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Mazur K, Kusznierewicz B, Martysiak-Żurowska D, Drążkowska I, Malinowska-Pańczyk E. The Effect of Hyperbaric Storage on the Nutritional Value and Retention of Certain Bioactive Proteins in Human Milk. Nutrients 2024; 16:1455. [PMID: 38794693 PMCID: PMC11124269 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) contains the essential macronutrients and bioactive compounds necessary for the normal growth and development of newborns. The milk collected by human milk banks is stored frozen and pasteurized, reducing its nutritional and biological value. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hyperbaric storage at subzero temperatures (HS-ST) on the macronutrients and bioactive proteins in HM. As control samples, HM was stored at the same temperatures under 0.1 MPa. A Miris HM analyzer was used to determine the macronutrients and the energy value. The lactoferrin (LF), lysozyme (LYZ) and α-lactalbumin (α-LAC) content was checked using high-performance liquid chromatography, and an ELISA test was used to quantify secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). The results showed that the macronutrient content did not change significantly after 90 days of storage at 60 MPa/-5 °C, 78 MPa/-7 °C, 111 MPa/-10 °C or 130 MPa/-12 °C. Retention higher than 90% of LYZ, α-LAC, LF and sIgA was observed in the HM stored at conditions of up to 111 MPa/-10 °C. However, at 130 MPa/-12 °C, there was a reduction in LYZ and LF, by 39 and 89%, respectively. The storage of HM at subzero temperatures at 0.1 MPa did not affect the content of carbohydrates or crude and true protein. For fat and the energy value, significant decreases were observed at -5 °C after 90 days of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mazur
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.M.); (B.K.); (D.M.-Ż.)
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.M.); (B.K.); (D.M.-Ż.)
| | - Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.M.); (B.K.); (D.M.-Ż.)
| | - Izabela Drążkowska
- Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.M.); (B.K.); (D.M.-Ż.)
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2
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Klaey-Tassone M, Soussignan R, Durand K, Roy SL, Damon F, Villière A, Fillonneau C, Prost C, Patris B, Sagot P, Schaal B. Testing detectability, attractivity, hedonic specificity, extractability, and robustness of colostrum odor-Toward an olfactory bioassay for human neonates. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22474. [PMID: 38419350 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Human milk odor is attractive and appetitive for human newborns. Here, we studied behavioral and heart-rate (HR) responses of 2-day-old neonates to the odor of human colostrum. To evaluate detection in two conditions of stimulus delivery, we first presented the odor of total colostrum against water. Second, the hedonic specificity of total colostrum odor was tested against vanilla odor. Third, we delivered only the fresh effluvium of colostrum separated from the colostrum matrix; the stability of this colostrum effluvium was then tested after deep congelation; finally, after sorptive extraction of fresh colostrum headspace, we assessed the activity of colostrum volatiles eluting from the gas chromatograph (GC). Regardless of the stimulus-delivery method, neonates displayed attraction reactions (HR decrease) as well as appetitive oral responses to the odor of total colostrum but not to vanilla odor. The effluvium separated from the fresh colostrum matrix remained appetitive but appeared labile under deep freezing. Finally, volatiles from fresh colostrum effluvium remained behaviorally active after GC elution, although at lower magnitude. In sum, fresh colostrum effluvium and its eluate elicited a consistent increase in newborns' oral activity (relative to water or vanilla), and they induced shallow HR decrease. Newborns' appetitive oral behavior was the most reproducible response criterion to the effluvium of colostrum. In conclusion, a set of unidentified volatile compounds from human colostrum is robust enough after extraction from the original matrix and chromatographic processing to continue eliciting appetitive responses in neonates, thus opening new directions to isolate and assay specific volatile molecules of colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Klaey-Tassone
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Soussignan
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Karine Durand
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Sarah Le Roy
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Damon
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Villière
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Fillonneau
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Prost
- Flavour Research Group, MAPS2, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés-Environnement-Agroalimentaire (GEPEA), CNRS (UMR 6144), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Patris
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Biology, University Hospital Dijon and Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Benoist Schaal
- Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory; Centre for Smell, Taste and Feeding Behavior Science, CNRS (UMR 6265), Université de Bourgogne-Inrae-Institut Agro, Dijon, France
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3
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Stinson LF, George A, Gridneva Z, Jin X, Lai CT, Geddes DT. Effects of Different Thawing and Warming Processes on Human Milk Composition. J Nutr 2024; 154:314-324. [PMID: 38042352 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of human milk is influenced by storage and processing practices. The effects of thawing and warming practices on human milk composition remain poorly studied despite their prevalence in home, research, and donor milk bank settings. This review comprehensively examines the impact of different thawing and warming methods on nutritional and bioactive human milk components. While some components such as carbohydrates and minerals remain stable under most typical thawing and warming conditions, others, such as fat, immune proteins, bacterial and human cells, and peptide amine hormones, are sensitive to warming. This review has identified that the data on the effects of milk thawing and warming is limited and often contradictory. Given that numerous important components of milk are diminished during cold storage, it is important that thawing and warming practices do not lead to further loss of or alterations to beneficial milk components. Further work in this field will facilitate greater standardization of thawing methods among researchers and underpin recommendations for thawing and warming of expressed milk for parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Alexandra George
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Xuehua Jin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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4
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Kaya Ö, Çınar N. The effects of freezing and thawing on mature human milk's contains: A systematic review. Midwifery 2023; 118:103519. [PMID: 36641969 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review on the effects of freezing and thawing mature human milk at -18 to -20°C for different periods of time on the macronutrients, micronutrients and bioactive content of milk. DESIGN Before starting the research, the study protocol was recorded in the 'PROSPERO' database. Eleven databases were searched, and eight studies were included in this review. The articles were published between January 2010 and June 2020. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Total protein content increased when milk was frozen for 2 days, but this decreased significantly when milk was frozen for >1 week. Total carbohydrate content also increased when milk was frozen for 2 days, and no significant change was observed when milk was frozen for >1 week. Energy content decreased when milk was frozen for >8 weeks. Total fat content decreased as the freezing period of milk increased, and total free fatty acid content increased. Thirty days of freezing led to a non-significant decrease in the vitamin E content of milk. Freezing did not lead to changes in immunological factors in human milk, but decreases in glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant capacity and lactoferrin were observed. KEY CONCLUSIONS In order to maintain the nutritional and immunological properties of human milk after freezing and thawing, families, especially mothers, should be informed about the effects of storing milk this way. After expressing milk, it is recommended that the date should be written on the freezer bag, so that milk is frozen for a shorter period of time before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kaya
- Sakarya University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Nursan Çınar
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
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5
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Human Milk Processing and Its Effect on Protein and Leptin Concentrations. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020347. [PMID: 36678217 PMCID: PMC9863428 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: For the storage of human milk (HM), freezing, thawing, and/or pasteurization are routinely used in neonatal intensive care units. We aimed to analyze the effects of different HM processing types on the nutritional contents in HM, adipose tissue, and the neuroprotection markers leptin and adiponectin. (2) Methods: HM samples from 136 mothers of preterm and term infants (gestational age 23 + 0 to 41 + 6) were collected and divided into four groups: (i) fresh HM, (ii) fresh pasteurized HM, (iii) thawed HM, and (iv) thawed pasteurized HM. The macronutrients were analyzed by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy and the adiponectin and leptin were analyzed by high-sensitivity adiponectin and leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (3) Results: No significant differences were observed in the protein, carbohydrate, or fat concentrations between the HM processing types. The leptin levels were significantly lower after pasteurization in comparison to HM without pasteurization (p < 0.001). The protein levels in extremely preterm HM were significantly lower compared to those in moderate/late preterm HM and term HM (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: HM processing had an impact on leptin concentrations but no effect on the protein level. These data support the use of unpasteurized human milk for preterm infants’ nutrition and normal brain development. The protein levels of the milk of mothers from preterm compared to full-term infants differed, underlining the importance of individualized target fortification.
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6
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Huang J, Zheng Z, Zhao X, Huang L, Wang L, Zhang X, Lin X. Short-term effects of fresh mother's own milk in very preterm infants. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 19:e13430. [PMID: 36098334 PMCID: PMC9749607 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fresh mother's own milk (MOM) can protect preterm infants from many complications. Often MOM is pasteurized for safety, which can deactivate cellular and bioactive components with protective benefits. Questions remain regarding whether pasteurized MOM provides the same benefits as fresh MOM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association and feasibility of feeding very preterm infants with fresh MOM. This prospective cohort study included 157 very preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestational age and with a birthweight below 1500 g. Of these, 82 infants were included in the fresh MOM without any processing group and 75 infants were included in the pasteurized never-frozen MOM (PNFMOM) group. The mortality rate, survival rate without severe complication, incidence of complications, feeding indexes and growth velocities were compared to assess the association and feasibility of feeding fresh MOM. Compared with the PNFMOM group, the fresh MOM group had a higher survival rate without severe complications (p = 0.014) and a lower incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.010) after adjustment for confounders. The fresh MOM group regained birthweight earlier (p = 0.021), reached total enteral feeding earlier (p = 0.024), and received total parenteral nutrition for less time (p = 0.045). No adverse events associated with fresh MOM feeding were recorded. Feeding fresh MOM may reduce the incidence of complications in very premature infants. Fresh MOM was shown to be a feasible feeding strategy to improve preterm infants' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Women and Children's Hospital, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Women and Children's Hospital, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xiao‐yan Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Women and Children's Hospital, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Li‐han Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Women and Children's Hospital, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Women and Children's Hospital, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xiao‐lan Zhang
- Department of NeonatologyXiamen Humanity HospitalXiamenChina
| | - Xin‐zhu Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Women and Children's Hospital, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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7
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Dos Santos VJ, Baqueta MR, Março PH, Valderrama P, Visentainer JV. Proof-of-concept on the effect of human milk storage time: Lipid degradation and spectroscopic characterization using portable near-infrared spectrometer and chemometrics. Food Chem 2022; 368:130675. [PMID: 34419795 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) modifications over time represent an important issue. This work proposed to evaluate the changes in HM during one-year storage through total lipids (TL) degradation and portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer combined with chemometrics. Colostrum, transition, and mature stages were obtained from donors and considered in the raw and pasteurized forms. Principal component analysis in TL content showed changes in the mature stages for both forms after 75 days. Multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares in NIR spectral data reveals a decrease in protein and triacylglycerol contents while an increase in free fatty acids (palmitic acid) contents were observed through the storage after around 5-6 months. Therefore, more than 5-6 months of storage suggest possible biochemical changes in the HM nutritional composition. Moreover, the chemometrics investigation was crucial in extracting information, bringing coherent results, and helping to understand the chemical changes in human milk during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Rocha Baqueta
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), 87301-899 Campo Mourão-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Março
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), 87301-899 Campo Mourão-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Valderrama
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), 87301-899 Campo Mourão-Paraná, Brazil.
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8
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Meng F, Uniacke-Lowe T, Ryan AC, Kelly AL. The composition and physico-chemical properties of human milk: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Palnizky Soffer G, Siri M, Mangel L, Mandel D, Lubetzky R. Impact of Maternal Anxiety on Human Milk Macronutrients Content: A Prospective Observational Study. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:572-575. [PMID: 32598169 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The impact of maternal anxiety on the macronutrients content of human milk (HM) is unknown. We hypothesized that maternal stress generated by her infant's hospitalization will affect the mother's breast milk's macronutrients content. Materials and Methods: HM samples (2-3 mL) were collected from 21 mothers whose infants were hospitalized for 2-3 days between August 2016 and November 2017 due to neonatal fever. Samples were provided at three time points: first day of admission, second day of admission, and 1 week after discharge. The maternal anxiety level was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Milk analyses for macronutrients were performed by infrared transmission spectroscopy. Results: Fat and energy contents of HM on day 7 were significantly higher compared with the day of admission (p = 0.019 and p = 0.022, respectively), whereas they were similar to values on day 2. The maternal anxiety level (STAI) at the time of infant admission was significantly higher than at 1 week after discharge (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the changes in fat content and changes in the STAI score between admission and 1 week after discharge. Conclusion: Short infant hospitalization is associated with a significant rise in maternal stress; however, macronutrients content of HM remained unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Palnizky Soffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Siri
- Department of Pediatrics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laurence Mangel
- Department of Neonatology, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Mandel
- Department of Neonatology, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Lubetzky
- Department of Pediatrics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Paulaviciene IJ, Liubsys A, Eidukaite A, Molyte A, Tamuliene L, Usonis V. The Effect of Prolonged Freezing and Holder Pasteurization on the Macronutrient and Bioactive Protein Compositions of Human Milk. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:583-588. [PMID: 32856945 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human donor milk is widely used to feed premature and sick newborns when the milk of their own mothers is insufficient. All treatment processes involving human milk affect its composition. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the macronutrients and bioactive protein (lactoferrin and lysozyme) content in human milk caused by freezing and Holder pasteurization. Materials and Methods: Milk samples were collected from 42 mothers 14-16 days after delivery. Each sample was divided into two parts and tested twice for macronutrient content, once upon being freshly collected and again after freezing at -40°C, thawing and Holder pasteurization. The lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations were first determined in the unpasteurized thawed human milk after it was stored frozen at -80°C for up to 10 months and again after Holder pasteurization. The macronutrient concentrations were determined by midinfrared spectrophotometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations. Results: Freezing and Holder pasteurization had no significant effects on the macronutrient concentrations. The mean lactoferrin content before and after pasteurization was 2.5 ± 1.07 and 0.03 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001), and the lysozyme content was 19.57 ± 20.11 and 12.62 ± 14.14 μg/mL, respectively (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Freezing and Holder pasteurization did not decrease the nutritional value of human milk but caused considerable loss of lactoferrin and lysozyme. New methods for treating human milk are needed that ensure the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms while retaining the biological and nutritional value of the milk. The Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04382989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Jura Paulaviciene
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Liubsys
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrone Eidukaite
- Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Immunology, Center of Innovative Medicine, State Research Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alma Molyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laima Tamuliene
- Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Usonis
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Chang FY, Fang LJ, Chang CS, Wu TZ. The Effect of Processing Donor Milk on Its Nutrient and Energy Content. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:576-582. [PMID: 32598161 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: The pasteurization is a mandatory step to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms of bank milk. For storage, freezing and thawing are necessary. The concentration of macronutrients and energy of bank milk could be influenced by these procedures which are routinely used in human milk bank. Research Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of bank milk processing (pasteurization and freezing/thawing) on the macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) concentration and energy content. Materials and Methods: The samples of donor milk were collected and studied before/after pasteurization and after frozen for 3 months. Total 100 samples of bank milk were tested using an infrared analyzer. The measurements of fat, protein, carbohydrate, and energy were statistically analyzed by SPSS. Results: There was a prominent reduction of fat mean concentration following pasteurization and frozen (20.5% and 6.5%, respectively). The processing did not cause significant changes in protein content, but there were significant increase after pasteurization and decrease after frozen in carbohydrate (p < 0.05). Overall (postpasteurization and frozen storage), a 9.6% decrease was observed for energy content. Conclusion: This study revealed that the processing of bank milk (including Holder Pasteurization and frozen storage) decreased fat and energy content of human milk significantly, and this could not meet the specific needs of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chang
- Branch for Women and Children, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Fang
- Branch for Women and Children, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sheng Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Zu Wu
- Branch for Women and Children, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Malinowska-Pańczyk E. Can high hydrostatic pressure processing be the best way to preserve human milk? Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Macronutrients, total aerobic bacteria counts and serum proteome of human milk during refrigerated storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Nessel I, Khashu M, Dyall SC. The effects of storage conditions on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipid mediators, and antioxidants in donor human milk - A review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:8-17. [PMID: 31421526 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) is the recommended alternative, if maternal milk is unavailable. However, current human milk banking practices may negatively affect the nutritional quality of DHM. This review summarises the effects of these practices on polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipid mediators and antioxidants of human milk. Overall, there is considerable variation in the reported effects, and further research is needed, particularly with lipid mediators and antioxidants. However, to preserve nutritional quality, DHM should be protected from light exposure and storage at 4 °C minimised, to prevent decreases in vitamin C and endocannabinoids and increases in free fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products. Storage at -20 °C prior to pasteurisation should also be minimised, to prevent free fatty increases and total fat and endocannabinoid decreases. Storage ≤-70 °C is preferable wherever possible, although post-pasteurisation storage at -20 °C for three months appears safe for free fatty acids, lipid peroxidation products, and total fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Nessel
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal and Perinatal Health, Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, BH13LT U.K..
| | - Minesh Khashu
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal and Perinatal Health, Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, BH13LT U.K.; Neonatal Unit, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, U.K
| | - Simon C Dyall
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
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Tanriverdi S, Koroglu O, Uygur Ö, Yalaz M, Kultursay N. Evaluation of macronutrient content of fresh and frozen human milk over 6 months. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:1875-1882. [PMID: 31394940 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1651269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study; we aimed to see the time-dependent changes in the macronutrient content of early frozen breast milk and also to compare it with fresh breast milk in the first 6 months. MATERIALS AND METHOD We evaluated the milk samples of 43 mothers who delivered at term. Milk samples after the first 15 days following delivery were expressed and collected dividing into seven aliquots to be stored frozen at -20 °C. Every month freshly collected new milk samples were analyzed together with one aliquot of the stored samples, up to 6 months. The energy, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents of samples were analyzed by Miris Human Milk Analyzer. RESULTS In the first 3 months, fresh milk had higher caloric and lipid content when compared to frozen samples. The protein content of fresh milk decreased after 2 months and became lower than frozen samples. The energy and lipid content of frozen milk decreased over time but protein and carbohydrate contents stayed stable. Carbohydrate content of fresh and frozen samples did not show major changes. CONCLUSION It may be more suitable to consume the frozen milk that was collected in the early weeks of delivery within first 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Tanriverdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Manisa Celal Bayar University Medical School, Uncubozkoy, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ozge Koroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege Üniversitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özgün Uygur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, SBU Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yalaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege Üniversitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Kultursay
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege Üniversitesi, Izmir, Turkey
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