1
|
Luo X, Wei M, Li W, Zhao H, Kasim V, Wu S. PBX3 promotes pentose phosphate pathway and colorectal cancer progression by enhancing G6PD expression. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4525-4538. [PMID: 37781025 PMCID: PMC10535713 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancers crucial for fulfilling the needs of energy, building blocks, and antioxidants to support tumor cells' rapid proliferation and to cope with the harsh microenvironment. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (PBX3) is a member of the PBX family whose expression is up-regulated in various tumors, however, whether it is involved in tumor cell metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. Herein, we report that PBX3 is a positive regulator of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). PBX3 promoted G6PD transcriptional activity in tumor cells by binding directly to its promoter, leading to PPP stimulation and enhancing the production of nucleotides and NADPH, a crucial reductant, thereby promoting nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis while decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The PBX3/G6PD axis also promoted tumorigenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel function of PBX3 as a regulator of G6PD, linking its oncogenic activity with tumor cell metabolic reprogramming, especially PPP. Furthermore, our results suggested that PBX3 is a potential target for metabolic-based anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mankun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hezhao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gabriel GC, Devine W, Redel BK, Whitworth KM, Samuel M, Spate LD, Cecil RF, Prather RS, Wu Y, Wells KD, Lo CW. Cardiovascular Development and Congenital Heart Disease Modeling in the Pig. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021631. [PMID: 34219463 PMCID: PMC8483476 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Modeling cardiovascular diseases in mice has provided invaluable insights into the cause of congenital heart disease. However, the small size of the mouse heart has precluded translational studies. Given current high‐efficiency gene editing, congenital heart disease modeling in other species is possible. The pig is advantageous given its cardiac anatomy, physiology, and size are similar to human infants. We profiled pig cardiovascular development and generated genetically edited pigs with congenital heart defects. Methods and Results Pig conceptuses and fetuses were collected spanning 7 stages (day 20 to birth at day 115), with at least 3 embryos analyzed per stage. A combination of magnetic resonance imaging and 3‐dimensional histological reconstructions with episcopic confocal microscopy were conducted. Gross dissections were performed in late‐stage or term fetuses by using sequential segmental analysis of the atrial, ventricular, and arterial segments. At day 20, the heart has looped, forming a common atria and ventricle and an undivided outflow tract. Cardiac morphogenesis progressed rapidly, with atrial and outflow septation evident by day 26 and ventricular septation completed by day 30. The outflow and atrioventricular cushions seen at day 20 undergo remodeling to form mature valves, a process continuing beyond day 42. Genetically edited pigs generated with mutation in chromatin modifier SAP130 exhibited tricuspid dysplasia, with tricuspid atresia associated with early embryonic lethality. Conclusions The major events in pig cardiac morphogenesis are largely complete by day 30. The developmental profile is similar to human and mouse, indicating gene edited pigs may provide new opportunities for preclinical studies focused on outcome improvements for congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - William Devine
- Department of Developmental Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Bethany K Redel
- Division of Animal Sciences Animal Science Research CenterNational Swine Resource and Research CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Kristin M Whitworth
- Division of Animal Sciences Animal Science Research CenterNational Swine Resource and Research CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Melissa Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences Animal Science Research CenterNational Swine Resource and Research CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences Animal Science Research CenterNational Swine Resource and Research CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Raissa F Cecil
- Division of Animal Sciences Animal Science Research CenterNational Swine Resource and Research CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences Animal Science Research CenterNational Swine Resource and Research CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences Animal Science Research CenterNational Swine Resource and Research CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Gao F, Ai H, Wang S, Song Z, Zheng L, Wang G, Sun Y, Bao Y. TSP50 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and tumour formation by activating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13015. [PMID: 33630390 PMCID: PMC8016650 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour with high morbidity and mortality. Metabolic regulation by oncogenes is necessary for tumour growth. Testes‐specific protease 50 (TSP50) has been found to promote cell proliferation in multiple tumour types. However, the mechanism that TSP50 promotes HCC progression are not known. Methods Hepatocyte proliferation was analysed by MTT and BrdU incorporation after TSP50 transfection. Furthermore, LC‐MS/MS, co‐immunoprecipitation and GST pull‐down assays were performed to analyse protein(s) binding to TSP50. Moreover, the site‐specific mutation of G6PD was used to reveal the key site critical for G6PD acetylation mediated by TSP50. Finally, the role of G6PD K171 acetylation regulated by TSP50 in cell proliferation and tumour formation was investigated. Results Our data suggest that the overexpression of TSP50 accelerates hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, G6PD is an important protein that binds to TSP50 in the cytoplasm. TSP50 activates G6PD activity by inhibiting the acetylation of G6PD at the K171 site. In addition, TSP50 promotes the binding of G6PD to SIRT2. Furthermore, the K171ac of G6PD regulated by TSP50 is required for TSP50‐induced cell proliferation in vitro and tumour formation in vivo. Additionally, according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) programme, TSP50 and G6PD are negatively correlated with the survival of HCC patients. Conclusions Collectively, our findings demonstrate that TSP50‐induced cell proliferation and tumour formation are mediated by G6PD K171 acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huihan Ai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao X, Dong QZ. Advance in metabolism and target therapy in breast cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1295-1306. [PMID: 33312399 PMCID: PMC7705469 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i11.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, like many other cancers, is believed to be driven by a population of cells that display stem cell properties. Recent studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential for tumor progression, and tumor relapse is thought to be caused by the presence of these cells. CSC-targeted therapies have also been proposed to overcome therapeutic resistance in breast cancer after the traditional therapies. Additionally, the metabolic properties of cancer cells differ markedly from those of normal cells. The efficacy of metabolic targeted therapy has been shown to enhance anti-cancer treatment or overcome therapeutic resistance of breast cancer cells. Metabolic targeting of breast CSCs (BCSCs) may be a very effective strategy for anti-cancer treatment of breast cancer cells. Thus, in this review, we focus on discussing the studies involving metabolism and targeted therapy in BCSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yiwu Maternity and Children Hospital, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun H, Zhang X, Dai J, Pan Z, Wu Y, Yu D, Zhu S, Chen Y, Qin T, Ouyang H. Sodium lactate promotes stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells through KDM6B mediated glycolytic metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:433-439. [PMID: 32891432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important cell source for tissue homeostasis and repair due to their stemness characteristic. Lots of intrinsic signaling pathways have been reported to regulate MSC stemness, but the extrinsic signals such as sodium lactate, particularly in physiological conditions, are poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated the effect of sodium lactate on human MSC stemness regulation by examining colony-forming ability, energy metabolism, multi-lineage differentiation ability, and pluripotent gene and protein expression. The underlying mechanism was further investigated with gene knockdown as well as small molecule interference and rescue experiments. We found that: (1) low concentration (1 mM) of sodium lactate promoted the stemness of human MSCs; (2) the upregulation of glycolysis was responsible for the MSC stemness promotion; (3) lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) was the key regulator which mediated sodium lactate-induced glycolysis and human MSC stemness enhancement. This study indicated that sodium lactate played an important role in human MSC stemness maintenance in physiological conditions, which could be related to KDM6B mediated metabolic regulation. It would provide new insight into stem cell biology, and contribute to cell transplantation and tissue regeneration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouan Zhu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Benny S, Mishra R, Manojkumar MK, Aneesh TP. From Warburg effect to Reverse Warburg effect; the new horizons of anti-cancer therapy. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110216. [PMID: 33254523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An old ideology of killing the cancer cells by starving them is the underlying concept of the Warburg effect. It is the process of aerobic glycolysis exhibited by the cancer cells irrespective of anaerobic glycolysis or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation following by their healthy counterparts. Dr Otto Heinrich Warburg proposed this abnormal metabolic behaviour of tumour cells in 1920. This phenomenon illustrates the metabolic switching in tumour cells from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis triggered by an injury to the mitochondrial respiration. A modernised perspective of the Warburg hypothesis termed the Reverse Warburg effect introduced in 2009, with a two-compartment model describing the metabolic symbiosis between cancer cells and its neighbouring stromal cells or cancer-associated fibroblasts. This theory is elucidating the aerobic glycolysis occurring in cancer-associated fibroblasts which leads to the generation and deposition of the lactate in tumour microenvironment along with its significance. The transportation of lactate to and from the cancer cell and extracellular space is facilitated by the lactate transporters called monocarboxylate transporters. This lactate generated irrespective of the hypoxic or aerobic conditions acts as a primary metabolic fuel for the cancer cells. Besides, it will create a tumour microenvironment that is favouring the progression and metastasis of malignancy through several means. Overall, the lactate produced through this metabolic reprogramming is supporting and worsening the conditions of cancer. The concept of the Reverse Warburg effect proposes a new anti-cancer treatment modality by preventing the generation and transport of lactate through the inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters and in turn, defeating the cancer disease by arresting the cancer cells along with silencing tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Benny
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Maneesha K Manojkumar
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - T P Aneesh
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neitzel C, Demuth P, Wittmann S, Fahrer J. Targeting Altered Energy Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer: Oncogenic Reprogramming, the Central Role of the TCA Cycle and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1731. [PMID: 32610612 PMCID: PMC7408264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancer entities worldwide. Multiple factors are causally associated with CRC development, such as genetic and epigenetic alterations, inflammatory bowel disease, lifestyle and dietary factors. During malignant transformation, the cellular energy metabolism is reprogrammed in order to promote cancer cell growth and proliferation. In this review, we first describe the main alterations of the energy metabolism found in CRC, revealing the critical impact of oncogenic signaling and driver mutations in key metabolic enzymes. Then, the central role of mitochondria and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in this process is highlighted, also considering the metabolic crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. The identified cancer-specific metabolic transformations provided new therapeutic targets for the development of small molecule inhibitors. Promising agents are in clinical trials and are directed against enzymes of the TCA cycle, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH). Finally, we focus on the α-lipoic acid derivative CPI-613, an inhibitor of both PDC and KGDH, and delineate its anti-tumor effects for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jörg Fahrer
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.N.); (P.D.); (S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pan C, Liu Q, Wu X. HIF1α/miR-520a-3p/AKT1/mTOR Feedback Promotes The Proliferation And Glycolysis Of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10145-10156. [PMID: 31819647 PMCID: PMC6897058 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s223473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Various microRNAs are involved in the development of gastric cancer (GC). This study investigated the role and mechanism of miR-520a-3p in GC. Method Quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to measure the expression level of miR-520a-3p in GC tissues and cell lines. The chi-squared test was employed to evaluate the relationship between the expression level of miR-520a-30p and clinical traits. The cell count kit-8 assay was used to detect the effect of miR-520a-3p on GC cell proliferation, while its effect on glycolysis was determined using the glucose assumption, lactate, and ATP production assay. The effect of miR-520a-3p on tumor growth in vivo was examined using a xenograft model. The relationship between miR-520a-30p and AKT1/mTOR/HIF1α pathway in normoxia and hypoxia was investigated using bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results The expression of miR-520a-3p was decreased in GC tissues and cell lines. The expression level of miR-520a-3p was negatively associated with various malignant biological properties in patients. Overexpression/inhibition of miR-520a-3p decreased/promoted cell proliferation and glycolysis in vitro. Overexpression of miR-520a-3p inhibited tumor growth in vivo. AKT1 is the functional target of MiR-520a-3p, which was decreased in miR-520a-3p-overexpressing cells. In addition, overexpression of miR-520a-3p decreased the protein level of AKT1, mTOR, HIF1α, and target genes of HIF1α such as Glut1 and VEGF. Restoration of the expression of AKT1 can decrease the inhibitory effect of miR-520a-3p on the AKT1/mTOR/HIF1α pathway, as well as cell proliferation and glycolysis. Furthermore, the level of miR-520a-3p was decreased, while that of AKT1 was increased under hypoxia. Notably, inhibition of HIF1α or overexpression of miR-520a-3p suppressed these effects. Conclusion Our study provided the first evidence for the existence of HIF1α/miR-520a-3p/AKT1/mTOR feedback, which promotes the proliferation and glycolysis of GC cells, highlighting a potential novel target for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lucas CG, Chen PR, Seixas FK, Prather RS, Collares T. Applications of omics and nanotechnology to improve pig embryo production in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1531-1547. [PMID: 31478591 PMCID: PMC7183242 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate environment to optimize porcine preimplantation embryo production in vitro is required as genetically modified pigs have become indispensable for biomedical research and agriculture. To provide suitable culture conditions, omics technologies have been applied to elucidate which metabolic substrates and pathways are involved during early developmental processes. Metabolomic profiling and transcriptional analysis comparing in vivo- and in vitro-derived embryos have demonstrated the important role of amino acids during preimplantation development. Transcriptional profiling studies have been helpful in assessing epigenetic reprogramming agents to allow for the correction of gene expression during the cloning process. Along with this, nanotechnology, which is a highly promising field, has allowed for the use of engineered nanoplatforms in reproductive biology. A growing number of studies have explored the use of nanoengineered materials for sorting, labeling, and targeting purposes; which demonstrates their potential to become one of the solutions for precise delivery of molecules into gametes and embryos. Considering the contributions of omics and the recent progress in nanoscience, in this review, we focused on their emerging applications for current in vitro pig embryo production systems to optimize the generation of genetically modified animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Lucas
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Paula R Chen
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Tiago Collares
- Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pharmacologic treatment with CPI-613 and PS48 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and increases quantity of autolysosomes in porcine fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9417. [PMID: 31263141 PMCID: PMC6603033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A metabolic phenomenon known as the Warburg effect has been characterized in certain cancerous cells, embryonic stem cells, and other rapidly proliferative cell types. Previously, our attempts to induce a Warburg-like state pharmaceutically via CPI-613 and PS48 treatment did augment metabolite production and gene expression; however, this treatment demonstrated a Reverse Warburg effect phenotype observed in cancer-associated stroma. In the current study, we inquired whether the mitochondria were affected by the aforementioned pharmaceutical treatment as observed in cancerous stromal fibroblasts. While the pharmaceutical agents decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in porcine fetal fibroblasts, the number and size of mitochondria were similar, as was the overall cell size. Moreover, the fibroblasts that were treated with CPI-613 and PS48 for a week had increased numbers of large autolysosome vesicles. This coincided with increased intensity of LysoTracker staining in treated cells as observed by flow cytometry. Treated fibroblasts thus may utilize changes in metabolism and autophagy to mitigate the damage of treatment with pharmaceutical agents. These findings shed light on how these pharmaceutical agents interact and how treated cells augment metabolism to sustain viability.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mordhorst BR, Murphy SL, Schauflinger M, Rojas Salazar S, Ji T, Behura SK, Wells KD, Green JA, Prather RS. Porcine Fetal-Derived Fibroblasts Alter Gene Expression and Mitochondria to Compensate for Hypoxic Stress During Culture. Cell Reprogram 2019; 20:225-235. [PMID: 30089028 PMCID: PMC6088251 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is characterized by decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolytic flux in adequate oxygen. The preimplantation embryo has been described to have characteristics of the Warburg effect, including similar changes in gene expression and mitochondria, which are more rudimentary in appearance. We hypothesized hypoxia would facilitate anaerobic glycolysis in fibroblasts thereby promoting gene expression and media metabolite production reflecting the Warburg effect hallmarks in early embryos. Additionally, we speculated that hypoxia would induce a rudimentary small mitochondrial phenotype observed in several cell types evidenced to demonstrate the Warburg effect. While many have examined the role hypoxia plays in pathological conditions, few studies have investigated changes in primary cells which could be used in somatic cell nuclear transfer. We found that cells grown in 1.25% O2 had normal cell viability and more, but smaller mitochondria. Several hypoxia-inducible genes were identified, including seven genes for glycolytic enzymes. In conditioned media from hypoxic cells, the quantities of gluconolactone, cytosine, and uric acid were decreased indicating higher consumption than control cells. These results indicate that fibroblasts alter gene expression and mitochondria to compensate for hypoxic stress and maintain viability. Furthermore, the metabolic changes observed, making them more similar to preimplantation embryos, could be facilitating nuclear reprogramming making these cells more amendable to future use in somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany R Mordhorst
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Stephanie L Murphy
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Martin Schauflinger
- 2 Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Tieming Ji
- 3 Department of Statistics, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susanta K Behura
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kevin D Wells
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jonathan A Green
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Randall S Prather
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mordhorst BR, Murphy SL, Ross RM, Benne JA, Samuel MS, Cecil RF, Redel BK, Spate LD, Murphy CN, Wells KD, Green JA, Prather RS. Pharmacologic treatment of donor cells induced to have a Warburg effect-like metabolism does not alter embryonic development in vitro or survival during early gestation when used in somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:290-302. [PMID: 29392839 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a valuable technique for the generation of genetically engineered animals, however, the efficiency of cloning in mammalian species is low (1-3%). Differentiated somatic cells commonly used in nuclear transfer utilize the tricarboxylic acid cycle and cellular respiration for energy production. Comparatively the metabolism of somatic cells contrasts that of the cells within the early embryos which predominately use glycolysis. Early embryos (prior to implantation) are evidenced to exhibit characteristics of a Warburg Effect (WE)-like metabolism. We hypothesized that pharmacologically driven fibroblast cells can become more blastomere-like and result in improved in vitro embryonic development after SCNT. The goals were to determine if subsequent in vitro embryo development is impacted by (1) cloning pharmacologically treated donor cells pushed to have a WE-like metabolism or (2) culturing non-treated donor clones with pharmaceuticals used to push a WE-like metabolism. Additionally, we investigated early gestational survival of the donor-treated clone embryos. Here we demonstrate that in vitro development of clones is not hindered by pharmacologically treating either the donor cells or the embryos themselves with CPI, PS48, or the combination of these drugs. Furthermore, these experiments demonstrate that early embryos (or at least in vitro produced embryos) have a low proportion of mitochondria which have high membrane potential and treatment with these pharmaceuticals does not further alter the mitochondrial function in early embryos. Lastly, we show that survival in early gestation was not different between clones from pharmacologically induced WE-like donor cells and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renee M Ross
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joshua A Benne
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Raissa F Cecil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bethany K Redel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Clifton N Murphy
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jonathan A Green
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|