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Mangion J, Gruppetta M. The environmental burden on endocrine neoplasia: a review on the documented impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:513-524. [PMID: 37840278 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2268215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gained more importance in the past decade, mostly due to their role in the pathogenesis of disease, especially in carcinogenesis. However, there is limited literature on the environmental burden on some of the less common endocrine neoplasia. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on both observational and experimental studies linking exposure to EDCs and endocrine neoplasia specifically pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and neuroendocrine tumors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature was performed using Medline and Google Scholar, giving preference to recent publications. EXPERT OPINION Exposure to EDC occurs not only in the household but also at work, whether it is in the office, factory, or farm and during transport from one location to another. Many studies have evaluated the effect of single environmental agents; however, humans are rarely exposed to only one EDC. Different EDCs and different levels of exposure may interact together to provide either a synergistic and/or an antagonistic disruption on human health, and hence a complex mechanism to elucidate. The ultimate adverse effect is difficult to predict, as it is not only influenced by the degree of exposure, but also by genetics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mangion
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Mark Gruppetta
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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Ateia M, Sigmund G, Bentel MJ, Washington JW, Lai A, Merrill NH, Wang Z. Integrated data-driven cross-disciplinary framework to prevent chemical water pollution. ONE EARTH (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 6:10.1016/j.oneear.2023.07.001. [PMID: 38264630 PMCID: PMC10802893 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Access to a clean and healthy environment is a human right and a prerequisite for maintaining a sustainable ecosystem. Experts across domains along the chemical life cycle have traditionally operated in isolation, leading to limited connectivity between upstream chemical innovation to downstream development of water-treatment technologies. This fragmented and historically reactive approach to managing emerging contaminants has resulted in significant externalized societal costs. Herein, we propose an integrated data-driven framework to foster proactive action across domains to effectively address chemical water pollution. By implementing this integrated framework, it will not only enhance the capabilities of experts in their respective fields but also create opportunities for novel approaches that yield co-benefits across multiple domains. To successfully operationalize the integrated framework, several concerted efforts are warranted, including adopting open and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data practices, developing common knowledge bases/platforms, and staying vigilant against new substance "properties" of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ateia
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Bentel
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - John W. Washington
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Adelene Lai
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel H. Merrill
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa Swiss – Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Kadonsky KF, Naughton CC, Susa M, Olson R, Singh GL, Daza-Torres ML, Montesinos-López JC, Garcia YE, Gafurova M, Gushgari A, Cosgrove J, White BJ, Boehm AB, Wolfe MK, Nuño M, Bischel HN. Expansion of wastewater-based disease surveillance to improve health equity in California's Central Valley: sequential shifts in case-to-wastewater and hospitalization-to-wastewater ratios. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1141097. [PMID: 37457240 PMCID: PMC10348812 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1141097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over a third of the communities (39%) in the Central Valley of California, a richly diverse and important agricultural region, are classified as disadvantaged-with inadequate access to healthcare, lower socio-economic status, and higher exposure to air and water pollution. The majority of racial and ethnic minorities are also at higher risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy Central Valley Together established a wastewater-based disease surveillance (WDS) program that aims to achieve greater health equity in the region through partnership with Central Valley communities and the Sewer Coronavirus Alert Network. WDS offers a cost-effective strategy to monitor trends in SARS-CoV-2 community infection rates. Methods In this study, we evaluated correlations between public health and wastewater data (represented as SARS-CoV-2 target gene copies normalized by pepper mild mottle virus target gene copies) collected for three Central Valley communities over two periods of COVID-19 infection waves between October 2021 and September 2022. Public health data included clinical case counts at county and sewershed scales as well as COVID-19 hospitalization and intensive care unit admissions. Lag-adjusted hospitalization:wastewater ratios were also evaluated as a retrospective metric of disease severity and corollary to hospitalization:case ratios. Results Consistent with other studies, strong correlations were found between wastewater and public health data. However, a significant reduction in case:wastewater ratios was observed for all three communities from the first to the second wave of infections, decreasing from an average of 4.7 ± 1.4 over the first infection wave to 0.8 ± 0.4 over the second. Discussion The decline in case:wastewater ratios was likely due to reduced clinical testing availability and test seeking behavior, highlighting how WDS can fill data gaps associated with under-reporting of cases. Overall, the hospitalization:wastewater ratios remained more stable through the two waves of infections, averaging 0.5 ± 0.3 and 0.3 ± 0.4 over the first and second waves, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystin F. Kadonsky
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Colleen C. Naughton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Mirjana Susa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Olson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Guadalupe L. Singh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Maria L. Daza-Torres
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Yury Elena Garcia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maftuna Gafurova
- Eurofins Environment Testing US, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Adam Gushgari
- Eurofins Environment Testing US, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - John Cosgrove
- Eurofins Environment Testing US, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | | | - Alexandria B. Boehm
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marlene K. Wolfe
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Miriam Nuño
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Heather N. Bischel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Feng B, Zhong Y, He J, Sha X, Fang L, Xu Z, Qi Y. Nitrogen sources and conversion processes in shallow groundwater around a plain lake (Northwest China): Evidenced by multiple isotopes and water chemistry. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139322. [PMID: 37356584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The groundwater quality is severely impacted by Nitrate (NO3--N) pollution worldwide. Effective lake quality management depends on understanding the origin and fate of nitrogen (N) in the groundwater around lakes. This study combined data for multiple stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) and hydrochemistry with the hydrodynamic monitoring profile and a Bayesian isotope mixing (MixSIAR) model to clarify the sources and transformation of N within shallow groundwater around Shahu Lake in the arid area plain of Northwest China. In May 2022, multiple water samples were collected from aquifers (n = 33), drainage water (n = 1), channel water (n = 1), and lake water (n = 7). The results showed that 57% of groundwater samples had high NO3--N concentrations exceeding the World Health Organisation threshold for drinking water (10 mg/L). The high variation in δ15N-NO3 (from -9.21‰ to +27.57‰) and δ18O-NO3 (from -8.32‰ to +19.04‰) revealed multiple N sources and conversion processes. According to nitrate isotopes and the MixSIAR model, N fertilizer, soil organic N and manure, and sewage are the main sources of nitrogen in groundwater and lake water, which account for 40.61%, 35.86%, and 21.55% of groundwater NO3--N, respectively, and 35.07%, 34.43%, and 27.49% of lake water NO3--N. Hydrodynamic monitoring combined with water isotopes showed that upper groundwater (5-10 m) within 1.22 km of the adjacent lake shore strongly interacted with the lake. In groundwater, nitrification predominated, while local denitrification remained a possibility. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive approach to determining the sources and conversion of N in contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Yanxia Zhong
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; Key Lab. for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
| | - Jing He
- Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; Key Lab. for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Xiaohua Sha
- Ningxia Vocational Technical College of Industry and Commerce, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Hydrology Environmental Geological Survey Institute of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Xu
- Hydrology Environmental Geological Survey Institute of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Yarong Qi
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
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Li X, Xu YJ, Ni M, Wang C, Li S. Riverine nitrate source and transformation as affected by land use and land cover. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115380. [PMID: 36716803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A mixed land use/land cover (LULC) catchment increases the complexity of sources and transformations of nitrate in rivers. Spatial paucity of sampling particularly low-resolution sampling in tributaries can result in a bias for identifying nitrate sources and transformations. In this study, high spatial resolution sampling campaigns covering mainstream and tributaries in combination with hydro-chemical parameters and dual isotopes of nitrate were performed to reveal spatio-temporal variations of nitrate sources and transformations in a river draining a mixed LULC catchment. This study suggested that point sources dominated the nitrate in the summer and winter, while non-point sources dominated the nitrate in the spring and autumn. A positive correlation was observed between proportions from sewage and land use index (LUI). However, negative correlations between soil nitrogen/nitrogen fertilizer and LUI were observed. With an increase of urban areas, the increased contribution from domestic sewage resulted in an increase of NO3- concentrations in rivers. Both urban and agricultural inputs should be considered in nitrate pollution management in a mixed LULC catchment. We concluded that the seasonal variations of nitrate sources were mainly affected by flow velocity conditions and agricultural activities, while spatial variations were mainly affected by LULC. In addition, we found a novel underestimation of dominated sources from Bayesian model because of mixing effect of isotope values from the tributaries to mainstream, however, high spatial resolution sampling can make up for this shortcoming. δ15N and δ18O values of nitrate indicated that nitrate originated from nitrification in soils. The nitrate concentrations and correlation between δ15N and 1/[NO3-] suggested little contribution of nitrate removal by denitrification. Thus, the nitrate reduction in the Yuehe River basin needs to be strengthened. The study provides new implications for estimation of nitrate sources and transformations and basis for nitrate reduction in the river with mixed LULC catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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Relationship between serum nitric oxide of patients with thyroid disorders and metabolic syndrome indices and nitrate concentration of water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:692. [PMID: 36639414 PMCID: PMC9839768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This case-control study aimed to assess the effect of drinking water nitrate on serum nitric oxide concentration and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the population in the Middle East. The study included 50 control and 50 thyroid disorder cases who were referred to two medical centers in 2021. In this study, serum nitric oxide concentration, drinking water nitrate, and metabolic syndrome components were measured in the two groups. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference between serum NO in the case and control groups (p-value < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the concentration of nitrate in drinking water and serum nitric oxide in the case and control groups; however, this relationship was not significant statistically. A statistically significant difference was found between serum nitric oxide and systolic blood pressure in the cases (p-value < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between MetS and nitric oxide. Therefore, we concluded that the relationship between nitric oxide and nitrate in consuming water should be determined in thyroid patients. In addition to their water consumption, it is better to study the nitrate of foods, especially vegetables.
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Nationwide geospatial analysis of county racial and ethnic composition and public drinking water arsenic and uranium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7461. [PMID: 36460659 PMCID: PMC9718774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no safe level of exposure to inorganic arsenic or uranium, yet recent studies identified sociodemographic and regional inequalities in concentrations of these frequently detected contaminants in public water systems across the US. We analyze the county-level association between racial/ethnic composition and public water arsenic and uranium concentrations from 2000-2011 using geospatial models. We find that higher proportions of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian/Alaskan Native residents are associated with significantly higher arsenic and uranium concentrations. These associations differ in magnitude and direction across regions; higher proportions of non-Hispanic Black residents are associated with higher arsenic and uranium in regions where concentrations of these contaminants are high. The findings from this nationwide geospatial analysis identifying racial/ethnic inequalities in arsenic and uranium concentrations in public drinking water across the US can advance environmental justice initiatives by informing regulatory action and financial and technical support to protect communities of color.
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Lin YY, Weng SF, Hsu CH, Huang CL, Lin YP, Yeh MC, Han AY, Hsieh YS. Effect of metformin monotherapy and dual or triple concomitant therapy with metformin on glycemic control and lipid profile management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:995944. [PMID: 36314019 PMCID: PMC9614085 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.995944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of metformin-based dual therapy versus triple therapy on glycemic control and lipid profile changes in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In total, 60 patients were eligible for participation in this study. Patients received at least 24 months of metformin monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple therapy with metformin plus linagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor) or dapagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor). Blood samples were collected from each patient, followed by evaluation of changes in their blood glucose control and lipid profile-related markers. Results A combination of metformin and DPP4 and SGLT2 inhibitor therapy more effectively reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.016) than metformin monotherapy. A combination of metformin and DPP4 and SGLT2 inhibitor therapy more effectively improved total cholesterol (Chol, p = 0.049) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than metformin monotherapy (p = 0.037). Metformin plus linagliptin dual therapy was more effective than metformin monotherapy in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C, p = 0.011). Patients who received a combination of linagliptin and empagliflozin showed a significant reduction in their fasting blood glucose (p = 0.019), HbA1c (p = 0.036), and Chol (p = 0.010) compared with those who received linagliptin dual therapy. Furthermore, patients who received metformin plus dapagliflozin and saxagliptin showed significantly reduced Chol (p = 0.011) and LDL-C (p = 0.035) levels compared with those who received metformin plus dapagliflozin. Conclusion In conclusion, dual therapy with metformin and linagliptin yields similar glycemic control ability to triple therapy. Among metformin combination triple therapy, triple therapy of empagliflozin and linagliptin might have a better glycemic control ability than dual therapy of linagliptin. Moreover, Triple therapy of dapagliflozin and saxagliptin might have a better lipid control ability than dual therapy of dapagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yu Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Fu Weng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huei Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ling Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chun Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - A-Young Han
- Department of Nursing, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Shan Hsieh
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yu-Shan Hsieh,
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Feng B, Ma Y, Qi Y, Zhong Y, Sha X. Health risk assessment of groundwater nitrogen pollution in Yinchuan plain. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 249:104031. [PMID: 35839584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High nitrogen concentration of groundwater poses a threat to human health. This study evaluated the potential health risk of nitrogen pollution in Yinchuan plain by geostatistical analysis and triangular stochastic model considering different land use types, and identified the uncertainties of the parameters. 163 samples were collected from groundwater wells in different land use types. The results show that the concentration of NO3--N ranges from 0.059 to 450 mg/L, with an average of 22.439 mg/L. Approximately 32% of the samples exceed Grade III threshold (20 mg/L of N). The concentration of NH4+-N ranges from 0.011 to 11 mg/L, with an average of 0.456 mg/L. The concentration of NO2--N ranges from 0.003 to 9.09 mg/L The NO3--N and NH4+-N concentration in the groundwater of the unutilized land use is significantly lowest among all the land types. The concentration of nitrogen is highest in farmland use. The ranking of non-carcinogenic risk under different land types for infants, children, adult males and females is: farmland use > residential land use> unutilized land use. The non-carcinogenic risk value of farmland use is three times as much as that of the residential land use. Drinking groundwater can be potentially harmful to human health, and nitrogen pollutants pose an even greater threat to infant. At the same time, considering the impact of different land use types on groundwater would avoid overestimating or underestimating regional risk value. Triangular stochastic model is more sensitive to data changes and can reduce uncertainty. The contribution rate of nitrate concentration to risk is more than 83%, indicating that random sampling is needed to improve the reliability of evaluation results. The research results of this study will provide a new way to solve the uncertainty in groundwater security management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yuxue Ma
- Ningxia Institute of Fundamental Geological Survey, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yarong Qi
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yanxia Zhong
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; Key Lab. for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Xiaohua Sha
- Ningxia Vocational Technical College of Industry and Commerce, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
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Chen B, Xie Z, Duan X. Thyroid cancer incidence trend and association with obesity, physical activity in the United States. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1333. [PMID: 35831811 PMCID: PMC9281136 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND State-level racial/ethnic and age differences and the temporal trend of thyroid cancer (TC) incidence in the USA remain unknown. Our research purposes include: Characterizing state-level temporal variation in TC incidence; examining the disparities of TC incidence by state-level race/ethnicity and age; performing an ecological correlation between TC incidence and obesity/physical activity. METHODS TC incidence data during 2000-2017 were extracted from the United States cancer statistics. Using joinpoint regression to evaluate TC incidence trends. Annual percent change (APC), average APC (AAPC) and incidence rates were calculated. The obesity prevalence and physical activity level at the state-level were extracted from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the association between state-level AAPC of TC and obesity/physical activity was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS We found that the TC incidence had shown an overall downward trend in recent years, but 10 states continued increasing. There were significant differences in state-level race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Whites as a reference) and age group (45-59 age group as a reference) incidence: Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) was 0.4-1.2 for non-Hispanic Blacks, 0.7-1.6 for non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islanders, 0.4-1.2 for non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and 0.5-1.3 for Hispanics. High IRR in young people were distributed in northern USA, while in older people were distributed in south. The state-level obesity/physical activity level and AAPC had a weak correlation (r = 0.34, P = 0.016) and inverse weak correlation (r = -0.29, P = 0.037), respectively. The AAPC of states with a consistent increasing trend had an extremely strong correlation with obesity prevalence (r = 0.80, p = 0.006), and an inverse strong correlation with physical activity level (r = -0.65, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Thyroid cancer incidence in 10 states continued increasing. State-level variation in race/ethnicity and age group incidence were found. Lifestyle and environmental factors may interfere with the incidence trend of TC in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoyou Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhaomin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Xuwei Duan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
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Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Families Due to Chronic Consumption of Nitrate-Contaminated Water in Rural Areas with Intensive Livestock and Agricultural Practices in Durango, Mexico. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is a widely disseminated water pollutant and has been linked to health disorders, including hypothyroidism. Here, we evaluated the relationship between thyroid function and chronic exposure to nitrates in rural zone families, in addition to the genetic and autoimmune factors. Exposure and effect biomarkers, thyroid hormones, and autoantibodies of tiroperoxidase were measured, as well the presence of two FOXE1 polymorphisms (rs965513, rs1867277). Pearson’s correlation, principal component analysis, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. A total of 102 individuals were analyzed; 45% presented subclinical hypothyroidism, a negative correlation was observed between methemoglobin and the total T3 (r = −0.43, p = 0.001) and free T3 levels (r = −0.34, p = 0.001), as well as between TSH and the free T4 (r = −0.41, p = 0.0001) and total T4 (r = −0.36, p = 0.0001). A total of 15.7% had positive antithyroid ab-TPO, while the polymorphic genotype (AA) represented only 3% (rs965513) and 4% (rs1867277) among subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The high frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in the population under study could be related, mainly, to chronic exposure through the consumption of nitrate-contaminated water.
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Masten SJ, Harris A, Kearns J, Borrion A, Peters CA, Gadhamshetty VR. Global Environmental Engineering for and with Historically Marginalized Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2021; 38:285-287. [PMID: 34079201 PMCID: PMC8165455 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2021.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marginalized communities lack full participation in social, economic, and political life, and they disproportionately bear the burden of environmental and health risks. This special issue of Environmental Engineering Science, the official journal of the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP), reports research on the unique environmental challenges faced by historically marginalized communities around the world. The results of community-based participatory research with an Afro-descendant community in Columbia, Native American communities in Alaska, United States, villagers in the Philippines, disadvantaged communities in California, United States, rural communities in Mexico and Costa Rica, homeless encampments in the San Diego River (United States) watershed entrepreneurs in Durban, South Africa, and remote communities in the island nation of Fiji are presented. The research reported in this special issue is transdisciplinary, bringing engineers together with anthropologists, sociologists, economists, and public health experts. In the 13 articles in this special issue, some of the topics covered include inexpensive technologies for water treatment, novel agricultural strategies for reversing biodiversity losses, and strategies for climate change adaptation. In addition, one article covered educational strategies for teaching ethics to prepare students for humanitarian engineering, including topics of poverty, sustainability, social justice, and engineering decisions under uncertainty. Finally, an article presented ways that environmental engineering professors can engage and promote the success of underrepresented minority students and enable faculty engaged in community-based participatory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Masten
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Angela Harris
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua Kearns
- Aqueous Solutions, Moravian Falls, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aiduan Borrion
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. Peters
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Venkataramana R. Gadhamshetty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA
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