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Justiz-Vaillant A, Gopaul D, Soodeen S, Unakal C, Thompson R, Pooransingh S, Arozarena-Fundora R, Asin-Milan O, Akpaka PE. Advancements in Immunology and Microbiology Research: A Comprehensive Exploration of Key Areas. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1672. [PMID: 39203514 PMCID: PMC11357253 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunology and microbiology research has witnessed remarkable growth and innovation globally, playing a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of immune mechanisms, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions. This manuscript presents a comprehensive exploration of the key areas in immunology research, spanning from the utilisation of bacterial proteins as antibody reagents to the intricate realms of clinical immunology and disease management. The utilisation of bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins (IBPs), including protein A (SpA), protein G (SpG), and protein L (SpL), has revolutionised serological diagnostics, showing promise in early disease detection and precision medicine. Microbiological studies have shed light on antimicrobial resistance patterns, particularly the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), guiding antimicrobial stewardship programmes and informing therapeutic strategies. Clinical immunology research has elucidated the molecular pathways underlying immune-mediated disorders, resulting in tailored management strategies for conditions such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), etc. Additionally, significant efforts in vaccine development against tuberculosis and HIV are highlighted, underscoring the ongoing global pursuit of effective preventive measures against these infectious diseases. In summary, immunology and microbiology research have provided significant contributions to global healthcare, fostering collaboration, innovation, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Justiz-Vaillant
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (S.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Darren Gopaul
- Port of Spain General Hospital, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Sachin Soodeen
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (S.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Chandrashekhar Unakal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (S.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Reinand Thompson
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (S.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Shalini Pooransingh
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (S.P.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 00000, Trinidad and Tobago;
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Patrick Eberechi Akpaka
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 00000, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.S.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (S.P.); (P.E.A.)
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 00000, Trinidad and Tobago;
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Zhou F, Xu X, Cui X, Pan W. Development and Evaluation of a Fusion Polyprotein Based on HspX and Other Antigen Sequences for the Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726920. [PMID: 34671347 PMCID: PMC8521024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of suitable diagnostic tools contributes to the high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Serological tests, based on multiple target antigens, represent an attractive option for diagnosis of this disease due to their rapidity, convenience, and low cost. Methods Measures to reduce non-specific reactions and thereby improve the specificity of serological tests were investigated, including blocking antibodies against common bacteria in serum samples and synthesizing polypeptides covering non-conserved dominant B-cell epitopes of antigens. In addition, a fusion polyprotein containing HspX and eight other antigen sequences was constructed and expressed to increase overall sensitivity of the tests. Results Inclusion of Escherichia coli lysate partially increased the specificity of the serological tests, while synthesis and inclusion of peptides containing non-conserved sequences of TB antigens as well as dominant B-cell epitopes reduced non-specific reactions without a decrease in sensitivity of the tests. A polyprotein fusing HspX and eight other antigen sequences was constructed and displayed 60.2% sensitivity, which was higher than that of HspX and the other individual antigen segments. Moreover, the specificity of the polyprotein was 93.8%, which was not significantly decreased when compared with HspX and the other individual antigen segments. Conclusions The roles of the fusion polyprotein in the humoral immune response against TB infection were demonstrated and provide a potential novel approach for the development of TB diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Zhou
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindong Xu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Pan
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hao X, Bai J, Ding Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Yao L, Pan W. Characterization of antibody response against 16kD and 38kD of M. tuberculosis in the assisted diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:945. [PMID: 32953745 PMCID: PMC7475385 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In view of the inability of traditional etiological methods to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis rapidly and effectively, the antibody responses against 38kD and 16kD-antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) were both detected in order to obtain a better serological detection method for M. tuberculosis. Methods M. tuberculosis-secreted protein 38kD and membrane protein 16kD were prokaryotically expressed and purified, and then used as detection antigens. A novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule (NEIBM)-ELISA method was used to detect antibody levels against 38kD and 16kD in active tuberculosis patients (confirmed tuberculosis cases and clinically diagnosed cases), to explore the significance of these two antigens in serological detection of M. tuberculosis, and to study the diagnostic value of the combined detection of the two antigens in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Results The results showed that the positive detection rates of the 16kD antigen and 38kD antigen of M. tuberculosis were higher (about 44%) in the confirmed cases of tuberculosis, and there was no significant difference in the positive detection rates of the two antigens (P=0.786). The combined detection of these two antigens showed that the positive detection rate could be increased to 61.5%, which was significantly better than the detection effect of the two antigens alone. The positive detection rates of 16kD and 38kD antigens were 26–30% in clinically diagnosed tuberculosis cases, which were lower than those in confirmed tuberculosis cases, and there was no significant difference in the positive detection rates of the two antigens (P=0.242). The detection effect of the two combined antigens was better than that of the 16kD and 38kD antigens alone, but the detection rate was still lower than that of the confirmed tuberculosis cases. Conclusions This study found that the detection effect of 16kD and 38kD antigens was similar in confirmed cases and clinically diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and that the detection effect needs to be further improved. The combined detection of the two antigens showed a significantly better detection effect than the two antigens alone, suggesting that the combined detection of multiple antigens can be used for serological diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidian Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ding Y, Rui B, Gao C, Xu M, Wang L, Zhao C, Bai J, Wang J, Xu J, Pan W. Non-neutralizing Antibody Responses against VP1 in Enterovirus A, B, C and Rhinovirus A species among Infants and Children in Shanghai. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5455. [PMID: 29615683 PMCID: PMC5882884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall non-neutralizing antibody responses against EV infections among infants and children remain unknown. The non-neutralizing antibody responses against VP1 of EV-A species (Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16)), EV-B species (Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3)), EV-C species (Poliovirus 1 (PV1)) and RV-A species (Rhinovirus A N13 (RV13)) were detected and analyzed using a novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule (NEIBM)-based ELISA among infants and children aged 1 day to 6 years in Shanghai. The anti-VP1 reactivity against these EVs changed similarly in an age-related dynamic: being high level in the 1-28-day age group, declining to the lowest level in the 1-12-month age group, gradually increasing to the peak level in the 13-60-month age group, and remarkably declining in the 61-72-month age group, which reflects the conversion from maternally-derived to primary antibody responses. The anti-RV13 VP1 antibodies were demonstrated at the highest level, with anti-CB3 and PV1 VP1 antibodies at the second highest level and anti-CA16 and EV71 VP1 antibodies at the lowest level. These findings are the first to describe the overall non-neutralizing antibody responses against VP1 of the EV-A, B, C and RV-A viruses among the infants and children and could be helpful for further understanding the ubiquitous EV infections among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ding
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bing Rui
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 8 Panshan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Ding Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Teng Z, Gao C, Qian B, Wang L, Feng J, Wang J, Zhao C, Guo C, Pan W. Different Antibody Response against the Coxsackievirus A16 VP1 Capsid Protein: Specific or Non-Specific. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162820. [PMID: 27622652 PMCID: PMC5021329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease worldwide. The non-neutralizing antibody response that targets CA16 VP1 remains poorly elucidated. In the present study, antibody responses against CA16 VP1 in Shanghai blood donors and Shanxi individuals were analyzed by ELISA and inhibitory ELISA using five CA16 VP1 antigens: VP11-297, VP141-297, VP11-60, VP145-58 and VP161-297. The correlation coefficients for most of the reactions against each of the five antigens and the inhibition of the anti-CA16 VP1 antibody response produced by the various antigens were higher in Shanghai blood donors compared to those in Shanxi individuals. VP11-297 and VP141-297 strongly inhibited the anti-CA16 VP1 response in serum samples from both populations, while VP145-58 and VP161-297 intermediately and weakly inhibited the anti-CA16 VP1 response, respectively, in only Shanghai group. A specific type of inhibition (anti-CA16 VP1 was completely inhibited by both VP11-60 and VP141-297) characterized by high neutralizing antibody titers was identified and accounted for 71.4% of the strongly reactive samples from the Shanghai group. These results indicate that the Shanghai blood donors exhibited a consistent and specific antibody response, while the Shanxi individuals showed an inconsistent and non-specific antibody response. These findings may improve the understanding of host humoral immunity against CA16 and help to identify an effective approach for seroepidemiological surveillance and specific diagnosis of CA16 infection based on normal and competitive ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ding
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical College, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Qian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunjiu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical College, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Serological detection and analysis of anti-VP1 responses against various enteroviruses (EV) (EV-A, EV-B and EV-C) in Chinese individuals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21979. [PMID: 26917423 PMCID: PMC4768086 DOI: 10.1038/srep21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall serological prevalence of EV infections based on ELISA remains unknown. In the present study, the antibody responses against VP1 of the EV-A species (enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), Coxsackievirus A5 (CA5) and Coxsackievirus A6 (CA6)), of the EV-B species (Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3)), and of the EV-C species (Poliovirus 1 (PV1)) were detected and analyzed by a NEIBM (novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule)-based ELISA in Shanghai blood donors. The serological prevalence of anti-CB3 VP1 antibodies was demonstrated to show the highest level, with anti-PV1 VP1 antibodies at the second highest level, and anti-CA5, CA6, CA16 and EV71 VP1 antibodies at a comparatively low level. All reactions were significantly correlated at different levels, which were approximately proportional to their sequence similarities. Antibody responses against EV71 VP1 showed obvious differences with responses against other EV-A viruses. Obvious differences in antibody responses between August 2013 and May 2014 were revealed. These findings are the first to describe the detailed information of the serological prevalence of human antibody responses against the VP1 of EV-A, B and C viruses, and could be helpful for understanding of the ubiquity of EV infections and for identifying an effective approach for seroepidemiological surveillance based on ELISA.
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Ding Y, Chen X, Qian B, Wu G, He T, Feng J, Gao C, Wang L, Wang J, Li X, Cao M, Peng H, Zhao C, Pan W. Characterization of the antibody response against EV71 capsid proteins in Chinese individuals by NEIBM-ELISA. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10636. [PMID: 26023863 PMCID: PMC4448526 DOI: 10.1038/srep10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) has become the major pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) worldwide, while the anti-EV71 antibody responses other than neutralizing epitopes have not been characterized. In this study, EV71 capsid proteins VP1, VP3, VP0 and various VP1 antigens were constructed to analyze anti-EV71 response in severe HFMD cases, non-HFMD outpatient children and normal adults using a novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule (NEIBM)-based ELISA. The high prevalence of antibody responses against all three capsid proteins was demonstrated, and anti-EV71 VP1 showed the main antibody response. Anti-EV71 VP1 antibody response was found to predominantly target to epitopes based on the common enterovirus cross-reactive sequence. Moreover, inhibition pattern against anti-EV71 VP1 reactions in three groups was obviously different. Taken together, these results firstly characterized the anti-EV71 antibody responses which are predominantly against VP1 epitopes based on common enterovirus cross-reactive sequence. This finding could be helpful for the better understanding of anti-EV71 humoral immunity and useful for seroepidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ding
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of pediatrics, Wuxi people's hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baohua Qian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi people's hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Mingmei Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Heng Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University
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In vitro molecular evolution yields an NEIBM with a potential novel IgG binding property. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6908. [PMID: 25366194 PMCID: PMC4219159 DOI: 10.1038/srep06908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) and protein G of groups C and G streptococci (SpG) are two well-defined bacterial immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding proteins (IBPs) with high affinity for specific sites on IgG from mammalian hosts. Both SpA and SpG contain several highly-homologous IgG-binding domains, each of which possesses similar binding characteristic of the whole corresponding proteins. Whether specific combinations of these domains could generate a molecule with novel IgG-binding properties remained unknown. We constructed a combinatorial phage library displaying randomly-rearranged A, B, C, D and E domains of SpA as well as the B2 (G2) and B3 (G3) domains of SpG. In vitro molecular evolution directed by human, rabbit, bovine, or goat polyclonal IgGs and four subclasses of mouse monoclonal IgGs generated one common combination, D-C-G3. A series of assays demonstrated that D-C-G3 exhibited a potential novel IgG binding property that was obviously different from those of both parent proteins. This study provides an example of successful protein engineering through in vitro molecular evolution and useful approaches for structure and function studies of IBPs.
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He T, Ding YY, Feng JJ, Chen QL, Zhu HM, Peng H, Rui B, Li XY, Cao MM, Pan W. In vitro molecular evolution of AL NEIBMs improved immunoglobulin (Ig) binding and antibody detection. J Biotechnol 2014; 184:118-27. [PMID: 24862200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AL (SpA A domain-PpL B3 domain), LD5 (PpL B3 domain-SpA D domain-PpL B3 domain-SpA D domain-PpL B3 domain, L-D-L-D-L) and LD3 (PpL B3 domain-SpA D domain-PpL B3 domain, L-D-L) are novel evolved Ig binding molecules (NEIBMs) derived from the in vitro molecular evolution of combinatorial phage libraries displaying randomly rearranged Ig-binding domains of protein A and protein L. These molecules all showed novel Ig-binding properties of double-site binding to the VH3 and Vκ regions of human Ig Fab and high affinity for human IgM, which enhanced IgM detection in the anti-HCV ELISA assay. In this double-site binding, the A domain binds to the VH3 chain with low affinity. Whether the appropriate mutations in the A domain could improve this binding remains unknown. In this study, four combinatorial phage libraries displaying AL mutants with random mutations at different amino acid positions in the A domain were constructed. Seven AL mutant phages with significantly improved Ig binding activity were obtained from the phage library displaying AL mutants randomly mutated at positions 27 and 34 through human IgM-directed in vitro evolution. Two of the seven prokaryotically expressed AL mutants, AL (VV) and AL (KA), exhibited IgM and IgG binding activities equivalent to those of wild-type AL, whereas other mutants showed attenuated binding. However, after labeling with HRP, AL (VV) and AL (KA) showed improved IgM and IgG binding activity, which significantly improved the detection in the anti-HCV assay. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the binding properties of AL were successfully improved through phage-based molecular evolution, which could substantially contribute to the use of AL in antibody detection, and provides an example of successful protein engineering through in vitro molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ding
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiu-Li Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huai-Min Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Heng Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing Rui
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming-Mei Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Chen Q, Li L, Liao W, Zhang H, Wang J, Sheng B, Zhang H, Huang X, Ding Y, Zhang T, Cao J, Wu H, Pan W. Characterization of Tat antibody responses in Chinese individuals infected with HIV-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60825. [PMID: 23565278 PMCID: PMC3614898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat is an important regulatory protein involved in AIDS pathogenesis. However, the immunoprofiles of anti-Tat responses remain unclear. We analysed the immunoprofiles of the anti-Tat antibody responses and the neutralizing activities. Out of 326 HIV-1-seropositive individuals, 12.9% were positive for anti-Tat antibodies. We found six different immunological profiles of anti-Tat antibody responses: full-potential response, combined response, N-specific response, C-specific response, full-length Tat-specific response and Tat-related response. These responses represent two types of anti-Tat responses: the major complete response and the alternative C-prone response. A Tat-neutralizing activity is significantly higher in anti-Tat-seropositive samples than anti-Tat-negative or healthy blood-donor samples, and significantly correlates with the anti-Tat reactivities. The data here could contribute to a better understanding of the significance of anti-Tat responses in preventing HIV pathogenesis and could be useful for designing more effective vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Sheng
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WP); (HW)
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WP); (HW)
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11
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Abstract
Proteins capable of non-immune binding of immunoglobulins G (IgG) of various mammalian species, i.e. without the involvement of the antigen-binding sites of the immunoglobulins, are widespread in bacteria. These proteins are located on the surface of bacterial cells and help them to evade the host's immune response due to protection against the action of complement and to decrease in phagocytosis. This review summarizes data on the structure of immunoglobulin-binding proteins (IBP) and their complexes with IgG. Common and distinctive structural features of IBPs of gram-positive bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, peptostreptococci) are discussed. Conditions for IBP expression by bacteria and their functional heterogeneity are considered. Data on IBPs of gram-negative bacteria are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Sidorin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
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12
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Novel evolved immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding molecules enhance the detection of IgM against hepatitis C virus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18477. [PMID: 21533225 PMCID: PMC3077374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of specific antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most widely available test for viral diagnosis and monitoring of HCV infections. However, narrowing the serologic window of anti-HCV detection by enhancing anti-HCV IgM detection has remained to be a problem. Herein, we used LD5, a novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule (NEIBM) with a high affinity for IgM, to develop a new anti-HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using horseradish peroxidase-labeled LD5 (HRP-LD5) as the conjugated enzyme complex. The HRP-LD5 assay showed detection efficacy that is comparable with two kinds of domestic diagnostic kits and the Abbott 3.0 kit when tested against the national reference panel. Moreover, the HRP-LD5 assay showed a higher detection rate (55.9%, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 0.489, 0.629) than that of a domestic diagnostic ELISA kit (Chang Zheng) (53.3%, 95% CI 0.463, 0.603) in 195 hemodialysis patient serum samples. Five serum samples that were positive using the HRP-LD5 assay and negative with the conventional anti-HCV diagnostic ELISA kits were all positive for HCV RNA, and 4 of them had detectable antibodies when tested with the established anti-HCV IgM assay. An IgM confirmation study revealed the IgM reaction nature of these five serum samples. These results demonstrate that HRP-LD5 improved anti-HCV detection by enhancing the detection of anti-HCV IgM, which may have potential value for the early diagnosis and screening of hepatitis C and other infectious diseases.
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13
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Cao J, Wen ZM, Deng SH, Zhou X, Chen QL, Liao WT, Jiang SH, Jia JA, Qi ZT, Sun SH, Pan W. Phage-based molecular directed evolution yields multiple tandem human IgA affibodies with intramolecular binding avidity. J Biotechnol 2011; 158:120-7. [PMID: 21219944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Affibodies are a group of affinity proteins that are based on a 58-amino-acid residue protein domain derived from one of the IgG-binding domains of staphylococcal protein A. A single human IgA affibody with high IgA affinity has been generated by directed evolution. It remains interesting whether tandem IgA affibody proteins could increase binding capacity. Here, we report the generation of multiple tandem IgA affibodies by directed evolution using a combinatorial phage library displaying the IgA affibody A1 and/or A2 linked with three random amino acids. These affibodies exhibited markedly increased IgA binding capacity, as shown by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting and surface plasmon resonance assays. We further showed that these tandem IgA affibodies displayed preferential binding to intact IgA molecules compared to individual IgA chain, suggesting intramolecular binding avidity. Our data demonstrates that artificial multiple tandem human IgA affibodies with relevant biological binding avidity were successfully yielded by phage-based molecular evolution. These results have broad implications for the design and development of binding proteins that target important biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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15
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Wang L, Wang L, Yang B, Yang Q, Qiao S, Wang Y, Sun Y. Strong expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by renal cell carcinoma cells correlates with metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009; 26:1049-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-009-9294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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