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Su T, Tang Z, Hu J, Zhu Y, Shen T. Innovative freeze-drying technique in the fabrication of dissolving microneedle patch: Enhancing transdermal drug delivery efficiency. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:3112-3127. [PMID: 38431532 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Microneedle patch (MNP) has become a hot research topic in the field of transdermal drug delivery due to its ability to overcome the stratum corneum barrier. Among the various types of microneedles, dissolving microneedles represent one of the most promising transdermal delivery methods. However, the most used method for preparing dissolving microneedles, namely microfabrication, suffers from issues such as long drying time, susceptibility to humidity, and large batch-to-batch variability, which limit the development of dissolving microneedles. In this study, we report for the first time a method for preparing dissolving microneedles using freeze-drying technology. We screened substrates suitable for freeze-dried microneedle patch (FD-MNP) and used coating technology to enhance the mechanical strength of FD-MNP, allowing them to meet the requirements for skin penetration. We successfully prepared FD-MNP using hyaluronic acid as the substrate and insulin as the model drug. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microneedles had a porous structure. After coating, the mechanical strength of the microneedles was 0.61 N/Needle, and skin penetration rate was 97%, with a penetration depth of 215 μm. The tips of the FD-MNP dissolved completely within approximately 60 s after skin penetration, which is much faster than conventional MNP (180 s). In vitro transdermal experiments showed that the FD-MNP shortened the lag time for transdermal delivery of rhodamine 123 and insulin compared to conventional MNP, indicating a faster transdermal delivery rate. Pharmacological experiments showed that the FD-MNP lowered mouse blood glucose levels more effectively than conventional MNP, with a relative pharmacological availability of 96.59 ± 2.84%, higher than that of conventional MNP (84.34 ± 3.87%), P = 0.0095. After storage under 40℃ for two months, the insulin content within the FD-MNP remained high at 95.27 ± 4.46%, which was much higher than that of conventional MNP (58.73 ± 3.71%), P < 0.0001. In conclusion, freeze-drying technology is a highly valuable method for preparing dissolving microneedles with potential applications in transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zequn Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Koenitz L, Crean A, Vucen S. Pharmacokinetic differences between subcutaneous injection and intradermal microneedle delivery of protein therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024:114517. [PMID: 39349073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics are essential in the treatment of various diseases, but most of them require parenteral administration. Since intravenous and subcutaneous injections are associated with discomfort and pain, other routes have been investigated including intradermal microneedle delivery. Microneedles are shorter than hypodermic needles and therefore minimize contact with pain receptors in deeper skin layers. But the differences in anatomical and physiological characteristics of dermis and subcutis can potentially result in varying protein penetration through the skin, absorption, and metabolism. This review summarizes pharmacokinetic studies that compare the administration of protein therapeutics by subcutaneous injections and different types of microneedles intradermally including hollow, dissolvable, coated, and hydrogel-forming microneedles. Across animal and human studies, hollow microneedle delivery resulted in quicker and higher peak plasma levels of proteins and comparable bioavailability to subcutaneous injections potentially due to the extensive network of lymphatic and blood vessels in the dermis. In case of dissolvable and coated microneedles, drug release kinetics depend on component materials. The dissolution of polymer excipients can slow the release and permeation of protein therapeutics at the administration site and thereby delay absorption. The understanding of drug penetration through different skin layers, its absorption into blood capillaries or lymphatics, and dermal metabolism remains limited. Additionally, the effects of these processes on the differences in pharmacokinetic profiles of proteins following intradermal microneedle administration are not well understood. Greater insights are required for the development of the next generation of intradermal microneedle biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Koenitz
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Abina Crean
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Sonja Vucen
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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3
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Nguyen HX, Nguyen CN. Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:277. [PMID: 36678906 PMCID: PMC9864466 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery provides numerous benefits over conventional routes of administration. However, this strategy is generally limited to a few molecules with specific physicochemical properties (low molecular weight, high potency, and moderate lipophilicity) due to the barrier function of the stratum corneum layer. Researchers have developed several physical enhancement techniques to expand the applications of the transdermal field; among these, microneedle technology has recently emerged as a promising platform to deliver therapeutic agents of any size into and across the skin. Typically, hydrophilic biomolecules cannot penetrate the skin by passive diffusion. Microneedle insertion disrupts skin integrity and compromises its protective function, thus creating pathways (microchannels) for enhanced permeation of macromolecules. Microneedles not only improve stability but also enhance skin delivery of various biomolecules. Academic institutions and industrial companies have invested substantial resources in the development of microneedle systems for biopharmaceutical delivery. This review article summarizes the most recent research to provide a comprehensive discussion about microneedle-mediated delivery of macromolecules, covering various topics from the introduction of the skin, transdermal delivery, microneedles, and biopharmaceuticals (current status, conventional administration, and stability issues), to different microneedle types, clinical trials, safety and acceptability of microneedles, manufacturing and regulatory issues, and the future of microneedle technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep X. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Chien N. Nguyen
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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4
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The clinical and translational prospects of microneedle devices, with a focus on insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus as a case study. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122234. [PMID: 36191817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles have the clinical advantage of being able to deliver complex drugs across the skin in a convenient and comfortable manner yet haven't successfully transitioned to medical practice. Diabetes mellitus is a complicated disease, which is commonly treated with multiple daily insulin injections, contributing to poor treatment adherence. Firstly, this review determines the clinical prospect of microneedles, alongside considerations that ought to be addressed before microneedle technology can be translated from bench to bedside. Thereafter, we use diabetes as a case study to consider how microneedle-based-technology may be successfully harnessed. Here, publications referring to insulin microneedles were evaluated to understand whether insertion efficiency, angle of insertion, successful dose delivery, dose adjustability, material biocompatibility and therapeutic stability are being addressed in early stage research. Moreover, over 3,000 patents from 1970-2019 were reviewed with the search term '"microneedle" AND "insulin"' to understand the current status of the field. In conclusion, the reporting of early stage microneedle research demonstrated a lack of consistency relating to the translational factors addressed. Additionally, a more rational design, based on a patient-centred approach is required before microneedle-based delivery systems can be used to revolutionise the lives of people living with diabetes following regulatory approval.
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Parhi R, Sahoo SK, Das A. Applications of polysaccharides in topical and transdermal drug delivery: A recent update of literature. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anik Das
- GITAM Deemed to be University, India
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6
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen TTD, Tran NMA, Vo GV. Advances of microneedles in hormone delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112393. [PMID: 34773762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is recognized as a potential target for local and systemic drug delivery and hormone. However, the transdermal route of drug administration seems to be limited by substantial barrier properties of the skin. Recently, delivering hormone via the skin by transdermal patches is a big challenge because of the presence of the stratum corneum that prevents the application of hormone via this route. In order to overcome the limitations, microneedle (MN), consisting of micro-sized needles, are a promising approach to drill the stratum corneum and release hormone into the dermis via a minimal-invasive route. This review aimed to highlight advances in research on the development of MNs-based therapeutics for their implications in hormone delivery. The challenges during clinical translation of MNs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thuy Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen-Minh-An Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 71420, Viet Nam.
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
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7
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Zhang N, Zhou X, Liu L, Zhao L, Xie H, Yang Z. Dissolving Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Insulin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719905. [PMID: 34630098 PMCID: PMC8493413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It’s of great significance to develop insulin-loaded dissolving microneedles (MNs) which are fabricated with various methods and materials for transdermal delivery of insulin to effectively and efficiently treat diabetes. In this work, we present a kind of FITC-insulin tip-loaded dissolving MNs fabricated with the mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sucrose using homemade PDMS MNs mold under vacuum conditions. The uniform appearance of MN arrays contributes to controlling the drug dosage well as required. Sufficient mechanical strength for penetrating tough stratum corneum can be obtained by vacuum frozen-drying for at least 6 h after peeling MNs off the mold. About 90% of the FITC-insulin is localized in the conical MN tips and can be released into the skin within 2 min after insertion. The in vivo insulin absorption study and hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice demonstrate that the proposed insulin-loaded MNs can efficiently deliver the insulin to the systemic circulation and exhibit a similar effect to hypodermic injection on hypoglycemic administration. Together these results suggested that the efficient MN fabrication process proposed in this work shows great potential for mass production and practical application of drug-loaded dissolving MNs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Electrical Diagnosis, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Liaoning TCM Academy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lini Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihang Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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8
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Advances of Microneedles in Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195912. [PMID: 34641460 PMCID: PMC8512585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A microneedle (MN) is a painless and minimally invasive drug delivery device initially developed in 1976. As microneedle technology evolves, microneedles with different shapes (cone and pyramid) and forms (solid, drug-coated, hollow, dissolvable and hydrogel-based microneedles) have been developed. The main objective of this review is the applications of microneedles in biomedical areas. Firstly, the classifications and manufacturing of microneedle are briefly introduced so that we can learn the advantages and fabrications of different MNs. Secondly, research of microneedles in biomedical therapy such as drug delivery systems, diagnoses of disease, as well as wound repair and cancer therapy are overviewed. Finally, the safety and the vision of the future of MNs are discussed.
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9
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The role of microneedle arrays in drug delivery and patient monitoring to prevent diabetes induced fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113825. [PMID: 34111467 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects approximately 450 million adults globally. If not effectively managed, chronic hyperglycaemia causes tissue damage that can develop into fibrosis. Fibrosis leads to end-organ complications, failure of organ systems occurs, which can ultimately cause death. One strategy to tackle end-organ complications is to maintain normoglycaemia. Conventionally, insulin is administered subcutaneously. Whilst effective, this delivery route shows several limitations, including pain. The transdermal route is a favourable alternative. Microneedle (MN) arrays are minimally invasive and painless devices that can enhance transdermal drug delivery. Convincing evidence is provided on MN-mediated insulin delivery. MN arrays can also be used as a diagnostic tool and monitor glucose levels. Furthermore, sophisticated MN array-based systems that integrate glucose monitoring and drug delivery into a single device have been designed. Therefore, MN technology has potential to revolutionise diabetes management. This review describes the current applications of MN technology for diabetes management and how these could prevent diabetes induced fibrosis.
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10
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Liu T, Chen M, Fu J, Sun Y, Lu C, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Recent advances in microneedles-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2326-2343. [PMID: 34522590 PMCID: PMC8424228 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have become a significant therapeutic modality for various diseases because of their high potency and specificity. However, the inherent properties of these drugs, such as large molecular weight, poor stability, and conformational flexibility, make them difficult to be formulated and delivered. Injection is the primary route for clinical administration of protein and peptide drugs, which usually leads to poor patient's compliance. As a portable, minimally invasive device, microneedles (MNs) can overcome the skin barrier and generate reversible microchannels for effective macromolecule permeation. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in MNs-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Emphasis was given to the latest development in representative MNs design and fabrication. We also summarize the current application status of MNs-mediated transdermal protein and peptide delivery, especially in the field of infectious disease, diabetes, cancer, and other disease therapy. Finally, the current status of clinical translation and a perspective on future development are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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GhavamiNejad A, Lu B, Samarikhalaj M, Liu JF, Mirzaie S, Pereira S, Zhou L, Giacca A, Wu XY. Transdermal delivery of a somatostatin receptor type 2 antagonist using microneedle patch technology for hypoglycemia prevention. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:792-804. [PMID: 33683625 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a serious and potentially fatal complication experienced by people with insulin-dependent diabetes. The complication is usually caused by insulin overdose, skipping meals, and/or excessive physical activities. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), on top of impaired pancreatic α-cells, excessive levels of somatostatin from δ-cells further inhibit glucagon secretion to counteract overdosed insulin. Herein, we aimed to develop a microneedle (MN) patch for transdermal delivery of a peptide (PRL-2903) that antagonizes somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) in α-cells. First, we investigated the efficacy of subcutaneously administered PRL-2903 and identified the optimal dose (i.e., the minimum effective dose) and treatment scheduling (i.e., the best administration time for hypoglycemia prevention) in a T1D rat model. We then designed an MN patch using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based polymer. The possible effect of the polymer on stabilizing the native structure of PRL-2903 was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that the HA-based polymer could stabilize the PRL-2903 structure by restricting water molecules, promoting intra-molecular H-bonding, and constraining torsional angles of important bonds. In vivo studies with an overdose insulin challenge revealed that the PRL-2903-loaded MN patch effectively increased the plasma glucagon level, restored the counter-regulation of blood glucose concentration, and prevented hypoglycemia. The proposed MN patch is the first demonstration of a transdermal microneedle patch designed to deliver an SSTR2 antagonist for the prevention of hypoglycemia. This counter-regulatory peptide delivery system may be applied alongside with insulin delivery systems to provide a more effective and safer treatment for people with insulin-dependent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Melisa Samarikhalaj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jackie Fule Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sako Mirzaie
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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12
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Delivery of Insulin via Skin Route for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Approaches for Breaching the Obstacles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010100. [PMID: 33466845 PMCID: PMC7830404 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Subcutaneous injections are the standard mode of delivery for insulin therapy; however, this procedure is very often invasive, which hinders patient compliance, particularly for individuals requiring insulin doses four times a day. Furthermore, cases have been reported of sudden hypoglycemia occurrences following multidose insulin injections. Such an invasive and intensive approach motivates the quest for alternative, more user-friendly insulin administration approaches. For example, transdermal delivery has numerous advantages, such as prolonged drug release, low variability in the drug plasma level, and improved patient compliance. In this paper, the authors summarize different approaches used in transdermal insulin delivery, including microneedles, chemical permeation enhancers, sonophoresis, patches, electroporation, iontophoresis, vesicular formulations, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and microdermabrasion. Transdermal systems for insulin delivery are still being widely researched. The conclusions presented in this paper are extracted from the literature, notably, that the transdermal route could effectively and reliably deliver insulin into the circulatory system. Consistent progress in this area will ensure that some of the aforementioned transdermal insulin delivery systems will be introduced in clinical practice and commercially available in the near future.
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13
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Dabholkar N, Gorantla S, Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Kothuru A, Goel S, Singhvi G. Biodegradable microneedles fabricated with carbohydrates and proteins: Revolutionary approach for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:602-621. [PMID: 33387545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a surge in the use of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) for the past few years. The market of TDDS is expected to reach USD 7.1 billion by 2023, from USD 5.7 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 4.5%. Microneedles (MNs) are a novel class of TDDS with advantages of reduced pain, low infection risk, ease of application, controlled release of therapeutic agents, and enhanced bioavailability. Biodegradable MNs fabricated from natural polymers have become the center of attention among formulation scientists because of their recognized biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, and sustainable character. In this review, we summarize the various polysaccharides and polypeptide based biomaterials that are used to fabricate biodegradable MNs. Particular emphasis is given to cellulose and its derivatives, starch, and complex carbohydrate polymers such as alginates, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, xanthan gum, pullulan, and hyaluronic acid. Additionally, novel protein-based polymers such as zein, collagen, gelatin, fish scale and silk fibroin (polyamino acid) biopolymers application in transdermal drug delivery have also been discussed. The current review will provide a unique perspective to the readers on the developments of biodegradable MNs composed of carbohydrates and protein polymers with their clinical applications and patent status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dabholkar
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Avinash Kothuru
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Principal Investigator: MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Principal Investigator: MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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14
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Gupta J, Gupta R, Vanshita. Microneedle Technology: An Insight into Recent Advancements and Future Trends in Drug and Vaccine Delivery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 19:97-114. [PMID: 33297823 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, microneedle (MN) induced microporation multifunctional approaches to enhance the delivery of drugs through the skin. MN technology included micron-sized needles to create microchannels into the Stratum corneum of skin, the most significant protective layer. Delivery of drugs and vaccines through the transdermal route is an alternative route for hypodermic and oral. It overcomes the problems associated with gastrointestinal along with drug deterioration. It is affordable, noninvasive, painless, simple, and self-administered techniques that provide prolonged release of drugs to enhance patient compliance. The MN delivery focused on biopharmaceuticals like proteins or peptides. The novel concepts have drawn interest in using these techniques in tandem with other enhancement approaches. This review article discussed the latest advancements in MN technology. It emphasized types of MNs, methodology, mechanisms, strategies for delivery of several drugs and vaccines, and significant challenges in the marketing of biopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, relevant U.S. patents and clinical trials based on MNs are also accentuated. Therefore, MN techniques will play a pivotal role in promoting clinical applications and innovative research for scientists and researchers working in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | | | - Vanshita
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Pukfukdee P, Banlunara W, Rutwaree T, Limcharoen B, Sawutdeechaikul P, Pattarakankul T, Sansureerungsikul T, Toprangkobsin P, Leelahavanichkul A, Panchaprateep R, Asawanonda P, Palaga T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Solid Composite Material for Delivering Viable Cells into Skin Tissues via Detachable Dissolvable Microneedles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4581-4589. [PMID: 35025457 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivering cells to desired locations in the body is needed for disease treatments, tissue repairs, and various scientific investigations such as animal models for drug development. Here, we report the solid composite material that when embedded with viable cells, can temporarily keep cells alive. Using the material, we also show the fabrication of detachable dissolvable microneedles (DMNs) that can instantly deliver viable cells into skin tissue. B16-F10-murine-melanoma (B16-F10) and human-embryonic-kidney-293T (HEK293T) cells embedded in the solid matrix of the hyaluronic/polyvinylpyrolidone/maltose (HA/PVP/maltose) mixture show 50.6 ± 12.0 and 71.0 ± 5.96% survivals, respectively, when kept at 4 °C for 24 h. Detachable DMNs made of the HA/PVP/maltose mixture and loaded with B16-F10-cells were constructed, and the obtained DMN patches could detach the cell-loaded needles into the skin within 1 min of patch application. In vivo intradermal tumorgrafting mice with the DMNs containing 800 cells of B16-F10 developed tumors 10 times bigger in volume than tumors induced by hypodermic needle injection of suspension containing 100,000 cells. We anticipate this work to be a starting point for viable cell encapsulation in the solid matrix and viable cell delivery via DMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttikorn Pukfukdee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teeranut Rutwaree
- Mineed Technology, 141-145 Innovation Cluster 2, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Thitiporn Pattarakankul
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pattrawadee Toprangkobsin
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Asfour MH. Advanced trends in protein and peptide drug delivery: a special emphasis on aquasomes and microneedles techniques. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1-23. [PMID: 32337668 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have a great potential as therapeutic agents; they have higher efficiency and lower toxicity, compared to chemical drugs. However, their oral bioavailability is very low; also, the transdermal peptide delivery faces absorption limitations. Accordingly, most of proteins and peptides are administered by parenteral route, but there are many problems associated with this route such as patient discomfort, especially for pediatric use. Thus, it is a great challenge to develop drug delivery systems for administration of proteins and peptides by routes other than parenteral one. This review provides an overview on recent advances adopted for protein and peptide drug delivery, focusing on oral and transdermal routes. This is followed by an emphasis on two recent approaches adopted as delivery systems for protein and peptide drugs, namely aquasomes and microneedles. Aquasomes are nanoparticles fabricated from ceramics developed to enhance proteins and peptides stability, providing an adequate residence time in circulation. It consists of ceramic core coated with poly hydroxyl oligomer, on which protein and peptide drug can be adsorbed. Aquasomes preparation, characterization, and application in protein and peptide drug delivery are discussed. Microneedles are promising transdermal approach; it involves creation of micron-sized pores in the skin for enhancing the drug delivery across the skin, as their length ranged between 150 and 1500 μm. Types of microneedles with different drug delivery mechanisms, characterization, and application in protein and peptide drug delivery are discussed. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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Flexible two-layer dissolving and safing microneedle transdermal of neurotoxin: A biocomfortable attempt to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Insulin delivery systems combined with microneedle technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:119-137. [PMID: 29604374 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a metabolic disorder of glucose, is a serious chronic disease and an important public health problem. Insulin is one of the hormones for modulating blood glucose level and the products of which is indispensable for most diabetes patients. Introducing microneedles (MNs) to insulin delivery is promising to pave the way for modulating glucose level noninvasively of diabetes patients, as which born to be painless, easy to handle and no need of any power supply. In this work, we review the process of insulin delivery systems (IDSs) based on MN technology in terms of two categories: drug free MNs and drug loaded MNs. Drug free MNs include solid MNs ("poke and patch"), hollow MNs ("poke and flow") and reservoir-based swelling MNs ("poke and swell R-type"), and drug loaded MNs include coated MNs ("coat and poke"), dissolving MNs ("poke and release") and insulin incorporated swelling MNs ("poke and swell I-type"). Majority researches of MN-based IDSs have been conducted by using hollow MNs or dissolving MNs, and almost all clinical trials for MN-based IDSs have employed hollow MNs. "Poke and patch" approach dramatically increase skin permeability compared to traditional transdermal patch, but MNs fabricated from silicon or metal may leave sharp waste in the skin and cause a safety issue. "Poke and flow" approach, similar to transitional subcutaneous (SC) injection, is capable of producing faster insulin absorption and action than SC injection but may associate with blockage, leakage and low flow rate. Coated MNs are able of retaining the activity of drug, which loaded in a solid phase, for a long time, however have been relatively less studied for insulin application as the low drug dosing. "Poke and release" approach leaves no biohazardous sharp medical waste and is capable of rapid drug release. "Poke and swell R-type" can be seen as a combination of "poke and flow" and "poke and patch" approach, while "poke and swell I-type" is an approach between "coat and poke" and "poke and release" approach. Insulin MNs are promising for painless diabetes therapeutics, and additional efforts for addressing fundamental issues including the drug loading, the PK/PD profile, the storage and the safety of insulin MNs will accelerate the clinical transformation.
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Ye Y, Yu J, Wen D, Kahkoska AR, Gu Z. Polymeric microneedles for transdermal protein delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:106-118. [PMID: 29408182 PMCID: PMC6020694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of therapeutic proteins generally present a major impediment for transdermal delivery, including their relatively large molecule size and susceptibility to degradation. One solution is to utilize microneedles (MNs), which are capable of painlessly traversing the stratum corneum and directly translocating protein drugs into the systematic circulation. MNs can be designed to incorporate appropriate structural materials as well as therapeutics or formulations with tailored physicochemical properties. This platform technique has been applied to deliver drugs both locally and systemically in applications ranging from vaccination to diabetes and cancer therapy. This review surveys the current design and use of polymeric MNs for transdermal protein delivery. The clinical potential and future translation of MNs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Di Wen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Shah V, Choudhury BK. Fabrication, Physicochemical Characterization, and Performance Evaluation of Biodegradable Polymeric Microneedle Patch System for Enhanced Transcutaneous Flux of High Molecular Weight Therapeutics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2936-2948. [PMID: 28432615 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A revolutionary paradigm shift is being observed currently, towards the use of therapeutic biologics for disease management. The present research was focused on designing an efficient dosage form for transdermal delivery of α-choriogonadotropin (high molecular weight biologic), through biodegradable polymeric microneedles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-based biodegradable microneedle arrays loaded with high molecular weight polypeptide, α-choriogonadotropin, were fabricated for its systemic delivery via transdermal route. Varied process and formulation parameters were optimized for fabricating microneedle array, which in turn was expected to temporally rupture the stratum corneum layer of the skin, acting as a major barrier to drug delivery through transdermal route. The developed polymeric microneedles were optimized on the basis of quality attributes like mechanical strength, axial strength, insertion ratio, and insertion force analysis. The optimized polymeric microneedle arrays were characterized for in vitro drug release studies, ex vivo drug permeation studies, skin resealing studies, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Results depicted that fabricated polymeric microneedle arrays with mechanical strength of above 5 N and good insertion ratio exhibited similar systemic bioavailability of α-choriogonadotropin in comparison to marketed subcutaneous injection formulation of α-choriogonadotropin. Thus, it was ultimately concluded that the designed drug delivery system can serve as an efficient tool for systemic delivery of therapeutic biologics, with an added benefit of overcoming the limitations of parenteral delivery, achieving better patient acceptability and compliance.
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21
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Rabies vaccination in dogs using a dissolving microneedle patch. J Control Release 2016; 239:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Microfabrication for Drug Delivery. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080646. [PMID: 28773770 PMCID: PMC5509096 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to discussing the application of microfabrication technologies to target challenges encountered in life processes by the development of drug delivery systems. Recently, microfabrication has been largely applied to solve health and pharmaceutical science issues. In particular, fabrication methods along with compatible materials have been successfully designed to produce multifunctional, highly effective drug delivery systems. Microfabrication offers unique tools that can tackle problems in this field, such as ease of mass production with high quality control and low cost, complexity of architecture design and a broad range of materials. Presented is an overview of silicon- and polymer-based fabrication methods that are key in the production of microfabricated drug delivery systems. Moreover, the efforts focused on studying the biocompatibility of materials used in microfabrication are analyzed. Finally, this review discusses representative ways microfabrication has been employed to develop systems delivering drugs through the transdermal and oral route, and to improve drug eluting implants. Additionally, microfabricated vaccine delivery systems are presented due to the great impact they can have in obtaining a cold chain-free vaccine, with long-term stability. Microfabrication will continue to offer new, alternative solutions for the development of smart, advanced drug delivery systems.
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23
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Kovalainen M, Mönkäre J, Riikonen J, Pesonen U, Vlasova M, Salonen J, Lehto VP, Järvinen K, Herzig KH. Novel delivery systems for improving the clinical use of peptides. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:541-61. [PMID: 26023145 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides have long been recognized as a promising group of therapeutic substances to treat various diseases. Delivery systems for peptides have been under development since the discovery of insulin for the treatment of diabetes. The challenge of using peptides as drugs arises from their poor bioavailability resulting from the low permeability of biological membranes and their instability. Currently, subcutaneous injection is clinically the most common administration route for peptides. This route is cost-effective and suitable for self-administration, and the development of appropriate dosing equipment has made performing the repeated injections relatively easy; however, only few clinical subcutaneous peptide delivery systems provide sustained peptide release. As a result, frequent injections are needed, which may cause discomfort and additional risks resulting from a poor administration technique. Controlled peptide delivery systems, able to provide required therapeutic plasma concentrations over an extended period, are needed to increase peptide safety and patient compliancy. In this review, we summarize the current peptidergic drugs, future developments, and parenteral peptide delivery systems. Special emphasis is given to porous silicon, a novel material in peptide delivery. Biodegradable and biocompatible porous silicon possesses some unique properties, such as the ability to carry exceptional high peptide payloads and to modify peptide release extensively. We have successfully developed porous silicon as a carrier material for improved parenteral peptide delivery. Nanotechnology, with its different delivery systems, will enable better use of peptides in several therapeutic applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Kovalainen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Juha Mönkäre
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Joakim Riikonen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Maria Vlasova
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Kristiina Järvinen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine (M.K., K.-H.H.) and Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (K.-H.H.), Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (J.R.), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry (V.-P.L.), and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.V., K.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics (U.P.), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (J.S.), University of Turku, Finland; and Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.M.)
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Ito Y, Kobuchi S, Takemura Y, Aoki M, Haruna M, Sakaeda T, Takada K. Prolonged hypoglycemic effects obtained by two-layered dissolving microneedles containing insulin glargine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
A microneedle system has been developed to deliver chemical and biological agents through the stratum corneum, which is the main barrier to drug delivery. Recently, microneedles have been fabricated from various kinds of polymers, including biocompatible polymer, biodegradable polymer, and water-soluble polymer. Polymer microneedles offer the benefits of ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and mass production, as well as controlled drug release using the water solubility and degradation properties of polymer. In this review, the key features of polymer microneedles are discussed, including fabrication, materials, mechanical properties, drug delivery properties, and applications. Polymer microneedles provide a promising method for transdermal drug delivery by utilizing various physical and chemical properties of polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Lee
- a School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mee-Ree Han
- b Department of BioNano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- b Department of BioNano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kim YC, Park JH, Prausnitz MR. Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1547-68. [PMID: 22575858 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1012] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles were first conceptualized for drug delivery many decades ago, but only became the subject of significant research starting in the mid-1990's when microfabrication technology enabled their manufacture as (i) solid microneedles for skin pretreatment to increase skin permeability, (ii) microneedles coated with drug that dissolves off in the skin, (iii) polymer microneedles that encapsulate drug and fully dissolve in the skin and (iv) hollow microneedles for drug infusion into the skin. As shown in more than 350 papers now published in the field, microneedles have been used to deliver a broad range of different low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutics and vaccines, including published human studies with a number of small-molecule and protein drugs and vaccines. Influenza vaccination using a hollow microneedle is in widespread clinical use and a number of solid microneedle products are sold for cosmetic purposes. In addition to applications in the skin, microneedles have also been adapted for delivery of bioactives into the eye and into cells. Successful application of microneedles depends on device function that facilitates microneedle insertion and possible infusion into skin, skin recovery after microneedle removal, and drug stability during manufacturing, storage and delivery, and on patient outcomes, including lack of pain, skin irritation and skin infection, in addition to drug efficacy and safety. Building off a strong technology base and multiple demonstrations of successful drug delivery, microneedles are poised to advance further into clinical practice to enable better pharmaceutical therapies, vaccination and other applications.
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Strambini LM, Longo A, Diligenti A, Barillaro G. A minimally invasive microchip for transdermal injection/sampling applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3370-3379. [PMID: 22773092 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and characterization of a minimally invasive silicon microchip for transdermal injection/sampling applications are reported and discussed. The microchip exploits an array of silicon-dioxide hollow microneedles with density of one million needles cm(-2) and lateral size of a few micrometers, protruding from the front-side chip surface for one hundred micrometers, to inject/draw fluids into/from the skin. The microneedles are in connection with independent reservoirs grooved on the back-side of the chip. Insertion experiments of the microchip in skin-like polymers (agarose hydrogels with concentrations of 2% and 4% wt) demonstrate that the microneedles successfully withstand penetration without breaking, despite their high density and small size, according to theoretical predictions. Operation of the microchip with different liquids of biomedical interest (deionized water, NaCl solution, and d-glucose solution) at different differential pressures, in the range 10-100 kPa, highlights that the flow-rate through the microneedles is linearly dependent on the pressure-drop, despite the small section area (about 13 μm(2)) of the microneedle bore, and can be finely controlled from a few ml min(-1) up to tens of ml min(-1). Evaporation (at room temperature) and acceleration (up to 80 g) losses through the microneedles are also investigated to quantify the ability of the chip in storing liquids (drug to be delivered or collected fluid) in the reservoir, and result to be of the order of 70 nl min(-1) and 1300 nl min(-1), respectively, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucanos M Strambini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione: Elettronica, Informatica, Telecomunicazioni, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy
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Ito Y, Hirono M, Fukushima K, Sugioka N, Takada K. Two-layered dissolving microneedles formulated with intermediate-acting insulin. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:387-93. [PMID: 22750407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-layered dissolving microneedles (DMs) containing intermediate-acting insulin, protamine sulfate insulin (PSI), were prepared. Then a pharmacodynamic study was performed to evaluate the prolonged hypoglycemic effects in rats. The DMs were approximately 497±5 μm long, with 303±3 μm diameter at their base. The length of the insulin loaded space was 182±4 μm. PSI contents in DMs were 0.51±0.02 IU. A three-month stability study showed that 99.9±1.4% of PSI was recovered at 4 °C. As the temperature increased to 40 °C, recovery decreased to 97.5±2.0%. PSI was released within 5 min from DMs. Hypoglycemic effects of PSI DMs were evaluated in rats where subcutaneous injection preparations were used as references. Total area above the plasma glucose level (% of the pre-dose level) vs. time curve as an index of hypoglycemic effect was 144.0±16.0% h and 243.3±8.5% h for PSI DMs at 1.46 and 3.28 IU/kg. The relative pharmacologic availability of PSI from DMs were 100.2±9.8% and 91.4±4.1%. No significant difference of hypoglycemic curves was found between DMs and injection solutions, which suggests the usefulness of two-layered DMs of PSI for the displacement therapy of sc injection preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
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Recent advances in the administration of vaccines for infectious diseases: microneedles as painless delivery devices for mass vaccination. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:1061-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gupta J, Gill HS, Andrews SN, Prausnitz MR. Kinetics of skin resealing after insertion of microneedles in human subjects. J Control Release 2011; 154:148-55. [PMID: 21640148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, microneedles have been shown to dramatically increase skin permeability to a broad range of compounds by creating reversible microchannels in the skin. However, in order to achieve sustained transdermal drug delivery, the extent and duration of skin's increased permeability needs to be determined. In this study, we used electrical impedance spectroscopy to perform the first experiments in human subjects to analyze the resealing of skin's barrier properties after insertion of microneedles. Microneedles having a range of geometries were studied in conjunction with the effect of occlusion to test the hypothesis that increasing microneedle length, number, and cross-sectional area together with occlusion leads to an increase in skin resealing time that can exceed one day. Results indicated that in the absence of occlusion, all microneedle treated sites recovered barrier properties within 2 h, while occluded sites resealed more slowly, with resealing windows ranging from 3 to 40 h depending on microneedle geometry. Upon subsequent removal of occlusion, the skin barrier resealed rapidly. Longer microneedles, increased number of needles, and larger cross-sectional area demonstrated slower resealing kinetics indicating that microneedle geometry played a significant role in the barrier resealing process. Overall, this study showed that pre-treatment of skin with microneedles before applying an occlusive transdermal patch can increase skin permeability for more than one day, but nonetheless allow skin to reseal rapidly after patch removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Ito Y, Murano H, Hamasaki N, Fukushima K, Takada K. Incidence of low bioavailability of leuprolide acetate after percutaneous administration to rats by dissolving microneedles. Int J Pharm 2011; 407:126-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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