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Thergarajan G, Sekaran SD. Diagnostic approaches for dengue infection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:643-651. [PMID: 37417532 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2234815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every year, a significant rise in dengue incidence observed is responsible for 10% of fever episodes in children and adolescents in endemic countries. Considering that the symptoms of dengue are similar to those of many other viruses, early diagnosis of the disease has long been difficult, and lack of sensitive diagnostic tools may be another factor contributing to a rise in dengue incidence. AREAS COVERED This review will highlight dengue diagnostics strategies and discuss other possible targets for dengue diagnosis. Understanding the dynamics of the immune response and how it affects viral infection has enabled informed diagnosis. As more technologies emerge, precise assays that include some clinical markers need to be included. EXPERT OPINION Future diagnostic strategies will require the use both viral and clinical markers in a serial manner with the use of artificial intelligence technology to determine from the first point of illness to better determine severity status and management. A definitive endpoint is not in the horizon as the disease as well as the virus is constantly evolving and hence many developed assays need to be constantly changing some of their reagents periodically as newer genotypes and probably too serotypes emerge.
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Jagtap S, Pattabiraman C, Sankaradoss A, Krishna S, Roy R. Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010862. [PMID: 37011104 PMCID: PMC10101646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a hundred thousand dengue cases are diagnosed in India annually, and about half of the country's population carries dengue virus-specific antibodies. Dengue propagates and adapts to the selection pressures imposed by a multitude of factors that can lead to the emergence of new variants. Yet, there has been no systematic analysis of the evolution of the dengue virus in the country. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of all DENV gene sequences collected between 1956 and 2018 from India. We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of India-specific genotypes, their evolutionary relationship with global and local dengue virus strains, interserotype dynamics and their divergence from the vaccine strains. Our analysis highlights the co-circulation of all DENV serotypes in India with cyclical outbreaks every 3-4 years. Since 2000, genotype III of DENV-1, cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2, genotype III of DENV-3 and genotype I of DENV-4 have been dominating across the country. Substitution rates are comparable across the serotypes, suggesting a lack of serotype-specific evolutionary divergence. Yet, the envelope (E) protein displays strong signatures of evolution under immune selection. Apart from drifting away from its ancestors and other contemporary serotypes in general, we find evidence for recurring interserotype drift towards each other, suggesting selection via cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement. We identify the emergence of the highly divergent DENV-4-Id lineage in South India, which has acquired half of all E gene mutations in the antigenic sites. Moreover, the DENV-4-Id is drifting towards DENV-1 and DENV-3 clades, suggesting the role of cross-reactive antibodies in its evolution. Due to the regional restriction of the Indian genotypes and immunity-driven virus evolution in the country, ~50% of all E gene differences with the current vaccines are focused on the antigenic sites. Our study shows how the dengue virus evolution in India is being shaped in complex ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Jagtap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Arun Sankaradoss
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda, India
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Araujo SC, Pereira LR, Alves RPS, Andreata-Santos R, Kanno AI, Ferreira LCS, Gonçalves VM. Anti-Flavivirus Vaccines: Review of the Present Situation and Perspectives of Subunit Vaccines Produced in Escherichia coli. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030492. [PMID: 32878023 PMCID: PMC7564369 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review the present status of anti-flavivirus subunit vaccines, both those at the experimental stage and those already available for clinical use. Aspects regarding development of vaccines to Yellow Fever virus, (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are highlighted, with particular emphasis on purified recombinant proteins generated in bacterial cells. Currently licensed anti-flavivirus vaccines are based on inactivated, attenuated, or virus-vector vaccines. However, technological advances in the generation of recombinant antigens with preserved structural and immunological determinants reveal new possibilities for the development of recombinant protein-based vaccine formulations for clinical testing. Furthermore, novel proposals for multi-epitope vaccines and the discovery of new adjuvants and delivery systems that enhance and/or modulate immune responses can pave the way for the development of successful subunit vaccines. Nonetheless, advances in this field require high investments that will probably not raise interest from private pharmaceutical companies and, therefore, will require support by international philanthropic organizations and governments of the countries more severely stricken by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C. Araujo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Lennon R. Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Rubens P. S. Alves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Alex I. Kanno
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Luis Carlos S. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
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Shao L, Pang Z, Bi Y, Li Z, Lin W, Li G, Guo Y, Qi J, Niu G. A dose-response study in mice of a tetravalent recombinant dengue envelope domain III protein secreted from insect cells. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104427. [PMID: 32565359 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DENV is the most globally prevalent mosquito-transmitted virus. Induction of a broadly and potently immune response is desirable for dengue vaccine development. METHODS Several formulations of secreted tetravalent EDIII protein containing different amounts of antigen from eukaryotic cells were used to evaluate the immune responses in mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that the tetravalent protein induced humoral immunity against all four serotypes of DENV, even at the lowest dose assayed. Besides, cellular immunities against DENV-1 and DENV-2 were elicited by medium dose group. Importantly, the immune responses induced by the tetravalent protein were functional in clearing DENV-2 in circulation of mice. CONCLUSIONS We believe that the tetravalent secreted EDIII protein is a potential vaccine candidate against DENV and suggest further detailed studies of this formulation in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shao
- Key Laboratory of health inspection and quarantine of Weifang, School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Bi
- Key Laboratory of health inspection and quarantine of Weifang, School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Key Laboratory of health inspection and quarantine of Weifang, School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Key Laboratory of health inspection and quarantine of Weifang, School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Guolei Li
- Key Laboratory of health inspection and quarantine of Weifang, School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yanming Guo
- Key Laboratory of health inspection and quarantine of Weifang, School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Tianjin Customs Port Out-Patient Department, Tianjin International Travel Healthcare Center, Tianjin 300456, China.
| | - Guoyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of health inspection and quarantine of Weifang, School of Public Health, WeiFang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Simple production of hydrophobin-fused domain III of dengue envelope protein and induction of neutralizing antibodies against the homotypic serotype of dengue virus. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:419-428. [PMID: 31828570 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobin-fused domain III of dengue envelope proteins serotypes 1 and 2 were expressed in Rachiplusia nu larvae and purified by aqueous two-phase system. This biotechnological approach of hydrophobin-fused proteins, which allowed obtaining 97.7 µg/larva of fusion protein DomIII serotype 1 and 61.4 µg/larva of fusion protein DomIII serotype 2, represents an integrated strategy for simple production of recombinant antigens. Purified fusion proteins induced serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies without cross-reaction against other serotypes and arboviruses after mouse immunization. hydrophobin-fused domain III of dengue envelope protein could be a promising strategy for easy and low-cost production of components of a tetravalent sub-unit vaccine against dengue.
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Lin HH, Yang SP, Tsai MJ, Lin GC, Wu HC, Wu SC. Dengue and Zika Virus Domain III-Flagellin Fusion and Glycan-Masking E Antigen for Prime-Boost Immunization. Theranostics 2019; 9:4811-4826. [PMID: 31367259 PMCID: PMC6643441 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral E proteins of dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are the major viral proteins involved in receptor binding and fusion, and for the induction of protective antibodies against viral infections. DIII of the E proteins is an independent domain and stretches out on the virion surface that can elicit type-specific neutralizing antibodies. For recombinant DIII vaccine development, prime-boost immunizations can provide an advantage of eliciting more type-specific neutralizing antibodies by recalling DIII antigens after DIII booster to improve protection. Methods: The DIII of the E genes of DENV and ZIKV were fused with bacterial fliC gene for the expression of flagellin-DIII (FliC-DIII) fusion proteins. Prime-boost immunization strategies by the second-dose booster of four DENV serotype or ZIKV FliC-DIII fusion proteins were used to investigate the induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection against viral infections. Cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies in each group of antisera were also examined using in vitro antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) assay. A series of glycan-masking E antigens were finally constructed for prime-boost immunizations to abolish the elicitation of cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies for ADE activity. Results: We showed that inclusion of a bivalent live-attenuated vaccine with a FliC-DIII booster is superior in eliciting neutralization titers and protection in vivo against all four-serotype DENVs. We also demonstrated that recombinant adenovirus vectors encoding four-serotype DENV prMEs with a FliC-DIII prime-boost scheme is capable of eliciting good antibody responses. In contract, recombinant adenovirus vector of ZIKV prME gene priming, followed by ZIKV FliC-DIII booster did not improve vaccine efficacy. The glycan-masking mutation on the ZIKV E protein ij loop (E-248NHT), but not on DENV2 E protein ij loop (E-242NHT), resulted in abolishing the elicitation of cross-reactive antibodies for DENV and ZIKV infection enhancements. Conclusions: Our findings can provide useful information for designing novel immunogens and vaccination strategies in an attempt to develop a safe and efficacious DENV or ZIKV vaccine.
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Fahimi H, Sadeghizadeh M, Hassan ZM, Auerswald H, Schreiber M. Immunogenicity of a novel tetravalent dengue envelope protein domain III-based antigen in mice. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:1054-1068. [PMID: 30564083 PMCID: PMC6295631 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes dengue diseases. All four serotypes of dengue virus are infectious for humans. Therefore, an efficacious dengue vaccine should be tetravalent to provide protection against all types of virus. The goal of this study was to design a new tetravalent recombinant protein from envelope protein of dengue viruses to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies against all four serotypes in mice. A chimeric protein was designed from domain III of envelope protein of all serotypes of dengue virus. Four domain III fragments were linked together by alpha helix making linkers. The final sequence of the designed protein was analyzed in silico and the coding gene sequence was deduced by reverse translation. After cloning and expression of the recombinant protein (ED3-tetravalent protein), identity of the purified protein was confirmed using a pan-dengue specific monoclonal antibody in Western blotting. Then, the immunogenicity of the purified protein was studied in mice using antibody titration. The efficacy of induced antibodies in neutralization of the virus was studies by FRNT method. Furthermore, the induction of cellular immunity was studied by measurement of cytokines using ELISA method and measurement of lymphocyte proliferation using MTT assay. The ED3-tetravalent protein was able to enhance neutralizing immunogenic response against all four dengue serotypes; in similar way to that of tetravalent formulation of four individual domain III-based polypeptides. It is suggested that the ED3-tetravalent fusion protein can induce broadly neutralizing antibody responses against all four serotypes of dengue virus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schreiber
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Dengue viruses and promising envelope protein domain III-based vaccines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2977-2996. [PMID: 29470620 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses are emerging mosquito-borne pathogens belonging to Flaviviridae family which are transmitted to humans via the bites of infected mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Because of the wide distribution of these mosquito vectors, more than 2.5 billion people are approximately at risk of dengue infection. Dengue viruses cause dengue fever and severe life-threatening illnesses as well as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. All four serotypes of dengue virus can cause dengue diseases, but the manifestations are nearly different depending on type of the virus in consequent infections. Infection by any serotype creates life-long immunity against the corresponding serotype and temporary immunity to the others. This transient immunity declines after a while (6 months to 2 years) and is not protective against other serotypes, even may enhance the severity of a secondary heterotypic infection with a different serotype through a phenomenon known as antibody-depended enhancement (ADE). Although, it can be one of the possible explanations for more severe dengue diseases in individuals infected with a different serotype after primary infection. The envelope protein (E protein) of dengue virus is responsible for a wide range of biological activities, including binding to host cell receptors and fusion to and entry into host cells. The E protein, and especially its domain III (EDIII), stimulates host immunity responses by inducing protective and neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, the dengue E protein is an important antigen for vaccine development and diagnostic purposes. Here, we have provided a comprehensive review of dengue disease, vaccine design challenges, and various approaches in dengue vaccine development with emphasizing on newly developed envelope domain III-based dengue vaccine candidates.
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Combe M, Lacoux X, Martinez J, Méjan O, Luciani F, Daniel S. Expression, refolding and bio-structural analysis of a tetravalent recombinant dengue envelope domain III protein for serological diagnosis. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ji GH, Deng YQ, Yu XJ, Jiang T, Wang HJ, Shi X, Zhang DP, Li XF, Zhu SY, Zhao H, Dai JX, Qin CF, Guo YJ. Characterization of a Novel Dengue Serotype 4 Virus-Specific Neutralizing Epitope on the Envelope Protein Domain III. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139741. [PMID: 26430770 PMCID: PMC4592203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein domain III (ED3) has been suggested to contain receptor recognition sites and the critical neutralizing epitopes. Up to date, relatively little work has been done on fine mapping of neutralizing epitopes on ED3 for DENV4. In this study, a novel mouse type-specific neutralizing antibody 1G6 against DENV4 was obtained with both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. The epitope was mapped to residues 387-390 of DENV4 envelope protein. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis assay identified two critical residues (T388 and H390). The epitope is variable among different DENV serotypes but is highly conserved among four DENV4 genotypes. Affinity measurement showed that naturally occurring variations in ED3 outside the epitope region did not alter the binding of mAb 1G6. These findings expand our understanding of the interactions between neutralizing antibodies and the DENV4 and may be valuable for rational design of DENV vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Ji
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Jing Wang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shi
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Ya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xin Dai
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Poggianella M, Slon Campos JL, Chan KR, Tan HC, Bestagno M, Ooi EE, Burrone OR. Dengue E Protein Domain III-Based DNA Immunisation Induces Strong Antibody Responses to All Four Viral Serotypes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015. [PMID: 26218926 PMCID: PMC4517776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major emerging disease widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world affecting several millions of people. Despite constants efforts, no specific treatment or effective vaccine is yet available. Here we show a novel design of a DNA immunisation strategy that resulted in the induction of strong antibody responses with high neutralisation titres in mice against all four viral serotypes. The immunogenic molecule is an engineered version of the domain III (DIII) of the virus E protein fused to the dimerising CH3 domain of the IgG immunoglobulin H chain. The DIII sequences were also codon-optimised for expression in mammalian cells. While DIII alone is very poorly secreted, the codon-optimised fusion protein is rightly expressed, folded and secreted at high levels, thus inducing strong antibody responses. Mice were immunised using gene-gun technology, an efficient way of intradermal delivery of the plasmid DNA, and the vaccine was able to induce neutralising titres against all serotypes. Additionally, all sera showed reactivity to a recombinant DIII version and the recombinant E protein produced and secreted from mammalian cells in a mono-biotinylated form when tested in a conformational ELISA. Sera were also highly reactive to infective viral particles in a virus-capture ELISA and specific for each serotype as revealed by the low cross-reactive and cross-neutralising activities. The serotype specific sera did not induce antibody dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) in non-homologous virus serotypes. A tetravalent immunisation protocol in mice showed induction of neutralising antibodies against all four dengue serotypes as well. Dengue disease is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by Dengue virus (DENV), one of the most important human pathogens worldwide. DENV infection produces a systemic disease with a broad symptomatic spectrum ranging from mild febrile illness (Dengue Fever, DF) to severe haemorrhagic manifestations (Dengue Haemorrhagic fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, DHF and DSS respectively). To date there is no vaccine available to prevent dengue disease. We show here a strategy of immunisation, tested in mice, that elicits a strong immune response against the four different DENV serotypes. The novelties presented in our work open the way to the development of an efficient vaccine accessible to developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Poggianella
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - José L. Slon Campos
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Marco Bestagno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Oscar R. Burrone
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Yu Z, Fang D, Fu C, Zhu X, He Z, Yan H, Jiang L. Tetravalent recombinant dengue virus-like particles as potential vaccine candidates: immunological properties. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:233. [PMID: 25520151 PMCID: PMC4396058 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, a licensed vaccine for Dengue Virus (DENV) is not yet available. Virus-like particles (VLP) have shown considerable promise for use as vaccines and have many advantages compared to many other types of viral vaccines. VLPs have been found to have high immunogenic potencies, providing protection against various pathogens. Results In the current study, four DENV-VLP serotypes were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris, based on co-expression of the prM and E proteins. The effects of a tetravalent VLP vaccine were also examined. Immunization with purified, recombinant, tetravalent DENV1-4 VLPs induced specific antibodies against all DENV1-4 antigens in mice. The antibody titers were higher after immunization with the tetravalent VLP vaccine compared to titers after immunization with any of the dengue serotype VLPs alone. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) results indicated that sera from VLP immunized mice recognized the native viral antigens. TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly higher in mice immunized with tetravalent DENV-VLP compared to those mice received PBS. The tetravalent VLP appeared to stimulate neutralizing antibodies against each viral serotype, as shown by PRNT50 analysis (1:32 against DENV1 and 2, and 1:16 against DENV3 and 4). The highest titers with the tetravalent VLP vaccine were still a little lower than the monovalent VLP against the corresponding serotype. The protection rates of tetravalent DENV-VLP immune sera against challenges with DENV1 to 4 serotypes in suckling mice were 77, 92, 100, and 100%, respectively, indicating greater protective efficacy compared with monovalent immune sera. Conclusions Our results provide an important basis for the development of the dengue VLP as a promising non-infectious candidate vaccine for dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhizhun Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Danyun Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyun Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenjian He
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijun Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Lisova O, Belkadi L, Bedouelle H. Direct and indirect interactions in the recognition between a cross-neutralizing antibody and the four serotypes of dengue virus. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:205-14. [PMID: 24591178 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most important vector-borne viral disease. Four serotypes of dengue virus, DENV1 to DENV4, coexist. Secondary infection by a different serotype is a risk factor for severe dengue. Monoclonal antibody mAb4E11 neutralizes the four serotypes of DENV with varying efficacies by recognizing an epitope located within domain-III (ED3) of the viral envelope (E) protein. To better understand the cross-reactivities between mAb4E11 and the four serotypes of DENV, we constructed mutations in both Fab4E11 fragment and ED3, and we searched for indirect interactions in the crystal structures of the four complexes. According to the serotype, 7 to 12 interactions are mediated by one water molecule, 1 to 10 by two water molecules, and several of these interactions are conserved between serotypes. Most interfacial water molecules make hydrogen bonds with both antibody and antigen. Some residues or atomic groups are engaged in both direct and water-mediated interactions. The doubly-indirect interactions are more numerous in the complex of lowest affinity. The third complementarity determining region of the light chain (L-CDR3) of mAb4E11 does not contact ED3. The structures and double-mutant thermodynamic cycles showed that the effects of (hyper)-mutations in L-CDR3 on affinity were caused by conformational changes and indirect interactions with ED3 through other CDRs. Exchanges of residues between ED3 serotypes showed that their effects on affinity were context dependent. Thus, conformational changes, structural context, and indirect interactions should be included when studying cross-reactivity between antibodies and different serotypes of viral antigens for a better design of diagnostics, vaccine, and therapeutic tools against DENV and other Flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesia Lisova
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015, Paris, France; CNRS, URA3012, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
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Nguyen NL, So KK, Kim JM, Kim SH, Jang YS, Yang MS, Kim DH. Expression and characterization of an M cell-specific ligand-fused dengue virus tetravalent epitope using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 119:19-27. [PMID: 25027708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fusion construct (Tet-EDIII-Co1) consisting of an M cell-specific peptide ligand (Co1) at the C-terminus of a recombinant tetravalent gene encoding the amino acid sequences of dengue envelope domain III (Tet-EDIII) from four serotypes was expressed and tested for binding activity to the mucosal immune inductive site M cells for the development of an oral vaccine. The yeast episomal expression vector, pYEGPD-TER, which was designed to direct gene expression using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter, a functional signal peptide of the amylase 1A protein from rice, and the GAL7 terminator, was used to clone the Tet-EDIII-Co1 gene and resultant plasmids were then used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PCR and back-transformation into Escherichia coli confirmed the presence of the Tet-EDIII-Co1 gene-containing plasmid in transformants. Northern blot analysis of transformed S. cerevisiae identified the presence of the Tet-EDIII-Co1-specific transcript. Western blot analysis indicated that the produced Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein with the expected molecular weight was successfully secreted into the culture medium. Quantitative Western blot analysis and ELISA revealed that the recombinant Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein comprised approximately 0.1-0.2% of cell-free extracts (CFEs). In addition, 0.1-0.2 mg of Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein per liter of culture filtrate was detected on day 1, and this quantity peaked on day 3 after cultivation. In vivo binding assays showed that the Tet-EDIII-Co1 protein was delivered specifically to M cells in Peyer's patches (PPs) while the Tet-EDIII protein lacking the Co1 ligand did not, which demonstrated the efficient targeting of this antigenic protein through the mucosal-specific ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Luong Nguyen
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum-Kang So
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Hae Kim
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Li YX, Zhao H, Cao RY, Deng YQ, Han JF, Zhu SY, Ma J, Liu L, Qin ED, Qin CF. Recombinant tandem multi-linear neutralizing epitopes of human enterovirus 71 elicited protective immunity in mice. Virol J 2014; 11:79. [PMID: 24885030 PMCID: PMC4030048 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as the leading cause of viral encephalitis in children, especially in the Asia-Pacific regions. EV71 vaccine development is of high priority at present, and neutralization antibodies have been documented to play critical roles during in vitro and in vivo protection against EV71 infection. RESULTS In this study, a novel strategy to produce EV71 vaccine candidate based on recombinant multiple tandem linear neutralizing epitopes (mTLNE) was proposed. The three well identified EV71 linear neutralizing epitopes in capsid proteins, VP1-SP55, VP1-SP70 and VP2-SP28, were sequentially linked by a Gly-Ser linker ((G4S)3), and expressed in E.coli in fusion with the Trx and His tag at either terminal. The recombinant protein mTLNE was soluble and could be purified by standard affinity chromatography. Following three dosage of immunization in adult mice, EV71-specific IgG and neutralization antibodies were readily induced by recombinant mTLNE. IgG subtyping demonstrated that lgG1 antibodies dominated the mTLNE-induced humoral immune response. Especially, cytokine profiling in spleen cells from the mTLNE-immunized mice revealed high production of IL-4 and IL-6. Finally, in vivo challenge experiments showed that passive transfer with anti-mTLNE sera conferred full protection against lethal EV71 challenge in neonatal mice. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that this rational designed recombinant mTLNE might have the potential to be further developed as an EV71 vaccine in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Cytokines/analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus A, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus Infections/immunology
- Enterovirus Infections/prevention & control
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xiang Li
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Yuan Cao
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Han
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Ya Zhu
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Long Liu
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - E-De Qin
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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16
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Zellweger RM, Shresta S. Mouse models to study dengue virus immunology and pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:151. [PMID: 24782859 PMCID: PMC3989707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a compelling murine model of dengue virus (DENV) infection has been challenging, because DENV clinical isolates do not readily replicate or cause pathology in immunocompetent mice. However, research using immunocompromised mice and/or mouse-adapted viruses allows investigation of questions that may be impossible to address in human studies. In this review, we discuss the potential strengths and limitations of existing mouse models of dengue disease. Human studies are descriptive by nature; moreover, the strain, time, and sequence of infection are often unknown. In contrast, in mice, the conditions of infection are well defined and a large number of experimental parameters can be varied at will. Therefore, mouse models offer an opportunity to experimentally test hypotheses that are based on epidemiological observations. In particular, gain-of-function or loss-of-function models can be established to assess how different components of the immune system (either alone or in combination) contribute to protection or pathogenesis during secondary infections or after vaccination. In addition, mouse models have been used for pre-clinical testing of anti-viral drugs or for vaccine development studies. Conclusions based on mouse experiments must be extrapolated to DENV-infection in humans with caution due to the inherent limitations of animal models. However, research in mouse models is a useful complement to in vitro and epidemiological data, and may delineate new areas that deserve attention during future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël M Zellweger
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
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17
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Induction of neutralizing antibodies against four serotypes of dengue viruses by MixBiEDIII, a tetravalent dengue vaccine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86573. [PMID: 24466156 PMCID: PMC3897746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide expansion of four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) poses great risk to global public health. Several vaccine candidates are under development. However, none is yet available for humans. In the present study, a novel strategy to produce tetravalent DENV vaccine based on envelope protein domain III (EDIII) was proposed. Tandem EDIIIs of two serotypes (type 1-2 and type 3-4) of DENV connected by a Gly-Ser linker ((Gly4Ser)3) were expressed in E. coli, respectively. Then, the two bivalent recombinant EDIIIs were equally mixed to form the tetravalent vaccine candidate MixBiEDIII, and used to immunize BALB/c mice. The results showed that specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against all four serotypes of DENV were successfully induced in the MixBiEDIII employing Freund adjuvant immunized mice. Furthermore, in the suckling mouse model, sera from mice immunized with MixBiEDIII provided significant protection against four serotypes of DENV challenge. Our data demonstrated that MixBiEDIII, as a novel form of subunit vaccine candidates, might have the potential to be further developed as a tetravalent dengue vaccine in the near future.
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18
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Zidane N, Dussart P, Bremand L, Bedouelle H. Cross-reactivities between human IgMs and the four serotypes of dengue virus as probed with artificial homodimers of domain-III from the envelope proteins. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:302. [PMID: 23815496 PMCID: PMC3701519 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is the most important vector-borne viral disease. Four serotypes of dengue virus, DENV1 to DENV4, coexist. Infection by one serotype elicits long-lasting immunity to that serotype but not the other three. Subsequent infection by a different serotype is a risk factor for severe dengue. Domain III (ED3) of the viral envelope protein interacts with cell receptors and contains epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. We determined the serotype specificity and cross-reactivity of human IgMs directed against ED3 by using a well-characterized collection of 90 DENV-infected and 89 DENV-uninfected human serums. Methods The recognitions between the four serotypes of ED3 and the serums were assayed with an IgM antibody-capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA) and artificial homodimeric antigens. The results were analyzed with Receiving Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The DENV-infected serums contained IgMs that reacted with one or several ED3 serotypes. The discrimination by ED3 between serums infected by the homotypic DENV and uninfected serums varied with the serotype in the decreasing order DENV1 > DENV2 > DENV3 > DENV4. The ED3 domain of DENV1 gave the highest discrimination between DENV-infected and DENV-uninfected serums, whatever the infecting serotype, and thus behaved like a universal ED3 domain for the detection of IgMs against DENV. Some ED3 serotypes discriminated between IgMs directed against the homotypic and heterotypic DENVs. The patterns of cross-reactivities and discriminations varied with the serotype. Conclusions The results should help better understand the IgM immune response and protection against DENV since ED3 is widely used as an antigen in diagnostic assays and an immunogen in vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Zidane
- Unit of Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Rue du Docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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19
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Zidane N, Dussart P, Bremand L, Villani ME, Bedouelle H. Thermodynamic stability of domain III from the envelope protein of flaviviruses and its improvement by molecular design. Protein Eng Des Sel 2013; 26:389-99. [PMID: 23479674 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzt010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus includes widespread and severe human pathogens like the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1 to DENV4), yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Domain III (ED3) of the viral envelope protein interacts with cell receptors and contains epitopes recognized by virus neutralizing antibodies. Its structural, antigenic and immunogenic properties have been thoroughly studied contrary to its physico-chemical properties. Here, the ED3 domains of the above pathogenic flaviviruses were produced in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Their thermodynamic stabilities were measured and compared in experiments of unfolding equilibriums, induced with chemicals or heat and monitored through protein fluorescence. A designed ED3 domain, with the consensus sequence of DENV strains from all serotypes, was highly stable. The low stability of the ED3 domain from DENV3 was increased by three changes of residues in the protein core without affecting its reactivity towards DENV-infected human serums. Additional changes showed that the stability of ED3 varied with the DENV3 genotype. The T(m) of ED3 was higher than 69°C for all the tested viruses and reached 86°C for the consensus ED3. The latter, deprived of its disulfide bond by mutations, was predominantly unfolded at 20°C. These results will help better understand and design the properties of ED3 for its use as diagnostic, vaccine or therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Zidane
- Unit of Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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20
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Nguyen NL, Kim JM, Park JA, Park SM, Jang YS, Yang MS, Kim DH. Expression and purification of an immunogenic dengue virus epitope using a synthetic consensus sequence of envelope domain III and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 88:235-42. [PMID: 23376461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic consensus gene was designed based on residues of the amino acid sequences of dengue envelope domain III (scEDIII) from all four serotypes, and codon optimization for expression was conducted using baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The synthetic gene was cloned into a yeast episomal expression vector, pYEGPD-TER, which was designed to direct cloned gene expression using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter, a functional signal peptide of the amylase 1A protein from rice, and the GAL7 terminator. PCR and back-transformation into Escherichia coli confirmed the presence of the scEDIII gene-containing plasmid in the transformants. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of the scEDIII-specific transcript. Western blot analysis indicated that expressed scEDIII, with mobility similar to purified EDIII from E. coli, was successfully secreted into the culture media. Quantitative ELISA revealed that the recombinant scEDIII comprised approximately 0.1-0.6% of cell-free extract. In addition, 0.1-0.6 mg of scEDIII protein per liter of culture filtrate was detected on day 1 and peaked on day 3 after cultivation. The secreted scEDIII protein can be purified to ≥90% purity with 85% recovery using a simple ion-exchange FPLC followed by molecular weight cut-off. Upon administration of the purified protein to mice, mouse sera contained antibodies that were specific to all four serotypes of dengue virus. Moreover, a balanced immune response against all four serotypes was observed, suggesting that it may be possible to develop an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine using S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Luong Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
As the threat of exposure to emerging and reemerging viruses within a naive population increases, it is vital that the basic mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response be thoroughly investigated. By using animal models in this endeavor, the response to viruses can be studied in a more natural context to identify novel drug targets, and assess the efficacy and safety of new products. This is especially true in the advent of the Food and Drug Administration's animal rule. Although no one animal model is able to recapitulate all the aspects of human disease, understanding the current limitations allows for a more targeted experimental design. Important facets to be considered before an animal study are the route of challenge, species of animals, biomarkers of disease, and a humane endpoint. This chapter covers the current animal models for medically important human viruses, and demonstrates where the gaps in knowledge exist.
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Kulkarni R, Sapkal G, Mahishi L, Shil P, Gore MM. Design and characterization of polytope construct with multiple B and TH epitopes of Japanese encephalitis virus. Virus Res 2012; 166:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Animal models of dengue virus infection. Viruses 2012; 4:62-82. [PMID: 22355452 PMCID: PMC3280519 DOI: 10.3390/v4010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. Non-human primates (NHPs) can sustain viral replication in relevant cell types and develop a robust immune response, but they do not develop overt disease. In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. Humanized mouse models can sustain DENV replication and show some signs of disease, but further development is needed to validate the immune response. Classically, immunocompetent mice infected with DENV do not manifest disease or else develop paralysis when inoculated intracranially; however, a new model using high doses of DENV has recently been shown to develop hemorrhagic signs after infection. Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
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Domain III peptides from flavivirus envelope protein are useful antigens for serologic diagnosis and targets for immunization. Biologicals 2011; 38:613-8. [PMID: 20817489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family includes 70 enveloped single-stranded-RNA positive-sense viruses transmitted by arthropods. Among these viruses, there are a relevant number of human pathogens including the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as tick-borne viruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Langat virus (LGTV) and Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHFV). The flavivirus envelope (E) protein is a dominant antigen inducing immunologic responses in infected hosts and eliciting virus-neutralizing antibodies. The domain III (DIII) of E protein contains a panel of important epitopes that are recognized by virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Peptides of the DIII have been used with promising results as antigens for flavivirus serologic diagnosis and as targets for immunization against these viruses. We review here some important aspects of the molecular structure of the DIII as well as its use as antigens for serologic diagnosis and immunization in animal models.
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Zlatkovic J, Stiasny K, Heinz FX. Immunodominance and functional activities of antibody responses to inactivated West Nile virus and recombinant subunit vaccines in mice. J Virol 2011; 85:1994-2003. [PMID: 21147919 PMCID: PMC3067796 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01886-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors controlling the dominance of antibody responses to specific sites in viruses and/or protein antigens are ill defined but can be of great importance for the induction of potent immune responses to vaccines. West Nile virus and other related important human-pathogenic flaviviruses display the major target of neutralizing antibodies, the E protein, in an icosahedral shell at the virion surface. Potent neutralizing antibodies were shown to react with the upper surface of domain III (DIII) of this protein. Using the West Nile virus system, we conducted a study on the immunodominance and functional quality of E-specific antibody responses after immunization of mice with soluble protein E (sE) and isolated DIII in comparison to those after immunization with inactivated whole virions. With both virion and sE, the neutralizing response was dominated by DIII-specific antibodies, but the functionality of these antibodies was almost four times higher after virion immunization. Antibodies induced by the isolated DIII had an at least 15-fold lower specific neutralizing activity than those induced by the virion, and only 50% of these antibodies were able to bind to virus particles. Our results suggest that immunization with the tightly packed E in virions focuses the DIII antibody response to the externally exposed sites of this domain which are the primary targets for virus neutralization, different from sE and isolated DIII, which also display protein surfaces that are cryptic in the virion. Despite its low potency for priming, DIII was an excellent boosting antigen, suggesting novel vaccination strategies that strengthen and focus the antibody response to critical neutralizing sites in DIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Zlatkovic
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria
| | - Franz X. Heinz
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria
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Tripathi NK, Shrivastava A, Biswal KC, Rao PVL. Recombinant dengue virus type 3 envelope domain III protein from Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:604-8. [PMID: 21538895 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a public health problem of global significance for which there is neither an effective antiviral therapy nor a preventive vaccine. The envelope protein of dengue virus is the major antigen to elicit neutralizing antibody response and protective immunity in hosts. Optimization of culture media was carried out for enhanced production of recombinant dengue virus type 3 envelope domain III (rDen 3 EDIII) protein in E. coli. Further, batch and fed-batch cultivation process were also developed in optimized medium. After fed-batch cultivation, the dry cell weight was about 22.80 g/L of culture. The rDen 3 EDIII protein was purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. This process produced ∼649 mg of purified rDen 3 EDIII protein per liter of culture. The purity of the protein was determined by SDS-PAGE analysis and the reactivity was checked by Western blotting as well as ELISA. These results show that the purified protein may be used for the dengue diagnosis or further prophylactic studies for dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh K Tripathi
- Bioprocess Scale up Facility, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.
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Tan LCM, Chua AJS, Goh LSL, Pua SM, Cheong YK, Ng ML. Rapid purification of recombinant dengue and West Nile virus envelope Domain III proteins by metal affinity membrane chromatography. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 74:129-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shrestha B, Brien JD, Sukupolvi-Petty S, Austin SK, Edeling MA, Kim T, O'Brien KM, Nelson CA, Johnson S, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. The development of therapeutic antibodies that neutralize homologous and heterologous genotypes of dengue virus type 1. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000823. [PMID: 20369024 PMCID: PMC2848552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody protection against flaviviruses is associated with the development of neutralizing antibodies against the viral envelope (E) protein. Prior studies with West Nile virus (WNV) identified therapeutic mouse and human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognized epitopes on domain III (DIII) of the E protein. To identify an analogous panel of neutralizing antibodies against DENV type-1 (DENV-1), we immunized mice with a genotype 2 strain of DENV-1 virus and generated 79 new MAbs, 16 of which strongly inhibited infection by the homologous virus and localized to DIII. Surprisingly, only two MAbs, DENV1-E105 and DENV1-E106, retained strong binding and neutralizing activity against all five DENV-1 genotypes. In an immunocompromised mouse model of infection, DENV1-E105 and DENV1-E106 exhibited therapeutic activity even when administered as a single dose four days after inoculation with a heterologous genotype 4 strain of DENV-1. Using epitope mapping and X-ray crystallographic analyses, we localized the neutralizing determinants for the strongly inhibitory MAbs to distinct regions on DIII. Interestingly, sequence variation in DIII alone failed to explain disparities in neutralizing potential of MAbs among different genotypes. Overall, our experiments define a complex structural epitope on DIII of DENV-1 that can be recognized by protective antibodies with therapeutic potential. Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that infects 25 to 100 million humans annually and can progress to a life-threatening hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Currently, no vaccines or specific therapies are available. Prior studies identified a highly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) against West Nile virus, a related flavivirus, as a candidate therapy for humans. In this study, we generated 79 new MAbs against the DENV type 1 (DENV-1) serotype, 16 of which strongly inhibited infection in cell culture. Using structural and molecular approaches, the binding sites of these inhibitory MAbs were localized to distinct regions on domain III of the DENV-1 envelope protein. We tested the protective capacity of all of the neutralizing MAbs in mice against infection by a strain of DENV-1 from a distinct genotype. Only two of the MAbs, DENV1-E105 and DENV1-E106, showed efficacy in a post-exposure treatment model, and these antibodies efficiently neutralized all five DENV-1 genotypes. Collectively, our studies define a complex structural binding site on domain III of the envelope protein for MAbs with therapeutic potential against DENV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimmi Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Soila Sukupolvi-Petty
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - S. Kyle Austin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Edeling
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Katie M. O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Syd Johnson
- MacroGenics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- The Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- The Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Guzman MG, Hermida L, Bernardo L, Ramirez R, Guillén G. Domain III of the envelope protein as a dengue vaccine target. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:137-47. [PMID: 20109025 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A dengue vaccine should induce long-lasting, simultaneous protection to the four dengue viruses while avoiding the immune enhancement of viral infection. Domain III of the dengue envelope protein has been implicated in receptor binding, and is also the target of specific neutralizing antibodies. Domain III has emerged as a promising region for a subunit vaccine candidate. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on vaccine candidates based on domain III. Due to the results obtained concerning the immune response and protection in mice and monkeys, particular attention is paid to the chimeric protein domain III fused to p64k of Neisseria meningitidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Guzman
- Department of Virology, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, Km 6, Apdo 601, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba.
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Liu W, Jiang H, Zhou J, Yang X, Tang Y, Fang D, Jiang L. Recombinant dengue virus-like particles from Pichia pastoris: efficient production and immunological properties. Virus Genes 2009; 40:53-9. [PMID: 19885726 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein (E) of flavivirus is the major structural protein on the surface of the mature virions. The complexes of premembrane (prM) and E play important roles in virus assembly and fusion modulation and in potential immunity-inducing vaccines. In the present study, the cDNA encoding prM and E proteins of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) was subcloned into the pGAPZalphaA vector and further integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) constitutive promoter. The high-level constitutive expression of recombinant E antigen was achieved in P. pastoris. Both the cell lysate and the culture supernatant, examined by electron microscopy, were found to contain DENV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) with diameters of about 30 nm. After immunization of BALB/c mice, the VLPs exhibited similar efficacies as inactivated virus in terms of antibody induction and neutralization titer. These results suggest that recombinant DENV VLPs can be efficiently produced in the GAP promoter-based P. pastoris expression system. This system may be useful for the development of effective and economic dengue subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Valdés I, Bernardo L, Gil L, Pavón A, Lazo L, López C, Romero Y, Menendez I, Falcón V, Betancourt L, Martín J, Chinea G, Silva R, Guzmán MG, Guillén G, Hermida L. A novel fusion protein domain III-capsid from dengue-2, in a highly aggregated form, induces a functional immune response and protection in mice. Virology 2009; 394:249-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Khanam S, Pilankatta R, Khanna N, Swaminathan S. An adenovirus type 5 (AdV5) vector encoding an envelope domain III-based tetravalent antigen elicits immune responses against all four dengue viruses in the presence of prior AdV5 immunity. Vaccine 2009; 27:6011-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ludolfs D, Reinholz M, Schmitz H. Highly specific detection of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus in humans using a domain III antigen and a sensitive immune complex (IC) ELISA. J Clin Virol 2009; 45:125-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Brandler S, Tangy F. Recombinant vector derived from live attenuated measles virus: Potential for flavivirus vaccines. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 31:271-91. [PMID: 17869338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The measles vaccine is one of the best vaccines currently available. Over the last 30 years, it has been administered to hundreds of millions of children and has proved to be both effective and safe. This attenuated live virus induces life-long immunity after only one or two injections. It is produced on a large scale, with ease, in many countries and is distributed at low cost. These excellent characteristics led us to consider its use as a pediatric live vector, to simultaneously immunize children or adolescents against measles and other viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or flavivirus infections. For this purpose, we have developed a vector derived from the live attenuated Schwarz strain of the measles virus (MV). We have demonstrated the capacity of this vector to strongly and stably express genes encoding proteins from HIV and to induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo. Importantly, we observed that, at least in animal models, the vector can bypass measles vaccine pre-existing immunity when two doses of recombinant vaccine are administered. Clinical trials are in progress to confirm this observation in immunized adults. We also produced MV vectors expressing proteins from West Nile virus and other flaviviruses, which in the case of West Nile virus, protected against experimental challenge. Recombinant live attenuated MV might be used as bivalent vaccination vector to mass immunize children and adolescents against both measles and flaviviral diseases such as Dengue or Japanese Encephalitis in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brandler
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Laboratory, CNRS-URA3015, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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35
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Sim ACN, Lin W, Tan GKX, Sim MST, Chow VTK, Alonso S. Induction of neutralizing antibodies against dengue virus type 2 upon mucosal administration of a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain expressing envelope domain III antigen. Vaccine 2008; 26:1145-54. [PMID: 18243432 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines present several advantages over conventional parenteral vaccines including their ease of administration and low cost, both criteria being priorities for developing countries plagued by infectious diseases. A recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain producing the envelope domain III (EDIII) antigen from dengue virus serotype 2 was engineered, and the ability of the live recombinant bacteria to trigger a systemic anti-EDIII IgG antibody response upon nasal or oral administration to BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice was investigated. Results showed that the antibody response depended on the route of administration and on the mouse strain inoculated. Out of six, two and three C57BL/6 mice orally and nasally inoculated with the recombinant bacteria, respectively, displayed anti-EDIII antibody responses higher than that obtained in the mouse group intraperitoneally (i.p.) immunized with heat-inactivated dengue 2 virus. The protective potential of the immune sera was measured using the plaque reduction neutralizing test (PRNT) and results indicated that high anti-EDIII antibody levels did not correlate directly with high neutralizing activities. Immune sera from orally inoculated mice were found the most potent to neutralize in vitro dengue infection with neutralizing antibody activities in some cases higher than that obtained with the immune sera from mice i.p. injected with heat-inactivated virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C N Sim
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Sukupolvi-Petty S, Austin SK, Purtha WE, Oliphant T, Nybakken GE, Schlesinger JJ, Roehrig JT, Gromowski GD, Barrett AD, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Type- and subcomplex-specific neutralizing antibodies against domain III of dengue virus type 2 envelope protein recognize adjacent epitopes. J Virol 2007; 81:12816-26. [PMID: 17881453 PMCID: PMC2169112 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00432-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralization of flaviviruses in vivo correlates with the development of an antibody response against the viral envelope (E) protein. Previous studies demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against an epitope on the lateral ridge of domain III (DIII) of the West Nile virus (WNV) E protein strongly protect against infection in animals. Based on X-ray crystallography and sequence analysis, an analogous type-specific neutralizing epitope for individual serotypes of the related flavivirus dengue virus (DENV) was hypothesized. Using yeast surface display of DIII variants, we defined contact residues of a panel of type-specific, subcomplex-specific, and cross-reactive MAbs that recognize DIII of DENV type 2 (DENV-2) and have different neutralizing potentials. Type-specific MAbs with neutralizing activity against DENV-2 localized to a sequence-unique epitope on the lateral ridge of DIII, centered at the FG loop near residues E383 and P384, analogous in position to that observed with WNV-specific strongly neutralizing MAbs. Subcomplex-specific MAbs that bound some but not all DENV serotypes and neutralized DENV-2 infection recognized an adjacent epitope centered on the connecting A strand of DIII at residues K305, K307, and K310. In contrast, several MAbs that had poor neutralizing activity against DENV-2 and cross-reacted with all DENV serotypes and other flaviviruses recognized an epitope with residues in the AB loop of DIII, a conserved region that is predicted to have limited accessibility on the mature virion. Overall, our experiments define adjacent and structurally distinct epitopes on DIII of DENV-2 which elicit type-specific, subcomplex-specific, and cross-reactive antibodies with different neutralizing potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soila Sukupolvi-Petty
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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White LJ, Parsons MM, Whitmore AC, Williams BM, de Silva A, Johnston RE. An immunogenic and protective alphavirus replicon particle-based dengue vaccine overcomes maternal antibody interference in weanling mice. J Virol 2007; 81:10329-39. [PMID: 17652394 PMCID: PMC2045445 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00512-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A candidate pediatric dengue virus (DENV) vaccine based on nonpropagating Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP) was tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in weanling mice in the presence and absence of potentially interfering maternal antibodies. A gene cassette encoding envelope proteins prM and E from mouse-adapted DENV type 2 (DENV2) strain NGC was cloned into a VEE replicon vector and packaged into VRP, which programmed proper in vitro expression and processing of DENV2 envelope proteins upon infection of Vero cells. Primary immunization of 3-week-old weanling BALB/c mice in the footpad with DENV2 VRP resulted in high levels of DENV-specific serum immunoglobulin G antibodies and significant titers of neutralizing antibodies in all vaccinates. A booster immunization 12 weeks after the prime immunization resulted in increased neutralizing antibodies that were sustained for at least 30 weeks. Immunization at a range of doses of DENV2 VRP protected mice from an otherwise-lethal intracranial DENV2 challenge. To model vaccination in the presence of maternal antibodies, weanling pups born to DENV2-immune or DENV2-naïve dams were immunized with either DENV2 VRP or live DENV2 given peripherally. The DENV2 VRP vaccine induced neutralizing-antibody responses in young mice regardless of the maternal immune status. In contrast, live-DENV2 vaccination performed poorly in the presence of preexisting anti-DENV2 antibodies. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a VRP vaccine approach as an early-life DENV vaccine in populations with high levels of circulating DENV antibodies and suggests the utility of VRP-based vaccines in other instances where maternal antibodies make early vaccination problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J White
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7292, 99 Manning Drive, 9029 Burnett-Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA.
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