1
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Liu HS, Wang YP, Lin PW, Chu ML, Lan SH, Wu SY, Lee YR, Chang HY. The role of Atg5 gene in tumorigenesis under autophagy deficiency conditions. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024. [PMID: 38826147 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-recycling machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading harmful materials in the cell. Autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) is required for autophagosome maturation. However, the role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis under autophagy deficient conditions remains unclear. This study focused on the autophagy-independent role of Atg5 and the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that knockout of autophagy-related genes including Atg5, Atg7, Atg9, and p62 in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells consistently decreased cell proliferation and motility, implying that autophagy is required to maintain diverse cellular functions. An Atg7 knockout MEF (Atg7-/- MEF) cell line representing deprivation of autophagy function was used to clarify the role of Atg5 transgene in tumorigenesis. We found that Atg5-overexpressed Atg7-/-MEF (clone A) showed increased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration under autophagy deficient conditions. Accordingly, rescuing the autophagy deficiency of clone A by overexpression of Atg7 gene shifts the role of Atg5 from pro-tumor to anti-tumor status, indicating the dual role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis. Notably, the xenograft mouse model showed that clone A of Atg5-overexpressed Atg7-/- MEF cells induced temporal tumor formation, but could not prolong further tumor growth. Finally, biomechanical analysis disclosed increased Wnt5a secretion and p-JNK expression along with decreased β-catenin expression. In summary, Atg5 functions as a tumor suppressor to protect the cell under normal conditions. In contrast, Atg5 shifts to a pro-tumor status under autophagy deprivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Teaching and Research Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medial University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Lin
- Tropical Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Ling Chu
- Tropical Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hui Lan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Toni R, Barbaro F, Di Conza G, Zini N, Remaggi G, Elviri L, Spaletta G, Quarantini E, Quarantini M, Mosca S, Caravelli S, Mosca M, Ravanetti F, Sprio S, Tampieri A. A bioartificial and vasculomorphic bone matrix-based organoid mimicking microanatomy of flat and short bones. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35329. [PMID: 37898921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We engineered an in vitro model of bioartificial 3D bone organoid consistent with an anatomical and vascular microenvironment common to mammalian flat and short bones. To achieve this, we chose the decellularized-decalcified matrix of the adult male rat scapula, implemented with the reconstruction of its intrinsic vessels, obtained through an original intravascular perfusion with polylevolactic (PLLA), followed by coating of the PLLA-fabricated vascularization with rat tail collagen. As a result, the 3D bone and vascular geometry of the native bone cortical and cancellous compartments was reproduced, and the rat tail collagen-PLLA biomaterial could in vitro act as a surrogate of the perivascular extracellular matrix (ECM) around the wall of the biomaterial-reconstituted cancellous vessels. As a proof-of-concept of cell compatibility and site-dependent osteoinductive properties of this bioartificial 3D construct, we show that it in vitro leads to a time-dependent microtopographic positioning of rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), initiating an osteogenic fate in relation to the bone compartment. In addition, coating of PLLA-reconstructed vessels with rat tail collagen favored perivascular attachment and survival of MSC-like cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts), confirming its potentiality as a perivascular stroma for triggering competence of seeded MSCs. Finally, in vivo radiographic topography of bone lesions in the human jaw and foot tarsus of subjects with primary osteoporosis revealed selective bone cortical versus cancellous involvement, suggesting usefulness of a human 3D bone organoid engineered with the same principles of our rat organoid, to in vitro investigate compartment-dependent activities of human MSC in flat and short bones under experimental osteoporotic challenge. We conclude that our 3D bioartificial construct offers a reliable replica of flat and short bones microanatomy, and promises to help in building a compartment-dependent mechanistic perspective of bone remodeling, including the microtopographic dysregulation of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Toni
- ISSMC, CNR, Faenza, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center-Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, Section IV-Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic-OSTEONET (Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies) and Odontostomatology Units, Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera (BO), Italy
| | - Fulvio Barbaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine-BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine-BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Remaggi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Spaletta
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Quarantini
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic-OSTEONET (Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies) and Odontostomatology Units, Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera (BO), Italy
| | - Marco Quarantini
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic-OSTEONET (Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies) and Odontostomatology Units, Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera (BO), Italy
| | - Salvatore Mosca
- Course on Disorders of the Locomotor System, Fellow Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Caravelli
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mosca
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Section of Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Abstract
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are primary fibroblasts purified from mouse embryos at a defined time post-fertilization. MEFs have versatile applications, including use as feeder cell layers or sources of untransformed primary cells for a variety of biological assays. MEFs are most commonly isolated between embryonic day (E)12.5 and E13.5 but can be isolated from embryos as early as E8.5 and as late as E15.5. The individual embryos are harvested by carefully removing uterine tissue, yolk sac, and placenta. The embryos are euthanized, and non-mesenchymal tissues, such as the fetal liver and heart, are removed before tissue homogenization. The remaining fetal tissue is homogenized by mechanical mincing using a sterile blade, followed by enzymatic digestion and resuspension. During tissue dissociation, the duration of trypsin-EDTA/DNase digestion and enzyme concentration are critical parameters to produce high-quality MEFs with the highest rates of cell viability and proliferation potential. MEFs can be cryopreserved at passage (P) 0 if >80% confluent, passaged for further expansion before freezing down, or directly utilized for downstream applications, i.e., preparation as feeder cell layers. Primary MEFs possess a limited proliferation capacity of ∼20 cell divisions, beyond which the percentage of senescent cells rapidly increases; thus, cultures should only be expanded/passaged to a maximum of P5. Critical for cell viability during cryopreservation and thawing of MEFs is the slow decrease in temperature when freezing, the rapid increase when thawing, the use of a cryoprotective agent, and an optimal cell density. While it is critical to generate high-quality MEFs to standardize and optimize preparation procedures and utilize fresh reagents, some variability in proliferation capacity and cell viability between MEF preparations remains. Thus, MEF preparation, culture, and cryopreservation procedures are continuously being optimized. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Purification, passaging, and expansion of MEFs Supporting Protocol: Cryopreservation and thawing of MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ferreira
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics and Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nadine Hein
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics and Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
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Souza A, Parnell M, Rodriguez BJ, Reynaud EG. Role of pH and Crosslinking Ions on Cell Viability and Metabolic Activity in Alginate-Gelatin 3D Prints. Gels 2023; 9:853. [PMID: 37998943 PMCID: PMC10670374 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate-gelatin hydrogels are extensively used in bioengineering. However, despite different formulations being used to grow different cell types in vitro, their pH and its effect, together with the crosslinking ions of these formulations, are still infrequently assessed. In this work, we study how these elements can affect hydrogel stability and printability and influence cell viability and metabolism on the resulting 3D prints. Our results show that both the buffer pH and crosslinking ion (Ca2+ or Ba2+) influence the swelling and degradation rates of prints. Moreover, buffer pH influenced the printability of hydrogel in the air but did not when printed directly in a fluid-phase CaCl2 or BaCl2 crosslinking bath. In addition, both U2OS and NIH/3T3 cells showed greater cell metabolic activity on one-layer prints crosslinked with Ca2+. In addition, Ba2+ increased the cell death of NIH/3T3 cells while having no effect on U2OS cell viability. The pH of the buffer also had an important impact on the cell behavior. U2OS cells showed a 2.25-fold cell metabolism increase on one-layer prints prepared at pH 8.0 in comparison to those prepared at pH 5.5, whereas NIH/3T3 cells showed greater metabolism on one-layer prints with pH 7.0. Finally, we observed a difference in the cell arrangement of U2OS cells growing on prints prepared from hydrogels with an acidic buffer in comparison to cells growing on those prepared using a neutral or basic buffer. These results show that both pH and the crosslinking ion influence hydrogel strength and cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Souza
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthew Parnell
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.S.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Emmanuel G. Reynaud
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.S.); (M.P.)
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5
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Allen RS, Biswas SK, Seifert AW. Neural crest cells give rise to non-myogenic mesenchymal tissue in the adult murid ear pinna. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.06.552195. [PMID: 37609220 PMCID: PMC10441307 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.06.552195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a major target of reconstructive surgery, development of the external ear pinna remains poorly studied. As a craniofacial organ highly accessible to manipulation and highly conserved among mammals, the ear pinna represents a valuable model for the study of appendage development and wound healing in the craniofacial complex. Here we provide a cellular characterization of late gestational and postnatal ear pinna development in Mus musculus and Acomys cahirinus and demonstrate that ear pinna development is largely conserved between these species. Using Wnt1-cre;ROSAmT/mG mice we find that connective tissue fibroblasts, elastic cartilage, dermal papilla cells, dermal sheath cells, vasculature, and adipocytes in the adult pinna are derived from cranial crest. In contrast, we find that skeletal muscle and hair follicles are not derived from neural crest cells. Cellular analysis using the naturally occurring short ear mouse mutant shows that elastic cartilage does not develop properly in distal pinna due to impaired chondroprogenitor proliferation. Interestingly, while chondroprogenitors develop in a mostly continuous sheet, the boundaries of cartilage loss in the short ear mutant strongly correlate with locations of vasculature-conveying foramen. Concomitant with loss of elastic cartilage we report increased numbers of adipocytes, but this seems to be a state acquired in adulthood rather than a developmental abnormality. In addition, chondrogenesis remains impaired in the adult mid-distal ear pinna of these mutants. Together these data establish a developmental basis for the study of the ear pinna with intriguing insights into the development of elastic cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S. Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Shishir K. Biswas
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Ashley W. Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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6
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Reigado GR, Adriani PP, Dos Santos JF, Freitas BL, Fernandes MTP, Chambergo Alcalde FS, Leo P, Nunes VA. Delivery of superoxide dismutase by TAT and abalone peptides for the protection of skin cells against oxidative stress. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2673-2685. [PMID: 35092091 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei superoxide dismutase (TrSOD) is a well-characterized enzyme being stable between 30 and 90°C for 1 h with activity at pH between 2.6 and 9.0. This work aimed to clone, express, purify, and evaluate the protective effect antioxidant of this enzyme on skin cells when fused to transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain of HIV-1 and abalone (Ab) peptides to allow cell penetration. TrSOD, TAT-TrSOD-Yfp (fused to yellow fluorescent protein), and Ab-TrSOD were expressed in E. coli and purified as soluble proteins. The cytotoxicity of the enzymes, at the concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 μmol/L, was evaluated for a period of 24 and 48 h of incubation, with no cytotoxic effect on 3T3 fibroblasts. The 3T3 cells were exposed to the oxidant agent tert-butyl hydroperoxide and evaluated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in the presence or not of the recombinant enzymes. TAT-TrSOD-Yfp was able to decrease the generation of ROS by 15% when used in the concentrations of 3 and 6 μmol/L in comparison to the control, but there was no difference in relation to the effect of TrSOD. Ab-TrSOD, when compared to TrSOD, promoted a decrease in the formation of ROS of 19% and 14% at the concentrations of 1 and 6 μmol/L, respectively, indicating that this recombinant form was more effective in reducing oxidative stress compared to SOD without the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Together, these results indicate that the fusion of SOD with these CPP increased the antioxidant capacity of fibroblasts, identified by the reduction in the generation of ROS. In addition, such molecules, in the concentrations initially used, were not toxic to the cells, opening perspectives for the development of products for antioxidant protection of the skin that may have therapeutic and cosmetic application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Leo
- Institute of Technological Research, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Gao M, Yang T, Qin W, Wang Q, Huang M, Peng H, Shao M, Yao W, Yi X, Sun G, He X. Cell Membrane-Anchoring Nano-Photosensitizer for Light-Controlled Calcium-Overload and Tumor-Specific Synergistic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204689. [PMID: 36180398 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poor selectivity and unintended toxicity to normal organs are major challenges in calcium ion (Ca2+ ) overload tumor therapy. To address this issue, a cell membrane-anchoring nano-photosensitizer (CMA-nPS) is constructed for inducing tumor-specific Ca2+ overload through multistage endogenous Ca2+ homeostasis disruption under light guidance, i.e., the extracellular Ca2+ influx caused by cell membrane damage, followed by the intracellular Ca2+ imbalance caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. CMA-nPS is decorated by two types of functionalized cell membranes, the azide-modified macrophage cell membrane is used to conjugate the dibenzocyclooctyne-decorated photosensitizer, and the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G)-modified NIH3T3 cell membrane is used to guide the anchoring of photosensitizer to the lung cancer cell membrane. The in vitro study shows that CMA-nPS mainly anchors on the cell membrane, and further causes membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as intracellular Ca2+ overload upon light irradiation. Synergistically enhanced antitumor efficiency is observed in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a new synergistic strategy for Ca2+ -overload-based cancer therapy, as well as a strategy for anchoring photosensitizer on the cell membrane, offering broad application prospects for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Tianhao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiji Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mingyue Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Meng Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wanqing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
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Al-Sayegh M, Ali H, Jamal MH, ElGindi M, Chanyong T, Al-Awadi K, Abu-Farha M. Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Adipogenic Potential: A Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis. Adipocyte 2021; 10:1-20. [PMID: 33345692 PMCID: PMC7757854 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1859789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of adipose tissue has progressed from an inert tissue for energy storage to be one of the largest endocrine organs regulating metabolic homoeostasis through its ability to synthesize and release various adipokines that regulate a myriad of pathways. The field of adipose tissue biology is growing due to this association with various chronic metabolic diseases. An important process in the regulation of adipose tissue biology is adipogenesis, which is the formation of new adipocytes. Investigating adipogenesis in vitro is currently a focus for identifying factors that might be utilized in clinically. A powerful tool for such work is high-throughput sequencing which can rapidly identify changes at gene expression level. Various cell models exist for studying adipogenesis and has been used in high-throughput studies, yet little is known about transcriptome profile that underlies adipogenesis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This study utilizes RNA-sequencing and computational analysis with DESeq2, gene ontology, protein–protein networks, and robust rank analysis to understand adipogenesis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in-depth. Our analyses confirmed the requirement of mitotic clonal expansion prior to adipogenesis in this cell model and highlight the role of Cebpa and Cebpb in regulating adipogenesis through interactions of large numbers of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Division of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohammad H Jamal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
| | - Mei ElGindi
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Division of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tina Chanyong
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Division of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khulood Al-Awadi
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Design Studio, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
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9
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Abumustafa W, Zamer BA, Khalil BA, Hamad M, Maghazachi AA, Muhammad JS. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 in colorectal carcinoma: Insights into mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112368. [PMID: 34794114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) enzyme is one of the eight canonical PRMTs, classified as a type II PRMT, induces arginine monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation. PRMT5 is known to be overexpressed in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where its overexpression is associated with poor survival. Recent studies have shown that upregulation of PRMT5 induces tumor growth and metastasis in CRC. Moreover, various novel PRMT5 inhibitors tested on CRC cell lines showed promising anticancer effects. Also, it was suggested that PRMT5 could be a valid biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of PRMT5-mediated CRC carcinogenesis could provide new avenues towards developing a targeted therapy. In this study, we started with in silico analysis correlating PRMT5 expression in CRC patients as a prelude to further our investigation of its role in CRC. We then carried out a comprehensive review of the scientific literature that dealt with the role(s) of PRMT5 in CRC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Also, we have summarized key findings from in vitro research using various therapeutic agents and strategies directly targeting PRMT5 or disrupting its function. In conclusion, PRMT5 seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CRC; therefore, its prognostic and therapeutic potential merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Abumustafa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Batoul Abi Zamer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bariaa A Khalil
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Fidan M, Chennappan S, Cirstea IC. Studying Metabolic Abnormalities in the Costello Syndrome HRAS G12V Mouse Model: Isolation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Their In Vitro Adipocyte Differentiation. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2262:397-409. [PMID: 33977491 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1190-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS), characterized by a developmental delay and a failure to thrive, is also associated with an impaired lipid and energy metabolism. White adipose tissue is a central sensor of whole-body energy homeostasis, and HRAS hyperactivation may affect adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte homeostasis. An extremely useful tool for delineating in vitro intrinsic cellular signaling leading to metabolic alterations during adipogenesis is mouse embryonic fibroblasts, known to differentiate into adipocytes in response to adipogenesis-stimulating factors. Here, we describe in detail the isolation and maintenance of CS HRAS G12V mouse embryonic fibroblasts, their differentiation into adipocytes, and an assessment of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miray Fidan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Pisani S, Genta I, Dorati R, Kavatzikidou P, Angelaki D, Manousaki A, Karali K, Ranella A, Stratakis E, Conti B. Biocompatible polymeric electrospun matrices: Micro–nanotopography effect on cell behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisani
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
- Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico, Via Taramelli 20 Pavia Italy
| | - Paraskevi Kavatzikidou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Despoina Angelaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Aleka Manousaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Kanelina Karali
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Crete Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Crete Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
- Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico, Via Taramelli 20 Pavia Italy
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12
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Kim KH, Kim J, Han JY, Moon Y. In vitro estimation of metal-induced disturbance in chicken gut-oviduct chemokine circuit. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019; 15:443-452. [PMID: 32226460 PMCID: PMC7097086 DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds Heavy metals affect various processes in the embryonic development. Embryonic fibroblasts (EFs) play key roles in the innate recognition and wound healing in reproductive tissues. Methods Based on the relative toxicities of different inorganic metals and inorganic nonmetallic compounds against murine and chicken EF cells, mechanistic estimations were performed based on transcriptomic analyses. Results Lead (II) acetate induced preferential injuries in the chicken EF and mechanistic analyses using transcriptome revealed that chemokine receptor-associated events are potently involved in metal-induced adverse actions. As an early sentinel of metal exposure, the precision-cut intestine slices (PCIS) induced the expression of chemokines including CXCLi1 or CXCLi2, which were potent gut-derived factors that activate chemokine receptors in reproductive organs after circulation. Conclusion EF-selective metals can be estimated to trigger the chemokine circuit in the gut-reproductive axis of chickens. This in vitro methodology using PCIS-EF culture could be used as a promising alternate platform for the reproductive immunotoxicological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyung Kim
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Biomedical Research Institute and Pusan Cancer Center, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- 4Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Biomedical Research Institute and Pusan Cancer Center, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,College of Information and Biomedical Engineering, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
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13
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Batool T, Fang J, Jansson V, Zhao H, Gallant C, Moustakas A, Li JP. Upregulated BMP-Smad signaling activity in the glucuronyl C5-epimerase knock out MEF cells. Cell Signal 2019; 54:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Kitada M, Murakami T, Wakao S, Li G, Dezawa M. Direct conversion of adult human skin fibroblasts into functional Schwann cells that achieve robust recovery of the severed peripheral nerve in rats. Glia 2019; 67:950-966. [PMID: 30637802 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Direct conversion is considered a promising approach to obtain tissue-specific cells for cell therapies; however, this strategy depends on exogenous gene expression that may cause undesired adverse effects such as tumorigenesis. By optimizing the Schwann cell induction system, which was originally developed for trans-differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cells, we established a system to directly convert adult human skin fibroblasts into cells comparable to authentic human Schwann cells without gene introduction. Serial treatments with beta-mercaptoethanol, retinoic acid, and finally a cocktail of basic fibroblast growth factor, forskolin, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, and heregulin-β1 (EGF domain) converted fibroblasts into cells expressing authentic Schwann cell markers at an efficiency of approximately 75%. Genome-wide gene expression analysis suggested the conversion of fibroblasts into the Schwann cell-lineage. Transplantation of induced Schwann cells into severed peripheral nerve of rats facilitated axonal regeneration and robust functional recovery in sciatic function index comparable to those of authentic human Schwann cells. The contributions of induced Schwann cells to myelination of regenerated axons and re-formation of neuromuscular junctions were also demonstrated. Our data clearly demonstrated that cells comparable to functional Schwann cells feasible for the treatment of neural disease can be induced from adult human skin fibroblasts without gene introduction. This direct conversion system will be beneficial for clinical applications to peripheral and central nervous system injuries and demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Murakami
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Boncler M, Lukasiak M, Dastych J, Golanski J, Watala C. Differentiated mitochondrial function in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and human epithelial or endothelial cells in response to chemical exposure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:199-210. [PMID: 30137675 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts are commonly used for in vitro toxicity testing; however, their sensitivity to stimuli is not well defined. To assess the sensitivity of the 3T3 cell line, the study compared the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) occurring after exposure to eight chemicals known to demonstrate pro-apoptotic activity (glycerol, isopropanol, ethanol, paracetamol, propranolol, cobalt chloride, formaldehyde and atropine). Five cell lines were used as follows: mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, human epithelial cells (A549, Caco-2 and HepG2) and human endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Cell sensitivity was assessed based on the total area under and over the dose-response curves (AUOC) in relation to baselines. The 3T3 fibroblasts had the highest AUOC values and were the most sensitive to the action of all the examined chemicals, with the exception of formaldehyde. Significant changes in MMP between the 3T3 cell line and other cells were observed after cell treatment with atropine (A549, Caco-2 or HMEC-1 cells vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.05), propranolol (A549 vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.01; HepG2 vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.05), cobalt chloride (A549 cells vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.01) or ethanol (HMEC-1 vs 3T3, P < 0.05). Formaldehyde appeared the most toxic compound for Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.05). The surface areas (AUOC) calculated for each other chemical and obtained for HepG2, Caco-2, A549 and HMEC-1 did not differ significantly between cell lines. We postulate that mouse 3T3 fibroblasts demonstrate significantly higher relative sensitivity to many agents with toxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Boncler
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jaroslaw Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Golanski
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Bianchi M, Crinelli R, Arbore V, Magnani M. Induction of ubiquitin C ( UBC) gene transcription is mediated by HSF1: role of proteotoxic and oxidative stress. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1471-1485. [PMID: 30186748 PMCID: PMC6120222 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyubiquitin gene ubiquitin C (UBC) is considered a stress protective gene and is upregulated under various stressful conditions, which is probably a consequence of an increased demand for ubiquitin in order to remove toxic misfolded proteins. We previously identified heat shock elements (HSEs) within the UBC promoter, which are responsible for heat shock factor (HSF)1‐driven induction of the UBC gene and are activated by proteotoxic stress. Here, we determined the molecular players driving the UBC gene transcriptional response to arsenite treatment, mainly addressing the role of the nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐mediated antioxidant pathway. Exposure of HeLa cells to arsenite caused a time‐dependent increase of UBCmRNA, while cell viability and proteasome activity were not affected. Nuclear accumulation of HSF1 and Nrf2 transcription factors was detected upon both arsenite and MG132 treatment, while HSF2 nuclear levels increased in MG132‐treated cells. Notably, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Nrf2 did not reduce UBC transcription under either basal or stressful conditions, but significantly impaired the constitutive and inducible expression of well‐known antioxidant response element‐dependent genes. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay consistently failed to detect Nrf2 binding to the UBC promoter sequence. By contrast, depletion of HSF1, but not HSF2, significantly compromised stress‐induced UBC expression. Critically, HSF1‐mediated UBC trans‐activation upon arsenite exposure relies on transcription factor binding to previously mapped distal HSEs, as demonstrated to occur under proteasome inhibition. These data highlight HSF1 as the pivotal transcription factor that translates different stress signals into UBC gene transcriptional induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
| | - Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
| | - Vanessa Arbore
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
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17
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Chandravanshi B, Bhonde R. Reprogramming mouse embryo fibroblasts to functional islets without genetic manipulation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1627-1637. [PMID: 28657136 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The constant quest for generation of large number of islets aimed us to explore the differentiation potential of mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Mouse embryo fibroblast cells isolated from 12- to 14-day-old pregnant mice were characterized for their surface markers and tri-lineage differentiation potential. They were subjected to serum-free media containing a cocktail of islet differentiating reagents and analyzed for the expression of pancreatic lineage transcripts. The islet-like cell aggregates (ICAs) was confirmed for their pancreatic properties via immunofluorecence for C-peptide, glucagon, and somatostain. They were positive for CD markers-Sca1, CD44, CD73, and CD90 and negative for hematopoietic markers-CD34 and CD45 at both transcription and translational levels. The transcriptional analysis of the ICAs at different day points exhibited up-regulation of islet markers (Insulin, PDX1, HNF3, Glucagon, and Somatostatin) and down-regulation of MSC-markers (Vimentin and Nestin). They positively stained for dithizone, C-peptide, insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin indicating intact insulin producing machinery. In vitro glucose stimulation assay revealed three-fold increase in insulin secretion as compared to basal glucose with insulin content being the same in both the conditions. The preliminary in vivo data on ICA transplantation showed reversal of diabetes in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that mouse embryo fibroblast cells contain a population of MSC-like cells which could differentiate into insulin producing cell aggregates. Hence, our study could be extrapolated for isolation of MSC-like cells from human, medically terminated pregnancies to generate ICAs for treating type 1 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chandravanshi
- School of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Allalasandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Allalasandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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18
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Chen S, Hu X, Zhu W, Jia C, Han X, Yuan J, Sun Z, Yang Z, Geng T, Cui H. Reactivation of development-related genes by the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2΄-deoxycytidine in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1007-1014. [PMID: 28158798 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Hodjat M, Baeeri M, Rezvanfar MA, Rahimifard M, Gholami M, Abdollahi M. On the mechanism of genotoxicity of ethephon on embryonic fibroblast cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:173-180. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1273425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hodjat
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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