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Yamatoya K, Nagai Y, Teramoto N, Kang W, Miyado K, Nakata K, Yagi T, Miyamoto Y. Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Free Cryopreservation of Differentiated Human Neuronal Cells. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:631-634. [PMID: 36827090 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cells provided by cell banks and medical facilities have been used for cell therapy, regenerative therapy, and fundamental research. Cryopreservation is an effective means of maintaining stable cell quality over a long period of time. The slow freezing method is most suitable for processing many human cells isolated simultaneously from organs and tissues, but it is necessary to develop a freezing solution for this method. In this study, we report the successful development of a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-free freezing medium for differentiated neuronal cells. Neuronal differentiation results in the differentiation of undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells into neuronal cells. A basic freezing medium (BFM) was prepared using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, 1 M maltose, and 1% sericin as the essential ingredients, supplemented with 5%-40% propylene glycol (PG). Each BFM supplemented with 5%-40% PG was evaluated in undifferentiated cells. After thawing, BFM supplemented with 10% and 20% PG were 83% and 88% viable, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 10% and 20% PG groups. However, a significant difference was observed when the concentration of PG in the BFM decreased by 5% (5% PG vs. 10% PG; p = 0.0026). Each DMSO-free BFM was evaluated using differentiated neuronal cells. There was no significant difference between the 10% PG BFM and stem-CB-free groups. Viability was significantly different in the 10% glycerol BFM (4.8%) and 10% PG BFM (45%) (p = 0.028). The differentiated cells with 10% PG BFM showed higher adherence to culture dishes than those with 10% glycerol BFM. These results show that BFM containing PG was effective in differentiating neuronal cells. DMSO affects the central nervous system at low concentrations. This report indicates that DMSO is unsuitable for neuronal cells with multipotent differentiation potential. Therefore, it is essential for cell banking and transplantation medicine services to select appropriate cell freezing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamatoya
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Laboratory of Genomic Function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Nagai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Naozumi Teramoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
| | - Woojin Kang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Division of Sciences for Biological System, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Tohru Yagi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Japan
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Saad M, El-Samad LM, Gomaa RA, Augustyniak M, Hassan MA. A comprehensive review of recent advances in silk sericin: Extraction approaches, structure, biochemical characterization, and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126067. [PMID: 37524279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Silks are natural polymers that have been widely used for centuries. Silk consists of a filament core protein, termed fibroin, and a glue-like coating substance formed of sericin (SER) proteins. This protein is extracted from the silkworm cocoons (particularly Bombyx mori) and is mainly composed of amino acids like glycine, serine, aspartic acid, and threonine. Silk SER can be obtained using numerous methods, including enzymatic extraction, high-temperature, autoclaving, ethanol precipitation, cross-linking, and utilizing acidic, alkali, or neutral aqueous solutions. Given the versatility and outstanding properties of SER, it is widely fabricated to produce sponges, films, and hydrogels for further use in diverse biomedical applications. Hence, many authors reported that SER benefits cell proliferation, tissue engineering, and skin tissue restoration thanks to its moisturizing features, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and mitogenic effect on mammalian cells. Remarkably, SER is used in drug delivery depending on its chemical reactivity and pH-responsiveness. These unique features of SER enhance the bioactivity of drugs, facilitating the fabrication of biomedical materials at nano- and microscales, hydrogels, and conjugated molecules. This review thoroughly outlines the extraction techniques, biological properties, and respective biomedical applications of SER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Saad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Gomaa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hui Y, Yan Z, Yang H, Xu X, Yuan WE, Qian Y. Graphene Family Nanomaterials for Stem Cell Neurogenic Differentiation and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4741-4759. [PMID: 36102324 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Nerve scaffolds fabricated by specific materials can help induce the neurogenic differentiation of stem cells. Therefore, it is a potential strategy to enhance therapeutic efficiency. Graphene family nanomaterials are widely applied in repairing peripheral nerves. However, the mechanism underlying the pro-regeneration effects remains elusive. In this review, we first discuss the properties of graphene family nanomaterials, including monolayer and multilayer graphene, few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene quantum dots. We also introduce their applications in regulating stem cell differentiation. Then, we review the potential mechanisms of the neurogenic differentiation of stem cells facilitated by the materials. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in this field to advance the development of nerve biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hui
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
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4
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Alcalá AC, Contreras MA, Cuevas-Juárez E, Ramírez OT, Palomares LA. Effect of sericin, a silk derived protein, on the amplification of Zika virus in insect and mammalian cell cultures. J Biotechnol 2022; 353:28-35. [PMID: 35623476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sericin, a silk-derived non-immunogenic protein, has been used to improve cell culture performance by increasing viability, cell concentration, and promoting adherence of several cell lines. Here, we hypothesized that the properties of sericin can enhance the amplification of flaviviruses in cell cultures. The propagation of flavivirus is inefficient and limits scientific research. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an important human pathogen that has been widely studied because of its high impact on public health. There is a need to amplify Zika virus both for research and vaccine development. In this work, we show that sericin improves ZIKV amplification in insect (C6/36) and mammalian (Vero) cell cultures, and that it has a cryoprotectant capacity. Supplementation of cell culture media with sericin at 80 µg/mL resulted in a significant increase of 1 log in the concentration of ZIKV infectious particles produced from both cell lines. Furthermore, final virus yields increased between 5 and 10-fold in Vero cells and between 7 and 23-fold in C6/36 cells when sericin was supplemented, compared to control conditions. These results show that sericin is an effective supplement to increase ZIKV production by Vero and C6/36 cells. Additionally, sericin was a suitable cryoprotective agent, and hence an alternative to FBS and DMSO, for the cryopreservation of C6/36 cells but not for Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Alcalá
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesosō, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Martha A Contreras
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesosō, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Esmeralda Cuevas-Juárez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesosō, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Octavio T Ramírez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesosō, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | - Laura A Palomares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesosō, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Arutyunyan I, Elchaninov A, Sukhikh G, Fatkhudinov T. Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Scaffold-Based Constructs: from Concept to Reality. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1234-1252. [PMID: 34761366 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Creation of scaffold-based tissue-engineered constructs (SB TECs) is costly and requires coordinated qualified efforts. Cryopreservation enables longer shelf-life for SB TECs while enormously enhancing their availability as medical products. Regenerative treatment with cryopreserved SB TECs prepared in advance (possibly prêt-à-porter) can be started straight away on demand. Animal studies and clinical trials indicate similar levels of safety for cryopreserved and freshly prepared SB TECs. Although cryopreservation of such constructs is more difficult than that of cell suspensions or tissues, years of research have proved the principal possibility of using ready-to-transplant SB TECs after prolonged cryostorage. Cryopreservation efficiency depends not only on the sheer viability of adherent cells on scaffolds after thawing, but largely on the retention of proliferative and functional properties by the cells, as well as physical and mechanical properties by the scaffolds. Cryopreservation protocols require careful optimization, as their efficiency depends on multiple parameters including cryosensitivity of cells, chemistry and architecture of scaffolds, conditions of cell culture before freezing, cryoprotectant formulations, etc. In this review we discuss recent achievements in SB TEC cryopreservation as a major boost for the field of tissue engineering and biobanking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Arutyunyan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
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6
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Li JX, Zhao SX, Zhang YQ. Silk Protein Composite Bioinks and Their 3D Scaffolds and In Vitro Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:910. [PMID: 35055092 PMCID: PMC8776115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the use of silk protein, including fibroin and sericin, from an alkaline solution of Ca(OH)2 for the clean degumming of silk, which is neutralized by sulfuric acid to create calcium salt precipitation. The whole sericin (WS) can not only be recycled, but completely degummed silk fibroin (SF) is also obtained in this process. The inner layers of sericin (ILS) were also prepared from the degummed silk in boiling water by 120 °C water treatment. When the three silk proteins (SPs) were individually grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), three grafted silk proteins (G-SF, G-WS, G-ILS) were obtained. After adding I2959 (a photoinitiator), the SP bioinks were prepared with phosphate buffer (PBS) and subsequently bioprinted into various SP scaffolds with a 3D network structure. The compressive strength of the SF/ILS (20%) scaffold added to G-ILS was 45% higher than that of the SF scaffold alone. The thermal decomposition temperatures of the SF/WS (10%) and SF/ILS (20%) scaffolds, mainly composed of a β-sheet structures, were 3 °C and 2 °C higher than that of the SF scaffold alone, respectively. The swelling properties and resistance to protease hydrolysis of the SP scaffolds containing sericin were improved. The bovine insulin release rates reached 61% and 56% after 5 days. The L929 cells adhered, stretched, and proliferated well on the SP composite scaffold. Thus, the SP bioinks obtained could be used to print different types of SP composite scaffolds adapted to a variety of applications, including cells, drugs, tissues, etc. The techniques described here provide potential new applications for the recycling and utilization of sericin, which is a waste product of silk processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (J.-X.L.); (S.-X.Z.)
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7
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Subbiahanadar Chelladurai K, Selvan Christyraj JD, Rajagopalan K, Yesudhason BV, Venkatachalam S, Mohan M, Chellathurai Vasantha N, Selvan Christyraj JRS. Alternative to FBS in animal cell culture - An overview and future perspective. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07686. [PMID: 34401573 PMCID: PMC8349753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a widely used growth supplement in the in vitro culturing of animal and human cells, tissues and organs, notably due to the occurrence of abundant micro- and macronutrients, along with growth factors. Over the years, increasing demand, high price, batch-to-batch variability in quality and composition, increasing ethical concerns lead to the search for an alternative to FBS. Several approaches have been suggested and employed in the past, but none is implemented as widely as FBS, and each supplement has its own disadvantages. In this review, we described the importance of FBS in cell culture, discussed the issues associated with FBS use and presented the efforts made in the recent past to reduce or replace FBS. The potential of four different alternative sources to FBS, namely, bovine ocular fluid, sericin protein, human platelet lysate and earthworm heat inactivated coelomic fluid was evaluated. In the end, we present the conceptual perspective using the Human Platelet Lysate (HPL) and earthworm Heat Inactivated Coelomic Fluid (HI-CF) combination to alternate FBS and its context in scientific and economic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Beryl Vedha Yesudhason
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saravanakumar Venkatachalam
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manikandan Mohan
- Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Niranjan Chellathurai Vasantha
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Zalomova LV, Reshetnikov DA, Ugraitskaya SV, Mezhevikina LM, Zagainova AV, Makarov VV, Yudin SM, Fesenko EE. Fetal Serum in Combination with 5% Dimethyl Sulfoxide Efficiently Protects the Human Gut Microbiota during Cryopreservation in Liquid Nitrogen. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bryant SJ, da Silva MA, Hossain KMZ, Calabrese V, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Non-volatile conductive gels made from deep eutectic solvents and oxidised cellulose nanofibrils. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2252-2260. [PMID: 36133751 PMCID: PMC9419570 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels offer huge potential for a number of applications including wearable electronics and soft sensors. However, their synthesis has been limited and often relies on non-renewable or non-biocompatible components. Here we present a novel two-component ionogel made using just deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and cellulose. DESs offer a non-volatile alternative to hydrogels with highly tuneable properties including conductivity and solvation of compounds with widely varying hydrophobicity. DESs can be easily made from cheap, biodegradable and biocompatible components. This research presents the characterisation of a series of soft conductive gels made from deep eutectic solvents (DESs), specifically choline chloride-urea and choline chloride-glycerol, with the sole addition of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF). A more liquid-like rather than gel-like conductive material could be made by using the DES betaine-glycerol. OCNF are prepared from sustainable sources, and are non-toxic, and mild on the skin, forming gels without the need for surfactants or other gelling agents. These DES-OCNF gels are shear thinning with conductivities up to 1.7 mS cm-1 at ∼26 °C. Given the thousands of possible DESs, this system offers unmatched tunability and customisation for properties such as viscosity, conductivity, and yield behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron J Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Janet L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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Bahsoun S, Coopman K, Akam EC. Quantitative assessment of the impact of cryopreservation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: up to 24 h post-thaw and beyond. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:540. [PMID: 33317625 PMCID: PMC7734731 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cryopreservation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) are still ill-defined. In this study, a quantitative approach was adopted to measure several post-thaw cell attributes in order to provide an accurate reflection of the freezing and thawing impact. METHODS Fresh and cryopreserved passage-matched cells from three different donors were discretely analysed and compared for their viability, apoptosis level, phenotypic marker expression, metabolic activity, adhesion potential, proliferation rate, colony-forming unit ability (CFUF) and differentiation potentials. RESULTS The results of this study show that cryopreservation reduces cell viability, increases apoptosis level and impairs hBM-MSC metabolic activity and adhesion potential in the first 4 h after thawing. At 24 h post-thaw, cell viability recovered, and apoptosis level dropped but metabolic activity and adhesion potential remained lower than fresh cells. This suggests that a 24-h period is not enough for a full recovery. Beyond 24 h post-thaw, the observed effects are variable for the three cell lines. While no difference is observed in the pre- and post-cryopreservation proliferation rate, cryopreservation reduced the CFUF ability of two of the cell lines and variably affected the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials of the three cell lines. CONCLUSION The data collected in this study clearly show that fresh and cryopreserved hBM-MSCs are different, and these differences will inevitably introduce variabilities to the product and process development and subsequently imply financial losses. In order to avoid product divergence pre- and post-cryopreservation, effective strategies to mitigate freezing effects must be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bahsoun
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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11
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Raju R, Bryant SJ, Wilkinson BL, Bryant G. The need for novel cryoprotectants and cryopreservation protocols: Insights into the importance of biophysical investigation and cell permeability. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129749. [PMID: 32980500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation is a key method of preservation of biological material for both medical treatments and conservation of endangered species. In order to avoid cellular damage, cryopreservation relies on the addition of a suitable cryoprotective agent (CPA). However, the toxicity of CPAs is a serious concern and often requires rapid removal on thawing which is time consuming and expensive. SCOPE OF REVIEW The principles of Cryopreservation are reviewed and recent advances in cryopreservation methods and new CPAs are described. The importance of understanding key biophysical properties to assess the cryoprotective potential of new non-toxic compounds is discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Knowing the biophysical properties of a particular cell type is crucial for developing new cryopreservation protocols. Similarly, understanding how potential CPAs interact with cells is key for optimising protocols. For example, cells with a large osmotically inactive volume may require slower addition of CPAs. Similarly, a cell with low permeability may require a longer incubation time with the CPA to allow adequate penetration. Measuring these properties allows efficient optimisation of cryopreservation protocols. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the interplay between cells and biophysical properties is important not just for developing new, and better optimised, cryopreservation protocols, but also for broader research into topics such as dehydration and desiccation tolerance, chilling and heat stress, as well as membrane structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raju
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Brendan L Wilkinson
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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12
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Murray KA, Tomás RMF, Gibson MI. Low DMSO Cryopreservation of Stem Cells Enabled by Macromolecular Cryoprotectants. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5627-5632. [PMID: 32984779 PMCID: PMC7509910 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells have potential in regenerative medicine and modulating the immune system. To deliver any cell-based therapy to the patient, it must be cryopreserved, most commonly in DMSO, which impacts cell function and causes clinical side effects. Here we report the use of a synthetically scalable polyampholyte to rescue the cryopreservation of mesenchymal stromal cells in low [DMSO] cryopreservation. Flow cytometry showed retention of key markers of multipotency comparable to 10% (v/v) DMSO, and the cells could be differentiated, showing this polymer material can be used to improve, or replace, current cryopreservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom,
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Ma L, Yang T, Mao C, Yang M. Sensitive protein detection and visualization using protein-binding peptides. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1165-1170. [PMID: 32672894 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Silk sericin (SS) as a silk protein has important applications in biomedical and textile fields, and thus finding a facile method for detecting and imaging it is very important. Here, we show that a free SS-binding peptide, labeled with horseradish peroxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate, could be used as a probe to determine the concentration of SS (from 1 to 100 μg/ml) in a dilute solution with a detection limit of 0.073 μg/ml and visualize the distribution of SS on a substrate under a fluorescent microscope, respectively. This work highlights the importance in discovering a protein-binding peptide and the power of such a peptide for the detection and imaging of technologically important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Veterinary Regenerative Medicine for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Can Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Secretome Be the New Frontier? Cells 2020; 9:cells9061453. [PMID: 32545382 PMCID: PMC7349187 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to restore the normal function of diseased or damaged cells, tissues, and organs using a set of different approaches, including cell-based therapies. In the veterinary field, regenerative medicine is strongly related to the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which belong to the body repair system and are defined as multipotent progenitor cells, able to self-replicate and to differentiate into different cell types. This review aims to take stock of what is known about the MSCs and their use in the veterinary medicine focusing on clinical reports on dogs and horses in musculoskeletal diseases, a research field extensively reported in the literature data. Finally, a perspective regarding the use of the secretome and/or extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the veterinary field to replace parental MSCs is provided. The pharmaceuticalization of EVs is wished due to the realization of a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP product suitable for clinical trials.
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15
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Blank MH, Silva VC, Rui BR, Novaes GA, Castiglione VC, Garcia Pereira RJ. Beneficial influence of fetal bovine serum on in vitro cryosurvival of chicken spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2020; 95:103-109. [PMID: 32470459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chicken spermatozoa are highly susceptible to cryopreservation often requiring extenders containing additives to enhance their post-thaw quality. Although protective properties of fetal bovine serum (FBS) during freezing of tissue cultured cells are widely known, its potential as a cryoprotectant for sperm cells has not been largely explored. Thus, the aims of our study were to (i) investigate the protective effect of FBS at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) against cryodamages in chicken spermatozoa, and (ii) test the FBS concentration that yielded the best preservation versus 1 mg/mL of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLCs). Samples were assessed before and after freezing for sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrities, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress and plasma membrane peroxidation. Our findings showed that, despite their beneficial effects on fresh spermatozoa, higher FBS concentrations (15 and 20%) obtained the worst results for most motility and functional parameters after thawing. In contrast, lower FBS concentrations (5 and 10%) improved all post-thaw variables when compared to control. Afterwards, based on regression analysis, the concentration of 7% FBS was chosen to be assessed against CLCs in an experiment composed by four groups: control, FBS, CLCs, and FBS + CLCs. FBS and FBS + CLCs groups exhibited higher progressive motility in fresh samples, whereas only FBS maintained higher post-thaw progressive motility. Additionally, the incorporation FBS into extenders increased the percentage of rapid cells and reduced free radicals production and plasma membrane peroxidation. Together, these outcomes indicated that FBS minimize some harmful effects of cryopreservation, providing an alternative for chicken semen extenders that in many aspects appears to be superior to CLCs at 1 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Henrique Blank
- Group of Study for Avian Multiplication, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Carvalho Silva
- Group of Study for Avian Multiplication, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rogério Rui
- Group of Study for Avian Multiplication, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Augusto Novaes
- Group of Study for Avian Multiplication, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cardoso Castiglione
- Laboratory of Spermatozoa Biology, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Garcia Pereira
- Group of Study for Avian Multiplication, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Type of protein supplement in cryopreservation solutions impacts on the degree of ultrastructural damage in frozen-thawed human oocytes. Cryobiology 2020; 95:143-150. [PMID: 32243889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein sources used as supplements of IVF culture media are known to have several implications for the function and stability of embryo culture environment. In fact, they i) transport biologically active molecules ii) chelate heavy metals, iii) regulate media pH, iii) scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iv) attenuate osmotic stress to which cells are exposed in sub-optimal culture conditions. Instead, their specific relevance to the formulation of cryopreservation solutions used for gamete and embryo cryopreservation remains uncertain. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that different protein supplements present in cryopreservation solutions, serum or plasma protein solution (PPS), or different concentrations of the same supplement (serum), are associated with different types and/or magnitude of cryopreservation-derived cell damage. To this end, using cryopreservation solutions containing serum or PPS, donated supernumerary human mature oocytes were frozen-thawed by slow freezing and compared with fresh controls. Ultrastructural markers of oocyte quality were adopted as objective measure to assess possible damage from cryopreservation. The study results indicate that the adoption of serum minimises cell damage induced by cryopreservation. Indeed, typical hallmarks of cryodamage in human oocytes, i.e. loss of cortical granules, zona pellucida hardening and above all vacuolization, were largely reduced in oocytes cryopreserved with solutions containing serum, especially if used a higher concentration. This suggest that oocyte cryopreservation still has significant margins of improvement that may derive also from composition of cryopreservation media.
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17
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Enhancement of Biomimetic Enzymatic Mineralization of Gellan Gum Polysaccharide Hydrogels by Plant-Derived Gallotannins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072315. [PMID: 32230810 PMCID: PMC7177887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization of hydrogel biomaterials with calcium phosphate (CaP) is considered advantageous for bone regeneration. Mineralization can be both induced by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and promoted by calcium-binding biomolecules, such as plant-derived polyphenols. In this study, ALP-loaded gellan gum (GG) hydrogels were enriched with gallotannins, a subclass of polyphenols. Five preparations were compared, namely three tannic acids of differing molecular weight (MW), pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), and a gallotannin-rich extract from mango kernel (Mangifera indica L.). Certain gallotannin preparations promoted mineralization to a greater degree than others. The various gallotannin preparations bound differently to ALP and influenced the size of aggregates of ALP, which may be related to ability to promote mineralization. Human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells grew in eluate from mineralized hydrogels. Gallotannin incorporation impeded cell growth on hydrogels and did not impart antibacterial activity. In conclusion, gallotannin incorporation aided mineralization but reduced cytocompatibility.
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18
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Awan M, Buriak I, Fleck R, Fuller B, Goltsev A, Kerby J, Lowdell M, Mericka P, Petrenko A, Petrenko Y, Rogulska O, Stolzing A, Stacey GN. Dimethyl sulfoxide: a central player since the dawn of cryobiology, is efficacy balanced by toxicity? Regen Med 2020; 15:1463-1491. [PMID: 32342730 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the cryoprotectant of choice for most animal cell systems since the early history of cryopreservation. It has been used for decades in many thousands of cell transplants. These treatments would not have taken place without suitable sources of DMSO that enabled stable and safe storage of bone marrow and blood cells until needed for transfusion. Nevertheless, its effects on cell biology and apparent toxicity in patients have been an ongoing topic of debate, driving the search for less cytotoxic cryoprotectants. This review seeks to place the toxicity of DMSO in context of its effectiveness. It will also consider means of reducing its toxic effects, the alternatives to its use and their readiness for active use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maooz Awan
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, UCL, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Iryna Buriak
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Roland Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, UCL, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Anatoliy Goltsev
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Julie Kerby
- Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapy, Royal Free London NHS FT & UCL, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Pavel Mericka
- Tissue Bank, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Yuri Petrenko
- Department of Biomaterials & Biophysical Methods, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Rogulska
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- University of Loughborough, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Holywell Park, Loughborough, UK
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, Hertfordshire, SG8 8HZ
- Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25–2 Beishuan West, Haidan District, 100190 Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells & Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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19
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Bahsoun S, Coopman K, Akam EC. The impact of cryopreservation on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review. J Transl Med 2019; 17:397. [PMID: 31783866 PMCID: PMC6883667 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an invaluable asset for the field of cell therapy. Human Bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) are one of the most commonly used cell types in clinical trials. They are currently being studied and tested for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and conditions. The future availability of MSCs therapies to the public will require a robust and reliable delivery process. Cryopreservation represents the gold standard in cell storage and transportation, but its effect on BM-MSCs is still not well established. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation on BM-MSCs and to attempt to uncover the reasons behind some of the controversial results reported in the literature. Forty-one in vitro studies were analysed, and their results organised according to the cell attributes they assess. It was concluded that cryopreservation does not affect BM-MSCs morphology, surface marker expression, differentiation or proliferation potential. However, mixed results exist regarding the effect on colony forming ability and the effects on viability, attachment and migration, genomic stability and paracrine function are undefined mainly due to the huge variabilities governing the cryopreservation process as a whole and to the lack of standardised assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bahsoun
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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20
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Nagai N, Iwai Y, Deguchi S, Otake H, Kanai K, Okamoto N, Shimomura Y. Therapeutic Potential of a Combination of Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles and Sericin for Epithelial Corneal Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050768. [PMID: 31109118 PMCID: PMC6567023 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously found the instillation of sericin to be useful as therapy for keratopathy with or without diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of solid magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (MHN) enhances epithelial corneal wound healing by sericin using rabbits, normal rats and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with debrided corneal epithelium (ex vivo and in vivo studies). Ophthalmic formulations containing sericin and MHN (N-Ser) were prepared using a bead mill method. The mean particle size of the N-Ser was 110.3 nm at the time of preparation, and 148.1 nm one month later. The instillation of N-Ser had no effect on the amount of lacrimal fluid in normal rabbits (in vivo), but the MHN in N-Ser was found to expand the intercellular space in ex vivo rat corneas. In addition, the instillation of N-Ser increased the phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK)1/2, a factor involved in cell adhesion and cell proliferation in the corneal epithelium, in comparison with the instillation of sericin alone. The combination with MHN enhanced epithelial corneal wound healing by sericin in rat debrided corneal epithelium (in vivo). This study provides significant information to prepare potent drugs to cure severe keratopathy, such as diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Iwai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Saori Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kitasato, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Norio Okamoto
- Okamoto Eye Clinic, 5-11-12-312 Izumicho, Suita, Osaka 564-0041, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Shimomura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuchu Hospital, 1-10-17 Hikocho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0076, Japan.
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21
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Zhang M, Cao TT, Wei ZG, Zhang YQ. Silk Sericin Hydrolysate is a Potential Candidate as a Serum-Substitute in the Culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary and Henrietta Lacks Cells. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5300249. [PMID: 30690536 PMCID: PMC6346402 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The silk sericin hydrolysate (SSH) from the waste of silk processing as a substitute of fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used for the culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Henrietta Lacks (Hela) strain of human cervical cancer cells. The survival ratio of these cells cultured in SSH media were similar to or higher than those in FBS media. Especially after the serum was replaced by low concentration of SSH at 15.0 μg/ml for 5 d, the proliferation of both cells was also similar to or higher than that of FBS group; the percentages of CHO and Hela cells in S-phase were 28.9 and 28.0%, respectively. The former is nearly two times that of FBS group, the latter is also higher than the control group. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that among the differentially expressed genes, the relative expression of CXCL12 gene of CHO cells in SSH group increased, was three times that of serum group, and the relative expression of LCN2 gene of Hela cells increased 2.8 times, indicating that these related genes were activated to promote cell growth and proliferation. These results fully illustrated the hydrolysated sericin has a potential use as serum substitutes in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng-Guo Wei
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
- Corresponding author, e-mail: (Y.-Q. Zhang)
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22
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Duan W, Lopez MJ, Hicok K. Adult multipotent stromal cell cryopreservation: Pluses and pitfalls. Vet Surg 2018; 47:19-29. [PMID: 29023790 PMCID: PMC5813167 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Study and clinical testing of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are central to progressive improvements in veterinary regenerative medicine. Inherent limitations to long-term culture preclude use for storage. Until cell line creation from primary isolates becomes routine, MSC stasis at cryogenic temperatures is required for this purpose. Many protocols and reagents, including cryoprotectants, used for veterinary MSCs are derived from those for human and rodent cells. Dissimilarities in cryopreservation strategies play a role in variable MSC behaviors. Familiarity with contemporary cryopreservation reagents and processes is essential to an appreciation of their impact on MSC survival and post-cryopreservation behavior. In addition to these points, this review includes a brief history and description of current veterinary stem cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Mandi J. Lopez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Kevin Hicok
- Research and Development, VetStem Biopharma IncPowayCalifornia
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23
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The potential of silk sericin protein as a serum substitute or an additive in cell culture and cryopreservation. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1029-1039. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Kunz RI, Brancalhão RMC, Ribeiro LDFC, Natali MRM. Silkworm Sericin: Properties and Biomedical Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8175701. [PMID: 27965981 PMCID: PMC5124675 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8175701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Silk sericin is a natural polymer produced by silkworm, Bombyx mori, which surrounds and keeps together two fibroin filaments in silk thread used in the cocoon. The recovery and reuse of sericin usually discarded by the textile industry not only minimizes environmental issues but also has a high scientific and commercial value. The physicochemical properties of the molecule are responsible for numerous applications in biomedicine and are influenced by the extraction method and silkworm lineage, which can lead to variations in molecular weight and amino acid concentration of sericin. The presence of highly hydrophobic amino acids and its antioxidant potential make it possible for sericin to be applied in the food and cosmetic industry. The moisturizing power allows indications as a therapeutic agent for wound healing, stimulating cell proliferation, protection against ultraviolet radiation, and formulating creams and shampoos. The antioxidant activity associated with low digestibility of sericin that expands the application in the medical field, such as antitumour, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, anticoagulant, acts in colon health, improving constipation and protects the body from obesity through improved plasma lipid profile. In addition, the properties of sericin allow its application as a culture medium and cryopreservation, in tissue engineering and for drug delivery, demonstrating its effective use, as an important biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Inês Kunz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rose Meire Costa Brancalhão
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Raquel Marçal Natali
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
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25
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Liu L, Wang J, Duan S, Chen L, Xiang H, Dong Y, Wang W. Systematic evaluation of sericin protein as a substitute for fetal bovine serum in cell culture. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31516. [PMID: 27531556 PMCID: PMC4987615 DOI: 10.1038/srep31516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) shows obvious deficiencies in cell culture, such as low batch to batch consistency, adventitious biological contaminant risk, and high cost, which severely limit the development of the cell culture industry. Sericin protein derived from the silkworm cocoon has become increasingly popular due to its diverse and beneficial cell culture characteristics. However, systematic evaluation of sericin as a substitute for FBS in cell culture medium remains limited. In this study, we conducted cellular morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic evaluation on three widely used mammalian cells. Compared with cells cultured in the control, those cultured in sericin-substitute medium showed similar cellular morphology, similar or higher cellular overall survival, lower population doubling time (PDT), and a higher percentage of S-phase with similar G2/G1 ratio, indicating comparable or better cell growth and proliferation. At the transcriptomic level, differentially expressed genes between cells in the two media were mainly enriched in function and biological processes related to cell growth and proliferation, reflecting that genes were activated to facilitate cell growth and proliferation. The results of this study suggest that cells cultured in sericin-substituted medium perform as well as, or even better than, those cultured in FBS-containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Shengchang Duan
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
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26
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Sahu N, Pal S, Sapru S, Kundu J, Talukdar S, Singh NI, Yao J, Kundu SC. Non-Mulberry and Mulberry Silk Protein Sericins as Potential Media Supplement for Animal Cell Culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7461041. [PMID: 27517047 PMCID: PMC4969515 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7461041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silk protein sericins, in the recent years, find application in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as biomaterials. We investigate the potential of sericin, extracted from both mulberry Bombyx mori and different non-mulberry sources, namely, tropical tasar, Antheraea mylitta; muga, Antheraea assama; and eri, Samia ricini, as growth supplement in serum-free culture medium. Sericin supplemented media containing different concentrations of sericins from the different species are examined for attachment, growth, proliferation, and morphology of fibrosarcoma cells. The optimum sericin supplementation seems to vary with the source of sericins. The results indicate that all the sericins promote the growth of L929 cells in serum-free culture media; however, S. ricini sericin seems to promote better growth of cells amongst other non-mulberry sericins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neety Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Shilpa Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sunaina Sapru
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Joydip Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - N. Ibotambi Singh
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam 785700, India
| | - Juming Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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27
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Yong KW, Wan Safwani WKZ, Xu F, Wan Abas WAB, Choi JR, Pingguan-Murphy B. Cryopreservation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Clinical Applications: Current Methods and Challenges. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 13:231-9. [PMID: 26280501 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold many advantages over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and other somatic cells in clinical applications. MSCs are multipotent cells with strong immunosuppressive properties. They can be harvested from various locations in the human body (e.g., bone marrow and adipose tissues). Cryopreservation represents an efficient method for the preservation and pooling of MSCs, to obtain the cell counts required for clinical applications, such as cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Upon cryopreservation, it is important to preserve MSCs functional properties including immunomodulatory properties and multilineage differentiation ability. Further, a biosafety evaluation of cryopreserved MSCs is essential prior to their clinical applications. However, the existing cryopreservation methods for MSCs are associated with notable limitations, leading to a need for new or improved methods to be established for a more efficient application of cryopreserved MSCs in stem cell-based therapies. We review the important parameters for cryopreservation of MSCs and the existing cryopreservation methods for MSCs. Further, we also discuss the challenges to be addressed in order to preserve MSCs effectively for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wey Yong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | | | - Feng Xu
- 2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China .,3 The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Hara J, Tottori J, Anders M, Dadhwal S, Asuri P, Mobed-Miremadi M. Trehalose effectiveness as a cryoprotectant in 2D and 3D cell cultures of human embryonic kidney cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:609-616. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1167698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Hara
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Tottori
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Megan Anders
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Smritee Dadhwal
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Prashanth Asuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
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29
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Eidet JR, Reppe S, Pasovic L, Olstad OK, Lyberg T, Khan AZ, Fostad IG, Chen DF, Utheim TP. The Silk-protein Sericin Induces Rapid Melanization of Cultured Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Activating the NF-κB Pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22671. [PMID: 26940175 PMCID: PMC4778122 DOI: 10.1038/srep22671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to prevent further loss of vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration represents a promising novel treatment modality. Development of RPE transplants, however, requires up to 3 months of cell differentiation. We explored whether the silk protein sericin can induce maturation of primary human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells. Microarray analysis demonstrated that sericin up-regulated RPE-associated transcripts (RPE65 and CRALBP). Upstream analysis identified the NF-κB pathway as one of the top sericin-induced regulators. ELISA confirmed that sericin stimulates the main NF-κB pathway. Increased levels of RPE-associated proteins (RPE65 and the pigment melanin) in the sericin-supplemented cultures were confirmed by western blot, spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. Sericin also increased cell density and reduced cell death following serum starvation in culture. Inclusion of NF-κB agonists and antagonists in the culture medium showed that activation of the NF-κB pathway appears to be necessary, but not sufficient, for sericin-induced RPE pigmentation. We conclude that sericin promotes pigmentation of cultured primary hRPE cells by activating the main NF-κB pathway. Sericin’s potential role in culture protocols for rapid differentiation of hRPE cells derived from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Eidet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Pasovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O K Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Lyberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Z Khan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I G Fostad
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D F Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - T P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Yong KW, Choi JR, Wan Safwani WKZ. Biobanking of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Future Strategy to Facilitate Clinical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:99-110. [PMID: 27837557 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a type of adult stem cells that hold great potential in clinical applications (e.g., regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy) due to their ability to differentiate into multiple types of specialized cells and secrete soluble factors which can initiate tissue repair and regulate immune response. hMSCs need to be expanded in vitro or cryopreserved to obtain sufficient cell numbers required for clinical applications. However, long-term in vitro culture-expanded hMSCs may raise some biosafety concerns (e.g., chromosomal abnormality and malignant transformation) and compromised functional properties, limiting their use in clinical applications. To avoid those adverse effects, it is essential to cryopreserve hMSCs at early passage and pool them for off-the-shelf use in clinical applications. However, the existing cryopreservation methods for hMSCs have some notable limitations. To address these limitations, several approaches have to be taken in order to produce healthy and efficacious cryopreserved hMSCs for clinical trials, which remains challenging to date. Therefore, a noteworthy amount of resources has been utilized in research in optimization of the cryopreservation methods, development of freezing devices, and formulation of cryopreservation media to ensure that hMSCs maintain their therapeutic characteristics without raising biosafety concerns following cryopreservation. Biobanking of hMSCs would be a crucial strategy to facilitate clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wey Yong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Kamarul Zaman Wan Safwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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