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Raina MacIntyre C, Lim S, Gurdasani D, Miranda M, Metcalf D, Quigley A, Hutchinson D, Burr A, Heslop DJ. Early detection of emerging infectious diseases - implications for vaccine development. Vaccine 2024; 42:1826-1830. [PMID: 37271702 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vast quantities of open-source data from news reports, social media and other sources can be harnessed using artificial intelligence and machine learning, and utilised to generate valid early warning signals of emerging epidemics. Early warning signals from open-source data are not a replacement for traditional, validated disease surveillance, but provide a trigger for earlier investigation and diagnostics. This may yield earlier pathogen characterisation and genomic data, which can enable earlier vaccine development or deployment of vaccines. Early warning also provides a more feasible prospect of stamping out epidemics before they spread. There are several of such systems currently, but they are not used widely in public health practice, and only some are publicly available. Routine and widespread use of open-source intelligence, as well as training and capacity building in digital surveillance, will improve pandemic preparedness and early response capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Raina MacIntyre
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; College of Health Solutions and Watts College of Public Service and Community Services, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Samsung Lim
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miguel Miranda
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Metcalf
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley Quigley
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle Hutchinson
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Allan Burr
- The Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Heslop
- The School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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DeGorter MK, Goddard PC, Karakoc E, Kundu S, Yan SM, Nachun D, Abell N, Aguirre M, Carstensen T, Chen Z, Durrant M, Dwaracherla VR, Feng K, Gloudemans MJ, Hunter N, Moorthy MPS, Pomilla C, Rodrigues KB, Smith CJ, Smith KS, Ungar RA, Balliu B, Fellay J, Flicek P, McLaren PJ, Henn B, McCoy RC, Sugden L, Kundaje A, Sandhu MS, Gurdasani D, Montgomery SB. Transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility in multiple African population samples. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.04.564839. [PMID: 37986808 PMCID: PMC10659267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.04.564839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mapping the functional human genome and impact of genetic variants is often limited to European-descendent population samples. To aid in overcoming this limitation, we measured gene expression using RNA sequencing in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 599 individuals from six African populations to identify novel transcripts including those not represented in the hg38 reference genome. We used whole genomes from the 1000 Genomes Project and 164 Maasai individuals to identify 8,881 expression and 6,949 splicing quantitative trait loci (eQTLs/sQTLs), and 2,611 structural variants associated with gene expression (SV-eQTLs). We further profiled chromatin accessibility using ATAC-Seq in a subset of 100 representative individuals, to identity chromatin accessibility quantitative trait loci (caQTLs) and allele-specific chromatin accessibility, and provide predictions for the functional effect of 78.9 million variants on chromatin accessibility. Using this map of eQTLs and caQTLs we fine-mapped GWAS signals for a range of complex diseases. Combined, this work expands global functional genomic data to identify novel transcripts, functional elements and variants, understand population genetic history of molecular quantitative trait loci, and further resolve the genetic basis of multiple human traits and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Page C Goddard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Emre Karakoc
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soumya Kundu
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA
| | | | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nathan Abell
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Matthew Aguirre
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA
| | | | | | - Karen Feng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Naiomi Hunter
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Cristina Pomilla
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kevin S Smith
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Rachel A Ungar
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA and Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Flicek
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J McLaren
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections Division at JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brenna Henn
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis CA and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis CA
| | - Rajiv C McCoy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Lauren Sugden
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dusquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA
| | | | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Australia
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3
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McLaren PJ, Porreca I, Iaconis G, Mok HP, Mukhopadhyay S, Karakoc E, Cristinelli S, Pomilla C, Bartha I, Thorball CW, Tough RH, Angelino P, Kiar CS, Carstensen T, Fatumo S, Porter T, Jarvis I, Skarnes WC, Bassett A, DeGorter MK, Sathya Moorthy MP, Tuff JF, Kim EY, Walter M, Simons LM, Bashirova A, Buchbinder S, Carrington M, Cossarizza A, De Luca A, Goedert JJ, Goldstein DB, Haas DW, Herbeck JT, Johnson EO, Kaleebu P, Kilembe W, Kirk GD, Kootstra NA, Kral AH, Lambotte O, Luo M, Mallal S, Martinez-Picado J, Meyer L, Miro JM, Moodley P, Motala AA, Mullins JI, Nam K, Obel N, Pirie F, Plummer FA, Poli G, Price MA, Rauch A, Theodorou I, Trkola A, Walker BD, Winkler CA, Zagury JF, Montgomery SB, Ciuffi A, Hultquist JF, Wolinsky SM, Dougan G, Lever AML, Gurdasani D, Groom H, Sandhu MS, Fellay J. Author Correction: Africa-specific human genetic variation near CHD1L associates with HIV-1 load. Nature 2023; 621:E42. [PMID: 37670157 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McLaren
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections Division at JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | - Gennaro Iaconis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hoi Ping Mok
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sara Cristinelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - István Bartha
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Thorball
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riley H Tough
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections Division at JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paolo Angelino
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cher S Kiar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Isobel Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Marianne K DeGorter
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohana Prasad Sathya Moorthy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Tuff
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections Division at JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miriam Walter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arman Bashirova
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea De Luca
- University Division of Infectious Diseases, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - James J Goedert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David W Haas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua T Herbeck
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center and Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H Kral
- Community Health Research Division, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Université Paris Saclay, Inserm UMR1184, CEA, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- APHP, Department of Clinical Immunology, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Vaccine and Therapeutics Laboratory, Medical and Scientific Affairs, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Département d'Épidémiologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - José M Miro
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pravi Moodley
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - James I Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kireem Nam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fraser Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Guido Poli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthew A Price
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Theodorou
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and Cancer Innovative Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Ciuffi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven M Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harriet Groom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Omnigen Biodata, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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McLaren PJ, Porreca I, Iaconis G, Mok HP, Mukhopadhyay S, Karakoc E, Cristinelli S, Pomilla C, Bartha I, Thorball CW, Tough RH, Angelino P, Kiar CS, Carstensen T, Fatumo S, Porter T, Jarvis I, Skarnes WC, Bassett A, DeGorter MK, Sathya Moorthy MP, Tuff JF, Kim EY, Walter M, Simons LM, Bashirova A, Buchbinder S, Carrington M, Cossarizza A, De Luca A, Goedert JJ, Goldstein DB, Haas DW, Herbeck JT, Johnson EO, Kaleebu P, Kilembe W, Kirk GD, Kootstra NA, Kral AH, Lambotte O, Luo M, Mallal S, Martinez-Picado J, Meyer L, Miro JM, Moodley P, Motala AA, Mullins JI, Nam K, Obel N, Pirie F, Plummer FA, Poli G, Price MA, Rauch A, Theodorou I, Trkola A, Walker BD, Winkler CA, Zagury JF, Montgomery SB, Ciuffi A, Hultquist JF, Wolinsky SM, Dougan G, Lever AML, Gurdasani D, Groom H, Sandhu MS, Fellay J. Africa-specific human genetic variation near CHD1L associates with HIV-1 load. Nature 2023; 620:1025-1030. [PMID: 37532928 PMCID: PMC10848312 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 remains a global health crisis1, highlighting the need to identify new targets for therapies. Here, given the disproportionate HIV-1 burden and marked human genome diversity in Africa2, we assessed the genetic determinants of control of set-point viral load in 3,879 people of African ancestries living with HIV-1 participating in the international collaboration for the genomics of HIV3. We identify a previously undescribed association signal on chromosome 1 where the peak variant associates with an approximately 0.3 log10-transformed copies per ml lower set-point viral load per minor allele copy and is specific to populations of African descent. The top associated variant is intergenic and lies between a long intergenic non-coding RNA (LINC00624) and the coding gene CHD1L, which encodes a helicase that is involved in DNA repair4. Infection assays in iPS cell-derived macrophages and other immortalized cell lines showed increased HIV-1 replication in CHD1L-knockdown and CHD1L-knockout cells. We provide evidence from population genetic studies that Africa-specific genetic variation near CHD1L associates with HIV replication in vivo. Although experimental studies suggest that CHD1L is able to limit HIV infection in some cell types in vitro, further investigation is required to understand the mechanisms underlying our observations, including any potential indirect effects of CHD1L on HIV spread in vivo that our cell-based assays cannot recapitulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McLaren
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections Division at JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | - Gennaro Iaconis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hoi Ping Mok
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sara Cristinelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - István Bartha
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Thorball
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riley H Tough
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections Division at JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paolo Angelino
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cher S Kiar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Isobel Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Marianne K DeGorter
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohana Prasad Sathya Moorthy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Tuff
- Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections Division at JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miriam Walter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arman Bashirova
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea De Luca
- University Division of Infectious Diseases, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - James J Goedert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David W Haas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua T Herbeck
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center and Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H Kral
- Community Health Research Division, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Université Paris Saclay, Inserm UMR1184, CEA, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- APHP, Department of Clinical Immunology, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Vaccine and Therapeutics Laboratory, Medical and Scientific Affairs, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Département d'Épidémiologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - José M Miro
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pravi Moodley
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - James I Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kireem Nam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fraser Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Guido Poli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthew A Price
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Theodorou
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and Cancer Innovative Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Ciuffi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven M Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harriet Groom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Omnigen Biodata, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Wilde H, Tomlinson C, Mateen BA, Selby D, Kanthimathinathan HK, Ramnarayan P, Du Pre P, Johnson M, Pathan N, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Lai AG, Gurdasani D, Pagel C, Denaxas S, Vollmer S, Brown K. Hospital admissions linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents: cohort study of 3.2 million first ascertained infections in England. BMJ 2023; 382:e073639. [PMID: 37407076 PMCID: PMC10318942 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-073639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe hospital admissions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents. DESIGN Cohort study of 3.2 million first ascertained SARS-CoV-2 infections using electronic health care record data. SETTING England, July 2020 to February 2022. PARTICIPANTS About 12 million children and adolescents (age <18 years) who were resident in England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ascertainment of a first SARS-CoV-2 associated hospital admissions: due to SARS-CoV-2, with SARS-CoV-2 as a contributory factor, incidental to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and hospital acquired SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS 3 226 535 children and adolescents had a recorded first SARS-CoV-2 infection during the observation period, and 29 230 (0.9%) infections involved a SARS-CoV-2 associated hospital admission. The median length of stay was 2 (interquartile range 1-4) days) and 1710 of 29 230 (5.9%) SARS-CoV-2 associated admissions involved paediatric critical care. 70 deaths occurred in which covid-19 or paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome was listed as a cause, of which 55 (78.6%) were in participants with a SARS-CoV-2 associated hospital admission. SARS-CoV-2 was the cause or a contributory factor in 21 000 of 29 230 (71.8%) participants who were admitted to hospital and only 380 (1.3%) participants acquired infection as an inpatient and 7855 (26.9%) participants were admitted with incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection. Boys, younger children (<5 years), and those from ethnic minority groups or areas of high deprivation were more likely to be admitted to hospital (all P<0.001). The covid-19 vaccination programme in England has identified certain conditions as representing a higher risk of admission to hospital with SARS-CoV-2: 11 085 (37.9%) of participants admitted to hospital had evidence of such a condition, and a further 4765 (16.3%) of participants admitted to hospital had a medical or developmental health condition not included in the vaccination programme's list. CONCLUSIONS Most SARS-CoV-2 associated hospital admissions in children and adolescents in England were due to SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-2 was a contributory factor. These results should inform future public health initiatives and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Wilde
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK
| | - Christopher Tomlinson
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK
- UCL UK Research and Innovation Centre for Doctoral Training in AI-enabled Healthcare Systems, UCL, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
| | - Bilal A Mateen
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
| | - David Selby
- Department for Data Science and its Applications, German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Padmanabhan Ramnarayan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London UK Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pascale Du Pre
- Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Mae Johnson
- Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Nazima Pathan
- University Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alvina G Lai
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Spiros Denaxas
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Vollmer
- Department for Data Science and its Applications, German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katherine Brown
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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6
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MacIntyre CR, Chen X, Kunasekaran M, Quigley A, Lim S, Stone H, Paik HY, Yao L, Heslop D, Wei W, Sarmiento I, Gurdasani D. Artificial intelligence in public health: the potential of epidemic early warning systems. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231159335. [PMID: 36967669 PMCID: PMC10052500 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231159335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate automated early warnings in epidemic surveillance by harnessing vast open-source data with minimal human intervention has the potential to be both revolutionary and highly sustainable. AI can overcome the challenges faced by weak health systems by detecting epidemic signals much earlier than traditional surveillance. AI-based digital surveillance is an adjunct to-not a replacement of-traditional surveillance and can trigger early investigation, diagnostics and responses at the regional level. This narrative review focuses on the role of AI in epidemic surveillance and summarises several current epidemic intelligence systems including ProMED-mail, HealthMap, Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources, BlueDot, Metabiota, the Global Biosurveillance Portal, Epitweetr and EPIWATCH. Not all of these systems are AI-based, and some are only accessible to paid users. Most systems have large volumes of unfiltered data; only a few can sort and filter data to provide users with curated intelligence. However, uptake of these systems by public health authorities, who have been slower to embrace AI than their clinical counterparts, is low. The widespread adoption of digital open-source surveillance and AI technology is needed for the prevention of serious epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandini Raina MacIntyre
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- College of Public Service & Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohana Kunasekaran
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashley Quigley
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samsung Lim
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Haley Stone
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hye-Young Paik
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faulty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lina Yao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faulty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Heslop
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wenzhao Wei
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ines Sarmiento
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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7
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Flaxman S, Whittaker C, Semenova E, Rashid T, Parks RM, Blenkinsop A, Unwin HJT, Mishra S, Bhatt S, Gurdasani D, Ratmann O. Assessment of COVID-19 as the Underlying Cause of Death Among Children and Young People Aged 0 to 19 Years in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2253590. [PMID: 36716029 PMCID: PMC9887489 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance COVID-19 was the underlying cause of death for more than 940 000 individuals in the US, including at least 1289 children and young people (CYP) aged 0 to 19 years, with at least 821 CYP deaths occurring in the 1-year period from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. Because deaths among US CYP are rare, the mortality burden of COVID-19 in CYP is best understood in the context of all other causes of CYP death. Objective To determine whether COVID-19 is a leading (top 10) cause of death in CYP in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This national population-level cross-sectional epidemiological analysis for the years 2019 to 2022 used data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database on underlying cause of death in the US to identify the ranking of COVID-19 relative to other causes of death among individuals aged 0 to 19 years. COVID-19 deaths were considered in 12-month periods between April 1, 2020, and August 31, 2022, compared with deaths from leading non-COVID-19 causes in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Cause of death rankings by total number of deaths, crude rates per 100 000 population, and percentage of all causes of death, using the National Center for Health Statistics 113 Selected Causes of Death, for ages 0 to 19 and by age groupings (<1 year, 1-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years). Results There were 821 COVID-19 deaths among individuals aged 0 to 19 years during the study period, resulting in a crude death rate of 1.0 per 100 000 population overall; 4.3 per 100 000 for those younger than 1 year; 0.6 per 100 000 for those aged 1 to 4 years; 0.4 per 100 000 for those aged 5 to 9 years; 0.5 per 100 000 for those aged 10 to 14 years; and 1.8 per 100 000 for those aged 15 to 19 years. COVID-19 mortality in the time period of August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022, was among the 10 leading causes of death in CYP aged 0 to 19 years in the US, ranking eighth among all causes of deaths, fifth in disease-related causes of deaths (excluding unintentional injuries, assault, and suicide), and first in deaths caused by infectious or respiratory diseases when compared with 2019. COVID-19 deaths constituted 2% of all causes of death in this age group. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that COVID-19 was a leading cause of death in CYP. It caused substantially more deaths in CYP annually than any vaccine-preventable disease historically in the recent period before vaccines became available. Various factors, including underreporting and not accounting for COVID-19's role as a contributing cause of death from other diseases, mean that these estimates may understate the true mortality burden of COVID-19. The findings of this study underscore the public health relevance of COVID-19 to CYP. In the likely future context of sustained SARS-CoV-2 circulation, appropriate pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions (eg, vaccines, ventilation, air cleaning) will continue to play an important role in limiting transmission of the virus and mitigating severe disease in CYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Flaxman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizaveta Semenova
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Rashid
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robbie M. Parks
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - H. Juliette T. Unwin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Swapnil Mishra
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samir Bhatt
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Oliver Ratmann
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Department of Social and Political Science, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Deepti Gurdasani
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London
| | | | - Mohammed Abba-Aji
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Stuckler
- Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Department of Social and Political Science, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
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9
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Pierce CA, Herold KC, Herold BC, Chou J, Randolph A, Kane B, McFarland S, Gurdasani D, Pagel C, Hotez P, Cobey S, Hensley SE. COVID-19 and children. Science 2022; 377:1144-1149. [PMID: 36074833 PMCID: PMC10324476 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been substantial research on adult COVID-19 and how to treat it. But how do severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections afflict children? The COVID-19 pandemic has yielded many surprises, not least that children generally develop less severe disease than older adults, which is unusual for a respiratory disease. However, some children can develop serious complications from COVID-19, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Long Covid, even after mild or asymptomatic COVID-19. Why this occurs in some and not others is an important question. Moreover, when children do contract COVID-19, understanding their role in transmission, especially in schools and at home, is crucial to ensuring effective mitigation measures. Therefore, in addition to nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as improved ventilation, there is a strong case to vaccinate children so as to reduce possible long-term effects from infection and to decrease transmission. But questions remain about whether vaccination might skew immune responses to variants in the long term. As the experts discuss below, more is being learned about these important issues, but much more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of COVID-19 in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Pierce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kevan C Herold
- Departments of Immunobiology and of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Betsy C Herold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne Randolph
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Binita Kane
- Manchester University Foundation Trust and School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christina Pagel
- Clinical Operational Research Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Gurdasani D, Pagel C, McKee M, Michie S, Greenhalgh T, Yates C, Scally G, Ziauddeen H. Covid-19 in the UK: policy on children and schools. BMJ 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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12
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Ziauddeen N, Gurdasani D, O’Hara ME, Hastie C, Roderick P, Yao G, Alwan NA. Characteristics and impact of Long Covid: Findings from an online survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264331. [PMID: 35259179 PMCID: PMC8903286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long Covid is a public health concern that needs defining, quantifying, and describing. We aimed to explore the initial and ongoing symptoms of Long Covid following SARS-CoV-2 infection and describe its impact on daily life. METHODS We collected self-reported data through an online survey using convenience non-probability sampling. The survey enrolled adults who reported lab-confirmed (PCR or antibody) or suspected COVID-19 who were not hospitalised in the first two weeks of illness. This analysis was restricted to those with self-reported Long Covid. Univariate comparisons between those with and without confirmed COVID-19 infection were carried out and agglomerative hierarchical clustering was used to identify specific symptom clusters, and their demographic and functional correlates. RESULTS We analysed data from 2550 participants with a median duration of illness of 7.6 months (interquartile range (IQR) 7.1-7.9). 26.5% reported lab-confirmation of infection. The mean age was 46.5 years (standard deviation 11 years) with 82.8% females and 79.9% of participants based in the UK. 89.5% described their health as good, very good or excellent before COVID-19. The most common initial symptoms that persisted were exhaustion, chest pressure/tightness, shortness of breath and headache. Cognitive dysfunction and palpitations became more prevalent later in the illness. Most participants described fluctuating (57.7%) or relapsing symptoms (17.6%). Physical activity, stress, and sleep disturbance commonly triggered symptoms. A third (32%) reported they were unable to live alone without any assistance at six weeks from start of illness. 16.9% reported being unable to work solely due to COVID-19 illness. 37.0% reported loss of income due to illness, and 64.4% said they were unable to perform usual activities/duties. Acute systems clustered broadly into two groups: a majority cluster (n = 2235, 88%) with cardiopulmonary predominant symptoms, and a minority cluster (n = 305, 12%) with multisystem symptoms. Similarly, ongoing symptoms broadly clustered in two groups; a majority cluster (n = 2243, 88.8%) exhibiting mainly cardiopulmonary, cognitive symptoms and exhaustion, and a minority cluster (n = 283, 11.2%) exhibiting more multisystem symptoms. Belonging to the more severe multisystem cluster was associated with more severe functional impact, lower income, younger age, being female, worse baseline health, and inadequate rest in the first two weeks of the illness, with no major differences in the cluster patterns when restricting analysis to the lab-confirmed subgroup. CONCLUSION This is an exploratory survey of Long Covid characteristics. Whilst this is a non-representative population sample, it highlights the heterogeneity of persistent symptoms, and the significant functional impact of prolonged illness following confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. To study prevalence, predictors and prognosis, research is needed in a representative population sample using standardised case definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Ziauddeen
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret E. O’Hara
- Patient contributor, Long Covid Support: www.longcovid.org, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hastie
- Patient contributor, Long Covid Support: www.longcovid.org, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Roderick
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Guiqing Yao
- Department of Health Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nisreen A. Alwan
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
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13
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Magavern EF, Gurdasani D, Ng FL, Lee SSJ. Health equality, race and pharmacogenomics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:27-33. [PMID: 34251046 PMCID: PMC8752640 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is increasingly moving into mainstream clinical practice. Careful consideration must be paid to inclusion of diverse populations in research, translation and implementation, in the historical and social context of population stratification, to ensure that this leads to improvements in healthcare for all rather than increased health disparities. This review takes a broad and critical approach to the current role of diversity in pharmacogenomics and addresses potential pitfalls in order to raise awareness for prescribers. It also emphasizes evidence gaps and suggests approaches that may minimize negative consequences and promote health equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma F. Magavern
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fu L. Ng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Sandra Soo-Jin Lee
- Division of Ethics, Department Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., USA
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14
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Gurdasani D, Akrami A, Bradley VC, Costello A, Greenhalgh T, Flaxman S, McKee M, Michie S, Pagel C, Rasmussen S, Scally G, Yates C, Ziauddeen H. Long COVID in children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2022; 6:e2. [PMID: 34921807 PMCID: PMC8673872 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anthony Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seth Flaxman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Pagel
- Clinical Operational Research Unit, Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Rasmussen
- Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriel Scally
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical Schoo l, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christian Yates
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christina Pagel
- Clinical Operational Research Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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16
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Gurdasani D, Bhatt S, Costello A, Denaxas S, Flaxman S, Greenhalgh T, Griffin S, Hyde Z, Katzourakis A, McKee M, Michie S, Ratmann O, Reicher S, Scally G, Tomlinson C, Yates C, Ziauddeen H, Pagel C. Vaccinating adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 in England: a risk-benefit analysis. J R Soc Med 2021; 114:513-524. [PMID: 34723680 PMCID: PMC8649477 DOI: 10.1177/01410768211052589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To offer a quantitative risk-benefit analysis of two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among adolescents in England. SETTING England. DESIGN Following the risk-benefit analysis methodology carried out by the US Centers for Disease Control, we calculated historical rates of hospital admission, Intensive Care Unit admission and death for ascertained SARS-CoV-2 cases in children aged 12-17 in England. We then used these rates alongside a range of estimates for incidence of long COVID, vaccine efficacy and vaccine-induced myocarditis, to estimate hospital and Intensive Care Unit admissions, deaths and cases of long COVID over a period of 16 weeks under assumptions of high and low case incidence. PARTICIPANTS All 12-17 year olds with a record of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in England between 1 July 2020 and 31 March 2021 using national linked electronic health records, accessed through the British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hospitalisations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, deaths and cases of long COVID averted by vaccinating all 12-17 year olds in England over a 16-week period under different estimates of future case incidence. RESULTS At high future case incidence of 1000/100,000 population/week over 16 weeks, vaccination could avert 4430 hospital admissions and 36 deaths over 16 weeks. At the low incidence of 50/100,000/week, vaccination could avert 70 hospital admissions and two deaths over 16 weeks. The benefit of vaccination in terms of hospitalisations in adolescents outweighs risks unless case rates are sustainably very low (below 30/100,000 teenagers/week). Benefit of vaccination exists at any case rate for the outcomes of death and long COVID, since neither have been associated with vaccination to date. CONCLUSIONS Given the current (as at 15 September 2021) high case rates (680/100,000 population/week in 10-19 year olds) in England, our findings support vaccination of adolescents against SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoë Hyde
- University of Western Australia,
Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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17
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Bar-Yam Y, Gurdasani D, Baker MG, Scally G, George S, Kvalsvig A, Fhaoláin SN, Chiou ST, Drury J, Duckett S, Ding EL, Gershenson C, Gibson C, Greenhalgh T, Hamdy A, Hyde Z, James T, Jimenez JL, McKee M, Michie S, Pagel C, Philippe C, Prather K, Raina SK, Ricciardi W, Rubin M, Ryan T, Schneider MF, Staines A, West R, Ziauddeen H. The World Health Network: a global citizens' initiative. Lancet 2021; 398:1567-1568. [PMID: 34755625 PMCID: PMC8553262 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaneer Bar-Yam
- New England Complex Systems Institute, Boston, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael G Baker
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gabriel Scally
- Department of Public Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Amanda Kvalsvig
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Shu-Ti Chiou
- Health and Sustainable Development Foundation, Yilan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Stephen Duckett
- Health and Aged Care program, Grattan Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric L Ding
- New England Complex Systems Institute, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Federation of American Scientists, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlos Gershenson
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas and Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christine Gibson
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Zoë Hyde
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Pagel
- Clinical Operational Research Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kim Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sunil K Raina
- Community Medicine, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tomás Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert West
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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19
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Desforges M, Gurdasani D, Hamdy A, Leonardi AJ. Uncertainty around the Long-Term Implications of COVID-19. Pathogens 2021; 10:1267. [PMID: 34684216 PMCID: PMC8536991 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 231 million people globally, with more than 4.7 million deaths recorded by the World Health Organization as of 26 September 2021. In response to the pandemic, some countries (New Zealand, Vietnam, Taiwan, South Korea and others) have pursued suppression strategies, so-called Zero COVID policies, to drive and maintain infection rates as close to zero as possible and respond aggressively to new cases. In comparison, European countries and North America have adopted mitigation strategies (of varying intensity and effectiveness) that aim primarily to prevent health systems from being overwhelmed. With recent advances in our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and its biology, and the increasing recognition there is more to COVID-19 beyond the acute infection, we offer a perspective on some of the long-term risks of mutational escape, viral persistence, reinfection, immune dysregulation and neurological and multi-system complications (Long COVID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Desforges
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine and Faculté de Médecine, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Adam Hamdy
- Panres Pandemic Research, Newport TF10 8PG, UK;
| | - Anthony J. Leonardi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the potential impacts of successive lockdown-easing measures in England, at a point in the COVID-19 pandemic when community transmission levels were relatively high. DESIGN We developed a Bayesian model to infer incident cases and reproduction number (R) in England, from incident death data. We then used this to forecast excess cases and deaths in multiple plausible scenarios in which R increases at one or more time points. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS Publicly available national incident death data for COVID-19 were examined. PRIMARY OUTCOME Excess cumulative cases and deaths forecast at 90 days, in simulated scenarios of plausible increases in R after successive easing of lockdown in England, compared with a baseline scenario where R remained constant. RESULTS Our model inferred an R of 0.75 on 13 May when England first started easing lockdown. In the most conservative scenario modelled where R increased to 0.80 as lockdown was eased further on 1 June and then remained constant, the model predicted an excess 257 (95% CI 108 to 492) deaths and 26 447 (95% CI 11 105 to 50 549) cumulative cases over 90 days. In the scenario with maximal increases in R (but staying ≤1), the model predicts 3174 (95% CI 1334 to 6060) excess cumulative deaths and 421 310 (95% CI 177 012 to 804 811) cases. Observed data from the forecasting period aligned most closely to the scenario in which R increased to 0.85 on 1 June, and 0.9 on 4 July. CONCLUSIONS When levels of transmission are high, even small changes in R with easing of lockdown can have significant impacts on expected cases and deaths, even if R remains ≤1. This will have a major impact on population health, tracing systems and healthcare services in England. Following an elimination strategy rather than one of maintenance of R ≤1 would substantially mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic within England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Ziauddeen
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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21
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Gurdasani D, Drury J, Greenhalgh T, Griffin S, Haque Z, Hyde Z, Katzourakis A, McKee M, Michie S, Pagel C, Reicher S, Roberts A, West R, Yates C, Ziauddeen H. Mass infection is not an option: we must do more to protect our young. Lancet 2021; 398:297-298. [PMID: 34245669 PMCID: PMC8262842 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - Zoë Hyde
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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22
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Alaa AM, Gurdasani D, Harris AL, Rashbass J, van der Schaar M. Machine learning to guide the use of adjuvant therapies for breast cancer. NAT MACH INTELL 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-021-00353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Gurdasani D, Alwan NA, Greenhalgh T, Hyde Z, Johnson L, McKee M, Michie S, Prather KA, Rasmussen SD, Reicher S, Roderick P, Ziauddeen H. School reopening without robust COVID-19 mitigation risks accelerating the pandemic. Lancet 2021; 397:1177-1178. [PMID: 33713595 PMCID: PMC9755467 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Nisreen A Alwan
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoë Hyde
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Luke Johnson
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah D Rasmussen
- Department of Mathematics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Paul Roderick
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Yates
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Sridhar
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
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26
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Priesemann V, Brinkmann MM, Ciesek S, Cuschieri S, Czypionka T, Giordano G, Gurdasani D, Hanson C, Hens N, Iftekhar E, Kelly-Irving M, Klimek P, Kretzschmar M, Peichl A, Perc M, Sannino F, Schernhammer E, Schmidt A, Staines A, Szczurek E. Calling for pan-European commitment for rapid and sustained reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Lancet 2021; 397:92-93. [PMID: 33347811 PMCID: PMC7833270 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Priesemann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Melanie M Brinkmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Cuschieri
- Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Thomas Czypionka
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria; London School of Economics, London, UK
| | | | | | - Claudia Hanson
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niel Hens
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emil Iftekhar
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Klimek
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Peichl
- ifo Institute, Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Sannino
- Federico II University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics and Cosmology and Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ewa Szczurek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Burgess RA, Osborne RH, Yongabi KA, Greenhalgh T, Gurdasani D, Kang G, Falade AG, Odone A, Busse R, Martin-Moreno JM, Reicher S, McKee M. The COVID-19 vaccines rush: participatory community engagement matters more than ever. Lancet 2021; 397:8-10. [PMID: 33308484 PMCID: PMC7832461 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard H Osborne
- Centre for Global Health and Equity, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenneth A Yongabi
- AU-ASRIC Afro-centric COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College, Vellore, TN, India
| | - Adegoke G Falade
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhard Busse
- Department of Health Care Management, Technical University Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose M Martin-Moreno
- Department of Preventive Medicine and INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephen Reicher
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, St Andrews University, Fife, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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28
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Gurdasani D, Bear L, Bogaert D, Burgess RA, Busse R, Cacciola R, Charpak Y, Colbourn T, Drury J, Friston K, Gallo V, Goldman LR, Greenhalgh T, Hyde Z, Kuppalli K, Majumder MS, Martin-Moreno JM, McKee M, Michie S, Mossialos E, Nouri A, Pagel C, Pimenta D, Popescu S, Priesemann V, Rasmussen AL, Reicher S, Ricciardi W, Rice K, Silver J, Smith TC, Wenham C, West R, Yamey G, Yates C, Ziauddeen H. The UK needs a sustainable strategy for COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 396:1800-1801. [PMID: 33181080 PMCID: PMC7834725 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Bear
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Cacciola
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Università Di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Yves Charpak
- Fondation Charpak, L'esprit des Sciences, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Gallo
- University of Groningen, Campus Fryslân, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Lynn R Goldman
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Zoë Hyde
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Elias Mossialos
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Ali Nouri
- Federation of American Scientists, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Viola Priesemann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ken Rice
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Clare Wenham
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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29
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Sallah N, Miley W, Labo N, Carstensen T, Gurdasani D, Sandhu M, Kellam P, Hibberd M, Newton R, Whitby D, Barroso I. The contribution of host genetics and environmental variation to immune response in gamma-herpesvirus infections. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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30
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Alwan NA, Burgess RA, Ashworth S, Beale R, Bhadelia N, Bogaert D, Dowd J, Eckerle I, Goldman LR, Greenhalgh T, Gurdasani D, Hamdy A, Hanage WP, Hodcroft EB, Hyde Z, Kellam P, Kelly-Irving M, Krammer F, Lipsitch M, McNally A, McKee M, Nouri A, Pimenta D, Priesemann V, Rutter H, Silver J, Sridhar D, Swanton C, Walensky RP, Yamey G, Ziauddeen H. Scientific consensus on the COVID-19 pandemic: we need to act now. Lancet 2020; 396:e71-e72. [PMID: 33069277 PMCID: PMC7557300 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lynn R Goldman
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoë Hyde
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, US
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; IndieSAGE, London, UK
| | - Ali Nouri
- Federation of American Scientists, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Viola Priesemann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Sallah N, Miley W, Labo N, Carstensen T, Fatumo S, Gurdasani D, Pollard MO, Dilthey AT, Mentzer AJ, Marshall V, Cornejo Castro EM, Pomilla C, Young EH, Asiki G, Hibberd ML, Sandhu M, Kellam P, Newton R, Whitby D, Barroso I. Distinct genetic architectures and environmental factors associate with host response to the γ2-herpesvirus infections. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3849. [PMID: 32737300 PMCID: PMC7395761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establish life-long infections and are associated with malignancies. Striking geographic variation in incidence and the fact that virus alone is insufficient to cause disease, suggests other co-factors are involved. Here we present epidemiological analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 4365 individuals from an African population cohort, to assess the influence of host genetic and non-genetic factors on virus antibody responses. EBV/KSHV co-infection (OR = 5.71(1.58-7.12)), HIV positivity (OR = 2.22(1.32-3.73)) and living in a more rural area (OR = 1.38(1.01-1.89)) are strongly associated with immunogenicity. GWAS reveals associations with KSHV antibody response in the HLA-B/C region (p = 6.64 × 10-09). For EBV, associations are identified for VCA (rs71542439, p = 1.15 × 10-12). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and trans-ancestry fine-mapping substantiate that distinct variants in HLA-DQA1 (p = 5.24 × 10-44) are driving associations for EBNA-1 in Africa. This study highlights complex interactions between KSHV and EBV, in addition to distinct genetic architectures resulting in important differences in pathogenesis and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neneh Sallah
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. .,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Martin O Pollard
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander T Dilthey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vickie Marshall
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena M Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Paul Kellam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Complex, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Newton
- MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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Gurdasani D, Carstensen T, Fatumo S, Chen G, Franklin CS, Prado-Martinez J, Bouman H, Abascal F, Haber M, Tachmazidou I, Mathieson I, Ekoru K, DeGorter MK, Nsubuga RN, Finan C, Wheeler E, Chen L, Cooper DN, Schiffels S, Chen Y, Ritchie GRS, Pollard MO, Fortune MD, Mentzer AJ, Garrison E, Bergström A, Hatzikotoulas K, Adeyemo A, Doumatey A, Elding H, Wain LV, Ehret G, Auer PL, Kooperberg CL, Reiner AP, Franceschini N, Maher D, Montgomery SB, Kadie C, Widmer C, Xue Y, Seeley J, Asiki G, Kamali A, Young EH, Pomilla C, Soranzo N, Zeggini E, Pirie F, Morris AP, Heckerman D, Tyler-Smith C, Motala AA, Rotimi C, Kaleebu P, Barroso I, Sandhu MS. Uganda Genome Resource Enables Insights into Population History and Genomic Discovery in Africa. Cell 2020; 179:984-1002.e36. [PMID: 31675503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies in African populations provide unique opportunities to understand disease etiology, human diversity, and population history. In the largest study of its kind, comprising genome-wide data from 6,400 individuals and whole-genome sequences from 1,978 individuals from rural Uganda, we find evidence of geographically correlated fine-scale population substructure. Historically, the ancestry of modern Ugandans was best represented by a mixture of ancient East African pastoralists. We demonstrate the value of the largest sequence panel from Africa to date as an imputation resource. Examining 34 cardiometabolic traits, we show systematic differences in trait heritability between European and African populations, probably reflecting the differential impact of genes and environment. In a multi-trait pan-African GWAS of up to 14,126 individuals, we identify novel loci associated with anthropometric, hematological, lipid, and glycemic traits. We find that several functionally important signals are driven by Africa-specific variants, highlighting the value of studying diverse populations across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Segun Fatumo
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Uganda Medical Informatics Centre (UMIC), MRC/UVRI and LSHTM (Uganda Research Unit), Entebbe, Uganda; H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Center for Genomics Research and Innovation (CGRI)/National Biotechnology Development Agency CGRI/NABDA, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Haber
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ioanna Tachmazidou
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne K DeGorter
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca N Nsubuga
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Chris Finan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuan Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alex J Mentzer
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayo Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Georg Ehret
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Charles L Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dermot Maher
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yali Xue
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gershim Asiki
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Anatoli Kamali
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fraser Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew P Morris
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Charles Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Uganda Medical Informatics Centre (UMIC), MRC/UVRI and LSHTM (Uganda Research Unit), Entebbe, Uganda; Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Manj S Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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33
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Gurdasani D, Ziauddeen H. On the fallibility of simulation models in informing pandemic responses. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e776-e777. [PMID: 32359419 PMCID: PMC7252143 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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34
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Mathieson I, Abascal F, Vinner L, Skoglund P, Pomilla C, Mitchell P, Arthur C, Gurdasani D, Willerslev E, Sandhu MS, Dewar G. An Ancient Baboon Genome Demonstrates Long-Term Population Continuity in Southern Africa. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:407-412. [PMID: 32022848 PMCID: PMC7197492 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Baboons are one of the most abundant large nonhuman primates and are widely studied in biomedical, behavioral, and anthropological research. Despite this, our knowledge of their evolutionary and demographic history remains incomplete. Here, we report a 0.9-fold coverage genome sequence from a 5800-year-old baboon from the site of Ha Makotoko in Lesotho. The ancient baboon is closely related to present-day Papio ursinus individuals from southern Africa-indicating a high degree of continuity in the southern African baboon population. This level of population continuity is rare in recent human populations but may provide a good model for the evolution of Homo and other large primates over similar timespans in structured populations throughout Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lasse Vinner
- Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Cristina Pomilla
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Omnigen Biodata Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mitchell
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - Charles Arthur
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary’s University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Manj S Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve Dewar
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Muriuki JM, Mentzer AJ, Band G, Gilchrist JJ, Carstensen T, Lule SA, Goheen MM, Joof F, Kimita W, Mogire R, Cutland CL, Diarra A, Rautanen A, Pomilla C, Gurdasani D, Rockett K, Mturi N, Ndungu FM, Scott JAG, Sirima SB, Morovat A, Prentice AM, Madhi SA, Webb EL, Elliott AM, Bejon P, Sandhu MS, Hill AVS, Kwiatkowski DP, Williams TN, Cerami C, Atkinson SH. The ferroportin Q248H mutation protects from anemia, but not malaria or bacteremia. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw0109. [PMID: 31517041 PMCID: PMC6726445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron acquisition is critical for life. Ferroportin (FPN) exports iron from mature erythrocytes, and deletion of the Fpn gene results in hemolytic anemia and increased fatality in malaria-infected mice. The FPN Q248H mutation (glutamine to histidine at position 248) renders FPN partially resistant to hepcidin-induced degradation and was associated with protection from malaria in human studies of limited size. Using data from cohorts including over 18,000 African children, we show that the Q248H mutation is associated with modest protection against anemia, hemolysis, and iron deficiency, but we found little evidence of protection against severe malaria or bacteremia. We additionally observed no excess Plasmodium growth in Q248H erythrocytes ex vivo, nor evidence of selection driven by malaria exposure, suggesting that the Q248H mutation does not protect from malaria and is unlikely to deprive malaria parasites of iron essential for their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Muthii Muriuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Alexander J. Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin Band
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James J. Gilchrist
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Swaib A. Lule
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Morgan M. Goheen
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - Fatou Joof
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Wandia Kimita
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Reagan Mogire
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Clare L. Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amidou Diarra
- Centre de Recherche Action en Sante (GRAS), 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Rautanen
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Kirk Rockett
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neema Mturi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Francis M. Ndungu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - J. Anthony G. Scott
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sodiomon B. Sirima
- Centre de Recherche Action en Sante (GRAS), 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso
| | - Alireza Morovat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Shabir A. Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Emily L. Webb
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alison M. Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Philip Bejon
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine and the Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic P. Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas N. Williams
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Carla Cerami
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Sarah H. Atkinson
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Fatumo S, Carstensen T, Nashiru O, Gurdasani D, Sandhu M, Kaleebu P. Complimentary Methods for Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Identify New Susceptibility Genes for Blood Cell Traits. Front Genet 2019; 10:334. [PMID: 31080455 PMCID: PMC6497788 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found hundreds of novel loci associated with full blood count (FBC) phenotypes. However, most of these studies were performed in a single phenotype framework without putting into consideration the clinical relatedness among traits. In this work, in addition to the standard univariate GWAS, we also use two different multivariate methods to perform the first multiple traits GWAS of FBC traits in ∼7000 individuals from the Ugandan General Population Cohort (GPC). We started by performing the standard univariate GWAS approach. We then performed our first multivariate method, in this approach, we tested for marker associations with 15 FBC traits simultaneously in a multivariate mixed model implemented in GEMMA while accounting for the relatedness of individuals and pedigree structures, as well as population substructure. In this analysis, we provide a framework for the combination of multiple phenotypes in multivariate GWAS analysis and show evidence of multi-collinearity whenever the correlation between traits exceeds the correlation coefficient threshold of r 2 >=0.75. This approach identifies two known and one novel loci. In the second multivariate method, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to the same 15 correlated FBC traits. We then tested for marker associations with each PC in univariate linear mixed models implemented in GEMMA. We show that the FBC composite phenotype as assessed by each PC expresses information that is not completely encapsulated by the individual FBC traits, as this approach identifies three known and five novel loci that were not identified using both the standard univariate and multivariate GWAS methods. Across both multivariate methods, we identified six novel loci. As a proof of concept, both multivariate methods also identified known loci, HBB and ITFG3. The two multivariate methods show that multivariate genotype-phenotype methods increase power and identify novel genotype-phenotype associations not found with the standard univariate GWAS in the same dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun Fatumo
- Uganda Medical Informatics Centre, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom,H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Segun Fatumo, ;
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oyekanmi Nashiru
- H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manjinder Sandhu
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Division of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Uganda Medical Informatics Centre, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
In recent years long-read technologies have moved from being a niche and specialist field to a point of relative maturity likely to feature frequently in the genomic landscape. Analogous to next generation sequencing, the cost of sequencing using long-read technologies has materially dropped whilst the instrument throughput continues to increase. Together these changes present the prospect of sequencing large numbers of individuals with the aim of fully characterizing genomes at high resolution. In this article, we will endeavour to present an introduction to long-read technologies showing: what long reads are; how they are distinct from short reads; why long reads are useful and how they are being used. We will highlight the recent developments in this field, and the applications and potential of these technologies in medical research, and clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O Pollard
- Human Genetics - Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge - Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Human Genetics - Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge - Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Human Genetics - Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Tarryn Porter
- Human Genetics - Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge - Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Human Genetics - Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge - Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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39
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Thorne L, Nalwoga A, Mentzer AJ, de Rougemont A, Hosmillo M, Webb E, Nampiija M, Muhwezi A, Carstensen T, Gurdasani D, Hill AV, Sandhu MS, Elliott A, Goodfellow I. The First Norovirus Longitudinal Seroepidemiological Study From Sub-Saharan Africa Reveals High Seroprevalence of Diverse Genotypes Associated With Host Susceptibility Factors. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:716-725. [PMID: 29912471 PMCID: PMC6057498 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a prominent cause of gastroenteritis, yet fundamental questions remain regarding epidemiology, diversity, and immunity in sub-Saharan African children. We investigated HuNoV seroprevalence and genetic and sociodemographic risk factors in Ugandan children. Methods We randomly screened 797 participants of a longitudinal birth cohort (Entebbe, EMaBS) and 378 from a cross-sectional survey (rural Lake Victoria, LaVIISWA), for antibodies against HuNoV genotypes by ELISA. We used linear regression modeling to test for associations between HuNoV antibody levels and sociodemographic factors, and with the human susceptibility rs601338 FUT2 secretor SNP and histo-blood group antigens (A/B/O). Results Of EMaBS participants, 76.6% were seropositive by age 1, rising to 94.5% by age 2 years. Seroprevalence in 1 year olds of the rural LaVIISWA survey was even higher (95%). In the birth cohort, 99% of seropositive 2 year olds had responses to multiple HuNoV genotypes. We identified associations between secretor status and genogroup GII antibody levels (GII.4 P = 3.1 × 10-52), as well as ABO and GI (GI.2 P = 2.1 × 10-12). Conclusions HuNoVs are highly prevalent in Ugandan children, indicating a substantial burden of diarrhea-associated morbidity with recurrent infections. Public health interventions, including vaccination, and increased surveillance are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Thorne
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, UK
| | - Angela Nalwoga
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Alexis de Rougemont
- Centre National de Référence des Virus Entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie-Sérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
- L'Unité Mixte de Recherche Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, France
| | - Myra Hosmillo
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Margaret Nampiija
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Allan Muhwezi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | - Adrian V Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Manj S Sandhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
- School of Public Health, University of Makeni, Sierra Leone
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Ekoru K, Young EH, Dillon DG, Gurdasani D, Stehouwer N, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Levitt NS, Crowther NJ, Nyirenda M, Njelekela MA, Ramaiya K, Nyan O, Adewole OO, Anastos K, Compostella C, Dave JA, Fourie CM, Friis H, Kruger IM, Longenecker CT, Maher DP, Mutimura E, Ndhlovu CE, Praygod G, Pefura Yone EW, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Range N, Sani MU, Sanusi M, Schutte AE, Sliwa K, Tien PC, Vorster EH, Walsh C, Gareta D, Mashili F, Sobngwi E, Adebamowo C, Kamali A, Seeley J, Smeeth L, Pillay D, Motala AA, Kaleebu P, Sandhu MS. HIV treatment is associated with a two-fold higher probability of raised triglycerides: Pooled Analyses in 21 023 individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2018; 3:e7. [PMID: 29881632 PMCID: PMC5985947 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2018.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimes for HIV are associated with raised levels of circulating triglycerides (TG) in western populations. However, there are limited data on the impact of ART on cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. METHODS Pooled analyses of 14 studies comprising 21 023 individuals, on whom relevant cardiometabolic risk factors (including TG), HIV and ART status were assessed between 2003 and 2014, in SSA. The association between ART and raised TG (>2.3 mmol/L) was analysed using regression models. FINDINGS Among 10 615 individuals, ART was associated with a two-fold higher probability of raised TG (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.51-2.77, I2=45.2%). The associations between ART and raised blood pressure, glucose, HbA1c, and other lipids were inconsistent across studies. INTERPRETATION Evidence from this study confirms the association of ART with raised TG in SSA populations. Given the possible causal effect of raised TG on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the evidence highlights the need for prospective studies to clarify the impact of long term ART on CVD outcomes in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ekoru
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Global Health and Populations Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - E. H. Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Global Health and Populations Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - D. G. Dillon
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - D. Gurdasani
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Global Health and Populations Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - N. Stehouwer
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - D. Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N. S. Levitt
- Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N. J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. Nyirenda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Malawi, Lilongwe
| | - M. A. Njelekela
- Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - K. Ramaiya
- Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - O. Nyan
- Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - O. O. Adewole
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - K. Anastos
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - C. Compostella
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - J. A. Dave
- Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C. M. Fourie
- HART (Hypertension in Africa Research Team), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - H. Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I. M. Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - D. P. Maher
- Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Mutimura
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - C. E. Ndhlovu
- Clinical Epidemiology Resource Training Centre, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - G. Praygod
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
| | | | - M. Pujades-Rodriguez
- Epicentre, Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London, Clinical Epidemiology Group, London, UK
| | - N. Range
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
| | - M. U. Sani
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - M. Sanusi
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - A. E. Schutte
- HART (Hypertension in Africa Research Team), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - K. Sliwa
- Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - P. C. Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - E. H. Vorster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - C. Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - D. Gareta
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - F. Mashili
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
| | - E. Sobngwi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon, Yaoundé
| | - C. Adebamowo
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Human Virology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - A. Kamali
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - J. Seeley
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - L. Smeeth
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - D. Pillay
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A. A. Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - P. Kaleebu
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - M. S. Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Global Health and Populations Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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McLaren PJ, Pulit SL, Gurdasani D, Bartha I, Shea PR, Pomilla C, Gupta N, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Young EH, Bannert N, Del Amo J, Gill MJ, Gilmour J, Kellam P, Kelleher AD, Sönnerborg A, Wolinsky SM, Zangerle R, Post FA, Fisher M, Haas DW, Walker BD, Porter K, Goldstein DB, Sandhu MS, de Bakker PIW, Fellay J. Evaluating the Impact of Functional Genetic Variation on HIV-1 Control. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1063-1069. [PMID: 28968755 PMCID: PMC5853944 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous genetic association studies of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) progression have focused on common human genetic variation ascertained through genome-wide genotyping. Methods We sought to systematically assess the full spectrum of functional variation in protein coding gene regions on HIV-1 progression through exome sequencing of 1327 individuals. Genetic variants were tested individually and in aggregate across genes and gene sets for an influence on HIV-1 viral load. Results Multiple single variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region were observed to be strongly associated with HIV-1 outcome, consistent with the known impact of classical HLA alleles. However, no single variant or gene located outside of the MHC region was significantly associated with HIV progression. Set-based association testing focusing on genes identified as being essential for HIV replication in genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) studies did not reveal any novel associations. Conclusions These results suggest that exonic variants with large effect sizes are unlikely to have a major contribution to host control of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McLaren
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Istvan Bartha
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Shea
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth H Young
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Division of HIV and Other Retroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Del Amo
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M John Gill
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Jill Gilmour
- Human Immunology Laboratory, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kellam
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven M Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Robert Zangerle
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Martin Fisher
- Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - David W Haas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase
| | | | | | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pagani L, Schiffels S, Gurdasani D, Danecek P, Scally A, Chen Y, Xue Y, Haber M, Ekong R, Oljira T, Mekonnen E, Luiselli D, Bradman N, Bekele E, Zalloua P, Durbin R, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C. Tracing the route of modern humans out of Africa by using 225 human genome sequences from Ethiopians and Egyptians. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:986-91. [PMID: 26027499 PMCID: PMC4457944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominantly African origin of all modern human populations is well established, but the route taken out of Africa is still unclear. Two alternative routes, via Egypt and Sinai or across the Bab el Mandeb strait into Arabia, have traditionally been proposed as feasible gateways in light of geographic, paleoclimatic, archaeological, and genetic evidence. Distinguishing among these alternatives has been difficult. We generated 225 whole-genome sequences (225 at 8× depth, of which 8 were increased to 30×; Illumina HiSeq 2000) from six modern Northeast African populations (100 Egyptians and five Ethiopian populations each represented by 25 individuals). West Eurasian components were masked out, and the remaining African haplotypes were compared with a panel of sub-Saharan African and non-African genomes. We showed that masked Northeast African haplotypes overall were more similar to non-African haplotypes and more frequently present outside Africa than were any sets of haplotypes derived from a West African population. Furthermore, the masked Egyptian haplotypes showed these properties more markedly than the masked Ethiopian haplotypes, pointing to Egypt as the more likely gateway in the exodus to the rest of the world. Using five Ethiopian and three Egyptian high-coverage masked genomes and the multiple sequentially Markovian coalescent (MSMC) approach, we estimated the genetic split times of Egyptians and Ethiopians from non-African populations at 55,000 and 65,000 years ago, respectively, whereas that of West Africans was estimated to be 75,000 years ago. Both the haplotype and MSMC analyses thus suggest a predominant northern route out of Africa via Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagani
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Petr Danecek
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Aylwyn Scally
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Yuan Chen
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Marc Haber
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rosemary Ekong
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tamiru Oljira
- University of Addis Ababa and Center of Human Genetic Diversity, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Mekonnen
- University of Addis Ababa and Center of Human Genetic Diversity, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Neil Bradman
- Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, London WC1A 2HN, UK
| | - Endashaw Bekele
- University of Addis Ababa and Center of Human Genetic Diversity, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard Durbin
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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Gurdasani D, Carstensen T, Tekola-Ayele F, Pagani L, Tachmazidou I, Hatzikotoulas K, Karthikeyan S, Iles L, Pollard MO, Choudhury A, Ritchie GRS, Xue Y, Asimit J, Nsubuga RN, Young EH, Pomilla C, Kivinen K, Rockett K, Kamali A, Doumatey AP, Asiki G, Seeley J, Sisay-Joof F, Jallow M, Tollman S, Mekonnen E, Ekong R, Oljira T, Bradman N, Bojang K, Ramsay M, Adeyemo A, Bekele E, Motala A, Norris SA, Pirie F, Kaleebu P, Kwiatkowski D, Tyler-Smith C, Rotimi C, Zeggini E, Sandhu MS. The African Genome Variation Project shapes medical genetics in Africa. Nature 2014; 517:327-32. [PMID: 25470054 PMCID: PMC4297536 DOI: 10.1038/nature13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the importance of Africa to studies of human origins and disease susceptibility, detailed characterization of African genetic diversity is needed. The African Genome Variation Project provides a resource with which to design, implement and interpret genomic studies in sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide. The African Genome Variation Project represents dense genotypes from 1,481 individuals and whole-genome sequences from 320 individuals across sub-Saharan Africa. Using this resource, we find novel evidence of complex, regionally distinct hunter-gatherer and Eurasian admixture across sub-Saharan Africa. We identify new loci under selection, including loci related to malaria susceptibility and hypertension. We show that modern imputation panels (sets of reference genotypes from which unobserved or missing genotypes in study sets can be inferred) can identify association signals at highly differentiated loci across populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Using whole-genome sequencing, we demonstrate further improvements in imputation accuracy, strengthening the case for large-scale sequencing efforts of diverse African haplotypes. Finally, we present an efficient genotype array design capturing common genetic variation in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, MSC 5635, Bethesda, Maryland 20891-5635, USA
| | - Luca Pagani
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ioanna Tachmazidou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Savita Karthikeyan
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Louise Iles
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK [3] Department of Archaeology, University of York, King's Manor, York YO1 7EP, UK
| | - Martin O Pollard
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute of Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), University of the Witwatersrand, The Mount, 9 Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Graham R S Ritchie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Vertebrate Genomics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Yali Xue
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jennifer Asimit
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Rebecca N Nsubuga
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-57 Nakiwogo Road, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Katja Kivinen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kirk Rockett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anatoli Kamali
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-57 Nakiwogo Road, Uganda
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, MSC 5635, Bethesda, Maryland 20891-5635, USA
| | - Gershim Asiki
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-57 Nakiwogo Road, Uganda
| | - Janet Seeley
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-57 Nakiwogo Road, Uganda
| | - Fatoumatta Sisay-Joof
- Medical Research Council Unit, Atlantic Boulevard, SerrekundaPO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Muminatou Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit, Atlantic Boulevard, SerrekundaPO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Stephen Tollman
- 1] Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, School of Public Health, Education Campus, 27 St Andrew's Road, Parktown 2192, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa [2] INDEPTH Network, 38/40 Mensah Wood Street, East Legon, PO Box KD 213, Kanda, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ephrem Mekonnen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Entoto Avenue, Arat Kilo, 16087 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rosemary Ekong
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, University College, London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tamiru Oljira
- University of Haramaya, Department of Biology, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Neil Bradman
- Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, London WC1A 2HN, UK
| | - Kalifa Bojang
- Medical Research Council Unit, Atlantic Boulevard, SerrekundaPO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Michele Ramsay
- 1] Sydney Brenner Institute of Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), University of the Witwatersrand, The Mount, 9 Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa [2] Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, C/O Hospital and de Korte Streets, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa [3] School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, MSC 5635, Bethesda, Maryland 20891-5635, USA
| | - Endashaw Bekele
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arat Kilo Campus, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ayesha Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Congella, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2198, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Fraser Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Congella, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-57 Nakiwogo Road, Uganda
| | - Dominic Kwiatkowski
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Charles Rotimi
- Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, MSC 5635, Bethesda, Maryland 20891-5635, USA
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
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Dillon DG, Gurdasani D, Riha J, Ekoru K, Asiki G, Mayanja BN, Levitt NS, Crowther NJ, Nyirenda M, Njelekela M, Ramaiya K, Nyan O, Adewole OO, Anastos K, Azzoni L, Boom WH, Compostella C, Dave JA, Dawood H, Erikstrup C, Fourie CM, Friis H, Kruger A, Idoko JA, Longenecker CT, Mbondi S, Mukaya JE, Mutimura E, Ndhlovu CE, Praygod G, Pefura Yone EW, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Range N, Sani MU, Schutte AE, Sliwa K, Tien PC, Vorster EH, Walsh C, Zinyama R, Mashili F, Sobngwi E, Adebamowo C, Kamali A, Seeley J, Young EH, Smeeth L, Motala AA, Kaleebu P, Sandhu MS. Association of HIV and ART with cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 42:1754-71. [PMID: 24415610 PMCID: PMC3887568 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest burden of HIV in the world and a rising prevalence of cardiometabolic disease; however, the interrelationship between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cardiometabolic traits is not well described in SSA populations. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis through MEDLINE and EMBASE (up to January 2012), as well as direct author contact. Eligible studies provided summary or individual-level data on one or more of the following traits in HIV+ and HIV-, or ART+ and ART- subgroups in SSA: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Information was synthesized under a random-effects model and the primary outcomes were the standardized mean differences (SMD) of the specified traits between subgroups of participants. Results Data were obtained from 49 published and 3 unpublished studies which reported on 29 755 individuals. HIV infection was associated with higher TGs [SMD, 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08 to 0.44] and lower HDL (SMD, −0.59; 95% CI, −0.86 to −0.31), BMI (SMD, −0.32; 95% CI, −0.45 to −0.18), SBP (SMD, −0.40; 95% CI, −0.55 to −0.25) and DBP (SMD, −0.34; 95% CI, −0.51 to −0.17). Among HIV+ individuals, ART use was associated with higher LDL (SMD, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.72) and HDL (SMD, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.66), and lower HbA1c (SMD, −0.34; 95% CI, −0.62 to −0.06). Fully adjusted estimates from analyses of individual participant data were consistent with meta-analysis of summary estimates for most traits. Conclusions Broadly consistent with results from populations of European descent, these results suggest differences in cardiometabolic traits between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals in SSA, which might be modified by ART use. In a region with the highest burden of HIV, it will be important to clarify these findings to reliably assess the need for monitoring and managing cardiometabolic risk in HIV-infected populations in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Dillon
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Chronic Diseases Initiative in Africa, Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Women's Equity in Access to Care &Treatment, Kigali, Rwanda, HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, HART (Hypertension in Africa Research Team), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teachin
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O'Connell J, Gurdasani D, Delaneau O, Pirastu N, Ulivi S, Cocca M, Traglia M, Huang J, Huffman JE, Rudan I, McQuillan R, Fraser RM, Campbell H, Polasek O, Asiki G, Ekoru K, Hayward C, Wright AF, Vitart V, Navarro P, Zagury JF, Wilson JF, Toniolo D, Gasparini P, Soranzo N, Sandhu MS, Marchini J. A general approach for haplotype phasing across the full spectrum of relatedness. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004234. [PMID: 24743097 PMCID: PMC3990520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many existing cohorts contain a range of relatedness between genotyped individuals, either by design or by chance. Haplotype estimation in such cohorts is a central step in many downstream analyses. Using genotypes from six cohorts from isolated populations and two cohorts from non-isolated populations, we have investigated the performance of different phasing methods designed for nominally 'unrelated' individuals. We find that SHAPEIT2 produces much lower switch error rates in all cohorts compared to other methods, including those designed specifically for isolated populations. In particular, when large amounts of IBD sharing is present, SHAPEIT2 infers close to perfect haplotypes. Based on these results we have developed a general strategy for phasing cohorts with any level of implicit or explicit relatedness between individuals. First SHAPEIT2 is run ignoring all explicit family information. We then apply a novel HMM method (duoHMM) to combine the SHAPEIT2 haplotypes with any family information to infer the inheritance pattern of each meiosis at all sites across each chromosome. This allows the correction of switch errors, detection of recombination events and genotyping errors. We show that the method detects numbers of recombination events that align very well with expectations based on genetic maps, and that it infers far fewer spurious recombination events than Merlin. The method can also detect genotyping errors and infer recombination events in otherwise uninformative families, such as trios and duos. The detected recombination events can be used in association scans for recombination phenotypes. The method provides a simple and unified approach to haplotype estimation, that will be of interest to researchers in the fields of human, animal and plant genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared O'Connell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Delaneau
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Jie Huang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth McQuillan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross M Fraser
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gershim Asiki
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI), Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Francois Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Marchini
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Olson AD, Meyer L, Prins M, Thiebaut R, Gurdasani D, Guiguet M, Chaix ML, Amornkul P, Babiker A, Sandhu MS, Porter K. An evaluation of HIV elite controller definitions within a large seroconverter cohort collaboration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86719. [PMID: 24489776 PMCID: PMC3904947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the mechanisms underlying viral control is highly relevant to vaccine studies and elite control (EC) of HIV infection. Although numerous definitions of EC exist, it is not clear which, if any, best identify this rare phenotype. Methods We assessed a number of EC definitions used in the literature using CASCADE data of 25,692 HIV seroconverters. We estimated proportions maintaining EC of total ART-naïve follow-up time, and disease progression, comparing to non-EC. We also examined HIV-RNA and CD4 values and CD4 slope during EC and beyond (while ART naïve). Results Most definitions classify ∼1% as ECs with median HIV-RNA 43–903 copies/ml and median CD4>500 cells/mm3. Beyond EC status, median HIV-RNA levels remained low, although often detectable, and CD4 values high but with strong evidence of decline for all definitions. Median % ART-naïve time as EC was ≥92% although overlap between definitions was low. EC definitions with consecutive HIV-RNA measurements <75 copies/ml with follow-up≥ six months, or with 90% of measurements <400 copies/ml over ≥10 year follow-up preformed best overall. Individuals thus defined were less likely to progress to endpoint (hazard ratios ranged from 12.5–19.0 for non-ECs compared to ECs). Conclusions ECs are rare, less likely to progress to clinical disease, but may eventually lose control. We suggest definitions requiring individuals to have consecutive undetectable HIV-RNA measurements for ≥ six months or otherwise with >90% of measurements <400 copies/ml over ≥10 years be used to define this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Olson
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Laurence Meyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018, Université Paris-Sud, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Maria Prins
- Amsterdam Public Health Service, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rodolphe Thiebaut
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marguerite Guiguet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U943, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie S943, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Chaix
- Université Paris Descartes, EA 3620, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pauli Amornkul
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Abdel Babiker
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manjinder S. Sandhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kholoud Porter
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ye Z, Haycock PC, Gurdasani D, Pomilla C, Boekholdt SM, Tsimikas S, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Sandhu MS, Forouhi NG. The association between circulating lipoprotein(a) and type 2 diabetes: is it causal? Diabetes 2014; 63:332-342. [PMID: 24089516 PMCID: PMC4246060 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports a direct and causal association between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels and coronary risk, but the nature of the association between Lp(a) levels and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. In this study, we assessed the association of Lp(a) levels with risk of incident T2D and tested whether Lp(a) levels are causally linked to T2D. We analyzed data on 18,490 participants from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort that included adults aged 40-79 years at baseline 1993-1997. During an average 10 years of follow-up, 593 participants developed incident T2D. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between Lp(a) levels and T2D. In Mendelian randomization analyses, based on EPIC-Norfolk combined with DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis data involving a total of 10,088 diabetes case participants and 68,346 control participants, we used a genetic variant (rs10455872) as an instrument to test whether the association between Lp(a) levels and T2D is causal. In adjusted analyses, there was an inverse association between Lp(a) levels and T2D: hazard ratio was 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.81; P trend = 0.003) comparing the top versus bottom quintile of Lp(a). In EPIC-Norfolk, a 1-SD increase in logLp(a) was associated with a lower risk of T2D (odds ratio [OR] 0.88 [95% CI: 0.80-0.95]). However, in Mendelian randomization analyses, a 1-SD increase in logLp(a) due to rs10455872, which explained 26.8% of the variability in Lp(a) levels, was not associated with risk of T2D (OR 1.03 [0.96-1.10]; P = 0.41). These prospective findings demonstrate a strong inverse association of Lp(a) levels with risk of T2D. However, a genetic variant that elevated Lp(a) levels was not associated with risk of T2D, suggesting that elevated Lp(a) levels are not causally associated with a lower risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, UK
| | - Philip C Haycock
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Vascular Medicine Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, UK
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48
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Willer CJ, Schmidt EM, Sengupta S, Peloso GM, Gustafsson S, Kanoni S, Ganna A, Chen J, Buchkovich ML, Mora S, Beckmann JS, Bragg-Gresham JL, Chang HY, Demirkan A, Den Hertog HM, Do R, Donnelly LA, Ehret GB, Esko T, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Fischer K, Fontanillas P, Fraser RM, Freitag DF, Gurdasani D, Heikkilä K, Hyppönen E, Isaacs A, Jackson AU, Johansson Å, Johnson T, Kaakinen M, Kettunen J, Kleber ME, Li X, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Magnusson PK, Mangino M, Mihailov E, Montasser ME, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, O’Connell JR, Palmer CD, Perola M, Petersen AK, Sanna S, Saxena R, Service SK, Shah S, Shungin D, Sidore C, Song C, Strawbridge RJ, Surakka I, Tanaka T, Teslovich TM, Thorleifsson G, Van den Herik EG, Voight BF, Volcik KA, Waite LL, Wong A, Wu Y, Zhang W, Absher D, Asiki G, Barroso I, Been LF, Bolton JL, Bonnycastle LL, Brambilla P, Burnett MS, Cesana G, Dimitriou M, Doney AS, Döring A, Elliott P, Epstein SE, Ingi Eyjolfsson G, Gigante B, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Gravito ML, Groves CJ, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hicks AA, Holm H, Hung YJ, Illig T, Jones MR, Kaleebu P, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Kim E, Klopp N, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Langenberg C, Lehtimäki T, Lin SY, Lindström J, Loos RJ, Mach F, McArdle WL, Meisinger C, Mitchell BD, Müller G, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nieminen TV, Nsubuga RN, Olafsson I, Ong KK, Palotie A, Papamarkou T, Pomilla C, Pouta A, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Ridker PM, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Samani N, Scharnagl H, Seeley J, Silander K, Stančáková A, Stirrups K, Swift AJ, Tiret L, Uitterlinden AG, van Pelt LJ, Vedantam S, Wainwright N, Wijmenga C, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Young EH, Zhao JH, Adair LS, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Bennett F, Bochud M, Boehm BO, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Bornstein SR, Bovet P, Burnier M, Campbell H, Chakravarti A, Chambers JC, Chen YDI, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Danesh J, Dedoussis G, de Faire U, Feranil AB, Ferrières J, Ferrucci L, Freimer NB, Gieger C, Groop LC, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hamsten A, Harris TB, Hingorani A, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Hovingh GK, Hsiung CA, Humphries SE, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Iribarren C, Järvelin MR, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kaprio J, Kesäniemi A, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Koudstaal PJ, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Martin NG, März W, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Metspalu A, Moilanen L, Morris AD, Munroe PB, Njølstad I, Pedersen NL, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Price JF, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rauramaa R, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Sanghera DK, Saramies J, Schwarz PE, Sheu WHH, Shuldiner AR, Siegbahn A, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Strachan DP, Tayo BO, Tremoli E, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, Wallentin L, Wareham NJ, Whitfield JB, Wolffenbuttel BH, Ordovas JM, Boerwinkle E, Palmer CN, Thorsteinsdottir U, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Franks PW, Ripatti S, Cupples LA, Sandhu MS, Rich SS, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Kathiresan S, Mohlke KL, Ingelsson E, Abecasis GR. Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1274-1283. [PMID: 24097068 PMCID: PMC3838666 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2104] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 × 10(-8), including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sebanti Sengupta
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Gina M. Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacques S. Beckmann
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ron Do
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Louise A. Donnelly
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Georg B. Ehret
- Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ross M. Fraser
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F. Freitag
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Toby Johnson
- Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - May E. Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey R. O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Richa Saxena
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan K. Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sonia Shah
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, 07100 SS, Italy
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tanya M. Teslovich
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly A. Volcik
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Gershim Asiki
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Latonya F. Been
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Bolton
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Mary S. Burnett
- MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Research Centre on Public Health, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Alex S.F. Doney
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Paul Elliott
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Stephen E. Epstein
- MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | | | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martha L. Gravito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Christopher J. Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michelle R. Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - John J.P. Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Kim
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at ount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - François Mach
- Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Wendy L McArdle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabrielle Müller
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometrics, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ramaiah Nagaraja
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD21224, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tuomo V.M. Nieminen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tamperew 33014, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
- Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United ingdom
| | - Theodore Papamarkou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nilesh Samani
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Janet Seeley
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurence Tiret
- INSERM UMRS 937, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L. Joost van Pelt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Wainwright
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H. Young
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dominique Arveiler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Franklyn Bennett
- Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan B. Feranil
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Leif C. Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antero Kesäniemi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Koudstaal
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Junior Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten O. Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Winfried März
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH,Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 25, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris Power
- Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jackie F. Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Peter E.H. Schwarz
- Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lars Wallentin
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for rdiovascular Investigation, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin N.A. Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Manjinder S. Sandhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Do R, Willer CJ, Schmidt EM, Sengupta S, Gao C, Peloso GM, Gustafsson S, Kanoni S, Ganna A, Chen J, Buchkovich ML, Mora S, Beckmann JS, Bragg-Gresham JL, Chang HY, Demirkan A, Den Hertog HM, Donnelly LA, Ehret GB, Esko T, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Fischer K, Fontanillas P, Fraser RM, Freitag DF, Gurdasani D, Heikkilä K, Hyppönen E, Isaacs A, Jackson AU, Johansson A, Johnson T, Kaakinen M, Kettunen J, Kleber ME, Li X, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Magnusson PKE, Mangino M, Mihailov E, Montasser ME, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, O'Connell JR, Palmer CD, Perola M, Petersen AK, Sanna S, Saxena R, Service SK, Shah S, Shungin D, Sidore C, Song C, Strawbridge RJ, Surakka I, Tanaka T, Teslovich TM, Thorleifsson G, Van den Herik EG, Voight BF, Volcik KA, Waite LL, Wong A, Wu Y, Zhang W, Absher D, Asiki G, Barroso I, Been LF, Bolton JL, Bonnycastle LL, Brambilla P, Burnett MS, Cesana G, Dimitriou M, Doney ASF, Döring A, Elliott P, Epstein SE, Eyjolfsson GI, Gigante B, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Gravito ML, Groves CJ, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hicks AA, Holm H, Hung YJ, Illig T, Jones MR, Kaleebu P, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT, Kim E, Klopp N, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Langenberg C, Lehtimäki T, Lin SY, Lindström J, Loos RJF, Mach F, McArdle WL, Meisinger C, Mitchell BD, Müller G, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nieminen TVM, Nsubuga RN, Olafsson I, Ong KK, Palotie A, Papamarkou T, Pomilla C, Pouta A, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Ridker PM, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Samani N, Scharnagl H, Seeley J, Silander K, Stančáková A, Stirrups K, Swift AJ, Tiret L, Uitterlinden AG, van Pelt LJ, Vedantam S, Wainwright N, Wijmenga C, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Young EH, Zhao JH, Adair LS, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Bennett F, Bochud M, Boehm BO, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Bornstein SR, Bovet P, Burnier M, Campbell H, Chakravarti A, Chambers JC, Chen YDI, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Danesh J, Dedoussis G, de Faire U, Feranil AB, Ferrières J, Ferrucci L, Freimer NB, Gieger C, Groop LC, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hamsten A, Harris TB, Hingorani A, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Hovingh GK, Hsiung CA, Humphries SE, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Iribarren C, Järvelin MR, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kaprio J, Kesäniemi A, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Koudstaal PJ, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Martin NG, März W, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Metspalu A, Moilanen L, Morris AD, Munroe PB, Njølstad I, Pedersen NL, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Price JF, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rauramaa R, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Sanghera DK, Saramies J, Schwarz PEH, Sheu WHH, Shuldiner AR, Siegbahn A, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Strachan DP, Tayo BO, Tremoli E, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, Wallentin L, Wareham NJ, Whitfield JB, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Altshuler D, Ordovas JM, Boerwinkle E, Palmer CNA, Thorsteinsdottir U, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Franks PW, Ripatti S, Cupples LA, Sandhu MS, Rich SS, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Mohlke KL, Ingelsson E, Abecasis GR, Daly MJ, Neale BM, Kathiresan S. Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1345-52. [PMID: 24097064 PMCID: PMC3904346 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiologic studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P<5×10−8 for each) to examine the role of triglycerides on risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, and show that the direction and magnitude of both are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong magnitude of association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a polymorphism's strength of effect on triglycerides is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Do
- 1] Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Gurdasani D, Sjouke B, Tsimikas S, Hovingh GK, Luben RN, Wainwright NWJ, Pomilla C, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM, Sandhu MS. Lipoprotein(a) and risk of coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery disease: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:3058-65. [PMID: 23065826 PMCID: PMC4210842 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.255521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the association between circulating levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke is well established, its role in risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains unclear. Here, we examine the association between Lp(a) levels and PAD in a large prospective cohort. To contextualize these findings, we also examined the association between Lp(a) levels and risk of stroke and CAD and studied the role of low-density lipoprotein as an effect modifier of Lp(a)-associated cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Lp(a) levels were measured in apparently healthy participants in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort. Cox regression was used to quantify the association between Lp(a) levels and risk of PAD, stroke, and CAD outcomes. During 212 981 person-years at risk, a total of 2365 CAD, 284 ischemic stroke, and 596 PAD events occurred in 18 720 participants. Lp(a) was associated with PAD and CAD outcomes but not with ischemic stroke (hazard ratio per 2.7-fold increase in Lp(a) of 1.37, 95% CI 1.25-1.50, 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22 and 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.03, respectively). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not modify these associations. CONCLUSIONS Lp(a) levels were associated with future PAD and CAD events. The association between Lp(a) and cardiovascular disease was not modified by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurdasani
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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