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Villabruna N, Izquierdo-Lara RW, Schapendonk CME, de Bruin E, Chandler F, Thao TTN, Westerhuis BM, van Beek J, Sigfrid L, Giaquinto C, Goossens H, Bielicki JA, Kohns Vasconcelos M, Fraaij PLA, Koopmans MPG, de Graaf M. Profiling of humoral immune responses to norovirus in children across Europe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14275. [PMID: 35995986 PMCID: PMC9395339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis. More than 30 genotypes circulate in humans, some are common, and others are only sporadically detected. Here, we investigated whether serology can be used to determine which genotypes infect children. We established a multiplex protein microarray with structural and non-structural norovirus antigens that allowed simultaneous antibody testing against 30 human GI and GII genotypes. Antibody responses of sera obtained from 287 children aged < 1 month to 5.5 years were profiled. Most specific IgG and IgA responses were directed against the GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, and GII.6 capsid genotypes. While we detected antibody responses against rare genotypes, we found no evidence for wide circulation. We also detected genotype-specific antibodies against the non-structural proteins p48 and p22 in sera of older children. In this study, we show the age-dependent antibody responses to a broad range of norovirus capsid and polymerase genotypes, which will aid in the development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Villabruna
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ray W Izquierdo-Lara
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felicity Chandler
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tran Thi Nhu Thao
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda M Westerhuis
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janko van Beek
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Sigfrid
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julia A Bielicki
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Malte Kohns Vasconcelos
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Wei N, Ge J, Tan C, Song Y, Wang S, Bao M, Li J. Epidemiology and evolution of Norovirus in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4553-4566. [PMID: 34495811 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1961465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) has been recognized as a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. This review estimates the prevalence and genotype distribution of NoV in China to provide a sound reference for vaccine development. Studies were searched up to October 2020 from CNKI database and inclusion criteria were study duration of at least one calendar year and population size of >100. The mean overall NoV prevalence in individuals with sporadic diarrhea/gastroenteritis was 16.68% (20796/124649, 95% CI 16.63-16.72), and the detection rate of NoV was the highest among children. Non-GII.4 strains have replaced GII.4 as the predominant caused multiple outbreaks since 2014. Especially the recombinant GII.P16-GII.2 increased sharply, and virologic data show that the polymerase GII.P16 rather than VP1 triggers pandemic. Due to genetic diversity and rapid evolution, predominant genotypes might change unexpectedly, which has become major obstacle for the development of effective NoV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Vaccine R&D, Grand Theravac Life Science (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Vaccine R&D, Grand Theravac Life Science (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyao Tan
- Vaccine R&D, Grand Theravac Life Science (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlong Song
- Vaccine R&D, Grand Theravac Life Science (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Vaccine R&D, Grand Theravac Life Science (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Bao
- Vaccine R&D, Grand Theravac Life Science (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Vaccine R&D, Grand Theravac Life Science (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
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3
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Pattekar A, Mayer LS, Lau CW, Liu C, Palko O, Bewtra M, Consortium HPAP, Lindesmith LC, Brewer-Jensen PD, Baric RS, Betts MR, Naji A, Wherry EJ, Tomov VT. Norovirus-Specific CD8 + T Cell Responses in Human Blood and Tissues. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1267-1289. [PMID: 33444817 PMCID: PMC8010716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, an asymptomatic carrier state can persist following acute infection, promoting NoV spread and evolution. Thus, defining immune correlates of NoV protection and persistence is needed to guide the development of future vaccines and limit viral spread. Whereas antibody responses following NoV infection or vaccination have been studied extensively, cellular immunity has received less attention. Data from the mouse NoV model suggest that T cells are critical for preventing persistence and achieving viral clearance, but little is known about NoV-specific T-cell immunity in humans, particularly at mucosal sites. METHODS We screened peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 3 volunteers with an overlapping NoV peptide library. We then used HLA-peptide tetramers to track virus-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral, lymphoid, and intestinal tissues. Tetramer+ cells were further characterized using markers for cellular trafficking, exhaustion, cytotoxicity, and proliferation. RESULTS We defined 7 HLA-restricted immunodominant class I epitopes that were highly conserved across pandemic strains from genogroup II.4. NoV-specific CD8+ T cells with central, effector, or tissue-resident memory phenotypes were present at all sites and were especially abundant in the intestinal lamina propria. The properties and differentiation states of tetramer+ cells varied across donors and epitopes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are an important step toward defining the breadth, distribution, and properties of human NoV T-cell immunity. Moreover, the molecular tools we have developed can be used to evaluate future vaccines and engineer novel cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Pattekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lena S. Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine II: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Olesya Palko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Meenakshi Bewtra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lisa C. Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul D. Brewer-Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vesselin T. Tomov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Vesselin Tomov, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRB 313, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. fax: (215) 349-5915.
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4
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Kim HJ, Son HS, Lee SW, Yoon Y, Hyeon JY, Chung GT, Lee JW, Yoo JS. Efficient expression of enterovirus 71 based on virus-like particles vaccine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210477. [PMID: 30845175 PMCID: PMC6405078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) 71 is the main pathogen associated with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and can lead to the disease with severe mortality in children. Since 2009, in the Republic of Korea, an outbreak of EV71 C4a infection with neurologic involvement emerged, where in HFMD involvement was identified and central nervous system complications were reported. In this study, EV71 C4a virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by recombinant technology were generated in a baculovirus expression system. To improve the production yield, EV71 VLP was constructed using the dual promoter system baculovirus P1 and 3CD (baculo-P1-3CD), which harbored both the structural protein-encoding P1 region under the control of the polyhedron promoter and the 3CD protease gene under the regulation of the CMV-IE, lef3, gp41, or chitinase promoters to augment the level of gene transcription. Efficient VLP expression was demonstrated through optimization of incubation time and insect cell type. In addition, to evaluate the potential of VLP as a vaccine candidate, we tested the neutralizing antibodies and total anti-EV71 IgG from the purified EV71 C4a VLP serum. The recombinant EV71 VLP exhibited the morphology of self-assembled VLP, as determined by electron microscopy. Use of baculo-P1-3CD-gp41 led to a high yield (11.3mg/L < 40kDa) of VLPs in High-FiveTM cells at 3 days post-infection. Furthermore, the potential of VLP as a vaccine was evaluated through the neutralizing ability elicited by the purified EV71 VLP after immunization of BALB/c mice, which was shown to induce potent and long-lasting humoral immune responses as evidenced by the cross-neutralization titer. Our results could be used to expedite the developmental process for vaccines under clinical trials and to ensure manufacturing consistency for licensing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sun Son
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Division of Strategic Planning for Emerging Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Youngsil Yoon
- Division of Viral Disease, Center for Laboratory control of Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Tae Chung
- Division of Strategic Planning for Emerging Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSY); (JWL)
| | - Jung Sik Yoo
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSY); (JWL)
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5
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Mans J. Longitudinal Seroprevalence Study Elucidates High Norovirus Burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:676-678. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Mans
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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6
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Thorne L, Nalwoga A, Mentzer AJ, de Rougemont A, Hosmillo M, Webb E, Nampiija M, Muhwezi A, Carstensen T, Gurdasani D, Hill AV, Sandhu MS, Elliott A, Goodfellow I. The First Norovirus Longitudinal Seroepidemiological Study From Sub-Saharan Africa Reveals High Seroprevalence of Diverse Genotypes Associated With Host Susceptibility Factors. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:716-725. [PMID: 29912471 PMCID: PMC6057498 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a prominent cause of gastroenteritis, yet fundamental questions remain regarding epidemiology, diversity, and immunity in sub-Saharan African children. We investigated HuNoV seroprevalence and genetic and sociodemographic risk factors in Ugandan children. Methods We randomly screened 797 participants of a longitudinal birth cohort (Entebbe, EMaBS) and 378 from a cross-sectional survey (rural Lake Victoria, LaVIISWA), for antibodies against HuNoV genotypes by ELISA. We used linear regression modeling to test for associations between HuNoV antibody levels and sociodemographic factors, and with the human susceptibility rs601338 FUT2 secretor SNP and histo-blood group antigens (A/B/O). Results Of EMaBS participants, 76.6% were seropositive by age 1, rising to 94.5% by age 2 years. Seroprevalence in 1 year olds of the rural LaVIISWA survey was even higher (95%). In the birth cohort, 99% of seropositive 2 year olds had responses to multiple HuNoV genotypes. We identified associations between secretor status and genogroup GII antibody levels (GII.4 P = 3.1 × 10-52), as well as ABO and GI (GI.2 P = 2.1 × 10-12). Conclusions HuNoVs are highly prevalent in Ugandan children, indicating a substantial burden of diarrhea-associated morbidity with recurrent infections. Public health interventions, including vaccination, and increased surveillance are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Thorne
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, UK
| | - Angela Nalwoga
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Alexis de Rougemont
- Centre National de Référence des Virus Entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie-Sérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
- L'Unité Mixte de Recherche Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, France
| | - Myra Hosmillo
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Margaret Nampiija
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Allan Muhwezi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | - Adrian V Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Manj S Sandhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
- School of Public Health, University of Makeni, Sierra Leone
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7
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Abstract
Norovirus is one of the leading causes of viral gastroenteritis worldwide and responsible for substantial morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. To further understanding of the epidemiology and control of norovirus, there has been much recent interest in describing the transmission dynamics of norovirus through mathematical models. In this study, we review the current modelling approaches for norovirus transmission. We examine the data and methods used to estimate these models that vary structurally and parametrically between different epidemiological contexts. Many of the existing studies at population level have focused on the same case notification dataset, whereas models from outbreak settings are highly specific and difficult to generalise. In this review, we explore the consistency in the description of norovirus transmission dynamics and the robustness of parameter estimates between studies. In particular, we find that there is considerable variability in estimates of key parameters such as the basic reproduction number, which may mean that the effort required to control norovirus at the population level may currently be underestimated.
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8
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van Beek J, de Graaf M, Xia M, Jiang X, Vinjé J, Beersma M, de Bruin E, van de Vijver D, Holwerda M, van Houten M, Buisman AM, van Binnendijk R, Osterhaus ADME, van der Klis F, Vennema H, Koopmans MPG. Comparison of norovirus genogroup I, II and IV seroprevalence among children in the Netherlands, 1963, 1983 and 2006. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2255-2264. [PMID: 27365054 PMCID: PMC5042128 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and are a genetically diverse group of viruses. Since 2002, an increasing number of norovirus outbreaks have been reported globally, but it is not clear whether this increase has been caused by a higher awareness or reflects the emergence of new genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) variants. The hypothesis that norovirus prevalence has increased post-2002 and is related to the emergence of GII.4 is tested in this study. Sera collected from children aged <5 years of three Dutch cross-sectional population based cohorts in 1963, 1983 and 2006/2007 (n=143, n=130 and n=376, respectively) were tested for specific serum IgG by protein array using antigens to GII.4 and a range of other antigens representing norovirus GI, GII and GIV genotypes. The protein array was validated by paired sera of norovirus infected patients and supernatants of B-cell cultures with single epitope specificity. Evidence for norovirus infection was found to be common among Dutch children in each cohort, but the prevalence towards different genotypes changed over time. At the genogroup level, GI seroprevalence decreased significantly between 1963 and 2006/2007, while a significant increase of GII and, in particular, specific antibodies of the genotype GII.4 was detected in the 2006/2007 cohort. There were no children with only GII.4 antibodies in the 1963 cohort. This study shows that the high GII.4 norovirus incidence in very young children is a recent phenomenon. These findings are of importance for vaccine development and trials that are currently focusing mostly on GII.4 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko van Beek
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Xia
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mathias Beersma
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - David van de Vijver
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melle Holwerda
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies van Houten
- Pediatric Department, Spaarne Hospital Hoofddorp, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona van der Klis
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Vennema
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Melhem NM. Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1653-69. [PMID: 26836766 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1125054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI- GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Melhem
- a Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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10
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Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Ceci C, Di Felice E, Green KY, Bok K, De Grazia S, Giammanco GM, Massirio I, Lorusso E, Buonavoglia C, Marsilio F, Martella V. Seroprevalence of norovirus genogroup IV antibodies among humans, Italy, 2010-2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1828-32. [PMID: 25340375 PMCID: PMC4214292 DOI: 10.3201/eid2011.131601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific to genogroup IV identified in human specimens suggest zoonotic exposure. Noroviruses (NoVs) of genogroup IV (GIV) (Alphatron-like) cause infections in humans and in carnivorous animals such as dogs and cats. We screened an age-stratified collection of serum samples from 535 humans in Italy, using virus-like particles of genotypes GIV.1, circulating in humans, and GIV.2, identified in animals, in ELISA, in order to investigate the prevalence of GIV NoV-specific IgG antibodies. Antibodies specific for both genotypes were detected, ranging from a prevalence of 6.6% to 44.8% for GIV.1 and from 6.8% to 15.1% for GIV.2 among different age groups. These data are consistent with a higher prevalence of GIV.1 strains in the human population. Analysis of antibodies against GIV.2 suggests zoonotic transmission of animal NoVs, likely attributable to interaction between humans and domestic pets. This finding, and recent documentation of human transmission of NoVs to dogs, indicate the possibility of an evolutionary relationship between human and animal NoVs.
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11
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Liu X, Liu P, Wang J, Moe C, Hu S, Cheng L, Gu W, Wang X. Seroepidemiology of Norovirus GII.3 and GII.4 Infections in Children with Diarrhea in Xi'an, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:500-5. [PMID: 25789571 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Norovirus (NoV) GII.3 and GII.4 genotypes among children younger than 5 years with acute diarrhea in Xi'an, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 362 serum samples were collected from diarrheal children in the Department of Digestive Diseases of Xi'an Children's Hospital between March 2009 and October 2012. Recombinant capsid proteins of NoV genotypes GII.3 and GII.4 were expressed using the baculovirus expression system. The viruslike particles (VLPs) were examined by electron microscopy and Western blot, and VLPs were used as antigens for serological IgG tests using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence for GII.4 (86.2%) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than for GII.3 (67.9%). The seroprevalence remained in a high and stable level (70.9% for GII.3 and 88.7% for GII.4) in children under 1 year of age, then dropped in the age group 12-17 months (49.3% for GII.3 and 68.1% for GII.4), and finally increased to 77.8% for GII.3 and 96.8% for GII.4 in the group >18 months. The seroprevalence in the age group 12-17 months showed more statistically significant differences than the other age groups for both GII.3 and GII.4 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, seroprevalence of NoV GII.3 and GII.4 was high in young children in Xi'an, China, and the anti-GII.4-positive rates were statistically higher than GII.3 across all the age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- 2 Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jiao Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Christine Moe
- 2 Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Senke Hu
- 3 Lab Center of Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Cheng
- 4 Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Gu
- 5 College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- 6 Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Abstract
Human noroviruses are a major cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide and can chronically infect immunocompromised patients. Efforts to develop effective vaccines and antivirals have been hindered by the uncultivable nature and extreme genetic diversity of human noroviruses. Although they remain a particularly challenging pathogen to study, recent advances in norovirus animal models and in vitro cultivation systems have led to an increased understanding of norovirus molecular biology and replication, pathogenesis, cell tropism, and innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, clinical trials of vaccines consisting of nonreplicating virus-like particles have shown promise. In this review, we summarize these recent advances and discuss controversies in the field, which is rapidly progressing toward generation of antiviral agents and increasingly effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Karst
- College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian G Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Riddle MS. Norovirus diagnostics and serology in travelers' diarrhea-where do we go from here? J Travel Med 2014; 21:1-3. [PMID: 24383647 DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Riddle
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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