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Pagliarello R, Bennici E, Di Sarcina I, Villani ME, Desiderio A, Nardi L, Benvenuto E, Cemmi A, Massa S. Effects of gamma radiation on engineered tomato biofortified for space agriculture by morphometry and fluorescence-based indices. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1266199. [PMID: 37877080 PMCID: PMC10591191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1266199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Future long-term space missions will focus to the solar system exploration, with the Moon and Mars as leading goals. Plant cultivation will provide fresh food as a healthy supplement to astronauts' diet in confined and unhealthy outposts. Ionizing radiation (IR) are a main hazard in outer space for their capacity to generate oxidative stress and DNA damage. IR is a crucial issue not only for human survival, but also for plant development and related value-added fresh food harvest. To this end, efforts to figure out how biofortification of plants with antioxidant metabolites (such as anthocyanins) may contribute to improve their performances in space outposts are needed. Methods MicroTom plants genetically engineered to express the Petunia hybrida PhAN4 gene, restoring the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in tomato, were used. Seeds and plants from wild type and engineered lines AN4-M and AN4-P2 were exposed to IR doses that they may experience during a long-term space mission, simulated through the administration of gamma radiation. Plant response was continuously evaluated along life cycle by a non-disturbing/non-destructive monitoring of biometric and multiparametric fluorescence-based indices at both phenotypic and phenological levels, and indirectly measuring changes occurring at the primary and secondary metabolism level. Results Responses to gamma radiation were influenced by the phenological stage, dose and genotype. Wild type and engineered plants did not complete a seed-to-seed cycle under the exceptional condition of 30 Gy absorbed dose, but were able to cope with 0.5 and 5 Gy producing fruits and vital seeds. In particular, the AN4-M seeds and plants showed advantages over wild type: negligible variation of fluorimetric parameters related to primary metabolism, no alteration or improvement of yield traits at maturity while maintaining smaller habitus than wild type, biosynthesis of anthocyanins and maintained levels of these compounds compared to non-irradiated controls of the same age. Discussion These findings may be useful in understanding phenotypic effects of IR on plant growth in space, and lead to the exploitation of new breeding efforts to optimize plant performances to develop appropriate ideotypes for future long-term space exploration extending the potential of plants to serve as high-value product source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pagliarello
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Department for Sustainability, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bennici
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Department for Sustainability, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Sarcina
- Fusion and Nuclear Safety Technologies Department, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Villani
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Department for Sustainability, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Angiola Desiderio
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Department for Sustainability, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Nardi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Department for Sustainability, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Benvenuto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Department for Sustainability, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cemmi
- Fusion and Nuclear Safety Technologies Department, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Massa
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Department for Sustainability, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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Fardelli E, D'Arco A, Lupi S, Billi D, Moeller R, Guidi MC. Spectroscopic evidence of the radioresistance of Chroococcidiopsis biosignatures: A combined Raman, FT-IR and THz-TDs spectroscopy study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122148. [PMID: 36462318 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, Mars has been widely studied with on-site missions and observations, showing a planet that could have hosted life in the past. For this reason, the recent and future space missions on the red planet will search for traces of past and, possibly, present life. As a basis for these missions, Space Agencies, such as the European Space Agency, have conducted many experiments on living organisms, studying their behavior in extraterrestrial conditions, learning to recognize their biosignatures with techniques remotely controllable such as Raman spectroscopy. Among these organisms, the radioresistant cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis was irradiated during the STARLIFE campaign with strong radiative insults. In this article we have investigated this cyanobacterium using Raman spectroscopy and extended the characterization of its biosignatures and its response to the radiative stress to the mid- Infrared and Terahertz spectral region using the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) and Terahertz Time Domain spectroscopy (THz- TDs), which demonstrates the compatibility and suitability of these techniques for future space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fardelli
- University of Roma Tre, Department of Science, Viale G. Marconi, 446, Rome, 00146, Italy.
| | - Annalisa D'Arco
- University of La Sapienza, Department of Physics, P.le A. Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Stefano Lupi
- University of La Sapienza, Department of Physics, P.le A. Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy; INFN - LNF, Via E. Fermi, 54, Frascati, 00044, Italy
| | - Daniela Billi
- University of Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Via della ricerca scientifica, 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, section Aerospace Microbiology, Linder Hohe, Cologne, 51147, Germany
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Aly A, Eliwa N, Taha A, Borik Z. Physiological and biochemical markers of gamma irradiated white radish ( Raphanus sativus). Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1413-1423. [PMID: 36731458 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2176561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A field experiment was performed to investigate the impact of low-dose gamma rays on growth parameters and bioactive compounds of white radish. MATERIALS AND METHODS White radish seeds were irradiated by gamma rays dose levels (10, 20, 40 and 80 Gy) beside control. Physiological and biochemical markers were done to follow the effect of gamma rays on white radish. RESULTS The results revealed that gamma rays increased growth parameters with increasing irradiation to a dose of 40 Gy. The maximum increments were found at 14.64 (cm), 48.30 (cm), 20.84 (cm) and 5.51 (cm) for leaves number, leaves length, roots length and roots diameter, respectively, with a dose of 40 Gy. By increasing the irradiation dose to 80 Gy, the results showed reduction in all parameters studied. Ascorbic acid gave the maximum increase with the dose of 40 Gy, while phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase showed the highest increase with the dose 80 of Gy in radish leaves. Similar trend was observed for the radish roots. Furthermore, the protein and isoenzyme profiles of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase changed and induced alteration by different irradiation dose levels. CONCLUSION Gamma rays can be a useful tool for increasing the growth and biochemical content of white radish plants and perhaps other food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aly
- Natural Product Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Eliwa
- Natural Product Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Taha
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Art (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeyad Borik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Art (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Skoko B, Brkanac SR, Kuharić Ž, Jukić M, Štrok M, Rovan L, Zgorelec Ž, Perčin A, Prlić I. Does exposure to weathered coal ash with an enhanced content of uranium-series radionuclides affect flora? Changes in the physiological indicators of five referent plant species. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129880. [PMID: 36067557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal ash deposited in open landfills is a potential source of environmental pollutants due to the contained toxic element content. The weathered coal ash used in this study additionally contains enhanced activity concentrations of 238U series radionuclides. This study aimed to determine the physiological effects of enhanced ionizing radiation and toxic elements on five plant species (smilo grass, sticky fleabane, blackberry, mastic and pine tree) inhabiting the coal ash disposal site. Among the potentially toxic measured elements, contents of Sb, As and especially V significantly exceeded their respective levels at the control site, as well as the content of 238U and its progenies. Significant changes in photosynthetic pigments were recorded following chronic exposure to the plants growing on the coal ash site. Different responses were also observed in the plant species regarding the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The level of lipid peroxidation markedly increased in plants from the disposal site, except in blackberry, wherein GST activity was the strongest, indicating an important role of that enzyme in the adaptation to coal ash pollutants. The results of this study suggest that the modulation of the studied biochemical parameters in plants growing on coal ash is primarily species-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božena Skoko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željka Kuharić
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirela Jukić
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Štrok
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Leja Rovan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Željka Zgorelec
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Aleksandra Perčin
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivica Prlić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Sorrentino MC, Granata A, Pugliese M, Manti L, Giordano S, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V. Evaluation of morpho-physiological responses and genotoxicity in Eruca sativa (Mill.) grown in hydroponics from seeds exposed to X-rays. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15281. [PMID: 37128204 PMCID: PMC10148638 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its potential applications in cultivated plants, ionizing radiation (IR) and its effect on organisms is increasingly studied. Here we measured the effects of ionizing radiation on Eruca sativa by analyzing plants from irradiated seeds (1 and 10 Gy) grown in hydroponics. We measured several morpho-physiological traits and genotoxicity. Radiation stress induced a noticeable variability of the morpho-physiological traits highlighting decreased plant vigor. Shoot length and leaf number were significantly higher in 1 Gy-treated samples, whereas root length was significantly higher in 10 Gy treated plants. Stomata number significantly increased with IR dose, whereas both pigment and Rubisco content decreased under radiation stress. Phenol content significantly increased in 1 Gy treated samples, otherwise from total antioxidants, which were not different from control. Most results could find a feasible explanation in a hormesis-like pattern and in a decreased plant vigor under radiation stress. IR induced genotoxic damage, evaluated by ISSR markers, in 15 day old leaves; specifically, a severe decrease in the genome template stability was observed. However, a partial recovery occurred after 2 weeks, especially under the lowest dose (i.e., 1 Gy), suggesting that DNA damage detection and repair mechanisms are active. Pigment content and genotoxic damage may serve as proxies for evaluating plant responses to IR stress, since they show univocal dose-dependent trends. The use of more checkpoints for analyses and more doses over a wider range, as well as the focus on different metabolites, could help elucidate plant response in terms of morpho-physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Granata
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Manti
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Benelhadj S, Douiri S, Ghouilli A, Hassen RB, Keshk SM, El-kott A, Attia H, Ghorbel D. Extraction of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) proteins via Osborne sequential procedure: Structural and functional characterizations. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Osterhout JT, Schopf JW, Kudryavtsev AB, Czaja AD, Williford KH. Deep-UV Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Precambrian Microfossils: Insights into the Search for Past Life on Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:1239-1254. [PMID: 36194869 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current strategy for detecting evidence of ancient life on Mars-a primary goal of NASA's ongoing Mars 2020 mission-is based largely on knowledge of Precambrian life and of its preservation in Earth's early rock record. The fossil record of primitive microorganisms consists mainly of stromatolites and other microbially influenced sedimentary structures, which occasionally preserve microfossils or other geochemical traces of life. Raman spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for identifying such signs of life and is routinely performed on Precambrian microfossils to help establish their organic composition, degree of thermal maturity, and biogenicity. The Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, is equipped with a deep-ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectrometer as part of the SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals) instrument, which will be used in part to characterize the preservation of organic matter in the ancient sedimentary rocks of Jezero crater and therein search for possible biosignatures. To determine the deep-UV Raman spectra characteristic of ancient microbial fossils, this study analyzes individual microfossils from 14 Precambrian cherts using deep-UV (244 nm) Raman spectroscopy. Spectra obtained were measured and calibrated relative to a graphitic standard and categorized according to the morphology and depositional environment of the fossil analyzed and its Raman-indicated thermal maturity. All acquired spectra of the fossil kerogens include a considerably Raman-enhanced and prominent first-order Raman G-band (∼1600 cm-1), whereas its commonly associated D-band (∼1350 cm-1) is restricted to specimens of lower thermal maturity (below greenschist facies) that thus have the less altered biosignature indicative of relatively well-preserved organic matter. If comparably preserved, similar characteristics would be expected to be exhibited by microfossils or ancient organic matter in rock samples collected and cached on Mars in preparation for future sample return to Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Osterhout
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J William Schopf
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anatoliy B Kudryavtsev
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew D Czaja
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth H Williford
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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The Ground-Based BIOMEX Experiment Verification Tests for Life Detection on Mars. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111212. [PMID: 34833088 PMCID: PMC8619271 DOI: 10.3390/life11111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of an astrobiological search for life campaign on Mars, or other planetary bodies in the Solar System, relies on the detectability of past or present microbial life traces, namely, biosignatures. Spectroscopic methods require little or no sample preparation, can be repeated almost endlessly, and can be performed in contact or even remotely. Such methods are therefore ideally suited to use for the detection of biosignatures, which can be confirmed with supporting instrumentation. Here, we discuss the use of Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies for the detection and characterization of biosignatures from colonies of the fungus Cryomyces antarcticus, grown on Martian analogues and exposed to increasing doses of UV irradiation under dried conditions. The results report significant UV-induced DNA damage, but the non-exceeding of thresholds for allowing DNA amplification and detection, while the spectral properties of the fungal melanin remained unaltered, and pigment detection and identification was achieved via complementary analytical techniques. Finally, this work found that fungal cell wall compounds, likely chitin, were not degraded, and were still detectable even after high UV irradiation doses. The implications for the preservation and detection of biosignatures in extraterrestrial environments are discussed.
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Wang R, Wang T, Qu G, Zhang Y, Guo X, Jia H, Zhu L. Insights into the underlying mechanisms for integrated inactivation of A. spiroides and depression of disinfection byproducts by plasma oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117027. [PMID: 33744659 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms threaten water supply and are potential sources for disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation. In this study, the underlying mechanisms for effective removal of A. spiroides and the following depression on the formation of DBPs were disclosed. Highly efficient inactivation (more than 99.99%) of A. spiroides was realized by the plasma treatment within 12 min, and 93.4% of Anatoxin-a was also removed within 12 min, with no signals of resurrection after 7 days' re-cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the expressions of the genes related to cell walls and peripherals, thylakoid membranes, photosynthetic membranes, and detoxification of toxins were distinctly altered. The generated reactive oxidative species (ROS), including ·OH, O2·-, and 1O2, attacked A. spiroides and resulted in membrane damage and algae organic matter (AOM) release. EEM-PARAFAC analysis illustrated that the AOM compositions were subsequently decomposed by the ROS. As a result, the formation potentials of the C-DBPs and N-DBPs were significantly inhibited, due to the effectively removal of AOM and Anatoxin-a. This study disclosed the underneath mechanisms for the effective inactivation of A. spiroides and inhibition of the following formation of the DBPs, and supplied a prospective technique for integrated pollutant control of cyanobacterial containing drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruigang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Dias A, Kurian S, Thayapurath S. Optical characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter during blooms of Trichodesmium in the coastal waters off Goa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:526. [PMID: 32676790 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichodesmium, a marine cyanobacterium, plays a significant role in the global nitrogen cycle due to its nitrogen fixing ability. Large patches of Trichodesmium blooms were observed in the coastal waters, off Goa during spring intermonsoon (SIM) of 2014-2018. Zeaxanthin was the dominant pigment in the bloom region. Here, we present the spectral absorption and fluorescence characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) during these blooms. CDOM concentration was much higher in the bloom patches as compared with nonbloom regions. During the bloom spectral CDOM absorption had distinct peaks in the UV region due to the presence of UV-absorbing/screening compounds, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and in the visible region due to phycobiliproteins (PBPs). The spectral fluorescence signatures by the traditional peak picking method exhibited three peaks, one was protein-like, and the other two were humic-like. Apart from these, Trichodesmium exhibited strong protein-like fluorescence with 370/460 nm (Ex/Em), which is a signature of cyanobacteria. A parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) on the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) of Trichodesmium dataset fitted a 3-component model of which one was protein-like, and two were humic-like. The fluorescence index (FI) values during Trichodesmium bloom was very high (~ 3) compared with the typical range of 1.2-1.8 observed for the natural waters. Bloom degradation experiments proved that increase in tryptophan fluorescence enhances the CDOM absorption. Our study indicates that Trichodesmium blooms provide a rich source of organic matter in the coastal waters and long-term monitoring of these blooms is essential for understanding the health of ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertina Dias
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
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Rezk AA, Al-Khayri JM, Al-Bahrany AM, El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed HI. X-ray irradiation changes germination and biochemical analysis of two genotypes of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.). JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1680188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel A. Rezk
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Virus & Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Al-Bahrany
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gudkov SV, Grinberg MA, Sukhov V, Vodeneev V. Effect of ionizing radiation on physiological and molecular processes in plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 202:8-24. [PMID: 30772632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on plants is important in relation to several problems: (I) the existence of zones where background radiation - either natural or technogenic - is increased; (II) the problems of space biology; (III) the use of IR in agricultural selection; (IV) general biological problems related to the fundamental patterns and specifics of the effects of IR on various living organisms. By now, researchers have accumulated and systematized a large body of data on the effects of IR on the growth and reproduction of plants, as well as on the changes induced by IR at the genetic level. At the same time, there is a large gap in understanding the mechanisms of IR influence on the biochemical and physiological processes - despite the fact that these processes form the basis determining the manifestation of IR effects at the level of the whole organism. On the one hand, the activity of physiological processes determines the growth of plants; on the other, it is determined by changes at the genetic level. Thus, it is the study of IR effects at the physiological and biochemical levels that can give the most detailed and complex picture of IR action in plants. The review focuses on the effects of radiation on the essential physiological processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, long-distance transport, the functioning of the hormonal system, and various biosynthetic processes. On the basis of a large body of experimental data, we analyze dose and time dependences of the IR-induced effects - which are qualitatively similar - on various physiological and biochemical processes. We also consider the sequence of stages in the development of those effects and discuss their mechanisms, as well as the cause-effect relationships between them. The primary IR-induced physicochemical reactions include the formation of various forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are the cause of the observed changes in the functional activity of plants. The review emphasizes the role of hydrogen peroxide, a long-lived ROS, not only as a damaging agent, but also as a mediator - a universal intracellular messenger, which provides for the mechanism of long-distance signaling. A supposition is made that IR affects physiological processes mainly by violating the regulation of their activity. The violation seems to become possible due to the fact that there exists a crosstalk between different signaling systems of plants, such as ROS, calcium, hormonal and electrical systems. As a result of both acute and chronic irradiation, an increase in the level of ROS can influence the activity of a wide range of physiological processes - by regulating them both at the genetic and physiological levels. To understand the ways, by which IR affects plant growth and development, one needs detailed knowledge about the mechanisms of the processes that occur at the (i) genetic and (ii) physiological levels, as well as their interplay and (iii) knowledge about regulation of these processes at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gudkov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Department of Biophysics, Gagarin St. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia; Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Shchepkina St., 61/2, Moscow, 129110, Russia
| | - Marina A Grinberg
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Department of Biophysics, Gagarin St. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Department of Biophysics, Gagarin St. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Department of Biophysics, Gagarin St. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
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Radioprotective role of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1860:121-128. [PMID: 30465750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are thought to be responsible for pioneering dioxygen production and the so-called "Great Oxygenation Event" that determined the formation of the ozone layer and the ionosphere restricting ionizing radiation levels reaching our planet, which increased biological diversity but also abolished the necessity of radioprotection. We speculated that ancient protection mechanisms could still be present in cyanobacteria and studied the effect of ionizing radiation and space flight during the Foton-M4 mission on Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Spectral and functional characteristics of photosynthetic membranes revealed numerous similarities of the effects of α-particles and space flight, which both interrupted excitation energy transfer from phycobilisomes to the photosystems and significantly reduced the concentration of phycobiliproteins. Although photosynthetic activity was severely suppressed, the effect was reversible, and the cells could rapidly recover from the stress. We suggest that the actual existence and the uncoupling of phycobilisomes may play a specific role not only in photo-, but also in radioprotection, which could be crucial for the early evolution of Life on Earth.
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de la Torre R, Miller AZ, Cubero B, Martín-Cerezo ML, Raguse M, Meeßen J. The Effect of High-Dose Ionizing Radiation on the Astrobiological Model Lichen Circinaria gyrosa. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:145-153. [PMID: 28206822 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lichen Circinaria gyrosa is an astrobiological model defined by its high capacity of resistance to space conditions and to a simulated martian environment. Therefore, it became part of the currently operated BIOMEX experiment on board the International Space Station and the recent STARLIFE campaign to study the effects of four types of space-relevant ionizing radiation. The samples were irradiated with helium and iron ions at doses up to 2 kGy, with X-rays at doses up to 5 kGy and with γ rays at doses from 6 to 113 kGy. Results on C. gyrosa's resistance to simulated space ionizing radiation and its post-irradiation viability were obtained by (i) chlorophyll a fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), (ii) epifluorescence microscopy, (iii) confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and (iv) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results of photosynthetic activity and epifluorescence show no significant changes up to a dose of 1 kGy (helium ions), 2 kGy (iron ions), 5 kGy (X-rays)-the maximum doses applied for those radiation qualities-as well as a dose of 6 kGy of γ irradiation, which was the lowest dose applied for this low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Significant damage in a dose-related manner was observed only at much higher doses of γ irradiation (up to 113 kGy). These data corroborate the findings of the parallel STARLIFE studies on the effects of ionizing radiation on the lichen Circinaria gyrosa, its isolated photobiont, and the lichen Xanthoria elegans. Key Words: Simulated space ionizing radiation-Gamma rays-Extremotolerance-Lichens-Circinaria gyrosa-Photosynthetic activity. Astrobiology 17, 145-153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa de la Torre
- 1 Departamento de Observación de la Tierra, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Zélia Miller
- 2 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla-CSIC , Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cubero
- 2 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla-CSIC , Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Luisa Martín-Cerezo
- 1 Departamento de Observación de la Tierra, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Raguse
- 3 Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Meeßen
- 4 Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU) , Düsseldorf, Germany
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Verseux C, Baqué M, Cifariello R, Fagliarone C, Raguse M, Moeller R, Billi D. Evaluation of the Resistance of Chroococcidiopsis spp. to Sparsely and Densely Ionizing Irradiation. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:118-125. [PMID: 28151689 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Studying the resistance of cyanobacteria to ionizing radiation provides relevant information regarding astrobiology-related topics including the search for life on Mars, lithopanspermia, and biological life-support systems. Here, we report on the resistance of desert cyanobacteria of the genus Chroococcidiopsis, which were exposed (as part of the STARLIFE series of experiments) in both hydrated and dried states to ionizing radiation with different linear energy transfer values (0.2 to 200 keV/μm). Irradiation with up to 1 kGy of He or Si ions, 2 kGy of Fe ions, 5 kGy of X-rays, or 11.59 kGy of γ rays (60Co) did not eradicate Chroococcidiopsis populations, nor did it induce detectable damage to DNA or plasma membranes. The relevance of these results for astrobiology is briefly discussed. Key Words: Ionizing radiation-Linear energy transfer-Lithopanspermia-Cyanobacterial radioresistance-Chroococcidiopsis-Mars. Astrobiology 17, 118-125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien Verseux
- 1 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Astrobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria from Extreme Environments, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Mickael Baqué
- 1 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Astrobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria from Extreme Environments, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
- 2 Astrobiological Laboratories Research Group, Institute of Planetary Research , Management and Infrastructure, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Riccardo Cifariello
- 1 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Astrobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria from Extreme Environments, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fagliarone
- 1 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Astrobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria from Extreme Environments, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Raguse
- 3 Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- 3 Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Billi
- 1 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Astrobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria from Extreme Environments, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
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Meeßen J, Backhaus T, Brandt A, Raguse M, Böttger U, de Vera JP, de la Torre R. The Effect of High-Dose Ionizing Radiation on the Isolated Photobiont of the Astrobiological Model Lichen Circinaria gyrosa. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:154-162. [PMID: 28206823 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lichen symbioses between fungi and algae represent successful life strategies to colonize the most extreme terrestrial habitats. Consequently, space exposure and simulation experiments have demonstrated lichens' high capacity for survival, and thus, they have become models in astrobiological research with which to discern the limits and limitations of terrestrial life. In a series of ground-based irradiation experiments, the STARLIFE campaign investigated the resistance of astrobiological model organisms to galactic cosmic radiation, which is one of the lethal stressors of extraterrestrial environments. Since previous studies have identified that the alga is the more sensitive lichen symbiont, we chose the isolated photobiont Trebouxia sp. of the astrobiological model Circinaria gyrosa as a subject in the campaign. Therein, γ radiation was used to exemplify the deleterious effects of low linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation at extremely high doses up to 113 kGy in the context of astrobiology. The effects were analyzed by chlorophyll a fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), cultivation assays, live/dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and Raman laser spectroscopy (RLS). The results demonstrate dose-dependent impairment of photosynthesis, the cessation of cell proliferation, cellular damage, a decrease in metabolic activity, and degradation of photosynthetic pigments. While previous investigations on other extraterrestrial stressors have demonstrated a high potential of resistance, results of this study reveal the limits of photobiont resistance to ionizing radiation and characterize γ radiation-induced damages. This study also supports parallel STARLIFE studies on the lichens Circinaria gyrosa and Xanthoria elegans, both of which harbor a Trebouxia sp. photobiont. Key Words: Astrobiology-Gamma rays-Extremotolerance-Ionizing radiation-Lichens-Photobiont. Astrobiology 17, 154-162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Meeßen
- 1 Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU) , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresa Backhaus
- 1 Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU) , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- 1 Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU) , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marina Raguse
- 2 Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Böttger
- 3 Institute of Optical Sensor Systems , German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre de Vera
- 4 Institute of Planetary Research , German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosa de la Torre
- 5 Departamento de Observación de la Tierra, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) , Madrid, Spain
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17
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Baqué M, Verseux C, Böttger U, Rabbow E, de Vera JPP, Billi D. Preservation of Biomarkers from Cyanobacteria Mixed with Mars-Like Regolith Under Simulated Martian Atmosphere and UV Flux. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2016; 46:289-310. [PMID: 26530341 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-015-9467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The space mission EXPOSE-R2 launched on the 24th of July 2014 to the International Space Station is carrying the BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) experiment aimed at investigating the endurance of extremophiles and stability of biomolecules under space and Mars-like conditions. In order to prepare the analyses of the returned samples, ground-based simulations were carried out in Planetary and Space Simulation facilities. During the ground-based simulations, Chroococcidiopsis cells mixed with two Martian mineral analogues (phyllosilicatic and sulfatic Mars regolith simulants) were exposed to a Martian simulated atmosphere combined or not with UV irradiation corresponding to the dose received during a 1-year-exposure in low Earth orbit (or half a Martian year on Mars). Cell survival and preservation of potential biomarkers such as photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments or DNA were assessed by colony forming ability assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and PCR-based assays. DNA and photoprotective pigments (carotenoids) were detectable after simulations of the space mission (570 MJ/m(2) of UV 200-400 nm irradiation and Martian simulated atmosphere), even though signals were attenuated by the treatment. The fluorescence signal from photosynthetic pigments was differently preserved after UV irradiation, depending on the thickness of the samples. UV irradiation caused a high background fluorescence of the Martian mineral analogues, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Further investigation will be needed to ensure unambiguous identification and operations of future Mars missions. However, a 3-month exposure to a Martian simulated atmosphere showed no significant damaging effect on the tested cyanobacterial biosignatures, pointing out the relevance of the latter for future investigations after the EXPOSE-R2 mission. Data gathered during the ground-based simulations will contribute to interpret results from space experiments and guide our search for life on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Baqué
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cyprien Verseux
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ute Böttger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Rabbow
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Billi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Benelhadj S, Gharsallaoui A, Degraeve P, Attia H, Ghorbel D. Effect of pH on the functional properties of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis protein isolate. Food Chem 2016; 194:1056-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu Y, Pei H, Hu W, Jin Y, Xu H, Ren Y, Xue D. Effect of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt on the growth and microcystins release of Microcystis aeruginosa. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This present study was the first time to research the application potential of HTCC inM. aeruginosacontrol. To balance the inhibition efficiency ofM. aeruginosaand the release of MCs, 1.2 mg L−1was chosen as appropriate dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Ying Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Di Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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20
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Meng P, Pei H, Hu W, Liu Z, Li X, Xu H. Allelopathic effects of Ailanthus altissima extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa growth, physiological changes and microcystins release. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 141:219-226. [PMID: 26246191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of allelochemicals has been proved an environmentally friendly and promising method to control harmful algal blooms. This study was conducted to explore the application potential of Ailanthus altissima (A. altissima) extracts in Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) control for the first time. Four treatments with A. altissima extractions (25mgL(-1), 50mgL(-1), 100mgL(-1), and 200mgL(-1) respectively) and a control group were built to investigate the effects of A. altissima on the growth, cellular microstructure and cell viability, physiological changes, and release of extracellular matters. Results showed that the cell density of M. aeruginosa was effectively inhibited by A. altissima extract, and the inhibition rates were dose-dependent within 5d. Especially for the treatment with 200mgL(-1) of extract, the inhibitory rates remains above 90% after 5d exposure. In addition, A. altissima effectively decreased the amount of extracellular cyanotoxin microcystins and destroyed the photosynthesis-related structure of algae cell during the experimental period. The results demonstrated the A. altissima extracts can be used as an effective and safe algicide to control algal blooms. However, it must be noted that specific compounds responsible for algicidal effect should be isolated and identified to explore inhibition mechanism of A. altissima in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China; College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Jinan, China.
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongde Liu
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Xiuqing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Badri H, Monsieurs P, Coninx I, Wattiez R, Leys N. Molecular investigation of the radiation resistance of edible cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005. Microbiologyopen 2015; 4:187-207. [PMID: 25678338 PMCID: PMC4398503 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize in detail the response of Arthrospira to ionizing radiation, to better understand its radiation resistance capacity. Live cells of Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. This study is the first, showing that Arthrospira is highly tolerant to gamma rays, and can survive at least 6400 Gy (dose rate of 527 Gy h−1), which identified Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 as a radiation resistant bacterium. Biochemical, including proteomic and transcriptomic, analysis after irradiation with 3200 or 5000 Gy showed a decline in photosystem II quantum yield, reduced carbon fixation, and reduced pigment, lipid, and secondary metabolite synthesis. Transcription of photo-sensing and signaling pathways, and thiol-based antioxidant systems was induced. Transcriptomics did show significant activation of ssDNA repair systems and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) at the RNA level. Surprisingly, the cells did not induce the classical antioxidant or DNA repair systems, such superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and the RecA protein. Arthrospira cells lack the catalase gene and the LexA repressor. Irradiated Arthrospira cells did induce strongly a group of conserved proteins, of which the function in radiation resistance remains to be elucidated, but which are a promising novel routes to be explored. This study revealed the radiation resistance of Arthrospira, and the molecular systems involved, paving the way for its further and better exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanène Badri
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium.,Proteomics and Microbiology Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
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Baqué M, Verseux C, Rabbow E, de Vera JPP, Billi D. Detection of macromolecules in desert cyanobacteria mixed with a lunar mineral analogue after space simulations. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2014; 44:209-21. [PMID: 25351683 PMCID: PMC4669540 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-014-9367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the context of future exposure missions in Low Earth Orbit and possibly on the Moon, two desert strains of the cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis, strains CCMEE 029 and 057, mixed or not with a lunar mineral analogue, were exposed to fractionated fluencies of UVC and polychromatic UV (200–400 nm) and to space vacuum. These experiments were carried out within the framework of the BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) project, which aims at broadening our knowledge of mineral-microorganism interaction and the stability/degradation of their macromolecules when exposed to space and simulated Martian conditions. The presence of mineral analogues provided a protective effect, preserving survivability and integrity of DNA and photosynthetic pigments, as revealed by testing colony-forming abilities, performing PCR-based assays and using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In particular, DNA and pigments were still detectable after 500 kJ/m2 of polychromatic UV and space vacuum (10−4 Pa), corresponding to conditions expected during one-year exposure in Low Earth Orbit on board the EXPOSE-R2 platform in the presence of 0.1 % Neutral Density (ND) filter. After exposure to high UV fluencies (800 MJ/m2) in the presence of minerals, however, altered fluorescence emission spectrum of the photosynthetic pigments were detected, whereas DNA was still amplified by PCR. The present paper considers the implications of such findings for the detection of biosignatures in extraterrestrial conditions and for putative future lunar missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Baqué
- />Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cyprien Verseux
- />Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Elke Rabbow
- />Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Billi
- />Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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Lepot K, Compère P, Gérard E, Namsaraev Z, Verleyen E, Tavernier I, Hodgson DA, Vyverman W, Gilbert B, Wilmotte A, Javaux EJ. Organic and mineral imprints in fossil photosynthetic mats of an East Antarctic lake. GEOBIOLOGY 2014; 12:424-450. [PMID: 25039968 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lacustrine microbial mats in Antarctic ice-free oases are considered modern analogues of early microbial ecosystems as their primary production is generally dominated by cyanobacteria, the heterotrophic food chain typically truncated due to extreme environmental conditions, and they are geographically isolated. To better understand early fossilization and mineralization processes in this context, we studied the microstructure and chemistry of organo-mineral associations in a suite of sediments 50-4530 cal. years old from a lake in Skarvsnes, Lützow Holm Bay, East Antarctica. First, we report an exceptional preservation of fossil autotrophs and their biomolecules on millennial timescales. The pigment scytonemin is preserved inside cyanobacterial sheaths. As non-pigmented sheaths are also preserved, scytonemin likely played little role in the preservation of sheath polysaccharides, which have been cross-linked by ether bonds. Coccoids preserved thylakoids and autofluorescence of pigments such as carotenoids. This exceptional preservation of autotrophs in the fossil mats argues for limited biodegradation during and after deposition. Moreover, cell-shaped aggregates preserved sulfur-rich nanoglobules, supporting fossilization of instable intracellular byproducts of chemotrophic or phototrophic S-oxidizers. Second, we report a diversity of micro- to nanostructured CaCO3 precipitates intimately associated with extracellular polymeric substances, cyanobacteria, and/or other prokaryotes. Micro-peloids Type 1 display features that distinguish them from known carbonates crystallized in inorganic conditions: (i) Type 1A are often filled with globular nanocarbonates and/or surrounded by a fibrous fringe, (ii) Type 1B are empty and display ovoid to wrinkled fringes of nanocrystallites that can be radially oriented (fibrous or triangular) or multilayered, and (iii) all show small-size variations. Type 2 rounded carbonates 1-2 μm in diameter occurring inside autofluorescent spheres interpreted as coccoidal bacteria may represent fossils of intracellular calcification. These organo-mineral associations support organically driven nanocarbonate crystallization and stabilization, hence providing potential markers for microbial calcification in ancient rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lepot
- Paléobiogéologie, Paléobotanique & Paléopalynologie, Département de Géologie, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Géosystèmes, Université Lille 1, CNRS UMR 8217, SN5, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Groemer G, Sattler B, Weisleitner K, Hunger L, Kohstall C, Frisch A, Józefowicz M, Meszyński S, Storrie-Lombardi M, Bothe C, Boyd A, Dinkelaker A, Dissertori M, Fasching D, Fischer M, Föger D, Foresta L, Frischauf N, Fritsch L, Fuchs H, Gautsch C, Gerard S, Goetzloff L, Gołebiowska I, Gorur P, Groemer G, Groll P, Haider C, Haider O, Hauth E, Hauth S, Hettrich S, Jais W, Jones N, Taj-Eddine K, Karl A, Kauerhoff T, Khan MS, Kjeldsen A, Klauck J, Losiak A, Luger M, Luger T, Luger U, McArthur J, Moser L, Neuner J, Orgel C, Ori GG, Paternesi R, Peschier J, Pfeil I, Prock S, Radinger J, Ragonig C, Ramirez B, Ramo W, Rampey M, Sams A, Sams E, Sams S, Sandu O, Sans A, Sansone P, Scheer D, Schildhammer D, Scornet Q, Sejkora N, Soucek A, Stadler A, Stummer F, Stumptner W, Taraba M, Tlustos R, Toferer E, Turetschek T, Winter E, Zanella-Kux K. Field trial of a dual-wavelength fluorescent emission (L.I.F.E.) instrument and the Magma White rover during the MARS2013 Mars analog mission. ASTROBIOLOGY 2014; 14:391-405. [PMID: 24823800 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2013.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract We have developed a portable dual-wavelength laser fluorescence spectrometer as part of a multi-instrument optical probe to characterize mineral, organic, and microbial species in extreme environments. Operating at 405 and 532 nm, the instrument was originally designed for use by human explorers to produce a laser-induced fluorescence emission (L.I.F.E.) spectral database of the mineral and organic molecules found in the microbial communities of Earth's cryosphere. Recently, our team had the opportunity to explore the strengths and limitations of the instrument when it was deployed on a remote-controlled Mars analog rover. In February 2013, the instrument was deployed on board the Magma White rover platform during the MARS2013 Mars analog field mission in the Kess Kess formation near Erfoud, Morocco. During these tests, we followed tele-science work flows pertinent to Mars surface missions in a simulated spaceflight environment. We report on the L.I.F.E. instrument setup, data processing, and performance during field trials. A pilot postmission laboratory analysis determined that rock samples acquired during the field mission exhibited a fluorescence signal from the Sun-exposed side characteristic of chlorophyll a following excitation at 405 nm. A weak fluorescence response to excitation at 532 nm may have originated from another microbial photosynthetic pigment, phycoerythrin, but final assignment awaits development of a comprehensive database of mineral and organic fluorescence spectra. No chlorophyll fluorescence signal was detected from the shaded underside of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Groemer
- 1 Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Zhang H, Yang L, Yu Z, Huang Q. Inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa by DC glow discharge plasma: Impacts on cell integrity, pigment contents and microcystins degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 268:33-42. [PMID: 24468526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a method to inactivate M. aeruginosa by using discharge plasma taking at the gas-solution interface supplied by DC power. Multiple analysis techniques including fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to reveal the inactivation mechanism of M. aeruginosa. The photosynthetic pigment contents including phycocyanin, chlorophyll and metabolites were examined quantitatively. The DC glow discharge plasma caused an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the damage of M. aeruginosa cells are mainly attributed to the oxidative stress including OH attack and H2O2 oxidation. Our findings demonstrate that plasma oxidation is a promising technology for inactivation of M. aeruginosa cells with simultaneous removal of microcystins and so it may lead us to a new route to efficient treatment of cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Linfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Zengliang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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26
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Hassler DM, Zeitlin C, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Ehresmann B, Rafkin S, Eigenbrode JL, Brinza DE, Weigle G, Böttcher S, Böhm E, Burmeister S, Guo J, Köhler J, Martin C, Reitz G, Cucinotta FA, Kim MH, Grinspoon D, Bullock MA, Posner A, Gómez-Elvira J, Vasavada A, Grotzinger JP. Mars' surface radiation environment measured with the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover. Science 2013; 343:1244797. [PMID: 24324275 DOI: 10.1126/science.1244797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for ~300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment.
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Dartnell LR, Roberts TA, Moore G, Ward JM, Muller JP. Fluorescence characterization of clinically-important bacteria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75270. [PMID: 24098687 PMCID: PMC3787103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAI/HAI) represent a substantial threat to patient health during hospitalization and incur billions of dollars additional cost for subsequent treatment. One promising method for the detection of bacterial contamination in a clinical setting before an HAI outbreak occurs is to exploit native fluorescence of cellular molecules for a hand-held, rapid-sweep surveillance instrument. Previous studies have shown fluorescence-based detection to be sensitive and effective for food-borne and environmental microorganisms, and even to be able to distinguish between cell types, but this powerful technique has not yet been deployed on the macroscale for the primary surveillance of contamination in healthcare facilities to prevent HAI. Here we report experimental data for the specification and design of such a fluorescence-based detection instrument. We have characterized the complete fluorescence response of eleven clinically-relevant bacteria by generating excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) over broad wavelength ranges. Furthermore, a number of surfaces and items of equipment commonly present on a ward, and potentially responsible for pathogen transfer, have been analyzed for potential issues of background fluorescence masking the signal from contaminant bacteria. These include bedside handrails, nurse call button, blood pressure cuff and ward computer keyboard, as well as disinfectant cleaning products and microfiber cloth. All examined bacterial strains exhibited a distinctive double-peak fluorescence feature associated with tryptophan with no other cellular fluorophore detected. Thus, this fluorescence survey found that an emission peak of 340nm, from an excitation source at 280nm, was the cellular fluorescence signal to target for detection of bacterial contamination. The majority of materials analysed offer a spectral window through which bacterial contamination could indeed be detected. A few instances were found of potential problems of background fluorescence masking that of bacteria, but in the case of the microfiber cleaning cloth, imaging techniques could morphologically distinguish between stray strands and bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R. Dartnell
- UCL Institute for Origins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Tom A. Roberts
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ginny Moore
- Clinical Microbiology & Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Ward
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Peter Muller
- The Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Dartnell LR, Page K, Jorge-Villar SE, Wright G, Munshi T, Scowen IJ, Ward JM, Edwards HGM. Destruction of Raman biosignatures by ionising radiation and the implications for life detection on Mars. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:131-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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