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Rachmiel M, Lebenthal Y, Mazor-Aronovitch K, Brener A, Levek N, Levran N, Chorna E, Dekel M, Barash G, Landau Z, Pinhas-Hamiel O. Glycaemic control in the paediatric and young adult population with type 1 diabetes following a single telehealth visit - what have we learned from the COVID-19 lockdown? Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:697-705. [PMID: 33511493 PMCID: PMC7842171 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Children with chronic diseases were unable to receive their usual care during COVID-19 lockdown. We assessed the feasibility and impact of telehealth visits on the time-in-range (TIR) of paediatric individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS An observational multicentre real-life study. Patients scheduled for an in-clinic visit during the lockdown were offered to participate in a telehealth visit. Sociodemographic, clinical, continuous glucose monitor and pump data were recorded 2 weeks prior and 2 weeks after telehealth visit. The primary endpoint was change in relative-TIR, i.e. change in TIR divided by the percent of possible change (∆TIR/(100-TIRbefore)*100). RESULTS The study group comprised 195 individuals with T1D (47.7% males), mean±SD age 14.6 ± 5.3 years, and diabetes duration 6.0 ± 4.6 years. Telehealth was accomplished with 121 patients and their parents (62.0%); 74 (38.0%) did not transfer complete data. Mean TIR was significantly higher for the two-week period after the telehealth visit than for the two-week period prior the visit (62.9 ± 16.0, p < 0.001 vs. 59.0 ± 17.2); the improvement in relative-TIR was 5.7±26.1%. Initial higher mean glucose level, lower TIR, less time spent at <54 mg/dl range, longer time spent at 180-250 mg/dl range, higher daily insulin dose, and single-parent household were associated with improved relative-TIR. Multiple regression logistic analysis demonstrated only initial lower TIR and single-parent household were significant, odds ratio: -0.506, (95%CI -0.99,-0.023), p=0.04 and 13.82, (95%CI 0.621, 27.016), p=0.04, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric and young adult patients with T1D benefited from a telehealth visit during COVID-19. However, this modality is not yet suitable for a considerable proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rachmiel
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kineret Mazor-Aronovitch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Avivit Brener
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Levek
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Neria Levran
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Chorna
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Dekel
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Galia Barash
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Landau
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
- Pediatrics Department, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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El Youssef J. IN CONTROL of type 1 diabetes, despite hypoglycaemia unawareness. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:874-875. [PMID: 27641782 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph El Youssef
- Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Colberg SR, Vinik AI. Exercising with peripheral or autonomic neuropathy: what health care providers and diabetic patients need to know. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2014; 42:15-23. [PMID: 24565817 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2014.02.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both peripheral and autonomic neuropathies are characterized by a progressive loss of nerve fiber function. Most peripheral neuropathy affects the extremities, particularly the lower legs and the feet, but also the hands, whereas damage to the autonomic nervous system may lead to imbalances between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the heart and blood vessels, as well as abnormalities in heart rate control and vascular dynamics. To prescribe or engage in exercise that is both safe and effective, health care providers and patients with diabetes mellitus need to increase their understanding of the pathophysiological nature of neuropathies and the physical activity hurdles that may arise from the presence of a neuropathy. With proper care and preventative measures, patients with diabetes mellitus that experience either type of neuropathy can benefit from regular participation in mild to moderate aerobic, resistance, and balance activities, assuming they take any potential alterations into account to ensure that exercise is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri R Colberg
- Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.
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Ramotowska A, Szypowska A. Bolus calculator and wirelessly communicated blood glucose measurement effectively reduce hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic children - randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:146-53. [PMID: 24115314 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bolus calculator function and wireless communication between insulin pump and blood glucose metre on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes, treated with insulin pumps. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, 12-week trial, 156 patients, aged 12.9 ± 2.6 years, with a history of diabetes of 5.1 ± 3.3 years and glycated haemoglobin values of 7.3 ± 1.2% (56.3 ± 13.44 mmol/mol) were included. Children were assigned to one of three arms: group A, subjects using bolus calculator and wireless communication between insulin pump and blood glucose metre; group B, subjects using bolus calculator without communication between the devices and group C, control group. Devices were downloaded at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS There were statistically fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia in children using bolus calculator compared with the control group: A versus C (3.8 ± 3.1 versus 7.8 ± 5.13 episodes/2 weeks, respectively, p < 0.0001); B versus C (3.6 ± 3.3 versus 7.8 ± 5.1 episodes/2 weeks, respectively, p < 0.0001). Patients in group A used bolus calculator function significantly more frequently than patients in group B (4.9 ± 3.4 versus 2.5 ± 2.9 times/24 h, respectively, p = 0.0006). No significant differences in glycated haemoglobin levels were found between the experimental and the control groups: group A versus C (p = 0.699). The use of bolus calculator did not influence post-prandial glycaemia, body mass index-SD score or insulin/kg/24 h. CONCLUSIONS Bolus calculator use reduces hypoglycaemic episodes independently of communication between insulin pump and blood glucose metre. Wireless communication between devices results in more frequent bolus calculator use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramotowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Awoniyi O, Rehman R, Dagogo-Jack S. Hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13:669-78. [PMID: 23912765 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is uncommon in the general, nondiabetic population but occurs frequently in persons with diabetes treated with insulin or insulin secretagogues. Thus, iatrogenic hypoglycemia explains the majority of cases among persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Since T1DM is characterized by absolute insulin dependence, the current imperfections in insulin replacement therapies often lead to a mismatch between caloric supply and circulating insulin levels, thus increasing the risk for glycemic fluctuations. Hypoglycemia is the limiting factor to excellent glycemic control in insulin-treated subjects. Intensification of glycemic control was associated with a 300 % increase in the rate of hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Recent measurements using continuous glucose monitoring reveal an alarming rate of daytime and nocturnal episodes of hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM. Etiological factors underlying hypoglycemia in T1DM include predictable triggers (skipped meals, exercise, insulin over dosage) as well as defective counterregulation, a component of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omodele Awoniyi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism & Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Kalra S, Mukherjee JJ, Venkataraman S, Bantwal G, Shaikh S, Saboo B, Das AK, Ramachandran A. Hypoglycemia: The neglected complication. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:819-34. [PMID: 24083163 PMCID: PMC3784865 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.117219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is an important complication of glucose-lowering therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Attempts made at intensive glycemic control invariably increases the risk of hypoglycemia. A six-fold increase in deaths due to diabetes has been attributed to patients experiencing severe hypoglycemia in comparison to those not experiencing severe hypoglycemia Repeated episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to impairment of the counter-regulatory system with the potential for development of hypoglycemia unawareness. The short- and long-term complications of diabetes related hypoglycemia include precipitation of acute cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, neurocognitive dysfunction, retinal cell death and loss of vision in addition to health-related quality of life issues pertaining to sleep, driving, employment, recreational activities involving exercise and travel. There is an urgent need to examine the clinical spectrum and burden of hypoglycemia so that adequate control measures can be implemented against this neglected life-threatening complication. Early recognition of hypoglycemia risk factors, self-monitoring of blood glucose, selection of appropriate treatment regimens with minimal or no risk of hypoglycemia and appropriate educational programs for healthcare professionals and patients with diabetes are the major ways forward to maintain good glycemic control, minimize the risk of hypoglycemia and thereby prevent long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Bharti Research Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Jagat Jyoti Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ganapathi Bantwal
- Department of Endocrinology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Shehla Shaikh
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince Aly Khan Hospital and Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Department of Diabetology, Dia Care Diabetes Care Centre, Ahmedabad, India
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Yue JT, Riddell MC, Burdett E, Coy DH, Efendic S, Vranic M. Amelioration of hypoglycemia via somatostatin receptor type 2 antagonism in recurrently hypoglycemic diabetic rats. Diabetes 2013; 62:2215-22. [PMID: 23434929 PMCID: PMC3712070 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective antagonism of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) normalizes glucagon and corticosterone responses to hypoglycemic clamp in diabetic rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SSTR2 antagonism (SSTR2a) ameliorates hypoglycemia in response to overinsulinization in diabetic rats previously exposed to recurrent hypoglycemia. Streptozotocin diabetic rats (n = 19), previously subjected to five hypoglycemia events over 3 days, received an insulin bolus (10 units/kg i.v.) plus insulin infusion (50 mU/kg/min i.v.) until hypoglycemia ensued (≤3.9 mmol/L) (experimental day 1 [Expt-D1]). The next day (Expt-D2), rats were allocated to receive either placebo treatment (n = 7) or SSTR2a infusion (3,000 nmol/kg/min i.v., n = 12) 60 min prior to the same insulin regimen. On Expt-D1, all rats developed hypoglycemia by ∼90 min, while on Expt-D2, hypoglycemia was attenuated with SSTR2a treatment (nadir = 3.7 ± 0.3 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L in SSTR2a and controls, P < 0.01). Glucagon response to hypoglycemia on Expt-D2 deteriorated by 20-fold in the placebo group (P < 0.001) but improved in the SSTR2a group (threefold increase in area under the curve [AUC], P < 0.001). Corticosterone response deteriorated in the placebo-treated rats on Expt-D2 but increased twofold in the SSTR2a group. Catecholamine responses were not affected by SSTR2a. Thus, SSTR2 antagonism after recurrent hypoglycemia improves the glucagon and corticosterone responses and largely ameliorates insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T.Y. Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C. Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding authors: Michael C. Riddell, , and Mladen Vranic,
| | - Elena Burdett
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H. Coy
- Department of Medicine, Peptide Research Laboratories, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Suad Efendic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mladen Vranic
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding authors: Michael C. Riddell, , and Mladen Vranic,
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