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Batista JVC, Uecker A, Holandino C, Boylan F, Maier J, Huwyler J, Baumgartner S. A Scoping Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Resin From the Species Larix decidua Mill. [Pinaceae] to Treat Ulcerating Wounds. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895838. [PMID: 35721139 PMCID: PMC9204203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant ulcerating wounds or neoplastic lesions are a considerable burden for patients suffering from advanced cancer. These wounds have no effective treatment and are very difficult to manage. The present review summarizes evidence in support of a hypothesis put forward in anthroposophic medicine, which suggests a beneficial role of resin from the species Larix decidua Mill. [Pinaceae] for treating such wounds. A systematic search strategy was performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE and SciFinder. The included publications described the chemical composition of this species, as well as in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments using plant extracts and isolated compounds. The results show that among the phytochemical classes, terpenoids were the major components of this species, especially in the resin. The summarized biological experiments revealed antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, with promising potential for the extracts and isolated compounds. However, the molecular mechanisms and toxicological effects are as of yet not conclusively evaluated. From the data of our study, we can conclude that L. decidua might indeed have a promising potential for the treatment of malignant wounds, but definitive information that can prove its effectiveness is still lacking. We therefore suggest that future efforts should be dedicated to the evaluation of L. decidua resin's therapeutic use considering its antiseptic action and proposed wound healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. C. Batista
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, Arlesheim, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annekathrin Uecker
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Carla Holandino
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jakob Maier
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, Arlesheim, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Stephan Baumgartner,
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Bint E Naser SF, Su H, Liu HY, Manzer ZA, Chao Z, Roy A, Pappa AM, Salleo A, Owens RM, Daniel S. Detection of Ganglioside-Specific Toxin Binding with Biomembrane-Based Bioelectronic Sensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7942-7950. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samavi Farnush Bint E Naser
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hui Su
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Han-Yuan Liu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zachary A. Manzer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhongmou Chao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Arpita Roy
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Karimi Bavandpour A, Bakhshi B, Najar-Peerayeh S. The roles of mesoporous silica and carbon nanoparticles in antigen stability and intensity of immune response against recombinant subunit B of cholera toxin in a rabbit animal model. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118868. [PMID: 31765785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the front line in the fight against diseases. However, setbacks with existing cholera vaccines have ignited a considerable effort to develop more suitable vaccine formulations. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of antigen stability and controlled release in inducing an immune response. Therefore, two types of silica and carbon mesoporous nanoparticles of the same size and shape but different pore architectures were synthesized and loaded with recombinant cholera toxin subunit B to serve as a model for antigen stability and controlled release of antigenic CTB. In order to evaluate immune response efficacy for these model formulations, IgG and IgA responses and fluid accumulation (FA) index were measured in immunized rabbits, which were challenged with wild-type Vibrio cholerae. Our result suggests that mesoporous silica nanoparticles have greater efficacy in inducing mucosal immune responses, and it proved more proficiency in overall immune responses in challenge experiments and FA index (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that mesoporous nanoparticles and, in particular, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, could be used in oral vaccine formulation against cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karimi Bavandpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Liu B, Liu QM, Li GL, Sun LC, Gao YY, Zhang YF, Liu H, Cao MJ, Liu GM. The anti-diarrhea activity of red algae-originated sulphated polysaccharides on ETEC-K88 infected mice. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2360-2370. [PMID: 35520502 PMCID: PMC9059870 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from red algae Porphyra haitanensis and Gracilaria lemaneiformis possess various bioactive functions, however, their anti-diarrhea activity remains incompletely defined. In the current study, sulphated polysaccharides were extracted by high pressure treatment plus ethanol precipitation from these two algae, and named PHSP(hp) and GLSP(hp), respectively. PHSP(hp) and GLSP(hp) showed decreased viscosity and molecular weight. Meanwhile, they have a certain immunomodulatory effect on wound healing and migration of RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, they significantly increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A BALB/c model infected by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-K88 was also established to evaluate the anti-diarrhea activity of PHSP(hp) and GLSP(hp). The results showed that PHSP(hp) and GLSP(hp) were able to alleviate mice diarrhea symptoms. Meanwhile, they inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the secretion of immunoglobulin A via reducing the population of B cells. In addition, the nitroblue tetrazolium levels of mouse serum were decreased. Taken together, PHSP(hp) and GLSP(hp) alleviated the inflammatory response of ETEC-K88-induced diarrhea through both specific and non-specific immunity. Sulphated polysaccharides from red algae may be used as functional food components for remitting diarrhea. Polysaccharides from red algae Porphyra haitanensis and Gracilaria lemaneiformis possess various bioactive functions, however, their anti-diarrhea activity remains incompletely defined.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Qing-Mei Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Gui-Ling Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Le-Chang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Ya-Fen Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources
- Jimei University
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Hossain M, Begum M, Kim I. Effects of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecumL.) seed extract supplementation in different energy density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2016-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) in growing pigs. About 140 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 23.70 ± 2.80 kg were used in a 6 wk trial. Treatments were (on as-fed basis) two levels of FSE (FSE0, 0 or FSE0.2, 2 g kg−1basal diet), and two levels of energy [low-energy diet (LED); 3160 or high-energy diet (HED); 3260 kcal kg−1metabolizable energy (ME)]. Pigs in HED and FSE0.2 diets had higher final BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed ratio (G:F) compared with in LED, and FSE0 diets, respectively (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the FSE0.2 and HED diets had higher energy (E) digestibility than the FSE0 and LED diets, respectively (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the FSE0.2 diet increased serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and reduced total cholesterol (TC) concentration than the FSE0 diet (P < 0.05). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) gas emission in FSE0.2 diet were lower than that in FSE0 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results indicated that dietary supplementation of FSE improved growth performance, digestibility, serum IgG, reduced serum TC, and noxious gas emission in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - M. Begum
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - I.H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
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6
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Wands AM, Cervin J, Huang H, Zhang Y, Youn G, Brautigam CA, Matson Dzebo M, Björklund P, Wallenius V, Bright DK, Bennett CS, Wittung-Stafshede P, Sampson NS, Yrlid U, Kohler JJ. Fucosylated Molecules Competitively Interfere with Cholera Toxin Binding to Host Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:758-770. [PMID: 29411974 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) enters host intestinal epithelia cells, and its retrograde transport to the cytosol results in the massive loss of fluids and electrolytes associated with severe dehydration. To initiate this intoxication process, the B subunit of CT (CTB) first binds to a cell surface receptor displayed on the apical surface of the intestinal epithelia. While the monosialoganglioside GM1 is widely accepted to be the sole receptor for CT, intestinal epithelial cell lines also utilize fucosylated glycan epitopes on glycoproteins to facilitate cell surface binding and endocytic uptake of the toxin. Further, l-fucose can competively inhibit CTB binding to intestinal epithelia cells. Here, we use competition binding assays with l-fucose analogs to decipher the molecular determinants for l-fucose inhibition of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) binding. Additionally, we find that mono- and difucosylated oligosaccharides are more potent inhibitors than l-fucose alone, with the LeY tetrasaccharide emerging as the most potent inhibitor of CTB binding to two colonic epithelial cell lines (T84 and Colo205). Finally, a non-natural fucose-containing polymer inhibits CTB binding two orders of magnitude more potently than the LeY glycan when tested against Colo205 cells. This same polymer also inhibits CTB binding to T84 cells and primary human jejunal epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest the possibility that polymeric display of fucose might be exploited as a prophylactic or therapeutic approach to block the action of CT toward the human intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Cervin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - He Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Toll Road, Stony Brook, New York 11790-3400, United States
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Toll Road, Stony Brook, New York 11790-3400, United States
| | - Gyusaang Youn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Toll Road, Stony Brook, New York 11790-3400, United States
| | | | - Maria Matson Dzebo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Björklund
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danielle K. Bright
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicole S. Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Toll Road, Stony Brook, New York 11790-3400, United States
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cervin J, Wands AM, Casselbrant A, Wu H, Krishnamurthy S, Cvjetkovic A, Estelius J, Dedic B, Sethi A, Wallom KL, Riise R, Bäckström M, Wallenius V, Platt FM, Lebens M, Teneberg S, Fändriks L, Kohler JJ, Yrlid U. GM1 ganglioside-independent intoxication by Cholera toxin. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006862. [PMID: 29432456 PMCID: PMC5825173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors via its B subunit (CTB). We have recently shown that in addition to the previously described binding partner ganglioside GM1, CTB binds to fucosylated proteins. Using flow cytometric analysis of primary human jejunal epithelial cells and granulocytes, we now show that CTB binding correlates with expression of the fucosylated Lewis X (LeX) glycan. This binding is competitively blocked by fucosylated oligosaccharides and fucose-binding lectins. CTB binds the LeX glycan in vitro when this moiety is linked to proteins but not to ceramides, and this binding can be blocked by mAb to LeX. Inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis or sialylation in GM1-deficient C6 rat glioma cells results in sensitization to CT-mediated intoxication. Finally, CT gavage produces an intact diarrheal response in knockout mice lacking GM1 even after additional reduction of glycosphingolipids. Hence our results show that CT can induce toxicity in the absence of GM1 and support a role for host glycoproteins in CT intoxication. These findings open up new avenues for therapies to block CT action and for design of detoxified enterotoxin-based adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Cervin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amberlyn M. Wands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Anna Casselbrant
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Soumya Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Aleksander Cvjetkovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Estelius
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Dedic
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anirudh Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Kerri-Lee Wallom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Riise
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Bäckström
- Mammalian Protein Expression Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lebens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer J. Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Engineering a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase for the stereoselective production of (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine with three asymmetric centers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13703. [PMID: 29057974 PMCID: PMC5651801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek is a dietary supplement for anti-aging and human health. (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL), which is extracted from fenugreek seeds, is expected to be a promising orally active drug for diabetes and diabetic nephropathy because of its insulinotropic effect. Although several chemical synthesis methods of 4-HIL have been proposed, these methods require multistep reactions to control the stereochemistry of 4-HIL. In this study, we modified the key enzyme 4-HIL dehydrogenase (HILDH) to overcome the biggest limitation in commercial-scale production of 4-HIL. As a result, an effective one-step carbonyl reduction to produce (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL was successfully accomplished with strict stereoselectivity (>99% de). Mass production of (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL by our synthetic method could have a significant contribution to the prevention of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and Alzheimer's disease. (120 words/200 words).
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Leódido ACM, Costa LE, Araújo TS, Costa DS, Sousa NA, Souza LK, Sousa FB, Filho MD, Vasconcelos DF, Silva FR, Nogueira KM, Araújo AR, Barros FCN, Freitas ALP, Medeiros JVR. Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hossain MM, Begum M, Nyachoti CM, Hancock JD, Kim IH. Dietary fenugreek seed extract improves performance and reduces fecal E. coli counts and fecal gas emission in lactating sows and suckling piglets. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hossain, M. M., Begum, M., Nyachoti, C. M., Hancock, J. D. and Kim, I. H. 2015. Dietary fenugreek seed extract improves performance and reduces fecal E. coli counts and fecal gas emission in lactating sows and suckling piglets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 561–568. This study evaluated the efficacy of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) in sows and suckling piglets. The trial was conducted with 78 multiparous sows and their litters in a 28-d feeding trial, and one of three diets: CON (control, basal diet); FSE1 (basal diet+0.1% FSE), and FSE2 (basal diet+0.2% FSE). Piglets suckling sows fed the FSE1 and FSE2 diets had higher average daily gain compared with those suckling sows fed the CON from week 2 to weaning (linear, P<0.05). At weaning, sows fed the FSE1 and FSE2 diets had higher immunoglobulin G and lower low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol concentrations compared with those fed the CON diet (linear, P<0.05). Sows fed the FSE2 diet linearly reduced total cholesterol concentrations at weaning (P<0.05). Piglets suckling sows fed the FSE2 diet had higher immunoglobulin G and red blood cell concentrations compared with those suckling sows fed the CON diet (linear, P<0.05). Sows fed the FSE2 diet had higher apparent total tract digestibility of N and gross energy and reduced fecal E. coli counts and ammonia gas emission compared with those fed the CON diet at weaning (linear, P<0.05). In conclusion, results indicate that feeding sows a diet supplemented with FSE in late gestation and lactation improved performance in sows and suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - M. Begum
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - C. M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - J. D. Hancock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - I. H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea
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11
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Dubreuil JD. Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activities of plant products against enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2009-41. [PMID: 24212181 PMCID: PMC3847712 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) produces two types of enterotoxins: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa and STb). These molecules are involved in the induction of secretory diarrhea in animals including humans. This condition is currently treated using a fluid replacement therapy and antibiotics. This treatment is often not available to people in developing countries, and several die from the condition provoke by ETEC. Over the years, plants and plant extracts have been use as traditional medicine to treat various gastrointestinal ailments including diarrhea. Many of these plant products have been claimed to be active against diarrhea, however few have been extensively studied. The main objective of this review was to gather the scattered information on the antidiarrheal activities reported for various plant products on ETEC. This includes two major effects: (1) The inhibitory effect on bacterial growth or viability and (2) The interference with ETEC enterotoxins activity upon the intestinal epithelium. We will focus on plant products and extracts for which we have major indications of their biological activity against ETEC and their enterotoxins. Because Vibrio cholerae toxin (CT) is structurally, antigenically and mechanistically related to LT, it will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Dubreuil
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Verhelst R, Schroyen M, Buys N, Niewold T. Selection ofEscherichia coliHeat-Labile Toxin (LT) Inhibitors Using Both the GM1-ELISA and the cAMP Vero Cell Assay. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:603-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Livestock Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Nadine Buys
- Livestock Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Theo Niewold
- Nutrition and Health Unit, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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Friedman M, Rasooly R. Review of the inhibition of biological activities of food-related selected toxins by natural compounds. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:743-75. [PMID: 23612750 PMCID: PMC3705290 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to develop food-compatible conditions to alter the structures of fungal, bacterial, and plant toxins, thus transforming toxins to nontoxic molecules. The term 'chemical genetics' has been used to describe this approach. This overview attempts to survey and consolidate the widely scattered literature on the inhibition by natural compounds and plant extracts of the biological (toxicological) activity of the following food-related toxins: aflatoxin B1, fumonisins, and ochratoxin A produced by fungi; cholera toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae bacteria; Shiga toxins produced by E. coli bacteria; staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; ricin produced by seeds of the castor plant Ricinus communis; and the glycoalkaloid α-chaconine synthesized in potato tubers and leaves. The reduction of biological activity has been achieved by one or more of the following approaches: inhibition of the release of the toxin into the environment, especially food; an alteration of the structural integrity of the toxin molecules; changes in the optimum microenvironment, especially pH, for toxin activity; and protection against adverse effects of the toxins in cells, animals, and humans (chemoprevention). The results show that food-compatible and safe compounds with anti-toxin properties can be used to reduce the toxic potential of these toxins. Practical applications and research needs are suggested that may further facilitate reducing the toxic burden of the diet. Researchers are challenged to (a) apply the available methods without adversely affecting the nutritional quality, safety, and sensory attributes of animal feed and human food and (b) educate food producers and processors and the public about available approaches to mitigating the undesirable effects of natural toxins that may present in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Reuven Rasooly
- Foodborne Contaminants Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA; E-Mail:
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Becker PM, van der Meulen J, Jansman AJM, van Wikselaar PG. In vitro inhibition of ETEC K88 adhesion by pea hulls and of LT enterotoxin binding by faba bean hulls. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 96:1121-6. [PMID: 21929729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing K88 (F4) adhesins are associated with post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Different grain fractions from pea (Pisum sativum) and faba bean (Vicia faba) were tested in vitro for their capacity to counteract aetiological factors, which contribute to the development of diarrhoea. In detail, adhesion of E. coli O149:K91:K88ac (ETEC K88ac) to grain legume products, intended to impair the colonization of the host, was studied as well as interference with receptor binding of the pathogen's heat-labile enterotoxin LT, intended to reduce toxin-inflicted gut cell damage. When comparing different pea and faba bean products tested for their binding capacity of ETEC K88ac, especially pea hulls, but also whole pea meal, starch-enriched and protein-enriched pea meal, and digestion-resistant pea hull and meal fractions showed a higher binding of ETEC K88ac than faba bean products. In contrast to the ETEC K88ac adhesion results, bean hulls proved more effective than pea hulls in preventing GM1 receptor binding of LT. Previous small intestinal segment perfusion experiments we performed with ETEC K88ac-challenged piglets indicated that both pea and bean hulls have the potential for successful application in diarrhoea prophylaxis and treatment, which is in agreement with and refined by our detection of their different modes of functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Becker
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Fenugreek seed affects intestinal microbiota and immunological variables in piglets after weaning. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:859-66. [PMID: 22874597 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200219x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek seed has been shown to affect the intestinal microbiota and immunological responses in animals. A feeding trial with male castrated piglets was performed over 28 d without or with the addition of 1·5 g fenugreek seeds/kg complete diet in ten and eleven piglets, weaned at 21 d. In the intestinal tract, pH, lactate and SCFA were measured as major bacterial metabolites. Immune cell phenotypes, phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin M were measured by flow cytometry. Health status and performance of the piglets were not affected by fenugreek. The pH in the caecum and colon were reduced compared with the control (P< 0·05). Higher concentrations of l-lactic acid were recorded in the small-intestinal digesta (average concentrations from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum; P< 0·05), while the concentrations of SCFA remained unchanged except an increase in n-butyric acid in colon contents (P< 0·05). The piglets fed the fenugreek diet had higher Lactobacillus and clostridium cluster I concentrations and lower Escherichia, Hafnia and Shigella concentrations in the small intestine. The addition of fenugreek increased the relative concentration of the γδ T-cell population (TCR1+CD8α-) in the blood with a simultaneous reduction of antigen-presenting cells (MHCII+CD5-) (P< 0·05). Proliferation rate and phagocytosis activity of monocytes were not affected by the additive. In conclusion, fenugreek seeds might be interesting as a feed ingredient for young piglets due to their effects on the intestinal microbiota and immunological variables. The impact on performance and animal health has to be further evaluated.
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