1
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Effects of epigenetic modifier on the developmental competence and quantitative expression of genes in male and female buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) cloned embryos. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:129-139. [PMID: 36622104 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult male and female Murrah buffalo fibroblast cells were used as donors for the production of embryos using handmade cloning. Both donor cells and reconstructed embryos were treated with 50 nM trichostatin-A (TSA) and 7.5 nM 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). The blastocyst rate of both treated male (40.1% ± 2.05) and female (37.0% ± 0.83) embryos was significantly lower than in untreated control males (49.7% ± 3.80) and females (47.2% ± 2.44) but their apoptotic index was lower (male, control: 5.90 ± 0.48; treated: 4.96 ± 0.31): (female, control: 8.11 ± 0.67; treated: 6.65 ± 0.43) and epigenetic status in terms of global acetylation and methylation of histone was significantly improved. The expression level of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) was higher (P < 0.05) and that of PGK, G6PD, OCT 4, IFN-tau and CASPASE3 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treated male blastocyst than control and the expression levels of DNMT1, IGF1R and BCL-XL were not significantly different between the two groups. In the female embryos, the relative mRNA abundance of OCT4 was significantly higher (P < 0.05), and that of XIST and CASPASE3 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the epigenetic modifier-treated group compared with that of the control group, whereas the expression levels of HPRT, PGK, G6PD, DNMT1, IFN-tau, IGF1R and BCL-XL were not significantly different between the two groups. In both embryos, a similar effect of treatment was observed on genes related to growth and development, but the effect on the expression of X-linked genes varied. These results indicate that not all X-linked genes respond to TSA and 5-aza-dC treatment in the same manner.
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2
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Sangalli JR, Sampaio RV, De Bem THC, Smith LC, Meirelles FV. Cattle Cloning by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2647:225-244. [PMID: 37041338 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3064-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Cloning by somatic cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) is a powerful technology capable of reprograming terminally differentiated cells to totipotency for generating whole animals or pluripotent stem cells for use in cell therapy, drug screening, and other biotechnological applications. However, the broad usage of SCNT remains limited due to its high cost and low efficiency in obtaining live and healthy offspring. In this chapter, we first briefly discuss the epigenetic constraints responsible for the low efficiency of SCNT and current attempts to overcome them. We then describe our bovine SCNT protocol for delivering live cloned calves and addressing basic questions about nuclear reprogramming. Other research groups can benefit from our basic protocol and build up on it to improve SCNT in the future. Strategies to correct or mitigate epigenetic errors (e.g., correcting imprinting loci, overexpression of demethylases, chromatin-modifying drugs) can integrate the protocol described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vilar Sampaio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Li Y, Sun Q. Epigenetic manipulation to improve mouse SCNT embryonic development. Front Genet 2022; 13:932867. [PMID: 36110221 PMCID: PMC9468881 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloned mammals can be achieved through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which involves reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells into a totipotent state. However, low cloning efficiency hampers its application severely. Cloned embryos have the same DNA as donor somatic cells. Therefore, incomplete epigenetic reprogramming accounts for low development of cloned embryos. In this review, we describe recent epigenetic barriers in SCNT embryos and strategies to correct these epigenetic defects and avoid the occurrence of abnormalities in cloned animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Sun,
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4
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Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041969. [PMID: 35216087 PMCID: PMC8879641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into a totipotent state through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is known as cloning. Although many mammalian species have been successfully cloned, the majority of cloned embryos failed to develop to term, resulting in the overall cloning efficiency being still low. There are many factors contributing to the cloning success. Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming is a major cause for the developmental failure of cloned embryos and abnormalities in the cloned offspring. Numerous research groups attempted multiple strategies to technically improve each step of the SCNT procedure and rescue abnormal epigenetic reprogramming by modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, overexpression or repression of embryonic-related genes, etc. Here, we review the recent approaches for technical SCNT improvement and ameliorating epigenetic modifications in donor cells, oocytes, and cloned embryos in order to enhance cloning efficiency.
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5
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Sun J, Liu Q, Lv L, Sun R, Li ZP, Huang B, Cui K, Shi D. HDAC6 Is Involved in the Histone Deacetylation of In Vitro Maturation Oocytes and the Reprogramming of Nuclear Transplantation in Pig. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2630-2640. [PMID: 33725312 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It remained unknown whether HDAC6 affected the histone deacetylation of in vitro maturation oocytes and the reprogramming of nuclear transplantation in pig. Our results indicated that HDAC6 specific inhibition did not affect overall HDAC activity and meiosis process, which increased histone H3K9/K14 and H4K8 acetylation of porcine in vitro maturation oocytes and pseudo-pronucleus embryos. HDAC6 inhibition also significantly enhanced the cleavage and blastocyst of nuclear transfer embryos (0.81 ± 0.12 vs. 0.68 ± 0.12 and 0.46 ± 0.19; 0.73 ± 0.13 vs. 0.63 ± 0.18 and 0.40 ± 0.16, P<0.05). The inhibition of HDAC6 significantly enhanced histone H3K9/K14 and H4K8 acetylation, and upregulated the OCT4 and CDX2 expressions (1.83 ± 0.16 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00 %; 2.07 ± 0.09 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00; P<0.05) in porcine SCNT blastocysts. Interestingly, HDAC6 inhibition significantly increased the pseudo-pronucleus volume during somatic cell reprogramming. Thus, HDAC6 was required for porcine histone deacetylation during the in vitro maturation and pseudo-pronucleus stages. HDAC6 inhibition improved the in vitro development of nuclear transfer embryos. HDAC6 may restrict the reprogramming of somatic nuclear transfer by regulating pseudo-pronucleus expansion. We need further research to confirm this in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunMing Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - QingYou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - LingYan Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - RuYu Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - KuiQing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
| | - DeShun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
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6
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Manipulating the Epigenome in Nuclear Transfer Cloning: Where, When and How. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010236. [PMID: 33379395 PMCID: PMC7794987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus of a differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to a totipotent state by exposure to the cytoplasm of an enucleated oocyte, and the reconstructed nuclear transfer embryo can give rise to an entire organism. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has important implications in animal biotechnology and provides a unique model for studying epigenetic barriers to successful nuclear reprogramming and for testing novel concepts to overcome them. While initial strategies aimed at modulating the global DNA methylation level and states of various histone protein modifications, recent studies use evidence-based approaches to influence specific epigenetic mechanisms in a targeted manner. In this review, we describe-based on the growing number of reports published during recent decades-in detail where, when, and how manipulations of the epigenome of donor cells and reconstructed SCNT embryos can be performed to optimize the process of molecular reprogramming and the outcome of nuclear transfer cloning.
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7
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Meng F, Stamms K, Bennewitz R, Green A, Oback F, Turner P, Wei J, Oback B. Targeted histone demethylation improves somatic cell reprogramming into cloned blastocysts but not postimplantation bovine concepti†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:114-125. [PMID: 32318688 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct reprogramming of epigenetic marks in the donor nucleus is a prerequisite for successful cloning by somatic cell transfer (SCT). In several mammalian species, repressive histone (H) lysine (K) trimethylation (me3) marks, in particular H3K9me3, form a major barrier to somatic cell reprogramming into pluripotency and totipotency. We engineered bovine embryonic fibroblasts (BEFs) for the doxycycline-inducible expression of a biologically active, truncated form of murine Kdm4b, a demethylase that removes H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 marks. Upon inducing Kdm4b, H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 levels were reduced about 3-fold and 5-fold, respectively, compared with noninduced controls. Donor cell quiescence has been previously associated with reduced somatic trimethylation levels and increased cloning efficiency in cattle. Simultaneously inducing Kdm4b expression (via doxycycline) and quiescence (via serum starvation) further reduced global H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 levels by a total of 18-fold and 35-fold, respectively, compared with noninduced, nonstarved control fibroblasts. Following SCT, Kdm4b-BEFs reprogrammed significantly better into cloned blastocysts than noninduced donor cells. However, detrimethylated donors and sustained Kdm4b-induction during embryo culture did not increase the rates of postblastocyst development from implantation to survival into adulthood. In summary, overexpressing Kdm4b in donor cells only improved their reprogramming into early preimplantation stages, highlighting the need for alternative experimental approaches to reliably improve somatic cloning efficiency in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Meng
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Kathrin Stamms
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Institute of Nutrition, University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Romina Bennewitz
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Institute of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andria Green
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Fleur Oback
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Pavla Turner
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jingwei Wei
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Animal Science Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Björn Oback
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Gupta MK, Heo YT, Kim DK, Lee HT, Uhm SJ. 5-Azacytidine improves the meiotic maturation and subsequent in vitro development of pig oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106118. [PMID: 31405459 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of donor cells and/or cloned embryos with cytidine analogues, having an Aza group at its 5th carbon (5-Aza), such as 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza-C) or 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) improves the in vitro development of cloned embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In vitro maturation (IVM) of immature pig oocytes treated with 5-Aza-C not only results in greater (P < 0.05) meiotic maturation to the MII stage but also enhances the capacity of 5-Aza-C treated oocytes for early embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA), in vitro fertilization (IVF) or SCNT in a dose-dependent manner (0-10 μM). Cloned embryos generated from 5-Aza-C (0.01 μM) treated oocytes had an increased capacity to develop to the blastocyst stage (14.1 ± 1.5% compared with 9.6 ± 1.8%), greater probability of hatching (61.8 ± 1.5% compared with 45.0 ± 3.9%) and contained a greater number of cells per blastocyst (38.5 ± 4.4 compared with 30.5 ± 3.4) than those produced from non-treated control oocytes (P < 0.05). Data from the present study indicate that treatment of oocytes with 5-Aza-C may be an important approach to enhance the meiotic maturation and subsequent in vitro development of pig embryos. Future studies should be conducted to determine the underlying mechanism of improved early embryonic development of 5-Aza-C treated oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Sangji Youngseo College, Wonju 26339, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Young Tae Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Sangji Youngseo College, Wonju 26339, South Korea
| | - Dong Ku Kim
- Nuri Science Inc., 320 Achasanro, Seoul 05053, South Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Uhm
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Sangji Youngseo College, Wonju 26339, South Korea.
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9
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Xiong XR, Lan DL, Li J, Yin S, Xiong Y, Zi XD. Effects of Cellular Extract on Epigenetic Reprogramming. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:115-121. [PMID: 31084436 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional reprogramming of a differentiated cell toward pluripotent cell may have long-term applications in numerous aspects, especially in regenerative medicine. Evidences accumulating from recent studies suggest that cellular extracts from stem cells or pluripotent cells can induce epigenetic reprogramming and facilitate pluripotency in otherwise highly differentiated cell types. Epigenetic reprogramming using cellular extracts has gained increasing attention and applied to recognize the functional factors, acquire the target cell types, and explain the mechanism of reprogramming. Now, more and more researches have proved that cellular extract treatment is an important strategy of cellular reprogramming. Thus, this review mainly focused on the progresses and potential mechanisms in epigenetic reprogramming using cellular extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Rong Xiong
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dao-Liang Lan
- 2 Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Yin
- 2 Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Zi
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Sangalli JR, Sampaio RV, Del Collado M, da Silveira JC, De Bem THC, Perecin F, Smith LC, Meirelles FV. Metabolic gene expression and epigenetic effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on H3K9ac in bovine cells, oocytes and embryos. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13766. [PMID: 30214009 PMCID: PMC6137158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid decline in fertility that has been occurring to high-producing dairy cows in the past 50 years seems to be associated with metabolic disturbances such as ketosis, supporting the need for research to improve our understanding of the relations among the diet, metabolism and embryonic development. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Herein, we performed a series of experiments aiming to investigate the epigenetic effects of BOHB on histone acetylation in somatic cells, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Treatment with BOHB does not increase histone acetylation in cells but stimulates genes associated with ketolysis and master regulators of metabolism. We further demonstrated that maturing COCs with high levels of BOHB does not affect their maturation rate or histone acetylation but increases the expression of PPARA in cumulus cells. Treatment of somatic cell nuclear transfer zygotes with BOHB causes hyperacetylation, which is maintained until the blastocyst stage, causing enhanced FOXO3A expression and blastocyst production. Our data shed light on the epigenetic mechanisms caused by BOHB in bovine cells and embryos and provide a better understanding of the connection between nutrition and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Vilar Sampaio
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, postcode: H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms allow the establishment and maintenance of multiple cellular phenotypes from a single genomic code. At the initiation of development, the oocyte and spermatozoa provide their fully differentiated chromatin that soon after fertilization undergo extensive remodeling, resulting in a totipotent state that can then drive cellular differentiation towards all cell types. These remodeling involves different epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones, non-coding RNAs, and large-scale chromatin conformation changes. Moreover, epigenetic remodeling is responsible for reprogramming somatic cells to totipotency upon somatic cell nuclear transfer/cloning, which is often incomplete and inefficient. Given that environmental factors, such as assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), can affect epigenetic remodeling, there is interest in understanding the mechanisms driving these changes. We describe and discuss our current understanding of mechanisms responsible for the epigenetic remodeling that ensues during preimplantation development of mammals, presenting findings from studies of mouse embryos and when available comparing them to what is known for human and cattle embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rafael V Sampaio
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Sá AL, Sampaio RV, da Costa Almeida NN, Sangalli JR, Brito KNL, Bressan FF, Rissino JD, do Socorro Damasceno Santos S, Meirelles FV, Ohashi OM, dos Santos Miranda M. Effect of POU5F1 Expression Level in Clonal Subpopulations of Bovine Fibroblasts Used as Nuclear Donors for Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:294-301. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Sá
- Laboratório de Fecundação In Vitro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. Sampaio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Karynne Nazaré Lins Brito
- Laboratório de Fecundação In Vitro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Joirge Dores Rissino
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Vieira Meirelles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Otávio Mitio Ohashi
- Laboratório de Fecundação In Vitro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Moysés dos Santos Miranda
- Laboratório de Fecundação In Vitro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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13
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Loi P, Iuso D, Czernik M, Ogura A. A New, Dynamic Era for Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer? Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:791-797. [PMID: 27118511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cloning animals by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has remained an uncontrollable process for many years. High rates of embryonic losses, stillbirths, and postnatal mortality have been typical outcomes. These developmental problems arise from abnormal genomic reprogramming: the capacity of the oocyte to reset the differentiated memory of a somatic cell. However, effective reprogramming strategies are now available. These target the whole genome or single domains such as the Xist gene, and their effectiveness has been validated with the ability of experimental animals to develop to term. Thus, SCNT has become a controllable process that can be used to 'rescue' endangered species, and for biomedical research such as therapeutic cloning and the isolation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Loi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Campus Sant'Agostino, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Domenico Iuso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Campus Sant'Agostino, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marta Czernik
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Campus Sant'Agostino, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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14
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Hosseini SM, Dufort I, Nieminen J, Moulavi F, Ghanaei HR, Hajian M, Jafarpour F, Forouzanfar M, Gourbai H, Shahverdi AH, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Sirard MA. Epigenetic modification with trichostatin A does not correct specific errors of somatic cell nuclear transfer at the transcriptomic level; highlighting the non-random nature of oocyte-mediated reprogramming errors. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:16. [PMID: 26725231 PMCID: PMC4698792 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limited duration and compromised efficiency of oocyte-mediated reprogramming, which occurs during the early hours following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), may significantly interfere with epigenetic reprogramming, contributing to the high incidence of ill/fatal transcriptional phenotypes and physiological anomalies occurring later during pre- and post-implantation events. A potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), was used to understand the effects of assisted epigenetic modifications on transcriptional profiles of SCNT blastocysts and to identify specific or categories of genes affected. Results TSA improved the yield and quality of in vitro embryo development compared to control (CTR-NT). Significance analysis of microarray results revealed that of 37,238 targeted gene transcripts represented on the microarray slide, a relatively small number of genes were differentially expressed in CTR-NT (1592 = 4.3 %) and TSA-NT (1907 = 5.1 %) compared to IVF embryos. For both SCNT groups, the majority of downregulated and more than half of upregulated genes were common and as much as 15 % of all deregulated transcripts were located on chromosome X. Correspondence analysis clustered CTR-NT and IVF transcriptomes close together regardless of the embryo production method, whereas TSA changed SCNT transcriptome to a very clearly separated cluster. Ontological classification of deregulated genes using IPA uncovered a variety of functional categories similarly affected in both SCNT groups with a preponderance of genes required for biological processes. Examination of genes involved in different canonical pathways revealed that the WNT and FGF pathways were similarly affected in both SCNT groups. Although TSA markedly changed epigenetic reprogramming of donor cells (DNA-methylation, H3K9 acetylation), reconstituted oocytes (5mC, 5hmC), and blastocysts (DNA-methylation, H3K9 acetylation), these changes did not recapitulate parallel marked changes in chromatin remodeling, and nascent mRNA and OCT4-EGFP expression of TSA-NT vs. CRT-NT embryos. Conclusions The results obtained suggest that despite the extensive reprogramming of donor cells that occurred by the blastocyst stage, SCNT-specific errors are of a non-random nature in bovine and are not responsive to epigenetic modifications by TSA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2264-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Isabelle Dufort
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Julie Nieminen
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariba Moulavi
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Ghanaei
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Hajian
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Forouzanfar
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Gourbai
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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15
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Oliveira F, Sangalli J, Meirelles F, Perecin F, Silva Filho P, Watanabe Y, Miglino M, Assis Neto A. Bovine conceptus of Bos indicus produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer and parthenogenesis present morphological variations since the blastocyst stage. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-7647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, embryo development is characterized by the appearance of two distinct cell layers, the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass. The latter will undergo differentiation to form the embryonic disc consisting of the epiblast and hypoblast. The aim of this study was to ultrastructurally characterize the bovine embryo from different in vitro production techniques, with emphasis on trophectoderm and inner cell mass cells. Bovine embryos on day 7 (conception = D1) of pregnancy, derived via in vitro production techniques, were fixed for light and transmission electron microscopy processing. Results suggested that embryos produced by nuclear transfer of somatic cells and parthenogenesis showed significant changes in macroscopic and microscopic structure. Size was reduced, and the inner cell mass had no defined shape. Furthermore, organelles responsible for the absorption processes, communication, growth, and cellular metabolism were fewer and had changes in shape, when compared to results in embryos produced by in vitrofertilization. We concluded that embryos produced by parthenogenesis and SCNT exhibit morphological differences when compared with IVF embryos, such as undeveloped blastocoel, poorly defined distribution of ICM, and morphological differences in organelles.
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16
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Altering histone acetylation status in donor cells with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid does not affect dog cloning efficiency. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1256-61. [PMID: 26259535 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although dog cloning technology has been applied to conservation of endangered canids, propagation of elite dogs, and production of transgenic dogs, the efficiency of cloning is still very low. To help overcome this problem, we evaluated the effect of treating donor cells with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on dog cloning efficiency. Relative messenger RNA expressions of the bax1/bcl2 ratio and Dnmt1 in fibroblasts treated with different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50 μM) of SAHA and durations (0, 20, 44 hours) were compared. Treatment with 1 μM for 20 hours showed significantly lower bax1/bcl2 and Dnmt1 transcript abundance. Acetylation of H3K9 was significantly increased after SAHA treatment, but H4K5, H4K8 and H4K16 were not changed. After SCNT using control or donor cells treated with SAHA, a total of 76 and 64 cloned embryos were transferred to seven and five recipients, respectively. Three fetuses were diagnosed in both control and SAHA-treated groups by ultrasonography 29 days after the embryo transfer, but there was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate (4.2% vs. 4.3%). In conclusion, although SAHA treatment as used in this study significantly decreased bax1/bcl2 and Dnmt1 transcripts of donor nuclei, as well as increased H3 acetylation, it was not enough to increase in vivo developmental competence of cloned dog embryos.
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17
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Akagi S, Matsukawa K, Takahashi S. Factors affecting the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in Cattle. J Reprod Dev 2015; 60:329-35. [PMID: 25341701 PMCID: PMC4219988 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer is a complex multistep procedure that includes oocyte maturation, cell cycle synchronization of donor
cells, enucleation, cell fusion, oocyte activation and embryo culture. Therefore, many factors are believed to contribute to
the success of embryo development following nuclear transfer. Numerous attempts to improve cloning efficiency have been
conducted since the birth of the first sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the efficiency of somatic cell
cloning has remained low, and applications have been limited. In this review, we discuss some of the factors that affect the
developmental ability of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Akagi
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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18
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Vascular alterations underlie developmental problems manifested in cloned cattle before or after birth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0106663. [PMID: 25584533 PMCID: PMC4293144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although assisted reproductive techniques are commonly applied in humans and animals, they are frequently associated with major developmental deficits and reduced viability. To explore abnormalities associated with cloning or nuclear transfer (NT) as the most invasive of these methods, we used a bovine model to characterize abnormalities. Detailed necropsy examinations were done on 13 calves that died soon after birth; in addition, we included data from embryos and fetuses (produced by NT) that terminated prematurely. Bovine clones that survived until the neonatal period differed quantitatively and qualitatively from in-vivo-derived cattle. Although alterations affected a variety of organs (e.g. heart, lung and liver), there was a clear association with abberant vascular developmental during the early intrauterine phase. Therefore, we concluded that vascular problems were key alterations induced by cloning (presumably via epigenetic modifications).
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19
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Martins-Júnior HA, Pinaffi FLV, Simas RC, Tarouco AK, Ferreira CR, Silva LA, Nogueira GP, Meirelles FV, Eberlin MN, Perecin F. Plasma steroid dynamics in late- and near-term naturally and artificially conceived bovine pregnancies as elucidated by multihormone high-resolution LC-MS/MS. Endocrinology 2014; 155:5011-23. [PMID: 25299569 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The plasma levels of corticosteroids and sex steroids during pregnancy are key indicators of mammalian placental function and the onset of parturition. Steroid hormones are believed to be disturbed in pregnancies produced using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) due to placental dysfunction and the frequently observed lack of parturition signals. To elucidate the plasma steroid dynamics, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and used to determine the levels of corticosteroids (corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and cortisol) and their direct precursors (progesterone and 17α-OH-progesterone) as well as sex steroids (androstenedione, estrone, estrone sulfate, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol) in bovine plasma. The levels of these 10 steroids in recipient cows carrying naturally conceived (control), in vitro fertilized (IVF), or cloned (somatic cell nuclear transfer) conceptuses were compared during late-term pregnancy (30 days before parturition), during near-term pregnancy (1 day before parturition), and on the day of parturition (day 0). Significant differences were observed among the corticosteroid levels: higher levels of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and cortisol were detected in cloned pregnancies at day 30; lower levels of corticosterone were observed in ART-derived pregnancies at days 1 and 0; and estrone and estradiol levels were higher in IVF pregnancies throughout the final development. These results suggested an upregulation of the P450C11 and P450C21 enzymes 30 days before parturition in somatic cell nuclear transfer pregnancies and an overactivation of the aromatase enzyme in IVF pregnancies. Taken together, the monitoring of multiple steroid hormones revealed that the pregnancies obtained using ART exhibited plasma steroid concentration dynamics compatible with the dysregulation of steroidogenic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio A Martins-Júnior
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (H.A.M.-J., R.C.S., C.R.F., M.N.E.), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil 13083-970; AB SCIEX of Brazil (H.A.M.-J.), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 04719-002; Laboratory of Theriogenology Dr O. J. Ginther (F.L.V.P., L.A.S.), Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil 13635-900; Laboratory of Molecular Morphophysiology and Development (A.K.T., F.V.M., F.P.), Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil 13635-900; Department of Production and Animal Health (R.C.S., G.P.N.), School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil 16050-680; and State Foundation of Agricultural Research (A.K.T.), Research Center Iwar Beckman, Hulha Negra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 96400-970
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20
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Galli C, Duchi R, Colleoni S, Lagutina I, Lazzari G. Ovum pick up, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle, buffalo and horses: from the research laboratory to clinical practice. Theriogenology 2014; 81:138-51. [PMID: 24274418 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive techniques developed for cattle in the last 25 years, like ovum pick up (OPU), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and somatic cell nuclear transfer, have been transferred and adapted to buffalo and horses. The successful clinical applications of these techniques require both the clinical skills specific to each animal species and an experienced laboratory team to support the in vitro phase of the work. In cattle, OPU can be considered a consolidated technology that is rapidly outpacing conventional superovulation for embryo transfer. In buffalo, OPU represents the only possibility for embryo production to advance the implementation of embryo-based biotechnologies in that industry, although it is still mainly in the developmental phase. In the horse, OPU is now an established procedure for breeding from infertile and sporting mares throughout the year. It requires ICSI that in the horse, contrary to what happens in cattle and buffalo, is very efficient and the only option because conventional IVF does not work. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is destined to fill a very small niche for generating animals of extremely high commercial value. The efficiency is low, but because normal animals can be generated it is likely that advancing our knowledge in that field might improve the technology and reduce its cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Fondazione Avantea, Cremona, Italy.
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21
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Latham KE. Role of aberrant protein modification, assembly, and localization in cloned embryo phenotypes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:141-58. [PMID: 25030763 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant post-translational modifications of proteins contribute markedly to the abnormal characteristics of cloned embryos. This review summarizes aberrant aspects of protein modifications and protein interactions, taking an inside-outside view to the cell. These aberrant aspects affect a range of processes including the control of chromatin structure, expression of pluripotency genes, propagation of epigenetic inheritance, protein trafficking, localization and signaling, cytoskeletal structure, mitosis, and correct localization of membrane proteins. By observing these aberrant features of cloned embryos, how they arise, and their impacts on development, it is possible to gain insight into normal development and identify novel strategies for enhancing cloning outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and The Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane, Room 1230E, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA,
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22
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Sangalli JR, Chiaratti MR, De Bem THC, de Araújo RR, Bressan FF, Sampaio RV, Perecin F, Smith LC, King WA, Meirelles FV. Development to term of cloned cattle derived from donor cells treated with valproic acid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101022. [PMID: 24959750 PMCID: PMC4069182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning of mammals by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is still plagued by low efficiency. The epigenetic modifications established during cellular differentiation are a major factor determining this low efficiency as they act as epigenetic barriers restricting reprogramming of somatic nuclei. In this regard, most factors that promote chromatin decondensation, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), have been found to increase nuclear reprogramming efficiency, making their use common to improve SCNT rates. Herein we used valproic acid (VPA) in SCNT to test whether the treatment of nuclear donor cells with this HDACi improves pre- and post-implantation development of cloned cattle. We found that the treatment of fibroblasts with VPA increased histone acetylation without affecting DNA methylation. Moreover, the treatment with VPA resulted in increased expression of IGF2R and PPARGC1A, but not of POU5F1. However, when treated cells were used as nuclear donors no difference of histone acetylation was found after oocyte reconstruction compared to the use of untreated cells. Moreover, shortly after artificial activation the histone acetylation levels were decreased in the embryos produced with VPA-treated cells. With respect to developmental rates, the use of treated cells as donors resulted in no difference during pre- and post-implantation development. In total, five clones developed to term; three produced with untreated cells and two with VPA-treated cells. Among the calves from treated group, one stillborn calf was delivered at day 270 of gestation whereas the other one was delivered at term but died shortly after birth. Among the calves from the control group, one died seven days after birth whereas the other two are still alive and healthy. Altogether, these results show that in spite of the alterations in fibroblasts resulting from the treatment with VPA, their use as donor cells in SCNT did not improve pre- and post-implantation development of cloned cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reno Roldi de Araújo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vilar Sampaio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Centre de recherche em reproduction animale, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Willian Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Xiong XR, Lan DL, Li J, Zi XD, Ma L, Wang Y. Cellular extract facilitates nuclear reprogramming by altering DNA methylation and pluripotency gene expression. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:215-22. [PMID: 24738992 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2013.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional reprogramming of a differentiated cell to a pluripotent state presents potential beneficial applications in disease mechanisms and regenerative medicine. Epigenetic modifications enable differentiated cells to perpetuate molecular memory to retain their identity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the reprogramming modification of yak fibroblast cells that were permeabilized and incubated in the extracts of mesenchymal stem cells derived from mice adipose tissue [adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)]. According to the results, the treatment of ADSC extracts promoted colony formation. Moreover, pluripotent gene expression was associated with the loss of repressive histone modifications and increased global demethylation. The genes Col1a1 and Col1a2, which are typically found in differentiated cells only, demonstrated decreased expression and increased methylation in the 5'-flanking regulatory regions. Moreover, yak fibroblast cells that were exposed to ADSC extracts resulted in significantly different eight-cell and blastocyst formation rates of cloned embryos compared with their untreated counterparts. This investigation provides the first evidence that nuclear reprogramming of yak fibroblast cells is modified after the ADSC extract treatment. This research also presents a methodology for studying the dedifferentiation of somatic cells that can potentially lead to an efficient way of reprogramming somatic cells toward a pluripotent state without genetic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Rong Xiong
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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24
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Mastromonaco GF, González-Grajales LA, Filice M, Comizzoli P. Somatic cells, stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells: how do they now contribute to conservation? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:385-427. [PMID: 25091918 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade has now passed since the birth of the first endangered species produced from an adult somatic cell reprogrammed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. At that time, advances made in domestic and laboratory animal species provided the necessary foundation for attempting cutting-edge technologies on threatened and endangered species. In addition to nuclear transfer, spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and induction of pluripotent stem cells have also been explored. Although many basic scientific questions have been answered and more than 30 wild species have been investigated, very few successes have been reported. The majority of studies document numerous obstacles that still need to be overcome to produce viable gametes or embryos for healthy offspring production. This chapter provides an overview of somatic cell and stem cell technologies in different taxa (mammals, fishes, birds, reptiles and amphibians) and evaluates the potential and impact of these approaches for animal species conservation.
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Xiong X, Lan D, Li J, Zhong J, Zi X, Ma L, Wang Y. Zebularine and scriptaid significantly improve epigenetic reprogramming of yak fibroblasts and cloning efficiency. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:293-300. [PMID: 23790013 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal epigenetic reprogramming of the donor nucleus after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is thought to be the main cause of low cloning efficiency. Following SCNT, the donor nucleus often fails to express early embryonic genes and establish a normal embryonic pattern of chromatin modification. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to improve epigenetic reprogramming of the donor nucleus and cloned embryos with Zebularine and Scriptaid. Yak fibroblasts were treated with 20 μM Zebularine alone or 20 μM Zebularine plus 0.5 μM Scriptaid for 24 h, whereas yak cloned embryos were treated exclusively with 0.5 μM Scriptaid for 12 h. There was no effect on cellular viability and proliferation after drug treatment. The treatment of fibroblasts with Zebularine or Zebularine plus Scriptaid increased histone acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9), but decreased the level of DNA methylation of Oct-4 and Sox-2 promoter regions. When donor cells were used after Zebularine plus Scriptaid treatment to reconstruct cloned embryos and then treated with Scriptaid, the developmental competence and cryosurvival of embryos were improved significantly. In addition, the relative expression of Oct-4 and Sox-2 were increased significantly. The expression levels of Dnmt-1 and Hdac-1 were significantly decreased when fibroblasts and cloned embryos were treated with Zebularine or Scriptaid. This work provides functional evidence that treatment with Zebularine and Scriptaid modifies the epigenetic status of yak fibroblasts, subsequently enhancing in vitro developmental potential and the quality of yak cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Xiong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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26
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Pereira FTV, Oliveira LJ, Barreto RDSN, Mess A, Perecin F, Bressan FF, Mesquita LG, Miglino MA, Pimentel JR, Neto PF, Meirelles FV. Fetal-maternal interactions in the synepitheliochorial placenta using the eGFP cloned cattle model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64399. [PMID: 23724045 PMCID: PMC3665810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate mechanisms of fetal-maternal cell interactions in the bovine placenta, we developed a model of transgenic enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (t-eGFP) expressing bovine embryos produced by nuclear transfer (NT) to assess the distribution of fetal-derived products in the bovine placenta. In addition, we searched for male specific DNA in the blood of females carrying in vitro produced male embryos. Our hypothesis is that the bovine placenta is more permeable to fetal-derived products than described elsewhere. Methodology/Principal Findings Samples of placentomes, chorion, endometrium, maternal peripheral blood leukocytes and blood plasma were collected during early gestation and processed for nested-PCR for eGFP and testis-specific Y-encoded protein (TSPY), western blotting and immunohistochemistry for eGFP detection, as well as transmission electron microscopy to verify the level of interaction between maternal and fetal cells. TSPY and eGFP DNA were present in the blood of cows carrying male pregnancies at day 60 of pregnancy. Protein and mRNA of eGFP were observed in the trophoblast and uterine tissues. In the placentomes, the protein expression was weak in the syncytial regions, but intense in neighboring cells on both sides of the fetal-maternal interface. Ultrastructurally, our samples from t-eGFP expressing NT pregnancies showed to be normal, such as the presence of interdigitating structures between fetal and maternal cells. In addition, channels-like structures were present in the trophoblast cells. Conclusions/Significance Data suggested that there is a delivery of fetal contents to the maternal system on both systemic and local levels that involved nuclear acids and proteins. It not clear the mechanisms involved in the transfer of fetal-derived molecules to the maternal system. This delivery may occur through nonclassical protein secretion; throughout transtrophoblastic-like channels and/or by apoptotic processes previously described. In conclusion, the bovine synepitheliochorial placenta displays an intimate fetal-maternal interaction, similar to other placental types for instance human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian J. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Nunes Barreto
- Department of Surgery - Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals - College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - University of São Paulo, Butantã, Brazil
| | - Andrea Mess
- Department of Surgery - Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals - College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - University of São Paulo, Butantã, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ligia Garcia Mesquita
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production - College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - University of São Paulo, Butantã, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery - Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals - College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - University of São Paulo, Butantã, Brazil
| | - José RodrigoValim Pimentel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Surgery - Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals - College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - University of São Paulo, Butantã, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Center for Cell-based Theraphy, College of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Scriptaid affects histone acetylation and the expression of development-related genes at different stages of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryo during early development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Effects of long-term in vitro culturing of transgenic bovine donor fibroblasts on cell viability and in vitro developmental potential after nuclear transfer. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:250-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Akagi S, Geshi M, Nagai T. Recent progress in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:191-9. [PMID: 23480698 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos can develop to the blastocyst stage at a rate similar to that of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization. However, the full-term developmental rate of SCNT embryos is very low, owing to the high embryonic and fetal losses after embryo transfer. In addition, increased birth weight and postnatal mortality are observed at high rates in cloned calves. The low efficiency of SCNT is probably attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the donor nucleus and most of the developmental problems of clones are thought to be caused by epigenetic defects. Applications of SCNT will depend on improvement in the efficiency of production of healthy cloned calves. In this review, we discuss problems and recent progress in bovine SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Akagi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.
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30
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Alberto MLV, Meirelles FV, Perecin F, Ambrósio CE, Favaron PO, Franciolli ALR, Mess AM, dos Santos JM, Rici REG, Bertolini M, Miglino MA. Development of bovine embryos derived from reproductive techniques. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:907-17. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproduction techniques have improved agricultural breeding in the bovine. However, important development steps may differ from the situation in vivo and there is a high mortality rate during the first trimester of gestation. To better understand these events, we investigated the development of embryos and fetal membranes following fixed-time AI (FTAI), IVF and nuclear transfer (NT). The onset of yolk-sac development was not normal in cloned embryos. Later steps differed from conditions in vivo in all three groups; the yolk-sac was yellowish and juxtaposed with the amniotic membrane. Vascularisation of the chorioallantoic membrane was relatively late and low in NT gestations, but normal in the others. The overall development of the embryos was normal, as indicated by morphology and regression analysis of growth rate. However, NT conceptuses were significantly smaller, with the livers in some embryos occupying the abdominal cavity and others exhibiting heart abnormalities. In conclusion, the yolk-sac and the cardiovascular system seem to be vulnerable to morphogenetic alterations. Future studies will focus on gene expression and early vascularisation processes to investigate whether these changes may be responsible for the high incidence of intrauterine mortality, especially in clones.
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31
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Update on the state of play of Animal Health and Welfare and Environmental Impact of Animals derived from SCNT Cloning and their Offspring, and Food Safety of Products Obtained from those Animals. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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