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Lopez-Perez D, Prados-Lopez B, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo A. Eosinophils in Colorectal Cancer: Emerging Insights into Anti-Tumoral Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6098. [PMID: 38892286 PMCID: PMC11172675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are myeloid effector cells whose main homing is the gastrointestinal tract. There, they take part in type I and type II immune responses. They also contribute to other non-immunological homeostatic functions like mucus production, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), eosinophils locate in the center of the tumor and in the front of invasion and play an anti-tumoral role. They directly kill tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic compounds and eosinophil extracellular traps or indirectly by activating other immune cells via cytokines. As CRC progresses, the number of infiltrating eosinophils decreases. Although this phenomenon is not fully understood, it is known that some changes in the microenvironmental milieu and microbiome can affect eosinophil infiltration. Importantly, a high number of intratumoral eosinophils is a favorable prognostic factor independent from the tumor stage. Moreover, after immunotherapy, responding patients usually display eosinophilia, so eosinophils could be a good biomarker candidate to monitor treatment outcomes. Finally, even though eosinophils seem to play an interesting anti-tumoral role in CRC, much more research is needed to fully understand their interactions in the CRC microenvironment. This review explores the multifaceted roles of eosinophils in colorectal cancer, highlighting their anti-tumoral effects, prognostic significance, and potential as a biomarker for treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Belen Prados-Lopez
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Su M, Wen X, Yu Y, Li N, Li X, Qu X, Elsabahy M, Gao H. Engineering lauric acid-based nanodrug delivery systems for restoring chemosensitivity and improving biocompatibility of 5-FU and OxPt against Fn-associated colorectal tumor. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3947-3958. [PMID: 38586917 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs in the colorectum and ranks second in the global incidence of all cancers, accounting for one of the highest mortalities. Although the combination chemotherapy regimen of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and platinum(IV) oxaliplatin prodrug (OxPt) is an effective strategy for CRC treatment in clinical practice, chemotherapy resistance caused by tumor-resided Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) could result in treatment failure. To enhance the efficacy and improve the biocompatibility of combination chemotherapy, we developed an antibacterial-based nanodrug delivery system for Fn-associated CRC treatment. A tumor microenvironment-activated nanomedicine 5-FU-LA@PPL was constructed by the self-assembly of chemotherapeutic drug derivatives 5-FU-LA and polymeric drug carrier PPL. PPL is prepared by conjugating lauric acid (LA) and OxPt to hyperbranched polyglycidyl ether. In principle, LA is used to selectively combat Fn, inhibit autophagy in CRC cells, restore chemosensitivity of 5-FU as well as OxPt, and consequently enhance the combination chemotherapy effects for Fn-associated drug-resistant colorectal tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo studies exhibited that the tailored nanomedicine possessed efficient antibacterial and anti-tumor activities with improved biocompatibility and reduced non-specific toxicity. Hence, this novel anti-tumor strategy has great potential in the combination chemotherapy of CRC, which suggests a clinically relevant valuable option for bacteria-associated drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Yunjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Ham H, Park T. Combining p-values from various statistical methods for microbiome data. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990870. [PMID: 36439799 PMCID: PMC9686280 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION In the field of microbiome analysis, there exist various statistical methods that have been developed for identifying differentially expressed features, that account for the overdispersion and the high sparsity of microbiome data. However, due to the differences in statistical models or test formulations, it is quite often to have inconsistent significance results across statistical methods, that makes it difficult to determine the importance of microbiome taxa. Thus, it is practically important to have the integration of the result from all statistical methods to determine the importance of microbiome taxa. A standard meta-analysis is a powerful tool for integrative analysis and it provides a summary measure by combining p-values from various statistical methods. While there are many meta-analyses available, it is not easy to choose the best meta-analysis that is the most suitable for microbiome data. RESULTS In this study, we investigated which meta-analysis method most adequately represents the importance of microbiome taxa. We considered Fisher's method, minimum value of p method, Simes method, Stouffer's method, Kost method, and Cauchy combination test. Through simulation studies, we showed that Cauchy combination test provides the best combined value of p in the sense that it performed the best among the examined methods while controlling the type 1 error rates. Furthermore, it produced high rank similarity with the true ranks. Through the real data application of colorectal cancer microbiome data, we demonstrated that the most highly ranked microbiome taxa by Cauchy combination test have been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjung Ham
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Departement of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Magneto-Fluorescent Mesoporous Nanocarriers for the Dual-Delivery of Ofloxacin and Doxorubicin to Tackle Opportunistic Bacterial Infections in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012287. [PMID: 36293142 PMCID: PMC9603674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related opportunistic bacterial infections are one major barrier for successful clinical therapies, often correlated to the production of genotoxic factors and higher cancer incidence. Although dual anticancer and antimicrobial therapies are a growing therapeutic fashion, they still fall short when it comes to specific delivery and local action in in vivo systems. Nanoparticles are seen as potential therapeutic vectors, be it by means of their intrinsic antibacterial properties and effective delivery capacity, or by means of their repeatedly reported modulation and maneuverability. Herein we report on the production of a biocompatible, antimicrobial magneto-fluorescent nanosystem (NANO3) for the delivery of a dual doxorubicin-ofloxacin formulation against cancer-related bacterial infections. The drug delivery capacity, rendered by its mesoporous silica matrix, is confirmed by the high loading capacity and stimuli-driven release of both drugs, with preference for tumor-like acidic media. The pH-dependent emission of its surface fluorescent SiQDs, provides an insight into NANO3 surface behavior and pore availability, with the SiQDs working as pore gates. Hyperthermia induces heat generation to febrile temperatures, doubling drug release. NANO3-loaded systems demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity, specifically after the application of hyperthermia conditions. NANO3 structure and antimicrobial properties confirm their potential use in a future dual anticancer and antimicrobial therapeutical vector, due to their drug loading capacity and their surface availability for further modification with bioactive, targeting species.
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The OmpA of commensal Escherichia coli of CRC patients affects apoptosis of the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:139. [PMID: 35590263 PMCID: PMC9118694 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks third globally among all types of cancers. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of people with CRC is one of the effective agents in the tumorigenesis and metastasis in this type of cancer. The population of Escherichia coli strains, a component of gut microbiota, is increased in the gut of people with CRC compared with healthy people. So, E.coli strains isolated from these patients may have a role in tumorigenesis. Because the most isolated strains belong to the B2 phylogenuetic group, there seems to be a linkage between the bacterium components and malignancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, the proteomic comparison between isolated Ecoli from CRC patients and healthy people was assayed. The isolated spot was studied by Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results showed that the expression of Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) protein increased in the commensal E.coli B2 phylogenetic group isolated from CRC patients. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of the OmpA protein on the expression of the four genes related to apoptosis in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. RESULTS This study identified that OmpA protein was overexpressed in the commensal E.coli B2 phylogenetic group isolated from CRC patients compared to the E.coli from the control group. This protein significantly decreased the expression of Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic genes, as well as the expression of P53 in the HCT116 Cell Line, P < 0.0001. LC-MS and protein bioinformatics results confirmed that this protein is outer membrane protein A, which can bind to nucleic acid and some of the organelle proteins on the eukaryotic cell surface. CONCLUSIONS According to our invitro and insilico investigations, OmpA of gut E.coli strains that belong to the B2 phylogenetic group can affect the eukaryotic cell cycle.
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Mahapatra S, Mohanty S, Mishra R, Prasad P. An overview of cancer and the human microbiome. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 191:83-139. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Malik S, Prasad S, Kishore S, Kumar A, Upadhyay V. A perspective review on impact and molecular mechanism of environmental carcinogens on human health. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:178-207. [PMID: 34672914 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1991715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all around the world. It is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells leading to severe health conditions and fatality if remains undiagnosed till later stages. Cancer can be caused due to mutation or sudden alterations by effect of certain external agents. Agents that can cause sudden alterations in the genetic content of an individual are known as mutagens. Mutations can lead to permanent changes in the genetic constituency of an individual and possibly lead to cancer. Mutagenic agents that possess the capacity to induce cancer in humans are called carcinogens. Carcinogens may be naturally present in the environment or generated by anthropogenic activities. However, with the progress in molecular techniques, genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis of a wide range of carcinogens have been elucidated. Present review aims to discuss different types of environmental carcinogens and their respective mechanisms responsible for inducing cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Mahe), Manipal, India
| | - Vineet Upadhyay
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India
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8
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Wang F, Song M, Lu X, Zhu X, Deng J. Gut microbes in gastrointestinal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:967-975. [PMID: 33812983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes (GMs), dominated by bacteria, play important roles in many physiological processes. The structures and functions of GMs are closely related to human health, the occurrence and development of diseases and the rapid recovery of the body. Gastrointestinal cancers are the major diseases affecting human health worldwide. With the development of metagenomic technology and the wide application of new generation sequencing technology, a large number of studies suggest that complex GMs are related to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal cancers. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics can treat and prevent the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers. This article reviews the latest research progress of microbes in gastrointestinal cancers from the perspectives of the correlation, the influence mechanism and the application, so as to provide new directions for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiya Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiali Deng
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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9
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Sayed IM, El-Hafeez AAA, Maity PP, Das S, Ghosh P. Modeling colorectal cancers using multidimensional organoids. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 151:345-383. [PMID: 34148617 PMCID: PMC8221168 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Organoids have revolutionized cancer research as highly adaptable models that enable an array of experimental techniques to interrogate tissue morphology and function. Because they preserve the genetic, phenotypic, and behavioral traits of their source tissue, organoids have gained traction as the most relevant models for drug discovery, tracking therapeutic response and for personalized medicine. As organoids are indisputably becoming a mainstay of cancer research, this review specifically addresses how colon-derived organoids can be perfected as multidimensional, scalable, reproducible models of healthy, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions of the colon and for use in high-throughput "Phase-0" human clinical trials-in-a-dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Priti P Maity
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States; HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
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Mishra R, Rajsiglová L, Lukáč P, Tenti P, Šima P, Čaja F, Vannucci L. Spontaneous and Induced Tumors in Germ-Free Animals: A General Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030260. [PMID: 33799911 PMCID: PMC8002107 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, bacteria, and immunity relationships are much-debated topics in the last decade. Microbiome’s importance for metabolic and immunologic modulation of the organism adaptation and responses has become progressively evident, and models to study these relationships, especially about carcinogenesis, have acquired primary importance. The availability of germ-free (GF) animals, i.e., animals born and maintained under completely sterile conditions avoiding the microbiome development offers a unique tool to investigate the role that bacteria can have in carcinogenesis and tumor development. The comparison between GF animals with the conventional (CV) counterpart with microbiome can help to evidence conditions and mechanisms directly involving bacterial activities in the modulation of carcinogenesis processes. Here, we review the literature about spontaneous cancer and cancer modeling in GF animals since the early studies, trying to offer a practical overview on the argument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbardhan Mishra
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
| | - Lenka Rajsiglová
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Lukáč
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Tenti
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Šima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
| | - Fabián Čaja
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-024-106-2394
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Coleman OI, Haller D. Microbe-Mucus Interface in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040616. [PMID: 33557139 PMCID: PMC7913824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlying gastrointestinal epithelial cells is the transparent mucus layer that separates the lumen from the host. The dynamic mucus layer serves to lubricate the mucosal surface, to protect underlying epithelial cells, and as a transport medium between luminal contents and epithelial cells. Furthermore, it provides a habitat for commensal bacteria and signals to the underlying immune system. Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins, and their glycocode is tissue-specific and closely linked to the resident microbiota. Aberrant mucin expression and glycosylation are linked to chronic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant mucus production compromises the mucus layer and allows bacteria to come into close contact with the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering unfavorable host responses and the subsequent development of tumors. Here, we review our current understanding of the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and mucus in healthy and CRC subjects. Deep knowledge of the intricate mechanisms of microbe-mucus interactions may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies for CRC, in which a dysfunctional mucus layer is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-08161-71-2375
| | - Dirk Haller
- Department of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Galliamov EA, Agapov MA, Mal’kov PG, Markaryan DR, Danilova NV, Kakotkin VV, Kazachenko EA, Lukyanov AM, Oleynikova NA, Kubyshkin VA. PARASITIC ABSCESS AS AN INCIDENTAL HISTOLOGICAL FINDING IN THE TREATMENT OF SIGMOID COLON CANCER. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.38181/2223-2427-2020-3-53-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: A high worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer defines the importance of search not only for effective treatment methods, but also for risk factors for the cancer development and its worst prognosis. The influence of many genetic factors, environmental characteristics and lifestyle features has already been proven, and recently the attention of researchers is being focused on the study of microbiota and, in particular, various parasitic intestinal diseases in the context of risk factors for colorectal cancer.Clinical case presentation: we demonstrate an incidental finding of parasitic invasion signs during the pathomorphological examination of the surgical specimen in a patient without an epidemiological history.Conclusion: Further studies are needed not only to confirm and substantiate the role of micro- and macroorganisms inhabiting the intestine in the development of oncological diseases, but also to identify individual links of pathogenesis, pathological pathways and signaling molecules involved in carcinogenesis. Research like this could help broaden knowledge about both the risk factors and predictors of colorectal cancer and the potential sites for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Galliamov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU); Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - M. A. Agapov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - P. G. Mal’kov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - D. R. Markaryan
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - N. V. Danilova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - V. V. Kakotkin
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - E. A. Kazachenko
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - A. M. Lukyanov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - N. A. Oleynikova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - V. A. Kubyshkin
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
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13
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Søgaard KK, Veres K, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, Vandenbroucke JP, Sørensen HT, Schønheyder HC. Community-Acquired Escherichia coli Bacteremia after Age 50 and Subsequent Incidence of a Cancer Diagnosis: A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2626-2632. [PMID: 32998944 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) with Escherichia coli may signal occult cancer. This might differ between phylogenetic groups. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study in northern Denmark (1994-2013) to examine whether E. coli CAB after age 50 is associated with incident cancer. We followed patients from their bacteremia diagnosis date to identify subsequent gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and urinary tract cancer diagnoses. We calculated 1- and 5-year cumulative cancer incidence. We compared the observed incidence with that expected based on national cancer incidence rates, and computed standardized incidence ratios (SIR) at 0-<1 year and ≥1 year. In a subcohort, we assessed the prevalence of phylogenetic groups. RESULTS Among 2,735 patients with E. coli CAB, 173 later were diagnosed with cancer. The 1-year cumulative incidence of a gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary tract cancer was 1.9%, and the 0-<1-year SIR was 5.44 [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.06-7.14]. For urinary tract cancer, the corresponding estimates were 1.0% and 3.41 (95% CI, 2.27-4.93). All individual cancers occurred more often than expected during the first year following E. coli CAB, but thereafter the relative risks declined toward unity. Still, the ≥1-year SIR for colorectal cancer remained 1.4-fold elevated, and the SIR for liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and biliary tract cancer was 2-fold elevated. The prevalence of phylogenetic groups was similar among patients with and without cancer. CONCLUSIONS Gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and urinary tract cancer may debut with E. coli CAB. IMPACT Owing to the high incidence of E. coli bacteremia, cancers missed at the time of bacteremia diagnosis represent a clinically significant problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine K Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katalin Veres
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jan P Vandenbroucke
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik C Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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14
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Cheng WT, Kantilal HK, Davamani F. The Mechanism of Bacteroides fragilis Toxin Contributes to Colon Cancer Formation. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:9-21. [PMID: 32863742 PMCID: PMC7444842 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) produce biofilm for colonisation in the intestinal tract can cause a series of inflammatory reactions due to B. fragilis toxin (BFT) which can lead to chronic intestinal inflammation and tissue injury and play a crucial role leading to colorectal cancer (CRC). The enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) forms biofilm and produce toxin and play a role in CRC, whereas the non-toxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) does not produce toxin. The ETBF triggers the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 that releases PGE2 for inducing inflammation and control cell proliferation. From chronic intestinal inflammation to cancer development, it involves signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 activation. STAT3 activates by the interaction between epithelial cells and BFT. Thus, regulatory T-cell (Tregs) will activates and reduce interleukin (IL)-2 amount. As the level of IL-2 drops, T-helper (Th17) cells are generated leading to increase in IL-17 levels. IL-17 is implicated in early intestinal inflammation and promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation and consequently triggers IL-6 production that activate STAT3 pathway. Additionally, BFT degrades E-cadherin, hence alteration of signalling pathways can upregulate spermine oxidase leading to cell morphology and promote carcinogenesis and irreversible DNA damage. Patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) disease displays a high level of tumour load in the colon. This disease is caused by germline mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that increases bacterial adherence to the mucosa layer. Mutated-APC gene genotype with ETBF increases the chances of CRC development. Therefore, the colonisation of the ETBF in the intestinal tract depicts tumour aetiology can result in risk of hostility and effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Teng Cheng
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haresh Kumar Kantilal
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabian Davamani
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Sanyaolu LN, Oakley NJ, Nurmatov U, Dolwani S, Ahmed H. Antibiotic exposure and the risk of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:858-870. [PMID: 31802593 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, and evidence suggests that maladaptation of the bowel microbiome may be associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Consumption of antibiotics may cause imbalance of the bowel microbiome but research assessing an association between antibiotic exposure and CRC is inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to appraise and synthesize the available evidence. METHOD The MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for published observational studies. We included eight studies of 3 408 312 patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the odds of CRC following antibiotic exposure were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed according to exposure definition, study design and risk of bias. RESULTS A weak association between antibiotic exposure and CRC was demonstrated when exposure was assessed cumulatively by the number of prescriptions (OR 1.204, 95% CI 1.097-1.322, P < 0.001) or duration of antibiotic exposure (OR 1.168, 95% CI 1.087-1.256, P < 0.001). Antibiotic exposure assessed as a binary variable demonstrated no association with CRC. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a weak association between cumulative antibiotic consumption and risk of CRC but no causal conclusions can be made. Limitations include the heterogeneity and quality of the available research, particularly with regard to measurement of antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Sanyaolu
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - N J Oakley
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - U Nurmatov
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Dolwani
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - H Ahmed
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Garza DR, Taddese R, Wirbel J, Zeller G, Boleij A, Huynen MA, Dutilh BE. Metabolic models predict bacterial passengers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 32055399 PMCID: PMC7008539 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex multifactorial disease. Increasing evidence suggests that the microbiome is involved in different stages of CRC initiation and progression. Beyond specific pro-oncogenic mechanisms found in pathogens, metagenomic studies indicate the existence of a microbiome signature, where particular bacterial taxa are enriched in the metagenomes of CRC patients. Here, we investigate to what extent the abundance of bacterial taxa in CRC metagenomes can be explained by the growth advantage resulting from the presence of specific CRC metabolites in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS We composed lists of metabolites and bacteria that are enriched on CRC samples by reviewing metabolomics experimental literature and integrating data from metagenomic case-control studies. We computationally evaluated the growth effect of CRC enriched metabolites on over 1500 genome-based metabolic models of human microbiome bacteria. We integrated the metabolomics data and the mechanistic models by using scores that quantify the response of bacterial biomass production to CRC-enriched metabolites and used these scores to rank bacteria as potential CRC passengers. RESULTS We found that metabolic networks of bacteria that are significantly enriched in CRC metagenomic samples either depend on metabolites that are more abundant in CRC samples or specifically benefit from these metabolites for biomass production. This suggests that metabolic alterations in the cancer environment are a major component shaping the CRC microbiome. CONCLUSION Here, we show with in sillico models that supplementing the intestinal environment with CRC metabolites specifically predicts the outgrowth of CRC-associated bacteria. We thus mechanistically explain why a range of CRC passenger bacteria are associated with CRC, enhancing our understanding of this disease. Our methods are applicable to other microbial communities, since it allows the systematic investigation of how shifts in the microbiome can be explained from changes in the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Garza
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahwa Taddese
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB Netherlands
| | - Jakob Wirbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sience4Life, Utrecht University, Hugo R. Kruytgebouw, Room Z-509, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Tumors of Epithelial Origin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1224:63-77. [PMID: 32036605 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T lymphocytes that circulate in blood and also reside in mucosal tissues. Blood MAIT cells are typically highly Th1-polarized, while those in mucosal tissues include both Th1- and Th17-polarized subsets. MAIT cells mount cytokine and cytolytic responses as a result of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of microbially derived metabolites of riboflavin (vitamin B2) presented by the MR1 antigen-presenting molecule. Additionally, MAIT cells can be activated by inflammatory cytokines produced by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that have been exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Since the antigenic metabolites of riboflavin recognized by MAIT cells are produced by many microorganisms, including pathogens as well as non-pathogenic colonists, the inflammatory state of the tissue may be a key feature that determines the nature of MAIT cell responses. Under normal conditions where inflammatory cytokines are not produced, MAIT cell responses to microbial metabolites may simply serve to help maintain a healthy balance between epithelial cells and microbial colonists. In contrast, in situations where inflammatory cytokines are produced (e.g., pathogenic infection or damage to epithelial tissue), MAIT cell responses may be more potently pro-inflammatory. Since chronic inflammation and microbial drivers are associated with tumorigenesis and also trigger MAIT cell responses, the nexus of MAIT cells, local microbiomes, and epithelial cells may play an important role in epithelial carcinogenesis. This chapter reviews current information about MAIT cells and epithelial tumors, where the balance of evidence suggests that enrichment of Th17-polarized MAIT cells at tumor sites associates with poor patient prognosis. Studying the role of MAIT cells and their interactions with resident microbes offers a novel view of the biology of epithelial tumor progression and may ultimately lead to new approaches to target MAIT cells clinically.
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18
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Lee SA, Liu F, Riordan SM, Lee CS, Zhang L. Global Investigations of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:566. [PMID: 31334107 PMCID: PMC6618585 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and second in terms of mortality. Emerging evidence from recent studies suggests a potential role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the development of CRC. In this article, we review studies from different geographical regions examining the association between F. nucleatum and CRC, the detection methods and the tumorigenic mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical impact of F. nucleatum in CRC and suggest future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul A Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheok S Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Guven DC, Dizdar O, Alp A, Akdoğan Kittana FN, Karakoc D, Hamaloglu E, Lacin S, Karakas Y, Kilickap S, Hayran M, Yalcin S. Analysis of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gallolyticus in saliva of colorectal cancer patients. Biomark Med 2019; 13:725-735. [PMID: 31157977 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence and amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg) in the saliva of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and controls. Methods: PCR analyses performed in 71 CRC patients and 77 controls. Results: Saliva samples of patients had higher amounts of Fn (p = 0.001) and Sg (p < 0.001) compared with controls. Amount of Fn and Sg were lower in the microsatellite instability (+) group. Evaluation of salivary Sg amount by receiver operating characteristics analysis found to have diagnostic value for CRC (AUC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.96). Conclusion: We found higher amounts of Fn and Sg in the saliva of CRC patients. Salivary Sg could helpful in distinction of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Omer Dizdar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Alp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | | | - Derya Karakoc
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Erhan Hamaloglu
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Sahin Lacin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Karakas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
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20
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Bifidobacteria and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells: A New Approach to Colorectal Cancer Prevention? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most preventable form of cancer worldwide. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer includes gut inflammation, genetic and microbial composition factors. İmpairment of the gut microbiota has been associated with development of colorectal cancer. The genus Bifidobacterium is an important component of the commensal gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria are considered to have important roles in multiple homeostatic functions: immunologic, hormonal and metabolic. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are components of the immune system involved in protection against infectious pathogens and regulate the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and, potentially, colorectal cancer. Engagement between Bifidobacterium and MAIT cells could exert a beneficial effect on colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.
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21
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Panebianco C, Potenza A, Andriulli A, Pazienza V. Exploring the microbiota to better understand gastrointestinal cancers physiology. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1400-1412. [PMID: 29630505 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers account for around 40% of cancer-related deaths worldwide, representing a global health burden. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the link between microbiota and gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and/or resistance to therapy. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the published studies on the relationship between the microbiota and the different gastrointestinal tumors, namely, gastric, colorectal and esophageal, including also the cancer of accessory organs such as liver and pancreas. There is an emergent interest in the manipulation of gastrointestinal microflora in order to understand the gastrointestinal tumorigenesis' processes and the establishment of chemoresistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Adele Potenza
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy, Phone: +39-0882.416281, Fax: +39-0882.410271
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22
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Pearson T, Caporaso JG, Yellowhair M, Bokulich NA, Padi M, Roe DJ, Wertheim BC, Linhart M, Martinez JA, Bilagody C, Hornstra H, Alberts DS, Lance P, Thompson PA. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on the gut microbiome and colorectal adenoma development. Cancer Med 2019; 8:617-628. [PMID: 30652422 PMCID: PMC6382922 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously reported that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a therapeutic bile acid, reduced risk for advanced colorectal adenoma in men but not women. Interactions between the gut microbiome and fecal bile acid composition as a factor in colorectal cancer neoplasia have been postulated but evidence is limited to small cohorts and animal studies. Using banked stool samples collected as part of a phase III randomized clinical trial of UDCA for the prevention of colorectal adenomatous polyps, we compared change in the microbiome composition after a 3-year intervention in a subset of participants randomized to oral UDCA at 8-10 mg/kg of body weight per day (n = 198) or placebo (n = 203). Study participants randomized to UDCA experienced compositional changes in their microbiome that were statistically more similar to other individuals in the UDCA arm than to those in the placebo arm. This reflected a UDCA-associated shift in microbial community composition (P < 0.001), independent of sex, with no evidence of a UDCA effect on microbial richness (P > 0.05). These UDCA-associated shifts in microbial community distance metrics from baseline to end-of-study were not associated with risk of any or advanced adenoma (all P > 0.05) in men or women. Separate analyses of microbial networks revealed an overrepresentation of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the post-UDCA arm and an inverse relationship between F prausnitzii and Ruminococcus gnavus. In men who received UDCA, the overrepresentation of F prausnitzii and underrepresentation of R gnavus were more prominent in those with no adenoma recurrence at follow-up compared to men with recurrence. This relationship was not observed in women. Daily UDCA use modestly influences the relative abundance of microbial species in stool and affects the microbial network composition with suggestive evidence for sex-specific effects of UDCA on stool microbial community composition as a modifier of colorectal adenoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talima Pearson
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - J. Gregory Caporaso
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - Monica Yellowhair
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | | | - Megha Padi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Betsy C. Wertheim
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Mark Linhart
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - Jessica A. Martinez
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Cherae Bilagody
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - Heidie Hornstra
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - David S. Alberts
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Peter Lance
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Patricia A. Thompson
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- Stony Brook School of MedicineStony BrookNew York
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23
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Bozkurt HS, Quigley EM, Kara B. Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis engineered to produce mycosporin-like amino acids in colorectal cancer prevention. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119825784. [PMID: 30719295 PMCID: PMC6348500 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119825784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The pathogensesis of colorectal cancer involves a multi-step and multi-factorial process. Disruption of the gut microbiota has been associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer. The genus Bifidobacterium is considered an important component of the commensal microbiota and plays important roles in several homeostatic functions: immune, neurohormonal, and metabolic. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is a well-documented probiotic within the species Bifidobacterium. Mycosporin-like amino acids are low molecular weight amino acids demonstrated to exert prebiotic effects and to modulate host immunity by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as cytokine production.Their modulation of the metabolism of the immune system and transcription factors could exert a beneficial effect on colorectal cancer. B. animalis does not produce mycosporin-like amino acids. If one could create a B. animalis–producing mycosporin-like amino acids via genetic open reading frame engineering it should exert more potent immuno-stimulatory properties and, thereby, become a potent strain-specific microbial based therapy in colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eamonn Mm Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banu Kara
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Adana Numune Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
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24
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Weng W, Guo B, Cai G, Ma Y, Cai S. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil by upregulation of BIRC3 expression in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:14. [PMID: 30630498 PMCID: PMC6327560 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests a potential relationship between gut microbiota and the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs including 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been linked to the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, little was known about the relationship between Fn infection and chemotherapeutic efficacy. Here, we investigate the potential relationship between Fn infection and chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-Fu in CRC. Methods Differentially expressed genes of CRC cell lines induced by Fn infection were analyzed based on a whole genome microarray analysis Then, we explored the relationship between upregulation of BIRC3 induced by Fn infection and chemoresistance to 5-Fu in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we dissected the mechanisms involved in Fn-induced BIRC3 expression. Finally, we investigated the clinical relevance of Fn infection, BIRC3 protein expression and chemoresistance to 5-Fu treatment in CRC patients. Results BIRC3 was the most upregulated gene induced by Fn infection via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in CRC cells; Fn infection reduced the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-Fu through upregulation of BIRC3 in vitro and in vivo. High Fn abundance correlated with chemoresistance in advanced CRC patients who received standard 5-Fu-based adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery. Conclusions Our evidence suggests that Fn and BIRC3 may serve as promising therapeutic targets for reducing chemoresistance to 5-Fu treatment in advanced CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0985-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Guo
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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25
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Al Hinai EA, Kullamethee P, Rowland IR, Swann J, Walton GE, Commane DM. Modelling the role of microbial p-cresol in colorectal genotoxicity. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:398-411. [PMID: 30359553 PMCID: PMC6546321 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1534514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A greater understanding of mechanisms explaining the interactions between diet and the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer is desirable. Genotoxic microbial metabolites present in the colon may be implicated in carcinogenesis and potentially influenced by diet. Aims: We hypothesised that microbial p-cresol is a colonic genotoxin and set out to model potential exposures in the colon and the effects of these exposures on colonic cells. Methods: Batch culture fermentations with human faecal inoculate were used to determine the synthesis of p-cresol and other metabolites in response to various substrates. The fermentation supernatants were evaluated for genotoxicity and the independent effects of p-cresol on colonic cells were studied in vitro. Results: In batch culture fermentation, supplementary protein increased the synthesis of phenols, indoles and p-cresol, whereas supplementary fructoligosaccharide (FOS) increased the synthesis of short chain fatty acids. The p-cresol was the greatest predictor of genotoxicity against colonocytes in the fermentation supernatants. Spiking fermentation supernatants with exogenous p-cresol further increased DNA damage, and independently p-cresol induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner against HT29 and Caco-2 cells and influenced cell cycle kinetics. Conclusions: In the colon p-cresol may reach physiologically significant concentrations which contribute to genotoxic exposures in the intestinal lumen, p-cresol production may be attenuated by substrate, and therefore diet, making it a potential modifiable biomarker of genotoxicity in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Abdulla Al Hinai
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK,Dietetics Department, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Piyarach Kullamethee
- Department of innovation and technology of product development, Faculty of Agro-industry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Prachinburi, Thailand
| | - Ian R. Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma E. Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Daniel M. Commane
- Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK,CONTACT Daniel M. Commane Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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26
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Zhang WQ, Zhao SK, Luo JW, Dong XP, Hao YT, Li H, Shan L, Zhou Y, Shi HB, Zhang ZY, Peng CL, Zhao XG. Alterations of fecal bacterial communities in patients with lung cancer. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3171-3185. [PMID: 30416659 PMCID: PMC6220220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the microbiome may affect a number of diseases, including lung cancer. However, the direct relationship between gut bacteria and lung cancer remains uncharacterized. In this study, we directly sequenced the hypervariable V1-V2 regions of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples from patients with lung cancer and healthy volunteers. Unweighted principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed a clear difference in the bacterial community membership between the lung cancer group and the healthy control group. The lung cancer group had remarkably higher levels of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Lentisphaerae but dramatically lower levels of Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia than the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Despite significant interindividual variation, eight predominant genera were significantly different between the two groups. The lung cancer group had higher levels of Bacteroides, Veillonella, and Fusobacterium but lower levels of Escherichia-Shigella, Kluyvera, Fecalibacterium, Enterobacter, and Dialister than the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Most notably, correlations between certain specific bacteria and serum inflammatory biomarkers were identified. Our findings demonstrated an altered bacterial community in patients with lung cancer, providing a significant step in understanding the relationship between gut bacteria and lung cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the correlations between certain specific bacteria and inflammatory indicators. To better understand this relationship, further studies should investigate the underlying mechanisms of gut bacteria in lung cancer animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Quan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Kang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Wen Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Peng Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Tao Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
| | - Hu-Bo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Chest HospitalJinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zai-Yun Zhang
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Liang Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, P. R. China
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27
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Colonetti K, Roesch LF, Schwartz IVD. The microbiome and inborn errors of metabolism: Why we should look carefully at their interplay? Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:515-532. [PMID: 30235399 PMCID: PMC6136378 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the influence of the microbiome on the human body has been shedding new light on diseases long known to be multifactorial, such as obesity, mood disorders, autism, and inflammatory bowel disease. Although inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are monogenic diseases, genotype alone is not enough to explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in patients with these conditions. Genetics and diet exert a strong influence on the microbiome, and diet is used (alone or as an adjuvant) in the treatment of many IEMs. This review will describe how the effects of the microbiome on the host can interfere with IEM phenotypes through interactions with organs such as the liver and brain, two of the structures most commonly affected by IEMs. The relationships between treatment strategies for some IEMs and the microbiome will also be addressed. Studies on the microbiome and its influence in individuals with IEMs are still incipient, but are of the utmost importance to elucidating the phenotypic variety observed in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Colonetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Roesch
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biotechnology-CIP-Biotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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28
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Toychiev A, Abdujapparov S, Imamov A, Navruzov B, Davis N, Badalova N, Osipova S. Intestinal helminths and protozoan infections in patients with colorectal cancer: prevalence and possible association with cancer pathogenesis. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3715-3723. [PMID: 30220046 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths and protozoa in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to evaluate the possible association between the prevalence and CRC pathogenesis. A total of 200 CRC patients and 200 residents of Tashkent, who had no complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract, were examined by triple coproscopy using a concentration method and estimations of protozoan infection intensity. Of the CRC patients tested, 144 were classified as T1-4N0M0 (without metastases) and 56 were classified as T1-4N1-2M0-1 (with metastases). Parasitological examination was performed during CRC diagnosis before and after surgery and chemotherapy. A significantly higher prevalence of Blastocystis sp., Chilomastix mesnili, Jodamoeba butschlii, and Endolimax nana was found in CRC patients than in the control population (p < 0.0001), amounting to 80, 20, 22.5, and 11.5%, respectively. The high prevalence of Blastocystis sp., as well as the patterns of infection intensity, was stable at all stages of examination. The ratio of the number of CRC patients with and without Blastocystis sp. in the T1-4N0M0 and T1-4N1-2M0-1 groups amounted to 3.3 and 7.0, respectively. The ratios for C. mesnili, E. coli, J. butschlii, and E. nana in both groups were 0.2 and 0.2, 0.07 and 0.07, 0.3 and 0.16, and 0.18 and 0.01, respectively. The prevalence of helminths and Giardia lamblia in CRC patients and the control population was not significantly different. Taken together, these data indicate a possible role for Blastocystis sp. in CRC pathogenesis. Diagnosis, treatment, and further observation of patients with Blastocystis sp. are necessary at all stages of CRC, including during diagnosis and before and after surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurakhim Toychiev
- Department of Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, The Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Sulayman Abdujapparov
- Department of Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, The Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,Department of Coloproctology, The Research Center of Oncology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Alim Imamov
- Department of Chemotherapy, The Research Center of Oncology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Behzod Navruzov
- Department of Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, The Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,Department of Surgery, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nikolay Davis
- Department of Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, The Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Najiya Badalova
- Department of Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, The Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Svetlana Osipova
- Department of Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, The Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
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29
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Zhang S, Cai S, Ma Y. Association between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer: Progress and future directions. J Cancer 2018; 9:1652-1659. [PMID: 29760804 PMCID: PMC5950595 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) involves genetic and epigenetic alterations influenced by dietary and environmental factors. Increasing evidence has linked the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer. More recently, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), an opportunistic commensal anaerobe in the oral cavity, has been associated with CRC. Several research teams have reported an overabundance of Fn in human CRC and have elucidated the possible mechanisms by which Fn is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis in vitro and in mouse models. However, the mechanisms by which Fn promotes colorectal carcinogenesis remain unclear. To provide new perspectives for early diagnosis, the identification of high risk populations and treatment for colorectal cancer, this review will summarize the relative research progresses regarding the relationship between Fn and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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30
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018. [PMID: 29474889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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31
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:33-49. [PMID: 29474889 PMCID: PMC6000254 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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32
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Coleman OI, Haller D. Bacterial Signaling at the Intestinal Epithelial Interface in Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1927. [PMID: 29354132 PMCID: PMC5760496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides a compartmentalized interface with an enormous repertoire of immune and metabolic activities, where the multicellular structure of the mucosa has acquired mechanisms to sense luminal factors, such as nutrients, microbes, and a variety of host-derived and microbial metabolites. The GI tract is colonized by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, which have developed a highly coevolved relationship with the host’s cellular and immune system. Intestinal epithelial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) substantially contribute to tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. The role of bacteria-derived signals in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and repair has been addressed in mouse models deficient in PRRs and signaling adaptors. While critical for host physiology and the fortification of barrier function, the intestinal microbiota poses a considerable health challenge. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous GI tract diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant signal integration at the epithelial cell level contributes to such diseases. An increased understanding of bacterial-specific structure recognition and signaling mechanisms at the intestinal epithelial interface is of great importance in the translation to future treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize the growing understanding of the regulation and function of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and discuss microbial signaling in the dynamic host–microbe mutualism in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Haller
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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33
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Abstract
The term "microbiome" refers to microorganisms (microbiota) and their genomes (metagenome) coexisting with their hosts. Some researchers coined the term "second genome" to underscore the importance of the microbiota and its collective metagenome on their host's health and/or disease. It is now undeniable that the commensal fungal microorganisms, alongside the other components of the microbiota, play a central role in association with the human host. In recognition, projects were launched nationally and internationally to unify efforts to characterize the microbiome and elucidate the functional role of the microbiota and the mechanism(s) by which these organisms and their metabolites (metabolome) may affect health and disease states. In this article, we will highlight the role of the fungal community as an indispensable component of the microbiome.
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34
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Merlano MC, Granetto C, Fea E, Ricci V, Garrone O. Heterogeneity of colon cancer: from bench to bedside. ESMO Open 2017; 2:e000218. [PMID: 29209524 PMCID: PMC5703395 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The large bowel shows biomolecular, anatomical and bacterial changes that proceed from the proximal to the distal tract. These changes account for the different behaviour of colon cancers arising from the diverse sides of the colon-rectum as well as for the sensitivity to the therapy, including immunotherapy. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the modulation of the immune response and differs between the right colon cancer and the left colorectal cancer. The qualitative and quantitative difference of the commensal bacteria between the right side and the left side induces epigenetic changes in the intestinal epithelial cells as well as in the resident immune population. The second player in the pathological homeostasis of colorectal cancer is the differences of the genetic features of cancer cells and the different effects that microsatellite instability, chromosomal instability and the CpG island methylator phenotype induce on the immunological organisation of the tumour microenvironment. The third player is the immunological composition of the tumour microenvironment, which changes under the influence of both genetic structures and gut microbiota. All these three players influence each other. This review describes these three aspects, highlights their interactions and discusses data from reported clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco C Merlano
- Medical Oncology, A.O. S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Cristina Granetto
- Medical Oncology, A.O. S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Elena Fea
- Medical Oncology, A.O. S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ricci
- Medical Oncology, A.O. S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology, A.O. S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
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35
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Abstract
肠道菌群(gut microbiota, GM)承担人体诸多生理功能, 因而被视为人体"器官", GM紊乱与代谢性疾病、免疫性疾病以及部分恶性肿瘤的发病密切相关, 机会致病菌的感染可以导致众多疾病的发生. 针对GM紊乱, 可采取粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT)、补充益生菌、抗生素等治疗途径. 目前FMT在治疗难辨索状芽孢杆菌感染等疾病中已取得了满意的疗效. 随着肠道微生态研究深入, 基于GM的药物开发和临床治疗有望成为疾病防控的新方向.
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36
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El-Jurdi N, de Lima M, Lazarus H, Ghannoum MA. Microbiome: Its Impact Is Being Revealed! CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Kramer CD, Genco CA. Microbiota, Immune Subversion, and Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:255. [PMID: 28348558 PMCID: PMC5346547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several host-adapted pathogens and commensals have evolved mechanisms to evade the host innate immune system inducing a state of low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological studies have also documented the association of a subset of these microorganisms with chronic inflammatory disorders. In this review, we summarize recent studies demonstrating the role of the microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases and discuss how specific microorganisms subvert or inhibit protective signaling normally induced by toll-like receptors (TLRs). We highlight our work on the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and discuss the role of microbial modulation of lipid A structures in evasion of TLR4 signaling and resulting systemic immunopathology associated with atherosclerosis. P. gingivalis intrinsically expresses underacylated lipid A moieties and can modify the phosphorylation of lipid A, leading to altered TLR4 signaling. Using P. gingivalis mutant strains expressing distinct lipid A moieties, we demonstrated that expression of antagonist lipid A was associated with P. gingivalis-mediated systemic inflammation and immunopathology, whereas strains expressing agonist lipid A exhibited modest systemic inflammation. Likewise, mice deficient in TLR4 were more susceptible to vascular inflammation after oral infection with P. gingivalis wild-type strain compared to mice possessing functional TLR4. Collectively, our studies support a role for P. gingivalis-mediated dysregulation of innate and adaptive responses resulting in immunopathology and systemic inflammation. We propose that anti-TLR4 interventions must be designed with caution, given the balance between the protective and destructive roles of TLR signaling in response to microbiota and associated immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Kramer
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Caroline Attardo Genco
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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