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Khosronezhad N, Hassanzadeh V, Hezavehei M, Shahverdi AH, Shahhoseini M. Comparative Epigenetic Analysis of Imprinting Genes Involved in Fertility, in Cryopreserved Human Sperms with Rapid Freezing versus Vitrification Methods. Cell J 2023; 25:238-246. [PMID: 37210644 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.1974291.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Choosing the optimal method for human sperm cryopreservation seems necessary to reduce cryoinjury. The aim of this study is to compare two cryopreservation methods including rapid-freezing and vitrification, in terms of cellular parameters, epigenetic patterns and expression of paternally imprinted genes (PAX8, PEG3 and RTL1) in human sperm which play a role in male fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, semen samples were collected from 20 normozoospermic men. After washing the sperms, cellular parameters were investigated. DNA methylation and expression of genes were investigated using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR methods, respectively. RESULTS The results showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability, while a significant increase was observed in DNA fragmentation index of cryopreserved groups in comparison with the fresh group. Moreover, a significant reduction in sperm total motility (TM, P<0.01) and viability (P<0.01) was determined, whereas a significant increase was observed in DNA fragmentation index (P<0.05) of the vitrification group compared to the rapid-freezing group. Our results also showed a significant decrease in expression of PAX8, PEG3 and RTL1 genes in the cryopreserved groups compared to the fresh group. However, expression of PEG3 (P<0.01) and RTL1 (P<0.05) genes were reduced in the vitrification compared to the rapid-freezing group. Moreover, a significant increase in the percentage of PAX8, PEG3 and RTL1 methylation was detected in the rapid-freezing group (P<0.01, P<0.0001 and P<0.001, respectively) and vitrification group (P<0.01, P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively) compared to the fresh group. Additionally, percentage of PEG3 and RTL1 methylation in the vitrification group was significantly increased (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively) compared to the rapid-freezing group. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that rapid-freezing is more suitable method for maintaining sperm cell quality. In addition, due to the role of these genes in fertility, changes in their expression and epigenetic modification may affect fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Khosronezhad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Hassanzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Hezavehei M, Shokoohian B, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Shpichka A, Timashev P, Shahverdi AH, Vosough M. Possible Male Reproduction Complications after Coronavirus Pandemic. Cell J 2021; 23:382-388. [PMID: 34455712 PMCID: PMC8405085 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a severe respiratory disease, affects various tissues and organs. The
specific SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is highly expressed in male gonads. Thus,
male reproductive tissues could be a potential target for virus colonization. We performed a comprehensive search in
PubMed and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant articles published till 15 April 2021. The keywords used were: male
fertility, male reproductive health, semen parameters, sex hormones, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19. Validated evidence
about the adverse effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive system is limited and few studies have
reported semen analysis results or presence of viral RNA in semen samples of infected men. Nevertheless, alterations
in reproductive hormones such as decreased level of testosterone (T) with raised luteinizing hormone (LH) have been
reported in some patients. Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproduction health remains
unclear, evidence suggests that male gonads may be potentially vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this article,
we discussed the possible impacts of COVID-19 on male gonads, sex hormones, and semen quality and suggested
preventive solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Shokoohian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Haghighat S, Tavalaee M, Kouhkan A, Zakeri Z, Noureddini M, Shahverdi AH, Nasr Esfahani MH. Reduction of truncated Kit Expression in Men with Abnormal Semen Parameters, Globozoospermia and History of Low or Fertilization Failure. Cell J 2019; 21:314-321. [PMID: 31210438 PMCID: PMC6582429 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective Phospholipase C zeta 1 (PLCζ) is one of the main sperm factor involved in oocyte activation and other
factors may assist this factor to induce successful fertilization. Microinjection of recombinant tr-kit, a truncated form of
c-kit receptor, into metaphase II-arrested mouse oocytes initiate egg activation. Considering the potential roles of tr-
KIT during spermiogenesis and fertilization, we aimed to assess expression of tr-KIT in sperm of men with normal and
abnormal parameters and also in infertile men with previous failed fertilization and globozoospermia.
Materials and Methods This experimental study was conducted from September 2015 to July 2016 on 30
normozoospermic and 20 abnormozoospermic samples for experiment one, and also was carried out on 10
globozoospermic men, 10 men with a history low or failed fertilization and 13 fertile men for experiment two. Semen
parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were assessed according to WHO protocol, and TUNEL assay. Sperm tr-
KIT was evaluated by flow cytometry, immunostaining and western blot.
Results The results show that tr-KIT mainly was detected in post-acrosomal, equatorial and tail regions. Percentage
of tr-KIT-positive spermatozoa in abnormozoospermic men was significantly lower than normozoospermic men. Also
significant correlations were observed between sperm tr-KIT with sperm count (r=0.8, P<0.001), motility (r=0.31, P=0.03)
and abnormal morphology (r=-0.6, P<0.001). Expression of tr-KIT protein was significantly lower in infertile men with low/
failed fertilization and globozoospermia compared to fertile men. The significant correlation was also observed between
tr-KIT protein with fertilization rate (r=-0.46, P=0.04). In addition, significant correlations were observed between sperm
DNA fragmentation with fertilization rate (r=-0.56, P=0.019) and tr-KIT protein (r=-0.38, P=0.04).
Conclusion tr-KIT may play a direct or indirect role in fertilization. Therefore, to increase our insight regarding the role
of tr-KIT in fertilization further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Haghighat
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Kouhkan
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Mahdi Noureddini
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Medicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.Electronic Address:.,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
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Abbasihormozi SH, Babapour V, Kouhkan A, Niasari Naslji A, Afraz K, Zolfaghary Z, Shahverdi AH. Stress Hormone and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Link Obesity and Diabetes with Reduced Fertility Potential. Cell J 2019; 21:307-313. [PMID: 31210437 PMCID: PMC6582426 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Tilting the balance in favor of antioxidant agents could increase infertility problems in obese and diabetic individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress status in semen of men with type 2 diabetes and obesity to investigate whether excessive amounts of oxidative stress, as a result of diabetes and obesity, influence infertility potential. Materials and Methods A case-control study was conducted in men (n=150) attending the Infertility Center of Royan Institute between December 2016 and February 2017. Participants were categorized into four groups; normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) and non-type-2 diabetic (control=40), obese and non- type-2 diabetic (obese=40), non-obese and type- 2 diabetic (Nob-DM=35), and obese and type-2 diabetic (Ob-DM=35). The semen analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, sperm apoptosis, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated in semen samples of men. Serum glucose, HbA1c, cortisol, and testosterone levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results Compared with the control group, sperm motility, progressive motility, and normal morphology were significantly decreased in the obese, Nob-DM, and Ob-DM groups (P<0.01). The obese, Nob-DM, and Ob-DM groups showed significantly lower levels of TAC and higher amounts of oxidative stress, early apoptotic sperm, and the percentage of DNA fragmentation as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Testosterone concentration was decreased in the obese, Nob-DM, and Ob-DM groups when compared with healthy individuals (P<0.05), whereas the cortisol level was significantly increased in the Nob-DM and Ob-DM groups in comparison to the obese and control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Increased amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation in men affected by either diabetes or obesity could be considered prognostic factors in sub-fertile patients, alerting physicians to an early screen of male patients to avoid the development of infertility in prone patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hima Abbasihormozi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahab Babapour
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Kouhkan
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Niasari Naslji
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Afraz
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zolfaghary
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Hezavehei M, Mohseni Kouchesfahani H, Shahverdi AH, Sharafi M, Hosseini Salekdeh GH, Eftekhari-Yazdi P. Induction of Sublethal Oxidative Stress on Human Sperm before Cryopreservation: A Time-Dependent Response in Post-Thawed Sperm Parameters. Cell J 2018; 20:537-543. [PMID: 30124000 PMCID: PMC6099138 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective A recent innovative approach, based on induction of sublethal oxidative stress to enhance sperm cryosurvival, has been applied before sperm cryopreservation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different induction times of sublethal oxidative stress before cryopreservation on human post-thawed sperm quality. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we selected semen samples (n=20) from normozoospermic men according to 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. After processing the samples by the density gradient method, we divided each sample into 5 experimental groups: fresh, control freezing, and 3 groups exposed to 0.01 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) [nitric oxide (NO) donor] for 30 (T30), 60 (T60), or 90 minutes (T90) at 37˚C and 5% CO2 before cryopreservation. Motion characteristics [computer-assisted sperm analyser], viability, apoptosis [annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay], DNA fragmentation [sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA)], and caspase 3 activity (FLICA Caspase Detection Kit) were assessed after thawing. The results were analysed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The means were significantly different at P<0.05. Results Cryopreservation significantly decreased sperm viability and motility parameters, and increased the percentage of apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, and DNA fragmentation (P<0.01) compared to the fresh group. The T60 group had a higher significant percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility compared with other cryopreserved groups (P<0.05). We observed a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic rate and caspase 3 activity in the T60 group compared to the other cryopreserved groups (P<0.05). DNA integrity was not significantly affected by this time of sublethal stress induction (P>0.05). Conclusion Our results have demonstrated that the application of sublethal oxidative stress by using 0.01 μM NO for 60 minutes before the freezing process can be a beneficial approach to improve post-thawed human sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Mohseni Kouchesfahani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Hasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Abbasihormozi S, Kouhkan A, Alizadeh AR, Shahverdi AH, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Sadighi Gilani MA, Salman Yazdi R, Matinibehzad A, Zolfaghari Z. Association of vitamin D status with semen quality and reproductive hormones in Iranian subfertile men. Andrology 2016; 5:113-118. [PMID: 27792863 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common health problems throughout the world, including Iran, conflicting information exists on the potential association between serum vitamin D levels and semen quality. This study intended to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D [25(OH) D3] with semen quality and hormones in Iranian subfertile men. We also compared mean vitamin D and hormone levels in normospermic men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) men. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 278 men who were referred to Royan Infertility Clinic (Tehran, Iran) from March to September 2014. The participants were categorized into two groups; of 186 normospermic and 92 OAT patients according to World Health Organization 2010 criteria. Each participant provided informed consent prior to launching research. Participants completed two general questionnaires of nutritional status. Blood and semen samples were obtained for assessment, and all data were adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and season. Vitamin D levels were classified according to Institute of Medicine guidelines. Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and normal levels were observed in 8.6%, 43.6%, 47.8% of participants, respectively. No association was found between daily dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium with sperm parameters. Serum vitamin D was inversely correlated with PTH (p < 0.045). In normospermic men, serum vitamin D levels categorized were not correlated with semen parameters and reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, testosterone(T), and FT), whereas sperm motility showed a positive correlation with vitamin D categorized in OAT men (rs = 0.131, p = 0.028). In conclusion, there was a high incidence of deficiency and insufficiency 25(OH) D Levels (<20ng/ml) observed in Iranian men (52.2%). Moreover, our findings showed a correlation between vitamin D levels and sperm motility in OAT men, which requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Abbasihormozi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Kouhkan
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A R Alizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - A H Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M A Sadighi Gilani
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Salman Yazdi
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Matinibehzad
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Zolfaghari
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Abouzaripour M, Pasbakhsh P, Atlasi N, Shahverdi AH, Mahmoudi R, Kashani IR. In Vitro Differentiation of Insulin Secreting Cells from Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 1 Positive Stem Cells. Cell J 2016; 17:701-10. [PMID: 26862529 PMCID: PMC4746420 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow has recently been recognized as a novel source of stem cells for the treatment of wide range of diseases. A number of studies on murine bone mar- row have shown a homogenous population of rare stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) positive cells that express markers of pluripotent stem cells. This study focuses on SSEA-1 positive cells isolated from murine bone marrow in an attempt to differentiate them into insulin-secreting cells (ISCs) in order to investigate their differentiation potential for future use in cell therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is an experimental research. Mouse SSEA-1 positive cells were isolated by Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) followed by characteriza- tion with flow cytometry. Induced SSEA-1 positive cells were differentiated into ISCs with specific differentiation media. In order to evaluate differentiation quality and analysis, dithizone (DTZ) staining was use, followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry and insulin secretion assay. Statistical results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The results achieved in this study reveal that mouse bone marrow contains a population of SSEA-1 positive cells that expresses pluripotent stem cells markers such as SSEA-1, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) detected by immunocytochem- istry and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and stem cell antigen-1 (SCA-1) detected by flow cytometric analysis. SSEA-1 positive cells can differentiate into ISCs cell clusters as evidenced by their DTZ positive staining and expression of genes such as Pdx1 (pancreatic transcription factors), Ngn3 (endocrine progenitor marker), Insulin1 and Insulin2 (pancreaticβ-cell markers). Additionally, our results demonstrate expression of Pdx1 and Glut2 protein and insulin secretion in response to a glucose challenge in the differentiated cells. CONCLUSION Our study clearly demonstrates the potential of SSEA-1 positive cells to differentiate into insulin secreting cells in defined culture conditions for clinical ap- plications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abouzaripour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Atlasi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Medicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hosseini SM, Dufort I, Nieminen J, Moulavi F, Ghanaei HR, Hajian M, Jafarpour F, Forouzanfar M, Gourbai H, Shahverdi AH, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Sirard MA. Epigenetic modification with trichostatin A does not correct specific errors of somatic cell nuclear transfer at the transcriptomic level; highlighting the non-random nature of oocyte-mediated reprogramming errors. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:16. [PMID: 26725231 PMCID: PMC4698792 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limited duration and compromised efficiency of oocyte-mediated reprogramming, which occurs during the early hours following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), may significantly interfere with epigenetic reprogramming, contributing to the high incidence of ill/fatal transcriptional phenotypes and physiological anomalies occurring later during pre- and post-implantation events. A potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), was used to understand the effects of assisted epigenetic modifications on transcriptional profiles of SCNT blastocysts and to identify specific or categories of genes affected. Results TSA improved the yield and quality of in vitro embryo development compared to control (CTR-NT). Significance analysis of microarray results revealed that of 37,238 targeted gene transcripts represented on the microarray slide, a relatively small number of genes were differentially expressed in CTR-NT (1592 = 4.3 %) and TSA-NT (1907 = 5.1 %) compared to IVF embryos. For both SCNT groups, the majority of downregulated and more than half of upregulated genes were common and as much as 15 % of all deregulated transcripts were located on chromosome X. Correspondence analysis clustered CTR-NT and IVF transcriptomes close together regardless of the embryo production method, whereas TSA changed SCNT transcriptome to a very clearly separated cluster. Ontological classification of deregulated genes using IPA uncovered a variety of functional categories similarly affected in both SCNT groups with a preponderance of genes required for biological processes. Examination of genes involved in different canonical pathways revealed that the WNT and FGF pathways were similarly affected in both SCNT groups. Although TSA markedly changed epigenetic reprogramming of donor cells (DNA-methylation, H3K9 acetylation), reconstituted oocytes (5mC, 5hmC), and blastocysts (DNA-methylation, H3K9 acetylation), these changes did not recapitulate parallel marked changes in chromatin remodeling, and nascent mRNA and OCT4-EGFP expression of TSA-NT vs. CRT-NT embryos. Conclusions The results obtained suggest that despite the extensive reprogramming of donor cells that occurred by the blastocyst stage, SCNT-specific errors are of a non-random nature in bovine and are not responsive to epigenetic modifications by TSA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2264-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Isabelle Dufort
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Julie Nieminen
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariba Moulavi
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Ghanaei
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Hajian
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Forouzanfar
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Gourbai
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdol Hossein Shahverdi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Ostadhosseini S, Forouzanfar M, Abedi P, Jafarpour F, Gourabi H, Shahverdi AH, Vosough A, Ghanaie HR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Contrasting effects of G1.2/G2.2 and SOF1/SOF2 embryo culture media on pre- and post-implantation development of non-transgenic and transgenic cloned goat embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Esmaeili V, Shahverdi AH, Moghadasian MH, Alizadeh AR. Dietary fatty acids affect semen quality: a review. Andrology 2015; 3:450-61. [PMID: 25951427 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa are characterized by a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which play a crucial role in fertilization. This review focuses on analysis of sperm fatty acid profiles and the effects of omega-3, saturated and trans dietary and sperm fatty acids on sperm parameters. Two major points have been pivotal points of investigation in the field of sperm fatty acid profiles: first, the comparison between fatty acid profiles of fertile and infertile men and second, the effect of dietary fatty acids on sperm fatty acid profiles as well as sperm quality and quantity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), and palmitic acid (C16:0) are the predominant PUFA and saturated fatty acids, respectively, in human sperm cells. Higher levels of DHA are concentrated on the sperm's head or tail varying among different species. However, the human sperm head contains a higher concentration of DHA. Dietary fatty acids influence on sperm fatty acid profiles and it seems that sperm fatty acid profiles are most sensitive to dietary omega-3 PUFA. Although improvements in sperm parameters are a response to omega-3 sources after more than 4 weeks of supplementation in the male diet, time-dependent and dose-dependent responses may explain the failure in some experiments. In human spermatozoa, elevated saturated or trans fatty acid concentration and a low DHA level is a concern. The regulations of the sperm fatty acid mean melting point as well as expression regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) alongside with spermatozoon assembly, anti-apoptosis effects, eicosanoid formation, and hormone activity are the putative key factors that induce a response by inclusion of omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Esmaeili
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A H Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - A R Alizadeh
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Animal Science, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
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11
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Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Forouzanfar M, Ostadhosseini S, Moulavi F, Ghanaei HR, Gourbai H, Shahverdi AH, Vosough AD, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Chemically assisted somatic cell nuclear transfer without micromanipulator in the goat: effects of demecolcine, cytochalasin-B, and MG-132 on the efficiency of a manual method of oocyte enucleation using a pulled Pasteur pipette. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 158:11-8. [PMID: 25956201 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to facilitate widespread application of a previously described manual method of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) by investigating the effects of demecolcine (a microtubule-depolymerizing chemical), cytochalasin-B (a microfilament-depolymerizing chemical: 2.5μg/ml for 15min) and MG-132 (a proteasome inhibitor chemical) on the (i) incidence of cytoplasmic protrusion of MII chromosomes, (ii) improvement of manual oocyte enucleation, and (iii) in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of SCNT embryos in the goat. Following in vitro maturation, around 65% of goat oocytes contained a characteristic cytoplasmic protrusion of MII-chromosomes. Treatment with demecolcine (0.4μg/ml for 30min) significantly increased this rate to 92.2±4.5%. Treatment with MG-132 (2μM for 30min) could not improve this rate when used alone (61.4±11.5%), but when combined with demecolcine (86.4±8.1%). Treatment with cytochalasin-B completely suppressed this rate whenever used, either alone (7.7±5.1%) or in combination with demecolcine (3.9±1.3%). In a direct comparison, there was no significant difference in quantity and quality of embryos propagated by the manual vs. micromanipulation-based methods of SCNT (cleavage: 85.3±4.5 vs. 89.5±8.9%, blastocyst: 19.5±4.3 vs. 24.3±4.4%, grade 1 and 2 blastocyst: 33.8±7.1 vs. 29.5±6.3%, total cell count: 125±11.1 vs. 122±10.5, respectively). Furthermore, development to live kids at term was not significant between the two SCNT methods. From both technical and economical points of view, the overall in vitro and in vivo efficiency of this manual method of SCNT proved it a simple, fast and efficient alternative for large scale production of cloned goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - M Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Forouzanfar
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Moulavi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H R Ghanaei
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Gourbai
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Medicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A H Shahverdi
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, PO Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - A D Vosough
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Medicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, PO Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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12
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Matini Behzad A, Ebrahimi B, Alizadeh AR, Esmaeili V, Dalman A, Rashki L, Shahverdi AH. Improvement in In Vitro
Fertilization Rate, Decrease in Reactive Oxygen Species and Spermatozoa Death Incidence in Rams by Dietary Fish Oil. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:599-605. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Matini Behzad
- Department of Animal Science; Saveh Branch; Islamic Azad University; Saveh Iran
| | - B Ebrahimi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine; ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - AR Alizadeh
- Department of Animal Science; Saveh Branch; Islamic Azad University; Saveh Iran
| | - V Esmaeili
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine; ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - A Dalman
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine; ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - L Rashki
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine; ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - AH Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine; ACECR; Tehran Iran
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13
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Mokhber Maleki E, Eimani H, Bigdeli MR, Ebrahimi B, Shahverdi AH, Golkar Narenji A, Abedi R. A comparative study of saffron aqueous extract and its active ingredient, crocin on the in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro culture of mouse oocytes. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 53:21-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Esmaielzadeh F, Hosseini SM, Nasiri Z, Hajian M, Chamani M, Gourabi H, Shahverdi AH, Vosough AD, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Kit ligand and glial-derived neurotrophic factor as alternative supplements for activation and development of ovine preantral follicles in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 80:35-47. [PMID: 23139200 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vitro growth of preantral follicles has the potential to produce considerable numbers of competent oocytes for use in medicine, agriculture, and even wildlife conservation. The critical regulatory role of growth factors and hormones in the development of preantral follicles has been established. This study investigated the effect of glial-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) and kit ligand (KL) on the in vitro development of ovine preantral follicles. Results indicated that both GDNF and KL significantly improved activation of primordial follicles, similar to co-addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which are commonly used for in vitro follicular development. Importantly, GDNF had a more profound effect on follicle health, development, and differentiation compared with KL alone. Furthermore, the combination of GDNF and KL in the presence of EGF and bFGF had a positive, synergic effect on health, development, and differentiation of preantral follicles, as determined by histological and hormonal assessments. The results of this study may provide a foundation for further studies that will unravel the molecular mechanisms of follicular development to further improve the current status of in vitro preantral follicle culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Esmaielzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Amiri Yekta A, Dalman A, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Sanati MH, Shahverdi AH, Fakheri R, Vazirinasab H, Daneshzadeh MT, Vojgani M, Zomorodipour A, Fatemi N, Vahabi Z, Mirshahvaladi S, Ataei F, Bahraminejad E, Masoudi N, Rezazadeh Valojerdi M, Gourabi H. Production of transgenic goats expressing human coagulation factor IX in the mammary glands after nuclear transfer using transfected fetal fibroblast cells. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:131-42. [PMID: 22869287 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are growing numbers of recombinant proteins that have been expressed in milk. Thus one can consider the placement of any gene of interest under the control of the regulatory elements of a milk protein gene in a dairy farm animal. Among the transgene introducing techniques, only nuclear transfer (NT) allows 100 % efficiency and bypasses the mosaicism associated with counterpart techniques. In this study, in an attempt to produce a transgenic goat carrying the human coagulation factor IX (hFIX) transgene, goat fetal fibroblasts were electroporated with a linearized marker-free construct in which the transgene was juxtaposed to β-casein promoter designed to secret the recombinant protein in goat milk. Two different lines of transfected cells were used as donors for NT to enucleated oocytes. Two transgenic goats were liveborn. DNA sequencing of the corresponding transgene locus confirmed authenticity of the cloning procedure and the complementary experiments on the whey demonstrated expression of human factor IX in the milk of transgenic goats. In conclusion, our study has provided the groundwork for a prosperous and promising approach for large-scale production and therapeutic application of hFIX expressed in transgenic goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Amiri Yekta
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, 12 Hafez St, Banihashem St, Resalat St, PO Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Jafarpour F, Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Forouzanfar M, Ostadhosseini S, Abedi P, Gholami S, Ghaedi K, Gourabi H, Shahverdi AH, Vosough ADT, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Somatic cell-induced hyperacetylation, but not hypomethylation, positively and reversibly affects the efficiency of in vitro cloned blastocyst production in cattle. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:483-93. [PMID: 21919704 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AzC), trichostatin A (TSA), and its natural mimetic, sodium butyrate (NaB), are antineoplastic drugs that can modify the epigenetic status of donor cells prior to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this study, we used fibroblast cells treated with these drugs to investigate the direct and indirect effects of induced changes in DNA methylation and acetylation of the lysine 9 residue of histone H3 (H3K9). Additionally, we assayed cellular characteristics (cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis) and SCNT efficiency in response to these drugs as well as monitoring these effects 24 h after removing the drugs. We observed the following: (1) AzC, TSA, and NaB all showed dose-dependent effects on different cellular characteristics; (2) TSA and NaB induced H3K9 hyperacetylation accompanied by DNA hypermethylation, whereas AzC induced DNA hypomethylation with no effect on H3K9 hyperacetylation; (3) TSA and NaB improved cloning efficiency, whereas AzC reduced it; and (4) unlike AzC, the effects of TSA and NaB on cellular characteristics and SCNT efficiency were reversed following drug removal. Our results indicate that somatic cells treated with TSA and NaB show better survival and recovery rates following the removal of these drugs. Moreover, H3K9 hyperacetylation (induced with TSA and NaB), but not DNA hypomethylation (induced with AzC), favors cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Moulavi F, Shahverdi AH, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Optimized combined electrical–chemical parthenogenetic activation for in vitro matured bovine oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 108:122-33. [PMID: 17826013 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sperm-mediated oocyte activation is a complex procedure, both in steps and duration, not yet been completely mimicked during in vitro studies, e.g., parthenogenesis or somatic cell nuclear transfer. Furthermore, parthenogenetic studies have been recognized as a suitable model for studying activation efficiency for nuclear transfer cloning. This study, therefore, was conducted to develop an optimized artificial activation method, based on bovine cloning. In vitro matured bovine oocytes were initially exposed to electrical pulse, used for cell fusion during cloning, and then treated with 15 temporal sequential combinations of 3 chemical activators [calcium ionophore (CI), strontium (SR) and ethanol (ET)], followed by exposure to a protein kinase inhibitor or used for in vitro fertilization as control group. Treated and naturally fertilized oocytes were further cultured for up to 8 days. Embryo development was scored daily and blastocyst cell counting was carried out using differential staining at day 8 of culture. Among 15 temporal sequential combinations of three chemical activators, the best cleavage rates were associated with double (SR-CI, 84.4%), triple (CI-SR-ET, 79.4%) and single (CI, 73.7%) compounds, respectively, which were not significantly different with each other and with in vitro fertilized (IVF) (85.5%). The highest blastocyst rates were gained with ET-SR (24.5%), SR-CI-ET (20.4%) and CI (24.5%) accordingly which were not significantly different with each other but significantly lower than IVF (47%). Embryo cell counting further confirmed reasonably better quality of blastocysts produced using double, triple and single compounds. Although most of the sequential artificial activation compounds induced high cleavage rate, close to IVF, but this did not assure comparable further embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Nevertheless, the results suggest exposure of in vitro matured bovine oocytes to electrical pulse, followed by exposure to CI-6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) or ET-SR-6-DMAP could be regarded as the optimal artificial activation protocol for in vitro development of parthenogenic bovine oocytes or as a step for activation protocol in cloning procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hosseini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Embryology, Royan Institute, Isfahan, Iran
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