk is enriched with many active constituents that contribute to numerous beneficial functions, including immune regulation. These components collectively serve as a shield for the gut barrier, protecting against various threats such as biological, chemical, mechanical, and immunological threats. This comprehensive review delves into the active ingredients in milk, encompassing casein, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, the milk fat globular membrane, lactose, transforming growth factor, and glycopeptides. The primary focus is to elucidate their impact on the integrity and function of the gut barrier. Furthermore, the implications of different processing methods of dairy products on the gut barrier protection are discussed. In conclusion, this study aimed to underscore the vital role of milk and dairy products in sustaining gut barrier health, potentially contributing to broader perspectives in nutritional sciences and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | | | - Changhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Tosi M, Fiori L, Tagi VM, Gambino M, Montanari C, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Glycomacropeptide-Based Protein Substitutes for Children with Phenylketonuria in Italy: A Nutritional Comparison. Nutrients 2024; 16:956. [PMID: 38612990 PMCID: PMC11013192 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in food science technology have allowed the development of new products for the therapeutic management of inherited metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU). Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a peptide derived from casein, is naturally low in phenylalanine (Phe) and, thus, adequate for protein substitutes (PSs) for the management of PKU in children. This review aims primarily to analyse the differences in the nutritional composition of GMP-based protein substitutes in different formulations (ready to drink, powdered, and bars), and secondarily to assess the quality of these products, comparing their nutritional composition with that of standard amino acid (L-AA) mixtures. Thirty-five GMP-based PSs produced by six different companies were included in this review: twenty-one powdered PSs, eight ready to drink, and six bars. The analysis revealed great heterogeneity not only among the different formulations (powdered, ready to drink, and bars) but also within the same group, in terms of energy content and nutritional composition. GMP-based PSs were shown to have higher contents of sugars and saturated fatty acids compared to L-AA PSs, especially in ready-to-drink formulations and bars. The latter also provided the highest amounts of energy among the GMP-based products. This finding may be related to a higher risk of developing overweight and obesity. The greater palatability of these GMP-based PSs, combined with improved nutritional quality, could not only improve adherence to diet therapy but also reduce the incidence of obesity-related comorbidities in PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (L.F.); (V.M.T.); (M.G.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fiori
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (L.F.); (V.M.T.); (M.G.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Veronica Maria Tagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (L.F.); (V.M.T.); (M.G.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Gambino
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (L.F.); (V.M.T.); (M.G.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (L.F.); (V.M.T.); (M.G.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (L.F.); (V.M.T.); (M.G.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (L.F.); (V.M.T.); (M.G.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
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Zeng X, Wang Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Li X, Liu D. The functionalities and applications of whey/whey protein in fermented foods: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:769-790. [PMID: 38371680 PMCID: PMC10866834 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Whey, a major by-product of cheese production, is primarily composed of whey protein (WP). To mitigate environmental pollution, it is crucial to identify effective approaches for fully utilizing the functional components of whey or WP to produce high-value-added products. This review aims to illustrate the active substances with immunomodulatory, metabolic syndrome-regulating, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities produced by whey or WP through fermentation processes, and summarizes the application and the effects of whey or WP on nutritional properties and health promotion in fermented foods. All these findings indicate that whey or WP can serve as a preservative, a source of high-protein dietary, and a source of physiologically active substance in the production of fermented foods. Therefore, expanding the use of whey or WP in fermented foods is of great importance for converting whey into value-added products, as well as reducing whey waste and potential contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zeng
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Shuda Yang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xing Li
- Zhangye Water Saving Agricultural Experimental Station, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangye, 734000 China
| | - Diru Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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Chen Q, Lai S, Dong L, Liu Y, Pan D, Wu Z, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Ren Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Liu L. Characterization and determination of casein glycomacropeptide in dairy products by UHPLC-MS/MS based on its characteristic peptide. Food Chem 2024; 430:137049. [PMID: 37544157 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method was built to quantify the casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) in bovine dairy products accurately based on targeted proteomics. Qualitative analysis of theoretical peptides was carried out using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and protein software. Isotope-labeled characteristic peptides were acquired via the labeled amino acid condensation method to correct the matrix effects. Peptide MAIPPK was the representative characteristic peptide for distinguishing the CGMP from κ-casein through trypsin digestion. After optimizing the pre-treatment conditions, the final 8% oxidant concentration was selected and the 10% formic acid concentration with 2.5 h oxidation time. Moreover, the results of methodological verification showed that the recovery rate was 103.7%, meanwhile the precision of inter-day and intra-day was less than 5%. In conclusion, the research demonstrated the characteristic peptide MAIPPK could quantitatively applied to detect CGMP in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shiyun Lai
- Hangzhou Pupai Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lezhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yiping Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jingshun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Lingyi Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68588 NE, USA
| | - Lianliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
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6
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Althnaibat RM, Bruce HL, Wu J, Gänzle MG. Bioactive peptides in hydrolysates of bovine and camel milk proteins: A review of studies on peptides that reduce blood pressure, improve glucose homeostasis, and inhibit pathogen adhesion. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113748. [PMID: 38129050 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diet-related chronic conditions including hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus has increased worldwide. Research regarding the use of food-derived bioactive peptides as an alternative strategy to mitigate chronic diseases is on the rise. Milk is recognized as one of the main dietary protein sources for health beneficial bioactive compounds. Hundreds of in vitro studies have suggested that milk-derived bioactive peptides offer multiple biological and physiological benefits, and some but not all were confirmed in vivo with animal models for hypertension, hyperglycemia, and pathogen adhesion. However, only a limited number of health benefits have been confirmed by randomized clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the current clinical studies that target hypertension, postprandial hyperglycemic, and adhesion of enteric pathogen with bioactive peptides derived from bovine and camel milk, with a focus on the factors affecting the efficacy of orally ingested products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami M Althnaibat
- University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Heather L Bruce
- University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Umar M, Ruktanonchai U, Makararpong D, Anal AK. Enhancing Immunity Against Pathogens Through Glycosylated Bovine Colostrum Proteins. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2169866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- NANOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Anil Kumar Anal
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Olvera-Rosales LB, Cruz-Guerrero AE, García-Garibay JM, Gómez-Ruíz LC, Contreras-López E, Guzmán-Rodríguez F, González-Olivares LG. Bioactive peptides of whey: obtaining, activity, mechanism of action, and further applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10351-10381. [PMID: 35612490 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2079113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from diverse food proteins have been part of diverse investigations. Whey is a rich source of proteins and components related to biological activity. It is known that proteins have effects that promote health benefits. Peptides derived from whey proteins are currently widely studied. These bioactive peptides are amino acid sequences that are encrypted within the first structure of proteins, which required hydrolysis for their release. The hydrolysis could be through in vitro or in vivo enzymatic digestion and using microorganisms in fermented systems. The biological activities associated with bio-peptides include immunomodulatory properties, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antioxidant and opioid, etc. These functions are related to general conditions of health or reduced risk of certain chronic illnesses. To determine the suitability of these peptides/ingredients for applications in food technology, clinical studies are required to evaluate their bioavailability, health claims, and safety of them. This review aimed to describe the biological importance of whey proteins according to the incidence in human health, their role as bioactive peptides source, describing methods, and obtaining technics. In addition, the paper exposes biochemical mechanisms during the activity exerted by biopeptides of whey, and their application trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Olvera-Rosales
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - A E Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J M García-Garibay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación Lerma de Villada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Edo. de México, México
| | - L C Gómez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Contreras-López
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - F Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L G González-Olivares
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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Yu X, Xing Y, Liu H, Chang Y, You Y, Dou Y, Liu B, Wang Q, Ma D, Chen L, Tong X. Effects of a Formula with scGOS/lcFOS (9:1) and Glycomacropeptide (GMP) Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota of Very Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091901. [PMID: 35565868 PMCID: PMC9102166 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial colonization of very preterm (VPT) infants is detrimentally affected by the complex interplay of physiological, dietary, medical, and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an infant formula containing the specific prebiotic mixture of scGOS/lcFOS (9:1) and glycomacropeptide (GMP) on the composition and function of VPT infants’ gut microbiota. Metagenomic analysis was performed on the gut microbiota of VPT infants sampled at four time points: 24 h before the trial and 7, 14, and 28 days after the trial. Functional profiling was aggregated into gut and brain modules (GBMs) and gut metabolic modules (GMMs) based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were dominant species in both the test group and the control group. After the 4-week intervention, the abundance of Bifidobacterium in the test group was significantly increased. We found two GBMs (quinolinic acid synthesis and kynurenine degradation) and four GMMs (glutamine degradation, glyoxylate bypass, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and preparatory phase of glycolysis) were significantly enriched in the test group, respectively. The results of this study suggested that formula enriched with scGOS/lcFOS (9:1) and GPM is beneficial to the intestinal microecology of VPT infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanmei Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanxia You
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuqi Dou
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Bin Liu
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co., Ltd., Beijing 100163, China;
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Defu Ma
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co., Ltd., Beijing 100163, China;
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
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Mehra R, Kumar H, Kumar N, Ranvir S, Jana A, Buttar HS, Telessy IG, Awuchi CG, Okpala COR, Korzeniowska M, Guiné RP. Whey proteins processing and emergent derivatives: An insight perspective from constituents, bioactivities, functionalities to therapeutic applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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11
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Pena MJ, Costa R, Rodrigues I, Martins S, Guimarães JT, Faria A, Calhau C, Rocha JC, Borges N. Unveiling the Metabolic Effects of Glycomacropeptide. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189731. [PMID: 34575895 PMCID: PMC8470927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, the main nitrogen source for patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) was phenylalanine-free amino acid supplements. Recently, casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) supplements have been prescribed due to its functional and sensorial properties. Nevertheless, many doubts still persist about the metabolic effects of GMP compared to free amino acids (fAA) and intact proteins such as casein (CAS). We endeavour to compare, in rats, the metabolic effects of different nitrogen sources. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed equal energy density diets plus CAS (control, n = 8), fAA (n = 8) or GMP (n = 8) for 8 weeks. Food, liquid intake and body weight were measured weekly. Blood biochemical parameters and markers of glycidic metabolism were assessed. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was analysed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Food intake was higher in rats fed CAS compared to fAA or GMP throughout the treatment period. Fluid intake was similar between rats fed fAA and GMP. Body weight was systematically lower in rats fed fAA and GMP compared to those fed CAS, and still, from week 4 onwards, there were differences between fAA and GMP. None of the treatments appeared to induce consistent changes in glycaemia, while insulin levels were significantly higher in GMP. Likewise, the production of GLP-1 was higher in rats fed GMP when compared to fAA. Decreased urea, total protein and triglycerides were seen both in fAA and GMP related to CAS. GMP also reduced albumin and triglycerides in comparison to CAS and fAA, respectively. The chronic consumption of the diets triggers different metabolic responses which may provide clues to further study potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Pena
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.P.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Raquel Costa
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.P.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (J.T.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.P.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.P.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (J.T.G.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (C.C.); (J.C.R.)
- CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (C.C.); (J.C.R.)
- CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine da José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (C.C.); (J.C.R.)
- CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Borges
- CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Sauvé MF, Feldman F, Koudoufio M, Ould-Chikh NEH, Ahmarani L, Sane A, N’Timbane T, El-Jalbout R, Patey N, Spahis S, Stintzi A, Delvin E, Levy E. Glycomacropeptide for Management of Insulin Resistance and Liver Metabolic Perturbations. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1140. [PMID: 34572325 PMCID: PMC8469639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The increasing prevalence and absence of effective global treatment for metabolic syndrome (MetS) are alarming given the potential progression to severe non-communicable disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory role of glycomacropeptide (GMP), a powerful milk peptide, in insulin resistance and liver dysmetabolism, two central MetS conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow (Ctrl), high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet or HFHS diet along with GMP (200 mg/kg/day) administered by gavage for 12 weeks. RESULTS GMP lowered plasma insulin levels (in response to oral glucose tolerance test) and HOMA-IR index, indicating a more elevated systemic insulin sensitivity. GMP was also able to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in the circulation as reflected by the decline of malondialdehyde, F2 isoprostanes and lipopolysaccharide. In the liver, GMP raised the protein expression of the endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme GPx involving the NRF2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the administration of GMP reduced the gene expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 via inactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, GMP improved hepatic insulin sensitization given the modulation of AKT, p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK activities, thereby restoring liver homeostasis as revealed by enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, reduced lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that GMP represents a promising dietary nutraceutical in view of its beneficial regulation of systemic insulin resistance and hepatic insulin signaling pathway, likely via its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nour-El-Houda Ould-Chikh
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Lena Ahmarani
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Sane
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Thierry N’Timbane
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ramy El-Jalbout
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Patey
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Tulipano G. Role of Bioactive Peptide Sequences in the Potential Impact of Dairy Protein Intake on Metabolic Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8881. [PMID: 33238654 PMCID: PMC7700308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, there has been an increasing move towards elucidating the complexities of how food can interplay with the signalling networks underlying energy homeostasis and glycaemic control. Dairy foods can be regarded as the greatest source of proteins and peptides with various health benefits and are a well-recognized source of bioactive compounds. A number of dairy protein-derived peptide sequences with the ability to modulate functions related to the control of food intake, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis have been isolated and characterized. Their being active in vivo may be questionable mainly due to expected low bioavailability after ingestion, and hence their real contribution to the metabolic impact of dairy protein intake needs to be discussed. Some reports suggest that the differential effects of dairy proteins-in particular whey proteins-on mechanisms underlying energy balance and glucose-homeostasis may be attributed to their unique amino acid composition and hence the release of free amino acid mixtures enriched in essential amino acids (i.e., branched-chain-amino acids) upon digestion. Actually, the research reports reviewed in this article suggest that, among a number of dairy protein-derived peptides isolated and characterized as bioactive compounds in vitro, some peptides can be active in vivo post-oral administration through a local action in the gut, or, alternatively, a systemic action on specific molecular targets after entering the systemic circulation. Moreover, these studies highlight the importance of the enteroendocrine system in the cross talk between food proteins and the neuroendocrine network regulating energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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