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Sanchez Rico M, Plessz M, Airagnes G, Wiernik E, Hoertel N, Goldberg M, Zins M, Meneton P. Lifetime exposure to unemployment and prior working conditions are associated with retiree's health: A retrospective study in a large population-based French cohort. Soc Sci Med 2024; 341:116550. [PMID: 38160610 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
It is unclear whether unemployment exposure, as well as working conditions, can have sustained effects on the health of retirees who are no longer exposed. The aim of the present study is to investigate this issue in 29,281 French retirees from the CONSTANCES cohort in whom the prevalence of suboptimal self-rated health, disability for routine tasks, cardiovascular diseases and cancers is assessed according to lifetime exposure to unemployment and prior working conditions. The analyses are performed retrospectively using multivariable logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders such as sex, birth year, parental histories of cardiovascular disease and cancer, social position, retirement age and duration. High lifetime exposure to unemployment is associated with an increased prevalence of suboptimal self-rated health (adjusted odds ratio (95% CI), 1.39 (1.23-1.57)), disability for routine tasks (1.41 (1.26-1.57)) and several cardiovascular diseases including stroke (1.66 (1.19-2.31)), myocardial infarction (1.65 (1.18-2.31)) and peripheral arterial disease (2.38 (1.46-3.90)). Bad prior working conditions are associated with an increased prevalence of disability for routine tasks (1.17 (1.04-1.33)) and cancers (1.27 (1.04-1.54)), notably prostate cancer (1.60 (1.01-2.64)). These findings suggest that unemployment and working conditions have long-term health effects that may cumulate over lifetime, emphasizing that risk evaluation and preventive strategies in retirees, as in workers, should take into account the life-course of individuals in addition to traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sanchez Rico
- AP-HP, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Marie Plessz
- Centre Maurice Halbwachs, INRAE, EHESS, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- AP-HP, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, UMS_011 INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; UMR_1266, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, UMS_011 INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, UMS_011 INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- UMR_1142 INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris 13, Paris, France.
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El Haddad R, Meneton P, Melchior M, Wiernik E, Zins M, Airagnes G. Changes in alcohol consumption according to the duration of unemployment: prospective findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e077255. [PMID: 37984957 PMCID: PMC10660887 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively examine the association between the duration of unemployment among job seekers and changes in alcohol use in a year. DESIGN A prospective study. SETTING French population-based CONSTANCES cohort. PARTICIPANTS We selected 84 943 participants from the CONSTANCES cohort included between 2012 and 2019 who, at baseline and 1-year follow-up, were either employed or job-seeking. OUTCOME MEASURES Multinomial logistic regression models computed the odds of reporting continuous no alcohol use, at-risk alcohol use, increased or decreased alcohol use compared with being continuously at low risk and according to employment status. The duration of unemployment was self-reported at baseline; thus, the employment status at 1-year follow-up was categorised as follows: (1) employed, (2) return to employment since less than a year, (3) unemployed for less than 1 year, (4) unemployed for 1 to 3 years and (5) unemployed for 3 years or more. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, household monthly income, marital status, self-rated health, smoking status and depressive state. RESULTS Compared with being continuously at low risk (ie, ≤10 drinks per week), the unemployment categories were associated in a dose-dependent manner with an increased likelihood of reporting continuous no alcohol use (OR: 1.74-2.50), being continuously at-risk (OR: 1.21-1.83), experiencing an increase in alcohol use (OR: 1.21-1.51) and a decrease in alcohol use (OR: 1.17-1.84). CONCLUSION Although our results suggested an association between the duration of unemployment and a decrease in alcohol use, they also revealed associations between at-risk and increased alcohol use. Thus, screening for alcohol use among unemployed job seekers must be reinforced, especially among those with long-term unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita El Haddad
- Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS011, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMRS 1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, INSERM UMR_S 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS011, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS011, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Sanchez Rico M, Plessz M, Airagnes G, Ribet C, Hoertel N, Goldberg M, Zins M, Meneton P. Distinct cardiovascular and cancer burdens associated with social position, work environment and unemployment: a cross-sectional and retrospective study in a large population-based French cohort. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074835. [PMID: 37524560 PMCID: PMC10391792 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Distinguish the respective effects of social position, work environment and unemployment on cardiovascular and cancer risks. DESIGN A cross-sectional and retrospective observational study. SETTING A population-based French cohort (CONSTANCES). PARTICIPANTS 130 197 adults enrolled between 2012 and 2021 without missing values. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The associations of social position, work environment and unemployment exposure with the prevalence of cardiovascular events and cancers simultaneously tested using logistic regression models adjusting for common risk factors. RESULTS While social position, work environment and unemployment exposure are strongly inter-related with each other, they are not linked to the same cardiovascular and cancer outcomes. Low social position and long unemployment duration are significantly associated with an increased prevalence of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.22 to 1.90, p<0.04 to p<0.0001) but not of stroke. In contrast, a bad work environment is associated with an increased prevalence of stroke (OR=1.29, p<0.01) but not of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease. Low social position is associated with an increased prevalence of cervical and lung cancers (OR=1.73 and 1.95, p<0.002 and p<0.03) and a decreased prevalence of skin cancer (OR=0.70, p<0.0001) while a bad work environment is associated with an increased prevalence of breast, skin, prostate and colon cancers (OR=1.31 to 2.91, p<0.0002 to p<0.0001). Unemployment exposure is not associated with the prevalence of any type of cancers. CONCLUSIONS Social position, work environment and unemployment are associated with distinct cardiovascular and cancerous diseases that could add up during lifetime, they should therefore be considered all together in any preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sanchez Rico
- DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, AP-HP, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Marie Plessz
- Centre Maurice Halbwachs, EHESS, ENS-PSL, CNRS, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Céline Ribet
- UMS_011, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, AP-HP, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | | | - Marie Zins
- UMS_011, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- UMR_1142, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris 13, INSERM, Paris, France
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4
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Sanchez Rico M, Plessz M, Airagnes G, Ribet C, Hoertel N, Goldberg M, Zins M, Meneton P. Cardiovascular burden and unemployment: A retrospective study in a large population-based French cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288747. [PMID: 37459323 PMCID: PMC10351739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific effect of unemployment on cardiovascular health relatively to the effects of social position and work environment is still unclear. To clarify this effect, the associations between current or past unemployment and the prevalence of common cardiovascular risk factor and events were tested using multiple logistic regression models with adjustment for both social position and prior work environment. The analyses were performed in a population-based French cohort (CONSTANCES) that included 131,186 adults enrolled between 2012 and 2021. Participants who were unemployed at inclusion (n = 8278) were overexposed to non-moderate alcohol consumption, smoking, leisure-time physical inactivity and depression (odds ratios (ORs) from 1.19 to 1.58) whereas those who have been unemployed at least once in the past (n = 19,015) were additionally overexposed not only to the previous risk factors but also to obesity, diabetes and sleep disorders (ORs from 1.10 to 1.35). These latter were also more exposed to non-fatal myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease (ORs of 1.44 and 1.47 respectively), overexposures that persisted after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (ORs of 1.36 and 1.33). The overexposures to risk factors and cardiovascular events were both dependent on the duration of past unemployment. They were equally observed in participants with low social position or bad work environment. These results suggest that unemployment increases cardiovascular risk independently from social position and work environment with a cumulative effect over time. The effect of unemployment could add up to those of low social position and bad work environment during lifetime to further increase cardiovascular risk. They also suggest that long-term unemployment increases the prevalence of cardiovascular events through pathways including but not limited to overexposure to common risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sanchez Rico
- AP-HP, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Marie Plessz
- Centre Maurice Halbwachs, INRAE, EHESS, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- AP-HP, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Céline Ribet
- UMS_011, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- UMR_1266, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Zins
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- UMS_011, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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5
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Le Floch E, Cosentino T, Larsen CK, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Amar L, Rossi GP, De Sousa K, Baron S, Chantalat S, Saintpierre B, Lenzini L, Frouin A, Giscos-Douriez I, Ferey M, Abdellatif AB, Meatchi T, Empana JP, Jouven X, Gieger C, Waldenberger M, Peters A, Cusi D, Salvi E, Meneton P, Touvier M, Deschasaux M, Druesne-Pecollo N, Boulkroun S, Fernandes-Rosa FL, Deleuze JF, Jeunemaitre X, Zennaro MC. Identification of risk loci for primary aldosteronism in genome-wide association studies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5198. [PMID: 36057693 PMCID: PMC9440917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism affects up to 10% of hypertensive patients and is responsible for treatment resistance and increased cardiovascular risk. Here we perform a genome-wide association study in a discovery cohort of 562 cases and 950 controls and identify three main loci on chromosomes 1, 13 and X; associations on chromosome 1 and 13 are replicated in a second cohort and confirmed by a meta-analysis involving 1162 cases and 3296 controls. The association on chromosome 13 is specific to men and stronger in bilateral adrenal hyperplasia than aldosterone producing adenoma. Candidate genes located within the two loci, CASZ1 and RXFP2, are expressed in human and mouse adrenals in different cell clusters. Their overexpression in adrenocortical cells suppresses mineralocorticoid output under basal and stimulated conditions, without affecting cortisol biosynthesis. Our study identifies the first risk loci for primary aldosteronism and highlights new mechanisms for the development of aldosterone excess. Detection of primary aldosteronism, the most common form of secondary arterial hypertension, is essential for targeted management and prevention of cardiovascular complications. Here, the authors identify genetic loci associated with primary aldosteronism, suggesting new mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Le Floch
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Casper K Larsen
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) und Universität Zürich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Laurence Amar
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité Hypertension artérielle, Paris, France
| | - Gian-Paolo Rossi
- DMCS 'G. Patrassi' University of Padova Medical School, University Hospital, 35126, Padova, Italy
| | - Kelly De Sousa
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Baron
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Physiologie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Chantalat
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Benjamin Saintpierre
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Genom'IC platform, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Livia Lenzini
- DMCS 'G. Patrassi' University of Padova Medical School, University Hospital, 35126, Padova, Italy
| | - Arthur Frouin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Matthis Ferey
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Tchao Meatchi
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Jouven
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Cardiologie, Paris, France
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy.,Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Meneton
- UMR_1142, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | | | | | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France.
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6
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Hoertel N, Rico MS, Limosin F, Lemogne C, Alvarado JM, Goldberg M, Zins M, Ménard J, Meneton P. Retirement age does not modify the association of prior working conditions with self-rated health and mortality in retirees: results from a prospective study of retired French workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1921-1934. [PMID: 35687142 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether retirement age can modify the association of working conditions with health and mortality in retirees who are no longer exposed to these conditions. METHODS The present study investigated this issue in a cohort of 13,378 French workers in whom self-rated health and mortality were measured over 15 years after statutory retirement. The analyses were also performed in homogenous clusters of workers differentiated on the basis of working conditions, social position, birth and retirement years. RESULTS Bad working conditions before retirement, which were assessed using a global score combining 25 different occupational exposures, were associated with higher rates of suboptimum self-rated health and mortality in retirees after adjusting for retirement age, social position, demographics and health status before retirement. These rates were also substantially higher in the cluster of workers characterized by bad working conditions in comparison to other clusters. In contrast, retirement age was not associated with self-rated health or mortality after adjusting for working conditions, social position, demographics and health status before retirement. Likewise, no association of retirement age with self-rated health or mortality was found in any cluster of workers and no interactions were observed with any of these clusters. CONCLUSION These results suggest that bad working conditions before retirement have long-term detrimental effects on health and mortality in retirees and that retirement age does not modulate these effects. Improving work environment rather than modifying retirement age should be prioritized to promote health and reduce mortality not only in workers but also in retirees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- Département de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Université de Paris, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.,UMR_S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marina Sanchez Rico
- Département de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Université de Paris, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.,Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Département de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Université de Paris, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.,UMR_S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Département de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Université de Paris, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.,UMR_S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jesús M Alvarado
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | | | - Marie Zins
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,UMS_011, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Joël Ménard
- UMR_1142, INSERM, Sorbonne, Université, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- UMR_1142, INSERM, Sorbonne, Université, Université Paris 13, Paris, France.
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7
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Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Vernet R, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Blanco C, Olfson M, Airagnes G, Lemogne C, Alvarado JM, Arnaout M, Cougoule C, Meneton P, Limosin F. Association between benzodiazepine receptor agonist use and mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19: a multicentre observational study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e18. [PMID: 35352674 PMCID: PMC8967698 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use and mortality in patients hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS A multicentre observational study was performed at Greater Paris University hospitals. The sample involved 14 381 patients hospitalised for COVID-19. A total of 686 (4.8%) inpatients received a BZRA at hospital admission at a mean daily diazepam-equivalent dose of 19.7 mg (standard deviation (s.d.) = 25.4). The study baseline was the date of admission, and the primary endpoint was death. We compared this endpoint between patients who received BZRAs and those who did not in time-to-event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, medical comorbidities and other medications. The primary analysis was a Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting (IPW). RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 14.5 days (s.d. = 18.1), the primary endpoint occurred in 186 patients (27.1%) who received BZRAs and in 1134 patients (8.3%) who did not. There was a significant association between BZRA use and increased mortality both in the crude analysis (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.74-3.74; p < 0.01) and in the IPW analysis (HR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.31-1.98, p < 0.01), with a significant dose-dependent relationship (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.08-2.22; p = 0.02). This association remained significant in sensitivity analyses. Exploratory analyses indicate that most BZRAs may be associated with an increased mortality among patients hospitalised for COVID-19, except for diazepam, which may be associated with a reduced mortality compared with any other BZRA treatment. CONCLUSIONS BZRA use may be associated with an increased mortality among patients hospitalised for COVID-19, suggesting the potential benefit of decreasing dose or tapering off gradually these medications when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Hoertel
- Département de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - M. Sánchez-Rico
- Département de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - E. Gulbins
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J. Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R. Vernet
- Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Public Health Department, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015Paris, France
| | - N. Beeker
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - A. Neuraz
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Informatics, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C. Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD20852, USA
| | - M. Olfson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - G. Airagnes
- Département de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts, Villejuif, France
| | - C. Lemogne
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, Paris, France
| | - J. M. Alvarado
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - M. Arnaout
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Île-de-France Ouest, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - C. Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P. Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMRS 1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - F. Limosin
- Département de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
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8
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Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Carpinteiro A, Abellán M, de la Muela P, Vernet R, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Delcuze A, Alvarado JM, Cougoule C, Meneton P, Limosin F. Association between FIASMA psychotropic medications and reduced risk of intubation or death in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19: an observational multicenter study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:90. [PMID: 35241663 PMCID: PMC8892828 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system may provide a useful framework for better understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection and the repurposing of psychotropic medications functionally inhibiting the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system (named FIASMA psychotropic medications) against COVID-19. We examined the potential usefulness of FIASMA psychotropic medications in patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19, in an observational multicenter study conducted at Greater Paris University hospitals. Of 545 adult inpatients, 164 (30.1%) received a FIASMA psychotropic medication upon hospital admission for COVID-19. We compared the composite endpoint of intubation or death between patients who received a psychotropic FIASMA medication at baseline and those who did not in time-to-event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric and other medical comorbidity, and other medications. FIASMA psychotropic medication use at baseline was significantly associated with reduced risk of intubation or death in both crude (HR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.31-0.57; p < 0.01) and primary inverse probability weighting (IPW) (HR = 0.50; 95%CI = 0.37-0.67; p < 0.01) analyses. This association was not specific to one FIASMA psychotropic class or medication. Patients taking a FIASMA antidepressant at baseline had a significantly reduced risk of intubation or death compared with those taking a non-FIASMA antidepressant at baseline in both crude (HR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.38-0.86; p < 0.01) and primary IPW (HR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.37-0.87; p < 0.01) analyses. These associations remained significant in multiple sensitivity analyses. Our results show the potential importance of the ASM/ceramide system framework in COVID-19 and support the continuation of FIASMA psychotropic medications in these patients and the need of large- scale clinical trials evaluating FIASMA medications, and particularly FIASMA antidepressants, against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, Paris, France.
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Erich Gulbins
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich- Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany ,grid.410718.b0000 0001 0262 7331Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miriam Abellán
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Pedro de la Muela
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Raphaël Vernet
- grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Public Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Unité de Recherche clinique, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- grid.417925.cINSERM, UMR S1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France ,grid.412134.10000 0004 0593 9113AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Department of Medical Informatics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aude Delcuze
- ORPEA - CLINEA, Clinique Les Orchidées, Service de Psychiatrie, Andilly, France
| | - Jesús M. Alvarado
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Céline Cougoule
- grid.508721.9Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMR S1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Paris, France ,grid.512035.0INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266 Paris, France
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9
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Hoertel N, Sanchez Rico M, Limosin F, Ménard J, Ribet C, Bonenfant S, Goldberg M, Zins M, Meneton P. Respective Mediating Effects of Social Position and Work Environment on the Incidence of Common Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021373. [PMID: 35023345 PMCID: PMC9238532 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Social position and work environment are highly interrelated and their respective contribution to cardiovascular risk is still debated. Methods and Results In a cohort of 20 625 French workers followed for 25 years, discrete‐time survival analysis with reciprocal mediating effects, adjusted for sex, age, and parental history of early coronary heart disease, was performed using Bayesian structural equation modeling to simultaneously investigate the extent to which social position mediates the effect of work environment and, inversely, the extent to which work environment mediates the effect of social position on the incidence of common cardiovascular risk factors. Depending on the factor, social position mediates 2% to 53% of the effect of work environment and work environment mediates 9% to 87% of the effect of social position. The mediation by work environment is larger than that by social position for the incidence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, sleep complaints, and depression (mediation ratios 1.32–41.5, 6.67 when modeling the 6 factors together). In contrast, the mediation by social position is larger than that by work environment for the incidence of nonmoderate alcohol consumption, smoking, and leisure‐time physical inactivity (mediation ratios 0.16–0.69, 0.26 when modeling the 3 factors together). Conclusions The incidence of behavioral risk factors seems strongly dependent on social position whereas that of clinical risk factors seems closely related to work environment, suggesting that preventive strategies should be based on education and general practice for the former and on work organization and occupational medicine for the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- Département de Psychiatrie Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris Faculté de Médecine Hôpital Corentin-Celton INSERM UMR_S1266 AP-HPUniversité de Paris Issy-les-Moulineaux France
| | - Marina Sanchez Rico
- Département de Psychiatrie Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris Faculté de Médecine Hôpital Corentin-Celton INSERM UMR_S1266 AP-HPUniversité de Paris Issy-les-Moulineaux France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Département de Psychiatrie Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris Faculté de Médecine Hôpital Corentin-Celton INSERM UMR_S1266 AP-HPUniversité de Paris Issy-les-Moulineaux France
| | - Joël Ménard
- UMR_1142 INSERM Sorbonne UniversitéUniversité Paris 13 Paris France
| | - Céline Ribet
- UMS_011 INSERM Université Paris-Saclay Villejuif France
| | | | | | - Marie Zins
- UMS_011 INSERM Université Paris-Saclay Villejuif France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- UMR_1142 INSERM Sorbonne UniversitéUniversité Paris 13 Paris France
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10
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Sánchez-Rico M, Limosin F, Vernet R, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Blanco C, Olfson M, Lemogne C, Meneton P, Daniel C, Paris N, Gramfort A, Lemaitre G, De La Muela P, Salamanca E, Bernaux M, Bellamine A, Burgun A, Hoertel N. Hydroxyzine Use and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Multicenter Observational Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5891. [PMID: 34945186 PMCID: PMC8707307 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Based on its antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory properties, and functional inhibition effects on the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system (FIASMA), we sought to examine the potential usefulness of the H1 antihistamine hydroxyzine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. (2) Methods: In a multicenter observational study, we included 15,103 adults hospitalized for COVID-19, of which 164 (1.1%) received hydroxyzine within the first 48 h of hospitalization, administered orally at a median daily dose of 25.0 mg (SD = 29.5). We compared mortality rates between patients who received hydroxyzine at hospital admission and those who did not, using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for patients' characteristics, medical conditions, and use of other medications. (3) Results: This analysis showed a significant association between hydroxyzine use and reduced mortality (AOR, 0.51; 95%CI, 0.29-0.88, p = 0.016). This association was similar in multiple sensitivity analyses. (4) Conclusions: In this retrospective observational multicenter study, the use of the FIASMA hydroxyzine was associated with reduced mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials of hydroxyzine for COVID-19 are needed to confirm these results, as are studies to examine the potential usefulness of this medication for outpatients and as post-exposure prophylaxis for individuals at high risk for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sánchez-Rico
- Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; (F.L.); (C.L.); (P.D.L.M.); (N.H.)
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; (F.L.); (C.L.); (P.D.L.M.); (N.H.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, UMR_S1266, INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Vernet
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Public Health Department, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (A.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Medical Informatics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; (F.L.); (C.L.); (P.D.L.M.); (N.H.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, UMR_S1266, INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- Laboratoire d’Informatique Médicale et d’Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé, UMR 1142, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris 13, 93017 Paris, France;
| | - Christel Daniel
- AP-HP, DSI-WIND (Web Innovation Données), 75184 Paris, France; (C.D.); (N.P.)
- Laboratoire d’Informatique Médicale et d’Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé, Sorbonne University, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 1142, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Paris
- AP-HP, DSI-WIND (Web Innovation Données), 75184 Paris, France; (C.D.); (N.P.)
- LIMSI, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Gramfort
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies du Numérique (INRIA), Université Paris-Saclay, INRIA, CEA, 75012 Palaiseau, France; (A.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Guillaume Lemaitre
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies du Numérique (INRIA), Université Paris-Saclay, INRIA, CEA, 75012 Palaiseau, France; (A.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Pedro De La Muela
- Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; (F.L.); (C.L.); (P.D.L.M.); (N.H.)
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Elisa Salamanca
- Banque Nationale de Données Maladies Rares (BNDMR), Campus Picpus, Département WIND (Web Innovation Données), AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Mélodie Bernaux
- Direction de la Stratégie et de la Transformation, AP-HP, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Ali Bellamine
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Anita Burgun
- Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; (F.L.); (C.L.); (P.D.L.M.); (N.H.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université de Paris, UMR_S1266, INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
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11
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Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Carpinteiro A, Lenze EJ, Reiersen AM, Abellán M, de la Muela P, Vernet R, Blanco C, Cougoule C, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Gorwood P, Alvarado JM, Meneton P, Limosin F. Association Between FIASMAs and Reduced Risk of Intubation or Death in Individuals Hospitalized for Severe COVID-19: An Observational Multicenter Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021. [PMID: 34050932 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2317.10.1002/cpt.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Several medications commonly used for a number of medical conditions share a property of functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), or FIASMA. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the ASM/ceramide system may be central to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We examined the potential usefulness of FIASMA use among patients hospitalized for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an observational multicenter study conducted at Greater Paris University hospitals. Of 2,846 adult patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, 277 (9.7%) were taking an FIASMA medication at the time of their hospital admission. The primary end point was a composite of intubation and/or death. We compared this end point between patients taking vs. not taking an FIASMA medication in time-to-event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities. The primary analysis was a Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting (IPW). Over a mean follow-up of 9.2 days (SD = 12.5), the primary end point occurred in 104 patients (37.5%) receiving an FIASMA medication, and 1,060 patients (41.4%) who did not. Despite being significantly and substantially associated with older age and greater medical severity, FIASMA medication use was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of intubation or death in both crude (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58-0.87, P < 0.001) and primary IPW (HR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.46-0.72, P < 0.001) analyses. This association remained significant in multiple sensitivity analyses and was not specific to one particular FIASMA class or medication. These results show the potential importance of the ASM/ceramide system in COVID-19 and support the continuation of FIASMA medications in these patients. Double-blind controlled randomized clinical trials of these medications for COVID-19 are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela M Reiersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Miriam Abellán
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pedro de la Muela
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphaël Vernet
- Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Public Health Department, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, North Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- Unité de Recherche clinique, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Informatics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- INSERM, U1266 (Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jesús M Alvarado
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMRS 1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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12
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Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Carpinteiro A, Lenze EJ, Reiersen AM, Abellán M, de la Muela P, Vernet R, Blanco C, Cougoule C, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Gorwood P, Alvarado JM, Meneton P, Limosin F. Association Between FIASMAs and Reduced Risk of Intubation or Death in Individuals Hospitalized for Severe COVID-19: An Observational Multicenter Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:1498-1511. [PMID: 34050932 PMCID: PMC8239599 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several medications commonly used for a number of medical conditions share a property of functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), or FIASMA. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the ASM/ceramide system may be central to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. We examined the potential usefulness of FIASMA use among patients hospitalized for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in an observational multicenter study conducted at Greater Paris University hospitals. Of 2,846 adult patients hospitalized for severe COVID‐19, 277 (9.7%) were taking an FIASMA medication at the time of their hospital admission. The primary end point was a composite of intubation and/or death. We compared this end point between patients taking vs. not taking an FIASMA medication in time‐to‐event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities. The primary analysis was a Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting (IPW). Over a mean follow‐up of 9.2 days (SD = 12.5), the primary end point occurred in 104 patients (37.5%) receiving an FIASMA medication, and 1,060 patients (41.4%) who did not. Despite being significantly and substantially associated with older age and greater medical severity, FIASMA medication use was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of intubation or death in both crude (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58–0.87, P < 0.001) and primary IPW (HR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.46–0.72, P < 0.001) analyses. This association remained significant in multiple sensitivity analyses and was not specific to one particular FIASMA class or medication. These results show the potential importance of the ASM/ceramide system in COVID‐19 and support the continuation of FIASMA medications in these patients. Double‐blind controlled randomized clinical trials of these medications for COVID‐19 are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela M Reiersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Miriam Abellán
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pedro de la Muela
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphaël Vernet
- Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Public Health Department, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, North Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- Unité de Recherche clinique, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Informatics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- INSERM, U1266 (Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jesús M Alvarado
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMRS 1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR_S1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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13
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Lemogne C, Blacher J, Airagnes G, Hoertel N, Czernichow S, Danchin N, Meneton P, Limosin F, Fiedorowicz JG. Management of Cardiovascular Health in People with Severe Mental Disorders. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 33409804 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review evidence regarding the association between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, henceforth referred to as severe mental disorders (SMD), and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, its mechanisms, and the interventions to reduce this burden. RECENT FINDINGS Much of the loss in life expectancy in people with SMD remains driven by cardiovascular mortality. Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers are associated with negative cardio-metabolic outcomes, but large inter-individual differences are observed, and not treating SMD might be associated with even greater cardiovascular mortality. Classical modifiable cardiovascular risk factors remained inadequately screened and, once identified, too seldom treated in people with SMD. After a myocardial infarction, aggressive tertiary prevention may be as effective in people with SMD as in the general population but is less prescribed. Reduced healthcare quality and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors may not fully explain the excess cardiovascular mortality associated with SMDs, which themselves should be considered risk factors in risk calculators. Hazardous health behaviors, the cardio-metabolic adverse effects of medications, and a reduced access to quality healthcare remain priority targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lemogne
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France.
| | - Jacques Blacher
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, INSERM, UMS 011 Cohortes Epidémiologiques en Population, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Cardiologie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMRS 1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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14
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Lagou V, Mägi R, Hottenga JJ, Grallert H, Perry JRB, Bouatia-Naji N, Marullo L, Rybin D, Jansen R, Min JL, Dimas AS, Ulrich A, Zudina L, Gådin JR, Jiang L, Faggian A, Bonnefond A, Fadista J, Stathopoulou MG, Isaacs A, Willems SM, Navarro P, Tanaka T, Jackson AU, Montasser ME, O'Connell JR, Bielak LF, Webster RJ, Saxena R, Stafford JM, Pourcain BS, Timpson NJ, Salo P, Shin SY, Amin N, Smith AV, Li G, Verweij N, Goel A, Ford I, Johnson PCD, Johnson T, Kapur K, Thorleifsson G, Strawbridge RJ, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Esko T, Mihailov E, Fall T, Fraser RM, Mahajan A, Kanoni S, Giedraitis V, Kleber ME, Silbernagel G, Meyer J, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ganna A, Sarin AP, Yengo L, Shungin D, Luan J, Horikoshi M, An P, Sanna S, Boettcher Y, Rayner NW, Nolte IM, Zemunik T, Iperen EV, Kovacs P, Hastie ND, Wild SH, McLachlan S, Campbell S, Polasek O, Carlson O, Egan J, Kiess W, Willemsen G, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Dimitriou M, Hicks AA, Rauramaa R, Bandinelli S, Thorand B, Liu Y, Miljkovic I, Lind L, Doney A, Perola M, Hingorani A, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Bennett AJ, Groves CJ, Herder C, Koistinen HA, Kinnunen L, Faire UD, Bakker SJL, Uusitupa M, Palmer CNA, Jukema JW, Sattar N, Pouta A, Snieder H, Boerwinkle E, Pankow JS, Magnusson PK, Krus U, Scapoli C, de Geus EJCN, Blüher M, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Province MA, Abecasis GR, Meigs JB, Hovingh GK, Lindström J, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Dedoussis GV, Bornstein SR, Schwarz PEH, Tönjes A, Winkelmann BR, Boehm BO, März W, Metspalu A, Price JF, Deloukas P, Körner A, Lakka TA, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Saaristo TE, Bergman RN, Tuomilehto J, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Männistö S, Franks PW, Hayward C, Vitart V, Kaprio J, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Altshuler D, Rudan I, Stumvoll M, Campbell H, van Duijn CM, Gieger C, Illig T, Ferrucci L, Pedersen NL, Pramstaller PP, Boehnke M, Frayling TM, Shuldiner AR, Peyser PA, Kardia SLR, Palmer LJ, Penninx BW, Meneton P, Harris TB, Navis G, Harst PVD, Smith GD, Forouhi NG, Loos RJF, Salomaa V, Soranzo N, Boomsma DI, Groop L, Tuomi T, Hofman A, Munroe PB, Gudnason V, Siscovick DS, Watkins H, Lecoeur C, Vollenweider P, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Jarvelin MR, Stefansson K, Hamsten A, Nicholson G, Karpe F, Dermitzakis ET, Lindgren CM, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Kaakinen MA, Lyssenko V, Watanabe RM, Ingelsson E, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Barroso I, Morris AP, Prokopenko I. Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 33402679 PMCID: PMC7785747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jouke- Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antigone S Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jesper R Gådin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Longda Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara M Willems
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca J Webster
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departmentartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette M Stafford
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Perttu Salo
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul C D Johnson
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen Kapur
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ross M Fraser
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Synpromics Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Loic Yengo
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Boettcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Susan Campbell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Olga Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josephine Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wieland Kiess
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex Doney
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Dept of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- IMM Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MiI, USA
| | - Patrik K Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eco J C N de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine, Division for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore and Imperial College London, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antje Körner
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirkka M Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo E Saaristo
- Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Units of Medicine and Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, UVSQ, UMRS 1018, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lyle J Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Geriatric Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leif Groop
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for healthy ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and HPA-MRC Center, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institue of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation.
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15
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Hamieh N, Kab S, Zins M, Blacher J, Meneton P, Empana JP, Hoertel N, Limosin F, Goldberg M, Melchior M, Lemogne C. Depressive symptoms and non-adherence to treatable cardiovascular risk factors' medications in the CONSTANCES cohort. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2020; 7:280-286. [PMID: 33200205 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Depression is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the role of poor medical adherence is mostly unknown. We studied the association between depressive symptoms and non-adherence to medications targeting treatable cardiovascular risk factors in the CONSTANCES population-based French cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS We used CONSTANCES data linked to the French national healthcare database to study the prospective association between depressive symptoms (assessed at inclusion with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale) and non-adherence to medications (less than 80% of trimesters with at least one drug dispensed) treating type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia over 36 months of follow-up. Binary logistic regression models were adjusted for socio-demographics, body mass index, and personal history of CVD at inclusion. Among 4998 individuals with hypertension, 793 with diabetes, and 3692 with dyslipidaemia at baseline, respectively 13.1% vs. 11.5%, 10.5% vs. 5.8%, and 29.0% vs. 27.1% of those depressed vs. those non-depressed were non-adherent over the first 18 months of follow-up (15.9% vs. 13.6%, 11.1% vs. 7.4%, and 34.8% vs. 36.6% between 19 and 36 months). Adjusting for all covariates, depressive symptoms were neither associated with non-adherence to medications for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia over the first 18 months of follow-up, nor afterwards. Depressive symptoms were only associated with non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications between the first 3-6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION Non-adherence to medications targeting treatable cardiovascular risk factors is unlikely to explain much of the association between depressive symptoms and CVD at a population level. Clinicians are urged to search for and treat depression in individuals with diabetes to foster medications adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hamieh
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, Paris F75012, France
| | - Sofiane Kab
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Blacher
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMRS 1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Team 4 Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Frederic Limosin
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, Paris F75012, France
| | - Cedric Lemogne
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, Paris, France
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16
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Agher D, Fouque M, Brandi M, Sedki K, Tsopra R, Meneton P, Despres S, Jaulent MC. Decision Support System for Selection of e-Health Interventions. Stud Health Technol Inform 2020; 272:326-329. [PMID: 32604668 DOI: 10.3233/shti200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to design a decision support system for effective personalized cardiovascular risk prevention: i) to identify behavioral groups associated with clinical risk factors, ii) to provide recommendations associated with the objective to be achieved and iii) to determine the decision-making rules assigning each group to the type of mobile health intervention conveying the most appropriate prevention messages, to help patients to achieve attainable goals. The system is based on an existing data prediction model taking into account specific risky behaviors, clinical risk factors and social status, and it is embedded in a new e-health application. The system is operational. The next step will be the design of a large study to assess improvements in patient adherence to prevention messages through e-health interventions selected by the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahbia Agher
- INSERM, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France
- BeWellConnect, 75116 Paris, France
| | - Marc Fouque
- INSERM, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Brandi
- INSERM, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Karima Sedki
- INSERM, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Rosy Tsopra
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
- Department of Medical Informatics, Hospital European Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Despres
- INSERM, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Jaulent
- INSERM, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France
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17
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Plessz M, Ezdi S, Airagnes G, Parizot I, Ribet C, Goldberg M, Zins M, Meneton P. Association between unemployment and the co-occurrence and clustering of common risky health behaviors: Findings from the Constances cohort. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232262. [PMID: 32374756 PMCID: PMC7202648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unemployment is associated with a high prevalence of risky health behaviors. Mortality increases with the number of co-occurring risky behaviors but whether these behaviors co-occur with a greater than expected frequency (clustering) among unemployed people is not known. Methods Differences according to unemployment status in co-occurrence and clustering of smoking, alcohol abuse, low leisure-time physical activity and unhealthy diet (marked by low fruit and vegetable intake) were assessed in 65,630 salaried workers, aged 18 to 65, who were participants in Constances, a French population-based cohort. Among them, 4573 (7.0%) were unemployed without (n = 3160, 4.8%) or with (n = 1413, 2.1%) past experience of unemployment. Results Compared to the employed, unemployed participants without or with past experience of unemployment were similarly overexposed to each risky behavior (sex and age adjusted odds-ratios ranging from 1.38 to 2.19) except for low physical activity, resulting in higher rates of co-occurrence of two, three and four behaviors (relative risk ratios, RRR 1.20 to 3.74). Association between behavior co-occurrence and unemployment did not vary across gender, partnership status or income category. Risky behavior clustering, i.e., higher than expected co-occurrence rates based on the prevalence of each behavior, was similar across unemployment status. The same observations can be made in employed participants with past experience of unemployment, although overexposure to risky behaviors (ORs 1.15 to 1.38) and increased rates of co-occurrence (ORs 1.19 to 1.58) were not as pronounced as in the unemployed. Conclusions Co-occurrence of risky behaviors in currently and/or formerly unemployed workers is not worsened by behavior clustering. Engagement in each of these behaviors should be considered an engagement in distinct social practices, with consequences for preventive policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Plessz
- Centre Maurice Halbwachs (EHESS, ENS, CNRS, PSL), INRAE, Paris, France.,Centre Maurice Halbwachs (EHESS, ENS, CNRS, PSL), Paris, France
| | - Sehar Ezdi
- Centre Maurice Halbwachs (EHESS, ENS, CNRS, PSL), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France.,UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Céline Ribet
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- UMR 1142 LIMICS, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
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18
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Hamieh N, Meneton P, Zins M, Goldberg M, Wiernik E, Empana JP, Limosin F, Melchior M, Lemogne C. Hostility, depression and incident cardiac events in the GAZEL cohort. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:381-386. [PMID: 32056903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological factors such as hostility and depression have been associated with cardiovascular disease. However, their role in predicting incident cardiac events independently one of another is not clear. METHODS Among 10,304 GAZEL middle-aged workers free of cardiovascular diseases in 1993, 581 incident cardiac events were validated from 1994-2014. Hostile traits (cognitive hostility, behavioral hostility, irritability and negativism) were assessed with the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory at baseline. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and every three years with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of hostile traits for incident cardiac events adjusting for baseline self-reported socio-demographics and family history of coronary heart diseases (model 1), then additionally for time-dependent depressive symptoms (either as a binary or continuous variable) (model 2) and for yearly self-reported modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (physical activity, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension) (model 3). RESULTS In Model 1, the only hostile trait associated with incident cardiac events was irritability (HR for one interquartile range: 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.32). This association was no longer statistically significant when further adjusting for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms, in turn, remained significant predictors of cardiac events with HRs ranging from 1.40-1.49 (binary). LIMITATIONS Hostility traits were measured only once. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms might explain the association between irritability and cardiac events and should therefore be prioritized in interventions aiming to prevent cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hamieh
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, F75012, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMRS 1142, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, University of Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Frederic Limosin
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Cedric Lemogne
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris
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19
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Airagnes G, Lemogne C, Meneton P, Plessz M, Goldberg M, Hoertel N, Roquelaure Y, Limosin F, Zins M. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use are associated with job loss at follow-up: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222361. [PMID: 31498849 PMCID: PMC6733456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use is more prevalent among unemployed subjects compared to employed ones. However, quantifying the risk subsequent of job loss at short-term according to substance use remains underexplored as well as examining if this association persist across various sociodemographic and occupational positions previously linked to job loss. We examined this issue prospectively for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis use and their combination, among a large population-based sample of men and women, while taking into account age, gender, overall health status and depressive symptoms. METHODS From the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 18,879 working participants were included between 2012 and 2016. At baseline, alcohol use disorder risk according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (mild, dangerous, problematic or dependence), tobacco (non-smoker, former smoker, 1-9, 10-19, >19 cigarettes/day) and cannabis use (never, not in past year, less than once a month, once a month or more) were assessed. Employment status at one-year (working versus not working) was the dependent variable. Logistic regressions provided Odds Ratios(OR(95%CI)) of job loss at one-year, adjusting for age, gender, self-reported health and depressive state (measured with the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale). Stratified analyses were performed for education, occupational grade, household income, job stress (measured with the Effort-Reward Imbalance), type of job contract, type of work time and history of unemployment. In sensitivity analyses, employment status over a three-year follow-up was used as dependent variable. RESULTS Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were associated with job loss, from the second to the highest category: 1.46(95%CI:1.23-1.73) to 1.92(95%CI:1.34-2.75), 1.26(95%CI:1.09-1.46) to 1.78(95%CI:1.26-2.54) and 1.45(95%CI:1.27-1.66) to 2.68(95%CI:2.10-3.42), respectively, and with dose-dependent relationships (all p for trend <0.001). When introduced simultaneously, associations remained significant for the three substances without any between-substance interactions. Associations remained significant across almost all stratifications and over a three-year follow-up as well as after adjustment for all the sociodemographic and occupational factors. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were independently associated with job loss at short-term, with dose-dependent relationships. This knowledge will help refining information and prevention strategies. Importantly, even moderate levels of alcohol, tobacco or cannabis use are associated with job loss at short-term and all sociodemographic and occupational positions are potentially concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Airagnes
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1168, VIMA, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- UMR 1142, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Plessz
- UMR 1142, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- UMR 1085, Ester, Irest Inserm, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1168, VIMA, Inserm, Villejuif, France
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20
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Cardoso S, Aimé X, Meininger V, Grabli D, Meneton P, Charlet J. Using Equivalent Classes of an Ontology to Understand Care Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Stud Health Technol Inform 2019; 262:93-96. [PMID: 31349274 DOI: 10.3233/shti190025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand the home-based difficulties encountered in the health care pathways of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), we must annotate a large amount of textual data, from a database created by the ALS Île de France coordination network. For this purpose, we have developed a modular ontology, consisting of four modules, and a semantic annotation tool integrating the created ontology. The specificity of our approach is the creation of equivalent classes at different levels of the ontology. These equivalent classes represent variables of interest allowing a statistical approach and a clinical analysis of comprehension of care pathways ruptures causing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cardoso
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Univ. Paris 13, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Aimé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Univ. Paris 13, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | | | - David Grabli
- AP-HP Pitié Salpêtrière, Dépt des maladies du Système Nerveux, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meneton
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Univ. Paris 13, LIMICS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Charlet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Univ. Paris 13, LIMICS, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DRCI, Paris, France
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21
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Hamieh N, Meneton P, Wiernik E, Limosin F, Zins M, Goldberg M, Melchior M, Lemogne C. Depression, treatable cardiovascular risk factors and incident cardiac events in the Gazel cohort. Int J Cardiol 2019; 284:90-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Ugon A, Jobez E, Falcoff H, Jaulent MC, Meneton P, Favre M, Tsopra R. Modular Knowledge-Based Decision Support System Dedicated to a Cooperative Decision to Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases. Stud Health Technol Inform 2018; 255:200-204. [PMID: 30306936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of artificial intelligence solutions in the recent years, physicians are still reticent to use integrated functionalities to support their decision. Methods used to create these functionalities can be divided into two groups, each being associated to different questions. Data-based methods are seen as black boxes for which it is impossible to understand how the decision is taken; knowledge-based methods need to rely on formalized knowledge sources on the basis of evidence, which can be discussed and criticized by physicians for their use in real life. This paper presents a new modular decision support system for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, based on knowledge and on cooperative decision between the patient and the physician. The decision support system is based on two layers: (i) the first layer is a knowledge-based module which generates automatically patient profile, and prevention strategies associated to the profile; (ii) the second layer is a dynamic collaborative graphic user interface which displayed information about the risks of treatment adherence failure, personalized motivation and follow-up strategies. In the future, we aim at assessing the platform in real life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Jobez
- Société de Formation Thérapeutique du Généraliste, France
| | - Hector Falcoff
- Société de Formation Thérapeutique du Généraliste, France
| | - Marie-Christine Jaulent
- LIMICS, INSERM UMRS 1142, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93017 Bobigny, France UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Paris
| | - Pierre Meneton
- LIMICS, INSERM UMRS 1142, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93017 Bobigny, France UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Paris
| | | | - Rosy Tsopra
- LIMICS, INSERM UMRS 1142, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93017 Bobigny, France UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Paris
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23
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Meneton P, Lemogne C, Herquelot E, Bonenfant S, Czernichow S, Ménard J, Goldberg M, Zins M. Primary Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Predicted by Poor Working Conditions in the GAZEL Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:815-823. [PMID: 28525584 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which work environment might influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are still a matter of debate. In particular, the involvement of the main behavioral and clinical risk factors and their relationships with working conditions are not always clear, despite an abundant body of literature. Most studies have investigated the impact of a limited number of characteristics of the work environment on the occurrence of 1 or a few risk factors. In contrast, in this study we used a global approach in which 30 objective and subjective indicators of working conditions were tested as predictors of 9 modifiable CVD risk factors in a well-characterized cohort of 20,625 middle-aged French workers who were followed from the 1990s until they retired or until December 31, 2013. The incidence of 3 CVD risk factors (obesity, sleep complaints, and depression) was predicted by a large number of indicators of working conditions in both age- and sex-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted Cox regression models, whatever the significance threshold retained. These results suggest the existence of close relationships between a poor work environment and a higher risk of developing obesity, sleep complaints, or depression. These risk factors may contribute to increased CVD risk not only when workers are exposed to poor working conditions but also after retirement, as predictors of the appearance of other risk factors.
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25
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Lemogne C, Meneton P, Wiernik E, Quesnot A, Consoli SM, Ducimetière P, Nabi H, Empana JP, Hoertel N, Limosin F, Goldberg M, Zins M. When Blue-Collars Feel Blue. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017; 10:CIRCOUTCOMES.116.002767. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The association of psychological variables with cardiovascular health might depend on socioeconomic status. We examined the moderating effect of occupational grade on the association between depression and incident cardiac events among middle-aged workers from the GAZEL cohort.
Methods and Results—
A total of 10 541 participants (7855 men, mean age: 47.8±3.5 years) free of cardiovascular diseases completed the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale in 1993. Age, sex, and occupational grade (low, medium, and high) were obtained from company records. Classical cardiovascular risk factors were self-reported. All participants were followed-up for medically certified cardiac events from January 1994 to December 2014. Associations between baseline variables and incident cardiac events were estimated with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals computed in Cox regressions. After a median follow-up of 21 years, 592 (5.6%) participants had a cardiac event. There was a significant interaction between depression and occupational grade in both age- and sex-adjusted (
P
=0.008) and multiadjusted (
P
=0.009) models. This interaction was mainly explained by an association between depression and incident cardiac events that prevailed among participants of low occupational grade (3.71 versus 1.96 events per 1000 person-years among those depressed versus nondepressed, multiadjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals], 1.99 [1.12–3.48]).
Conclusions—
From a research perspective, these results may account for previous conflicting results and constitute an impetus for reanalyzing previous data sets, taking into account the moderating role of socioeconomic status. From a clinical perspective, they urge clinicians and policy makers to consider depressive symptoms and low socioeconomic status as synergistic cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lemogne
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Pierre Meneton
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Ariane Quesnot
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Silla M. Consoli
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Pierre Ducimetière
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Hermann Nabi
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Marie Zins
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
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Ehret GB, Ferreira T, Chasman DI, Jackson AU, Schmidt EM, Johnson T, Thorleifsson G, Luan J, Donnelly LA, Kanoni S, Petersen AK, Pihur V, Strawbridge RJ, Shungin D, Hughes MF, Meirelles O, Kaakinen M, Bouatia-Naji N, Kristiansson K, Shah S, Kleber ME, Guo X, Lyytikäinen LP, Fava C, Eriksson N, Nolte IM, Magnusson PK, Salfati EL, Rallidis LS, Theusch E, Smith AJ, Folkersen L, Witkowska K, Pers TH, Joehanes R, Kim SK, Lataniotis L, Jansen R, Johnson AD, Warren H, Kim YJ, Zhao W, Wu Y, Tayo BO, Bochud M, Absher D, Adair LS, Amin N, Arking DE, Axelsson T, Baldassarre D, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Barnes MR, Barroso I, Bevan S, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Boomsma DI, Bornstein SR, Brown MJ, Burnier M, Cabrera CP, Chambers JC, Chang IS, Cheng CY, Chines PS, Chung RH, Collins FS, Connell JM, Döring A, Dallongeville J, Danesh J, de Faire U, Delgado G, Dominiczak AF, Doney AS, Drenos F, Edkins S, Eicher JD, Elosua R, Enroth S, Erdmann J, Eriksson P, Esko T, Evangelou E, Evans A, Fall T, Farrall M, Felix JF, Ferrières J, Ferrucci L, Fornage M, Forrester T, Franceschini N, Duran OHF, Franco-Cereceda A, Fraser RM, Ganesh SK, Gao H, Gertow K, Gianfagna F, Gigante B, Giulianini F, Goel A, Goodall AH, Goodarzi MO, Gorski M, Gräßler J, Groves C, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hassinen M, Havulinna AS, Hayward C, Hercberg S, Herzig KH, Hicks AA, Hingorani AD, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Holmen J, Holmen OL, Hottenga JJ, Howard P, Hsiung CA, Hunt SC, Ikram MA, Illig T, Iribarren C, Jensen RA, Kähönen M, Kang H, Kathiresan S, Keating BJ, Khaw KT, Kim YK, Kim E, Kivimaki M, Klopp N, Kolovou G, Komulainen P, Kooner JS, Kosova G, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kutalik Z, Kuusisto J, Kvaløy K, Lakka TA, Lee NR, Lee IT, Lee WJ, Levy D, Li X, Liang KW, Lin H, Lin L, Lindström J, Lobbens S, Männistö S, Müller G, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mach F, Markus HS, Marouli E, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Menni C, Metspalu A, Mijatovic V, Moilanen L, Montasser ME, Morris AD, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nikus K, O'Donnell CJ, O'Reilly PF, Ong KK, Paccaud F, Palmer CD, Parsa A, Pedersen NL, Penninx BW, Perola M, Peters A, Poulter N, Pramstaller PP, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rao DC, Rasheed A, Rayner NWN, Renström F, Rettig R, Rice KM, Roberts R, Rose LM, Rossouw J, Samani NJ, Sanna S, Saramies J, Schunkert H, Sebert S, Sheu WHH, Shin YA, Sim X, Smit JH, Smith AV, Sosa MX, Spector TD, Stančáková A, Stanton A, Stirrups KE, Stringham HM, Sundstrom J, Swift AJ, Syvänen AC, Tai ES, Tanaka T, Tarasov KV, Teumer A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tobin MD, Tremoli E, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Vaez A, Vaidya D, van Duijn CM, van Iperen EP, Vasan RS, Verwoert GC, Virtamo J, Vitart V, Voight BF, Vollenweider P, Wagner A, Wain LV, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Weder AB, Westra HJ, Wilks R, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Wong TY, Yang TP, Yao J, Yengo L, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhu X, Bovet P, Cooper RS, Mohlke KL, Saleheen D, Lee JY, Elliott P, Gierman HJ, Willer CJ, Franke L, Hovingh GK, Taylor KD, Dedoussis G, Sever P, Wong A, Lind L, Assimes TL, Njølstad I, Schwarz PEH, Langenberg C, Snieder H, Caulfield MJ, Melander O, Laakso M, Saltevo J, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J, Ingelsson E, Lehtimäki T, Hveem K, Palmas W, März W, Kumari M, Salomaa V, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Froguel P, Jarvelin MR, Lakatta EG, Kuulasmaa K, Franks PW, Hamsten A, Wichmann HE, Palmer CN, Stefansson K, Ridker PM, Loos RJ, Chakravarti A, Deloukas P, Morris AP, Newton-Cheh C, Munroe PB. The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1171-1184. [PMID: 27618452 PMCID: PMC5042863 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry, and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure-associated loci, of which 17 were new; 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target organ damage in multiple tissues but with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure-related pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classical renal system in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg B. Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lousie A. Donnelly
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vasyl Pihur
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Maria F. Hughes
- Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT126JP, UK
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- University Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'Ecole de medicine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonia Shah
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Cristiano Fava
- University of Lund, Dept Internal Medicine, Malmo, SE 20502, Sweden
- University of Verona, Dept of Internal Medicine, Verona, Italy 37134
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala University, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias L. Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Loukianos S. Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Andrew J.P. Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kate Witkowska
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tune H. Pers
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic, Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roby Joehanes
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Stuart K. Kim
- Dept. Dev. Bio. And Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lazaros Lataniotis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Helen Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennyslvania, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35086, USA
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E. Arking
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, URMS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Michael R. Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Stephen Bevan
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Morris J. Brown
- The Barts Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michel Burnier
- Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia P. Cabrera
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John M. Connell
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | | | - John Danesh
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna F. Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QT, UK
| | - Alex S.F. Doney
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
| | - John D. Eicher
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics. IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universiät zu Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Divisions of Endocrinology/Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Alun Evans
- Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT126JP, UK
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Farrall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Janine F. Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital, INSERM UMR1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oscar H. Franco Duran
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Ross M. Fraser
- Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Synpromics Ltd, 9 Bioquarter, Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, Scotland
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- University of Michigan Medical School, 7220 MSRB III, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- EPIMED Research Centre - Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alison H. Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gräßler
- Department of Medicine III, Division Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija Hassinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Serge Hercberg
- UREN, INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM, SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, 39100, Italy - affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
- St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Howard
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Chao A. Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Human Genetics, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Richard A. Jensen
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Kim
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center 356, Sygrou Ave, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Ducane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gulum Kosova
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc., Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Honghuang Lin
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Jaana Lindström
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriele Müller
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 81377, Germany
| | - François Mach
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- Neurology Unit, University of Cambridge, R3, Box 83, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cb2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Vladan Mijatovic
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monseratto, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Ramaiah Nagaraja
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul F. O'Reilly
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fred Paccaud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Genetics and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Department of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenda W. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, 39100, Italy - affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dabeeru C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N William N.W.R. Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kenneth M. Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Roberts
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre Ontario, Canada
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Ave., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monseratto, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), München, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, Germany
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Center For Life-course Health Research, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Wayne H.-H. Sheu
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ah Shin
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597
| | - Johannes H. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maria X. Sosa
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alice Stanton
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kathleen E. Stirrups
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johan Sundstrom
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - E-Shyong Tai
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Kirill V. Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of internal medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre of Medical Systems Biology (CMSB 1-2), NGI Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik P.A. van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Preventive medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
| | - Germaine C. Verwoert
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alan B. Weder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Rainford Wilks
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - James F. Wilson
- Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - Tsun-Po Yang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Loic Yengo
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Hinco J. Gierman
- Dept. Dev. Bio. And Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Enterprise Informatics, Illumina Inc., Santa Clara CA, 95050, USA
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9711, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Dept Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter EH. Schwarz
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- University of Lund, Dept Internal Medicine, Malmo, SE 20502, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Saltevo
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, P5, 7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Center For Life-course Health Research, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 81377, Germany
- Grosshadern, Klinikum, München 81377, Germany
| | - Colin N.A. Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child health Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Meneton P, Lemogne C, Herquelot E, Bonenfant S, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Ménard J, Goldberg M, Zins M. A Global View of the Relationships between the Main Behavioural and Clinical Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the GAZEL Prospective Cohort. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162386. [PMID: 27598908 PMCID: PMC5012694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been recognized for a long time that the predisposition to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is determined by many risk factors and despite the common use of algorithms incorporating several of these factors to predict the overall risk, there has yet been no global description of the complex way in which CVD risk factors interact with each other. This is the aim of the present study which investigated all existing relationships between the main CVD risk factors in a well-characterized occupational cohort. Prospective associations between 12 behavioural and clinical risk factors (gender, age, parental history of CVD, non-moderate alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, sleep disorder, depression) were systematically tested using Cox regression in 10,736 middle-aged individuals free of CVD at baseline and followed over 20 years. In addition to independently predicting CVD risk (HRs from 1.18 to 1.97 in multivariable models), these factors form a vast network of associations where each factor predicts, and/or is predicted by, several other factors (n = 47 with p<0.05, n = 37 with p<0.01, n = 28 with p<0.001, n = 22 with p<0.0001). Both the number of factors associated with a given factor (1 to 9) and the strength of the associations (HRs from 1.10 to 6.12 in multivariable models) are very variable, suggesting that all the factors do not have the same influence within this network. These results show that there is a remarkably extensive network of relationships between the main CVD risk factors which may have not been sufficiently taken into account, notably in preventive strategies aiming to lower CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Martin G. Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Joël Ménard
- INSERM/AP-HP CIC1418, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Zins
- INSERM UVSQ UMS 011 and UMR-S 1168 VIMA, Villejuif, France
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28
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Lieb W, Chen MH, Teumer A, de Boer RA, Lin H, Fox ER, Musani SK, Wilson JG, Wang TJ, Völzke H, Petersen AK, Meisinger C, Nauck M, Schlesinger S, Li Y, Menard J, Hercberg S, Wichmann HE, Völker U, Rawal R, Bidlingmaier M, Hannemann A, Dörr M, Rettig R, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Bakker SJL, Navis G, Wallaschofski H, Meneton P, van der Harst P, Reincke M, Vasan RS. Genome-wide meta-analyses of plasma renin activity and concentration reveal association with the kininogen 1 and prekallikrein genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:131-40. [PMID: 25477429 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is critical for regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance and influences cardiovascular remodeling. Dysregulation of the RAAS contributes to cardiovascular and renal morbidity. The genetic architecture of circulating RAAS components is incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We meta-analyzed genome-wide association data for plasma renin activity (n=5275), plasma renin concentrations (n=8014), and circulating aldosterone (n=13289) from ≤4 population-based cohorts of European and European-American ancestry, and assessed replication of the top results in an independent sample (n=6487). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2 independent loci displayed associations with plasma renin activity at genome-wide significance (P<5×10(-8)). A third locus was close to this threshold (rs4253311 in kallikrein B [KLKB1], P=5.5×10(-8)). Two of these loci replicated in an independent sample for both plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations (SNP rs5030062 in kininogen 1 [KNG1]: P=0.001 for plasma renin, P=0.024 for plasma aldosterone concentration; and rs4253311 with P<0.001 for both plasma renin and aldosterone concentration). SNPs in the NEBL gene reached genome-wide significance for plasma renin concentration in the discovery sample (top SNP rs3915911; P=8.81×10(-9)), but did not replicate (P=0.81). No locus reached genome-wide significance for aldosterone. SNPs rs5030062 and rs4253311 were not related to blood pressure or renal traits; in a companion study, variants in the kallikrein B locus were associated with B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in blacks. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 genetic loci (kininogen 1 and kallikrein B) influencing key components of the RAAS, consistent with the close interrelation between the kallikrein-kinin system and the RAAS.
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29
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Meneton P, Kesse-Guyot E, Méjean C, Fezeu L, Galan P, Hercberg S, Ménard J. Unemployment is associated with high cardiovascular event rate and increased all-cause mortality in middle-aged socially privileged individuals. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:707-16. [PMID: 25385250 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess prospectively the association between employment status and cardiovascular health outcomes in socially privileged individuals. METHODS The incidence of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality rate were monitored during 12 years in a national sample of 5,852 French volunteers, aged 45-64 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease or other overt disease at baseline. The association between health outcomes and employment status was tested using Cox proportional modelling with adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS Compared to randomly selected individuals, these volunteers were characterized by higher education level and socio-economic status and lower cardiovascular risk and mortality rate. A total of 242 cardiovascular events (3.5 events per 1,000 person-years) and 152 deaths from all causes (2.2 deaths per 1,000 person-years) occurred during follow-up. After adjustment for age and gender, both cardiovascular event risk [HR (95% CI) 1.84 (1.15-2.83), p = 0.01] and all-cause mortality [2.79 (1.66-4.47), p = 0.0002] were increased in unemployed individuals compared to workers. These poor health outcomes were observed to the same extent after further adjustment for clinical, behavioural and socio-demographic characteristics of individuals at baseline [HR (95% CI) 1.74 (1.07-2.72), p = 0.03 and 2.89 (1.70-4.69), p = 0.0002, respectively]. In contrast, neither cardiovascular event risk nor all-cause mortality was significantly increased in retired individuals compared to workers after adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS These results support the existence of a link between unemployment and poor cardiovascular health and suggest that this link is not mediated by conventional risk factors in middle-aged socially privileged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, Campus des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France,
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30
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Ganesh S, Chasman D, Larson M, Guo X, Verwoert G, Bis J, Gu X, Smith A, Yang ML, Zhang Y, Ehret G, Rose L, Hwang SJ, Papanicolau G, Sijbrands E, Rice K, Eiriksdottir G, Pihur V, Ridker P, Vasan R, Newton-Cheh C, Raffel LJ, Amin N, Rotter JI, Liu K, Launer LJ, Xu M, Caulfield M, Morrison AC, Johnson AD, Vaidya D, Dehghan A, Li G, Bouchard C, Harris TB, Zhang H, Boerwinkle E, Siscovick DS, Gao W, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Willer CJ, Franco OH, Huo Y, Witteman JC, Munroe PB, Gudnason V, Palmas W, van Duijn C, Fornage M, Levy D, Psaty BM, Chakravarti A, Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V, Tobin M, Bochud M, Coin L, Najjar S, Zhao J, Heath S, Eyheramendy S, Papadakis K, Voight B, Scott L, Zhang F, Farrall M, Tanaka T, Wallace C, Chambers J, Khaw KT, Nilsson P, van der Harst P, Polidoro S, Grobbee D, Onland-Moret N, Bots M, Wain L, Elliott K, Teumer A, Luan J, Lucas G, Kuusisto J, Burton P, Hadley D, McArdle W, Brown M, Dominiczak A, Newhouse S, Samani N, Webster J, Zeggini E, Beckmann J, Bergmann S, Lim N, Song K, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth D, Yuan X, Groop L, Orho-Melander M, Allione A, Di Gregorio A, Guarrera S, Panico S, Ricceri F, Romanazzi V, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Barroso I, Sandhu M, Luben R, Crawford G, Jousilahti P, Perola M, Boehnke M, Bonnycastle L, Collins F, Jackson A, Mohlke K, Stringham H, Valle T, Willer C, Bergman R, Morken M, Döring A, Gieger C, Illig T, Meitinger T, Org E, Pfeufer A, Wichmann H, Kathiresan S, Marrugat J, O’Donnell C, Schwartz S, Siscovick D, Subirana I, Freimer N, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy M, O’Reilly P, Peltonen L, Pouta A, de Jong P, Snieder H, van Gilst W, Clarke R, Goel A, Hamsten A, Peden J, Seedorf U, Syvänen AC, Tognoni G, Lakatta E, Sanna S, Scheet P, Schlessinger D, Scuteri A, Dörr M, Ernst F, Felix S, Homuth G, Lorbeer R, Reffelmann T, Rettig R, Völker U, Galan P, Gut I, Hercberg S, Lathrop G, Zeleneka D, Deloukas P, Soranzo N, Williams F, Zhai G, Salomaa V, Laakso M, Elosua R, Forouhi N, Völzke H, Uiterwaal C, van der Schouw Y, Numans M, Matullo G, Navis G, Berglund G, Bingham S, Kooner J, Paterson A, Connell J, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Watkins H, Spector T, Tuomilehto J, Altshuler D, Strachan D, Laan M, Meneton P, Wareham N, Uda M, Jarvelin MR, Mooser V, Melander O, Loos R, Elliott P, Abecasis G, Caulfield M, Munroe P. Effects of long-term averaging of quantitative blood pressure traits on the detection of genetic associations. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:49-65. [PMID: 24975945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable, quantitative trait with intraindividual variability and susceptibility to measurement error. Genetic studies of BP generally use single-visit measurements and thus cannot remove variability occurring over months or years. We leveraged the idea that averaging BP measured across time would improve phenotypic accuracy and thereby increase statistical power to detect genetic associations. We studied systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) averaged over multiple years in 46,629 individuals of European ancestry. We identified 39 trait-variant associations across 19 independent loci (p < 5 × 10(-8)); five associations (in four loci) uniquely identified by our LTA analyses included those of SBP and MAP at 2p23 (rs1275988, near KCNK3), DBP at 2q11.2 (rs7599598, in FER1L5), and PP at 6p21 (rs10948071, near CRIP3) and 7p13 (rs2949837, near IGFBP3). Replication analyses conducted in cohorts with single-visit BP data showed positive replication of associations and a nominal association (p < 0.05). We estimated a 20% gain in statistical power with long-term average (LTA) as compared to single-visit BP association studies. Using LTA analysis, we identified genetic loci influencing BP. LTA might be one way of increasing the power of genetic associations for continuous traits in extant samples for other phenotypes that are measured serially over time.
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31
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Simino J, Shi G, Bis JC, Chasman DI, Ehret GB, Gu X, Guo X, Hwang SJ, Sijbrands E, Smith AV, Verwoert GC, Bragg-Gresham JL, Cadby G, Chen P, Cheng CY, Corre T, de Boer RA, Goel A, Johnson T, Khor CC, Lluís-Ganella C, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Nolte IM, Sim X, Sõber S, van der Most PJ, Verweij N, Zhao JH, Amin N, Boerwinkle E, Bouchard C, Dehghan A, Eiriksdottir G, Elosua R, Franco OH, Gieger C, Harris TB, Hercberg S, Hofman A, James AL, Johnson AD, Kähönen M, Khaw KT, Kutalik Z, Larson MG, Launer LJ, Li G, Liu J, Liu K, Morrison AC, Navis G, Ong RTH, Papanicolau GJ, Penninx BW, Psaty BM, Raffel LJ, Raitakari OT, Rice K, Rivadeneira F, Rose LM, Sanna S, Scott RA, Siscovick DS, Stolk RP, Uitterlinden AG, Vaidya D, van der Klauw MM, Vasan RS, Vithana EN, Völker U, Völzke H, Watkins H, Young TL, Aung T, Bochud M, Farrall M, Hartman CA, Laan M, Lakatta EG, Lehtimäki T, Loos RJF, Lucas G, Meneton P, Palmer LJ, Rettig R, Snieder H, Tai ES, Teo YY, van der Harst P, Wareham NJ, Wijmenga C, Wong TY, Fornage M, Gudnason V, Levy D, Palmas W, Ridker PM, Rotter JI, van Duijn CM, Witteman JCM, Chakravarti A, Rao DC. Gene-age interactions in blood pressure regulation: a large-scale investigation with the CHARGE, Global BPgen, and ICBP Consortia. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:24-38. [PMID: 24954895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although age-dependent effects on blood pressure (BP) have been reported, they have not been systematically investigated in large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We leveraged the infrastructure of three well-established consortia (CHARGE, GBPgen, and ICBP) and a nonstandard approach (age stratification and metaregression) to conduct a genome-wide search of common variants with age-dependent effects on systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP), and pulse (PP) pressure. In a two-staged design using 99,241 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 20 genome-wide significant (p ≤ 5 × 10(-8)) loci by using joint tests of the SNP main effect and SNP-age interaction. Nine of the significant loci demonstrated nominal evidence of age-dependent effects on BP by tests of the interactions alone. Index SNPs in the EHBP1L1 (DBP and MAP), CASZ1 (SBP and MAP), and GOSR2 (PP) loci exhibited the largest age interactions, with opposite directions of effect in the young versus the old. The changes in the genetic effects over time were small but nonnegligible (up to 1.58 mm Hg over 60 years). The EHBP1L1 locus was discovered through gene-age interactions only in whites but had DBP main effects replicated (p = 8.3 × 10(-4)) in 8,682 Asians from Singapore, indicating potential interethnic heterogeneity. A secondary analysis revealed 22 loci with evidence of age-specific effects (e.g., only in 20 to 29-year-olds). Age can be used to select samples with larger genetic effect sizes and more homogenous phenotypes, which may increase statistical power. Age-dependent effects identified through novel statistical approaches can provide insight into the biology and temporal regulation underlying BP associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Simino
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gang Shi
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georg B Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Xiangjun Gu
- Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Germaine C Verwoert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gemma Cadby
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Carla Lluís-Ganella
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 30101, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33101, Finland
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xueling Sim
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Siim Sõber
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Serge Hercberg
- U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Twee-Hee Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - George J Papanicolau
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute/Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZD Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Pacific Theatres, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lynda M Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ronald P Stolk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherland Genomics Inititiative, Netherlands Center for Healthy Aging, The Hague 2509, the Netherlands
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Melanie M van der Klauw
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Divisions of Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Eranga Nishanthie Vithana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Farrall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center for Pathology of Emotions, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maris Laan
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 21224, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 30101, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33101, Finland
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gavin Lucas
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France
| | - Lyle J Palmer
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Greifswald, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University Health System and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, 3501 DG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherland Genomics Inititiative, Netherlands Center for Healthy Aging, The Hague 2509, the Netherlands; Netherland Genomics Initiative, Centre for Medical Systems Biology, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline C M Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Mathematics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Willer CJ, Schmidt EM, Sengupta S, Peloso GM, Gustafsson S, Kanoni S, Ganna A, Chen J, Buchkovich ML, Mora S, Beckmann JS, Bragg-Gresham JL, Chang HY, Demirkan A, Den Hertog HM, Do R, Donnelly LA, Ehret GB, Esko T, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Fischer K, Fontanillas P, Fraser RM, Freitag DF, Gurdasani D, Heikkilä K, Hyppönen E, Isaacs A, Jackson AU, Johansson Å, Johnson T, Kaakinen M, Kettunen J, Kleber ME, Li X, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Magnusson PK, Mangino M, Mihailov E, Montasser ME, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, O’Connell JR, Palmer CD, Perola M, Petersen AK, Sanna S, Saxena R, Service SK, Shah S, Shungin D, Sidore C, Song C, Strawbridge RJ, Surakka I, Tanaka T, Teslovich TM, Thorleifsson G, Van den Herik EG, Voight BF, Volcik KA, Waite LL, Wong A, Wu Y, Zhang W, Absher D, Asiki G, Barroso I, Been LF, Bolton JL, Bonnycastle LL, Brambilla P, Burnett MS, Cesana G, Dimitriou M, Doney AS, Döring A, Elliott P, Epstein SE, Ingi Eyjolfsson G, Gigante B, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Gravito ML, Groves CJ, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hicks AA, Holm H, Hung YJ, Illig T, Jones MR, Kaleebu P, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Kim E, Klopp N, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Langenberg C, Lehtimäki T, Lin SY, Lindström J, Loos RJ, Mach F, McArdle WL, Meisinger C, Mitchell BD, Müller G, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nieminen TV, Nsubuga RN, Olafsson I, Ong KK, Palotie A, Papamarkou T, Pomilla C, Pouta A, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Ridker PM, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Samani N, Scharnagl H, Seeley J, Silander K, Stančáková A, Stirrups K, Swift AJ, Tiret L, Uitterlinden AG, van Pelt LJ, Vedantam S, Wainwright N, Wijmenga C, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Young EH, Zhao JH, Adair LS, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Bennett F, Bochud M, Boehm BO, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Bornstein SR, Bovet P, Burnier M, Campbell H, Chakravarti A, Chambers JC, Chen YDI, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Danesh J, Dedoussis G, de Faire U, Feranil AB, Ferrières J, Ferrucci L, Freimer NB, Gieger C, Groop LC, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hamsten A, Harris TB, Hingorani A, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Hovingh GK, Hsiung CA, Humphries SE, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Iribarren C, Järvelin MR, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kaprio J, Kesäniemi A, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Koudstaal PJ, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Martin NG, März W, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Metspalu A, Moilanen L, Morris AD, Munroe PB, Njølstad I, Pedersen NL, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Price JF, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rauramaa R, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Sanghera DK, Saramies J, Schwarz PE, Sheu WHH, Shuldiner AR, Siegbahn A, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Strachan DP, Tayo BO, Tremoli E, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, Wallentin L, Wareham NJ, Whitfield JB, Wolffenbuttel BH, Ordovas JM, Boerwinkle E, Palmer CN, Thorsteinsdottir U, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Franks PW, Ripatti S, Cupples LA, Sandhu MS, Rich SS, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Kathiresan S, Mohlke KL, Ingelsson E, Abecasis GR. Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1274-1283. [PMID: 24097068 PMCID: PMC3838666 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2104] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 × 10(-8), including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sebanti Sengupta
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Gina M. Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacques S. Beckmann
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ron Do
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Louise A. Donnelly
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Georg B. Ehret
- Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ross M. Fraser
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F. Freitag
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Toby Johnson
- Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - May E. Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey R. O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Richa Saxena
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan K. Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sonia Shah
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, 07100 SS, Italy
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tanya M. Teslovich
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly A. Volcik
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Gershim Asiki
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Latonya F. Been
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Bolton
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Mary S. Burnett
- MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Research Centre on Public Health, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Alex S.F. Doney
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Paul Elliott
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Stephen E. Epstein
- MedStar Health Research Institute, 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | | | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martha L. Gravito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Christopher J. Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michelle R. Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - John J.P. Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Kim
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at ount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - François Mach
- Cardiology, Department of Specialities of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Wendy L McArdle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabrielle Müller
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometrics, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ramaiah Nagaraja
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD21224, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tuomo V.M. Nieminen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tamperew 33014, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
- Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United ingdom
| | - Theodore Papamarkou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nilesh Samani
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Janet Seeley
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurence Tiret
- INSERM UMRS 937, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L. Joost van Pelt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Wainwright
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H. Young
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dominique Arveiler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Franklyn Bennett
- Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Univ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan B. Feranil
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Leif C. Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antero Kesäniemi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Deparment of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3HW, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Koudstaal
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Junior Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten O. Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Winfried März
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH,Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 25, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Genome Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris Power
- Centre For Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jackie F. Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Peter E.H. Schwarz
- Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lars Wallentin
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for rdiovascular Investigation, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center - School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin N.A. Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School. Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hosptial, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Manjinder S. Sandhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Do R, Willer CJ, Schmidt EM, Sengupta S, Gao C, Peloso GM, Gustafsson S, Kanoni S, Ganna A, Chen J, Buchkovich ML, Mora S, Beckmann JS, Bragg-Gresham JL, Chang HY, Demirkan A, Den Hertog HM, Donnelly LA, Ehret GB, Esko T, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Fischer K, Fontanillas P, Fraser RM, Freitag DF, Gurdasani D, Heikkilä K, Hyppönen E, Isaacs A, Jackson AU, Johansson A, Johnson T, Kaakinen M, Kettunen J, Kleber ME, Li X, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Magnusson PKE, Mangino M, Mihailov E, Montasser ME, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, O'Connell JR, Palmer CD, Perola M, Petersen AK, Sanna S, Saxena R, Service SK, Shah S, Shungin D, Sidore C, Song C, Strawbridge RJ, Surakka I, Tanaka T, Teslovich TM, Thorleifsson G, Van den Herik EG, Voight BF, Volcik KA, Waite LL, Wong A, Wu Y, Zhang W, Absher D, Asiki G, Barroso I, Been LF, Bolton JL, Bonnycastle LL, Brambilla P, Burnett MS, Cesana G, Dimitriou M, Doney ASF, Döring A, Elliott P, Epstein SE, Eyjolfsson GI, Gigante B, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Gravito ML, Groves CJ, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hicks AA, Holm H, Hung YJ, Illig T, Jones MR, Kaleebu P, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT, Kim E, Klopp N, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Langenberg C, Lehtimäki T, Lin SY, Lindström J, Loos RJF, Mach F, McArdle WL, Meisinger C, Mitchell BD, Müller G, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nieminen TVM, Nsubuga RN, Olafsson I, Ong KK, Palotie A, Papamarkou T, Pomilla C, Pouta A, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Ridker PM, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Samani N, Scharnagl H, Seeley J, Silander K, Stančáková A, Stirrups K, Swift AJ, Tiret L, Uitterlinden AG, van Pelt LJ, Vedantam S, Wainwright N, Wijmenga C, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Young EH, Zhao JH, Adair LS, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Bennett F, Bochud M, Boehm BO, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Bornstein SR, Bovet P, Burnier M, Campbell H, Chakravarti A, Chambers JC, Chen YDI, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Danesh J, Dedoussis G, de Faire U, Feranil AB, Ferrières J, Ferrucci L, Freimer NB, Gieger C, Groop LC, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hamsten A, Harris TB, Hingorani A, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Hovingh GK, Hsiung CA, Humphries SE, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Iribarren C, Järvelin MR, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kaprio J, Kesäniemi A, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Koudstaal PJ, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Martin NG, März W, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Metspalu A, Moilanen L, Morris AD, Munroe PB, Njølstad I, Pedersen NL, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Price JF, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rauramaa R, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Sanghera DK, Saramies J, Schwarz PEH, Sheu WHH, Shuldiner AR, Siegbahn A, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Strachan DP, Tayo BO, Tremoli E, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, Wallentin L, Wareham NJ, Whitfield JB, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Altshuler D, Ordovas JM, Boerwinkle E, Palmer CNA, Thorsteinsdottir U, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Franks PW, Ripatti S, Cupples LA, Sandhu MS, Rich SS, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Mohlke KL, Ingelsson E, Abecasis GR, Daly MJ, Neale BM, Kathiresan S. Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1345-52. [PMID: 24097064 PMCID: PMC3904346 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiologic studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P<5×10−8 for each) to examine the role of triglycerides on risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, and show that the direction and magnitude of both are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong magnitude of association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a polymorphism's strength of effect on triglycerides is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Do
- 1] Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Scott RA, Lagou V, Welch RP, Wheeler E, Montasser ME, Luan J, Mägi R, Strawbridge RJ, Rehnberg E, Gustafsson S, Kanoni S, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Yengo L, Lecoeur C, Shungin D, Sanna S, Sidore C, Johnson PCD, Jukema JW, Johnson T, Mahajan A, Verweij N, Thorleifsson G, Hottenga JJ, Shah S, Smith AV, Sennblad B, Gieger C, Salo P, Perola M, Timpson NJ, Evans DM, Pourcain BS, Wu Y, Andrews JS, Hui J, Bielak LF, Zhao W, Horikoshi M, Navarro P, Isaacs A, O'Connell JR, Stirrups K, Vitart V, Hayward C, Esko T, Mihailov E, Fraser RM, Fall T, Voight BF, Raychaudhuri S, Chen H, Lindgren CM, Morris AP, Rayner NW, Robertson N, Rybin D, Liu CT, Beckmann JS, Willems SM, Chines PS, Jackson AU, Kang HM, Stringham HM, Song K, Tanaka T, Peden JF, Goel A, Hicks AA, An P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Franco-Cereceda A, Folkersen L, Marullo L, Jansen H, Oldehinkel AJ, Bruinenberg M, Pankow JS, North KE, Forouhi NG, Loos RJF, Edkins S, Varga TV, Hallmans G, Oksa H, Antonella M, Nagaraja R, Trompet S, Ford I, Bakker SJL, Kong A, Kumari M, Gigante B, Herder C, Munroe PB, Caulfield M, Antti J, Mangino M, Small K, Miljkovic I, Liu Y, Atalay M, Kiess W, James AL, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Palmer CNA, Doney ASF, Willemsen G, Smit JH, Campbell S, Polasek O, Bonnycastle LL, Hercberg S, Dimitriou M, Bolton JL, Fowkes GR, Kovacs P, Lindström J, Zemunik T, Bandinelli S, Wild SH, Basart HV, Rathmann W, Grallert H, Maerz W, Kleber ME, Boehm BO, Peters A, Pramstaller PP, Province MA, Borecki IB, Hastie ND, Rudan I, Campbell H, Watkins H, Farrall M, Stumvoll M, Ferrucci L, Waterworth DM, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Tuomilehto J, Watanabe RM, de Geus EJC, Penninx BW, Hofman A, Oostra BA, Psaty BM, Vollenweider P, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Hovingh GK, Metspalu A, Uusitupa M, Magnusson PKE, Kyvik KO, Kaprio J, Price JF, Dedoussis GV, Deloukas P, Meneton P, Lind L, Boehnke M, Shuldiner AR, van Duijn CM, Morris AD, Toenjes A, Peyser PA, Beilby JP, Körner A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Bornstein SR, Schwarz PEH, Lakka TA, Rauramaa R, Adair LS, Smith GD, Spector TD, Illig T, de Faire U, Hamsten A, Gudnason V, Kivimaki M, Hingorani A, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Saaristo TE, Boomsma DI, Stefansson K, van der Harst P, Dupuis J, Pedersen NL, Sattar N, Harris TB, Cucca F, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Mohlke KL, Balkau B, Froguel P, Pouta A, Jarvelin MR, Wareham NJ, Bouatia-Naji N, McCarthy MI, Franks PW, Meigs JB, Teslovich TM, Florez JC, Langenberg C, Ingelsson E, Prokopenko I, Barroso I. Large-scale association analyses identify new loci influencing glycemic traits and provide insight into the underlying biological pathways. Nat Genet 2012; 44:991-1005. [PMID: 22885924 PMCID: PMC3433394 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Through genome-wide association meta-analyses of up to 133,010 individuals of European ancestry without diabetes, including individuals newly genotyped using the Metabochip, we have increased the number of confirmed loci influencing glycemic traits to 53, of which 33 also increase type 2 diabetes risk (q < 0.05). Loci influencing fasting insulin concentration showed association with lipid levels and fat distribution, suggesting impact on insulin resistance. Gene-based analyses identified further biologically plausible loci, suggesting that additional loci beyond those reaching genome-wide significance are likely to represent real associations. This conclusion is supported by an excess of directionally consistent and nominally significant signals between discovery and follow-up studies. Functional analysis of these newly discovered loci will further improve our understanding of glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Scott
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Billings LK, Hsu YH, Ackerman RJ, Dupuis J, Voight BF, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Hercberg S, Lathrop M, Barnes D, Langenberg C, Hui J, Fu M, Bouatia-Naji N, Lecoeur C, An P, Magnusson PK, Surakka I, Ripatti S, Christiansen L, Dalgård C, Folkersen L, Grundberg E, Eriksson P, Kaprio J, Ohm Kyvik K, Pedersen NL, Borecki IB, Province MA, Balkau B, Froguel P, Shuldiner AR, Palmer LJ, Wareham N, Meneton P, Johnson T, Pankow JS, Karasik D, Meigs JB, Kiel DP, Florez JC. Impact of common variation in bone-related genes on type 2 diabetes and related traits. Diabetes 2012; 61:2176-86. [PMID: 22698912 PMCID: PMC3402303 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exploring genetic pleiotropy can provide clues to a mechanism underlying the observed epidemiological association between type 2 diabetes and heightened fracture risk. We examined genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) for association with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits in large well-phenotyped and -genotyped consortia. We undertook follow-up analysis in ∼19,000 individuals and assessed gene expression. We queried single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD at levels of genome-wide significance, variants in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) > 0.5), and BMD candidate genes. SNP rs6867040, at the ITGA1 locus, was associated with a 0.0166 mmol/L (0.004) increase in fasting glucose per C allele in the combined analysis. Genetic variants in the ITGA1 locus were associated with its expression in the liver but not in adipose tissue. ITGA1 variants appeared among the top loci associated with type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, β-cell function by homeostasis model assessment, and 2-h post-oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin levels. ITGA1 has demonstrated genetic pleiotropy in prior studies, and its suggested role in liver fibrosis, insulin secretion, and bone healing lends credence to its contribution to both osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes. These findings further underscore the link between skeletal and glucose metabolism and highlight a locus to direct future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana K. Billings
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel J. Ackerman
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Serge Hercberg
- INSERM, National Institute of Agronomic Research, University of Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- National Genotyping Center, Atomic Energy Commission, Institute of Genomics, Evry, France
| | - Daniel Barnes
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jennie Hui
- Molecular Genetics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mao Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- National Center for Scientific Research, UMR 8199, Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- National Center for Scientific Research, UMR 8199, Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Per Eriksson
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael A. Province
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Health of Populations, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over the Life Course, INSERM, Villejuif, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- National Center for Scientific Research, UMR 8199, Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology and the Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - James B. Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: Jose C. Florez,
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Meneton P, Ricordeau P, Weill A, Tuppin P, Samson S, Allemand H, Durieux P, Ménard J. Evaluation of the agreement between guidelines and initial antihypertensive drug treatment using a national health care reimbursement database. J Eval Clin Pract 2012; 18:623-9. [PMID: 21276142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To test the agreement between guidelines for the management of hypertension and medical practices while avoiding frequent limitations such as the use of non-representative samples of practitioners and self-reporting of their practices over a short period of time. METHODS The characteristics of initial antihypertensive drug treatment in a large representative sample of the French population aged 50-80 (n = 17 855) were collected from a national health care reimbursement database and compared with national guidelines over a 5-year period. RESULTS Major discrepancies are observed including the use of non-recommended drug classes such as loop and potassium sparing diuretics alone or in association and the absence of distinction between patients according to their age. More minor discrepancies are the preferential use of mono-therapies over drug combinations and of some bi-therapies among those recommended. Some degree of concordance with the guidelines is also observed including the specific characteristics of the treatment of diabetics compared with other categories of patients and the preferential use of long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonists and of low-dose thiazide diuretics when these drug classes are chosen. Several of these discrepancies or concordances, which mainly reflect general practitioner (GP) activity, show time trends over the entire follow-up period with no significant effect of the guideline released during this period. CONCLUSIONS At the French national level, the agreement between initial antihypertensive drug treatment and guidelines varies considerably depending on the characteristics of the treatment that are considered. The GPs who delivered the treatment do not seem to have been influenced by the guidelines released over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Meneton
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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Manning AK, Hivert MF, Scott RA, Grimsby JL, Bouatia-Naji N, Chen H, Rybin D, Liu CT, Bielak LF, Prokopenko I, Amin N, Barnes D, Cadby G, Hottenga JJ, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Johnson T, Kanoni S, Ladenvall C, Lagou V, Lahti J, Lecoeur C, Liu Y, Martinez-Larrad MT, Montasser ME, Navarro P, Perry JRB, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Salo P, Sattar N, Shungin D, Strawbridge RJ, Tanaka T, van Duijn CM, An P, de Andrade M, Andrews JS, Aspelund T, Atalay M, Aulchenko Y, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Beckmann JS, Beilby JP, Bellis C, Bergman RN, Blangero J, Boban M, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Böttcher Y, Bouchard C, Brunner E, Budimir D, Campbell H, Carlson O, Chines PS, Clarke R, Collins FS, Corbatón-Anchuelo A, Couper D, de Faire U, Dedoussis GV, Deloukas P, Dimitriou M, Egan JM, Eiriksdottir G, Erdos MR, Eriksson JG, Eury E, Ferrucci L, Ford I, Forouhi NG, Fox CS, Franzosi MG, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Froguel P, Galan P, de Geus E, Gigante B, Glazer NL, Goel A, Groop L, Gudnason V, Hallmans G, Hamsten A, Hansson O, Harris TB, Hayward C, Heath S, Hercberg S, Hicks AA, Hingorani A, Hofman A, Hui J, Hung J, Jarvelin MR, Jhun MA, Johnson PC, Jukema JW, Jula A, Kao W, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kivimaki M, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Kumari M, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka T, Lannfelt L, Lathrop GM, Launer LJ, Leander K, Li G, Lind L, Lindstrom J, Lobbens S, Loos RJF, Luan J, Lyssenko V, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Marmot M, Meneton P, Mohlke KL, Mooser V, Morken MA, Miljkovic I, Narisu N, O’Connell J, Ong KK, Oostra BA, Palmer LJ, Palotie A, Pankow JS, Peden JF, Pedersen NL, Pehlic M, Peltonen L, Penninx B, Pericic M, Perola M, Perusse L, Peyser PA, Polasek O, Pramstaller PP, Province MA, Räikkönen K, Rauramaa R, Rehnberg E, Rice K, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Saaristo T, Sabater-Lleal M, Salomaa V, Savage DB, Saxena R, Schwarz P, Seedorf U, Sennblad B, Serrano-Rios M, Shuldiner AR, Sijbrands EJ, Siscovick DS, Smit JH, Small KS, Smith NL, Smith AV, Stančáková A, Stirrups K, Stumvoll M, Sun YV, Swift AJ, Tönjes A, Tuomilehto J, Trompet S, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Vikström M, Vitart V, Vohl MC, Voight BF, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth DM, Watkins H, Wheeler E, Widen E, Wild SH, Willems SM, Willemsen G, Wilson JF, Witteman JC, Wright AF, Yaghootkar H, Zelenika D, Zemunik T, Zgaga L, Wareham NJ, McCarthy MI, Barroso I, Watanabe RM, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Meigs JB, Langenberg C. A genome-wide approach accounting for body mass index identifies genetic variants influencing fasting glycemic traits and insulin resistance. Nat Genet 2012; 44:659-69. [PMID: 22581228 PMCID: PMC3613127 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have described many loci implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology and β-cell dysfunction but have contributed little to the understanding of the genetic basis of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that genes implicated in insulin resistance pathways might be uncovered by accounting for differences in body mass index (BMI) and potential interactions between BMI and genetic variants. We applied a joint meta-analysis approach to test associations with fasting insulin and glucose on a genome-wide scale. We present six previously unknown loci associated with fasting insulin at P < 5 × 10(-8) in combined discovery and follow-up analyses of 52 studies comprising up to 96,496 non-diabetic individuals. Risk variants were associated with higher triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, suggesting a role for these loci in insulin resistance pathways. The discovery of these loci will aid further characterization of the role of insulin resistance in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa K. Manning
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonna L. Grimsby
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Barnes
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. Toronto, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Martinez-Larrad
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - May E. Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John R. B. Perry
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Perttu Salo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for medical systems biology, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeanette S. Andrews
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yurii Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud 11, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jacques S. Beckmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John P. Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, B Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Claire Bellis
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mladen Boban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Brunner
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Danijela Budimir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olga Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michael R. Erdos
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elodie Eury
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Franzosi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pilar Galan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Eco de Geus
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole L. Glazer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, BU School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, BU School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Heath
- Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Genetic epidemiology group, University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, B Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, B Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marjo Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Min A. Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W.H. Kao
- Division of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, Dept of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic epidemiology group, University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research and Professor Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN)
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin Leander
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaana Lindstrom
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Marmot
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Pierre Meneton
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Division of Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mario A. Morken
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeff O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. Toronto, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John F. Peden
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Pehlic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Institute for Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Markus Perola
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Louis Perusse
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael A. Province
- Department of Genetics Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emil Rehnberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Saaristo
- Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B. Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Munster, Germany
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Serrano-Rios
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David S. Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Johannes H. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Easten Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Max Vikström
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dawn M Waterworth
- Division of Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sara M. Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacqueline C.M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Diana Zelenika
- Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of medical statistics, epidemiology and medical informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ines Barroso
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Palmer ND, McDonough CW, Hicks PJ, Roh BH, Wing MR, An SS, Hester JM, Cooke JN, Bostrom MA, Rudock ME, Talbert ME, Lewis JP, Ferrara A, Lu L, Ziegler JT, Sale MM, Divers J, Shriner D, Adeyemo A, Rotimi CN, Ng MCY, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Voight BF, Scott LJ, Steinthorsdottir V, Morris AP, Dina C, Welch RP, Zeggini E, Huth C, Aulchenko YS, Thorleifsson G, McCulloch LJ, Ferreira T, Grallert H, Amin N, Wu G, Willer CJ, Raychaudhuri S, McCarroll SA, Langenberg C, Hofmann OM, Dupuis J, Qi L, Segrè AV, van Hoek M, Navarro P, Ardlie K, Balkau B, Benediktsson R, Bennett AJ, Blagieva R, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Boström KB, Bravenboer B, Bumpstead S, Burtt NP, Charpentier G, Chines PS, Cornelis M, Couper DJ, Crawford G, Doney ASF, Elliott KS, Elliott AL, Erdos MR, Fox CS, Franklin CS, Ganser M, Gieger C, Grarup N, Green T, Griffin S, Groves CJ, Guiducci C, Hadjadj S, Hassanali N, Herder C, Isomaa B, Jackson AU, Johnson PRV, Jørgensen T, Kao WHL, Klopp N, Kong A, Kraft P, Kuusisto J, Lauritzen T, Li M, Lieverse A, Lindgren CM, Lyssenko V, Marre M, Meitinger T, Midthjell K, Morken MA, Narisu N, Nilsson P, Owen KR, Payne F, Perry JRB, Petersen AK, Platou C, Proença C, Prokopenko I, Rathmann W, Rayner NW, Robertson NR, Rocheleau G, Roden M, Sampson MJ, Saxena R, Shields BM, Shrader P, Sigurdsson G, Sparsø T, Strassburger K, Stringham HM, Sun Q, Swift AJ, Thorand B, Tichet J, Tuomi T, van Dam RM, van Haeften TW, van Herpt T, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Walters GB, Weedon MN, Wijmenga C, Witteman J, Bergman RN, Cauchi S, Collins FS, Gloyn AL, Gyllensten U, Hansen T, Hide WA, Hitman GA, Hofman A, Hunter DJ, Hveem K, Laakso M, Mohlke KL, Morris AD, Palmer CNA, Pramstaller PP, Rudan I, Sijbrands E, Stein LD, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden A, Walker M, Wareham NJ, Watanabe RM, Abecasis GR, Boehm BO, Campbell H, Daly MJ, Hattersley AT, Hu FB, Meigs JB, Pankow JS, Pedersen O, Wichmann HE, Barroso I, Florez JC, Frayling TM, Groop L, Sladek R, Thorsteinsdottir U, Wilson JF, Illig T, Froguel P, van Duijn CM, Stefansson K, Altshuler D, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Soranzo N, Wheeler E, Glazer NL, Bouatia-Naji N, Mägi R, Randall J, Johnson T, Elliott P, Rybin D, Henneman P, Dehghan A, Hottenga JJ, Song K, Goel A, Egan JM, Lajunen T, Doney A, Kanoni S, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Kumari M, Timpson NJ, Zabena C, Ingelsson E, An P, O'Connell J, Luan J, Elliott A, McCarroll SA, Roccasecca RM, Pattou F, Sethupathy P, Ariyurek Y, Barter P, Beilby JP, Ben-Shlomo Y, Bergmann S, Bochud M, Bonnefond A, Borch-Johnsen K, Böttcher Y, Brunner E, Bumpstead SJ, Chen YDI, Chines P, Clarke R, Coin LJM, Cooper MN, Crisponi L, Day INM, de Geus EJC, Delplanque J, Fedson AC, Fischer-Rosinsky A, Forouhi NG, Frants R, Franzosi MG, Galan P, Goodarzi MO, Graessler J, Grundy S, Gwilliam R, Hallmans G, Hammond N, Han X, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Heath SC, Hercberg S, Hicks AA, Hillman DR, Hingorani AD, Hui J, Hung J, Jula A, Kaakinen M, Kaprio J, Kesaniemi YA, Kivimaki M, Knight B, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Kyvik KO, Lathrop GM, Lawlor DA, Le Bacquer O, Lecoeur C, Li Y, Mahley R, Mangino M, Manning AK, Martínez-Larrad MT, McAteer JB, McPherson R, Meisinger C, Melzer D, Meyre D, Mitchell BD, Mukherjee S, Naitza S, Neville MJ, Oostra BA, Orrù M, Pakyz R, Paolisso G, Pattaro C, Pearson D, Peden JF, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Pfeiffer AFH, Pichler I, Polasek O, Posthuma D, Potter SC, Pouta A, Province MA, Psaty BM, Rayner NW, Rice K, Ripatti S, Rivadeneira F, Rolandsson O, Sandbaek A, Sandhu M, Sanna S, Sayer AA, Scheet P, Seedorf U, Sharp SJ, Shields B, Sijbrands EJG, Silveira A, Simpson L, Singleton A, Smith NL, Sovio U, Swift A, Syddall H, Syvänen AC, Tanaka T, Tönjes A, Uitterlinden AG, van Dijk KW, Varma D, Visvikis-Siest S, Vitart V, Vogelzangs N, Waeber G, Wagner PJ, Walley A, Ward KL, Watkins H, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Witteman JCM, Yarnell JWG, Zelenika D, Zethelius B, Zhai G, Zhao JH, Zillikens MC, Borecki IB, Loos RJF, Meneton P, Magnusson PKE, Nathan DM, Williams GH, Silander K, Salomaa V, Smith GD, Bornstein SR, Schwarz P, Spranger J, Karpe F, Shuldiner AR, Cooper C, Dedoussis GV, Serrano-Ríos M, Lind L, Palmer LJ, Franks PW, Ebrahim S, Marmot M, Kao WHL, Pramstaller PP, Wright AF, Stumvoll M, Hamsten A, Buchanan TA, Valle TT, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Penninx BWJH, Boomsma DI, Deloukas P, Spector TD, Ferrucci L, Cao A, Scuteri A, Schlessinger D, Uda M, Ruokonen A, Jarvelin MR, Waterworth DM, Vollenweider P, Peltonen L, Mooser V, Sladek R. A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29202. [PMID: 22238593 PMCID: PMC3251563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
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Ehret GB, Munroe PB, Rice KM, Bochud M, Johnson AD, Chasman DI, Smith AV, Tobin MD, Verwoert GC, Hwang SJ, Pihur V, Vollenweider P, O'Reilly PF, Amin N, Bragg-Gresham JL, Teumer A, Glazer NL, Launer L, Zhao JH, Aulchenko Y, Heath S, Sõber S, Parsa A, Luan J, Arora P, Dehghan A, Zhang F, Lucas G, Hicks AA, Jackson AU, Peden JF, Tanaka T, Wild SH, Rudan I, Igl W, Milaneschi Y, Parker AN, Fava C, Chambers JC, Fox ER, Kumari M, Go MJ, van der Harst P, Kao WHL, Sjögren M, Vinay DG, Alexander M, Tabara Y, Shaw-Hawkins S, Whincup PH, Liu Y, Shi G, Kuusisto J, Tayo B, Seielstad M, Sim X, Nguyen KDH, Lehtimäki T, Matullo G, Wu Y, Gaunt TR, Onland-Moret NC, Cooper MN, Platou CGP, Org E, Hardy R, Dahgam S, Palmen J, Vitart V, Braund PS, Kuznetsova T, Uiterwaal CSPM, Adeyemo A, Palmas W, Campbell H, Ludwig B, Tomaszewski M, Tzoulaki I, Palmer ND, Aspelund T, Garcia M, Chang YPC, O'Connell JR, Steinle NI, Grobbee DE, Arking DE, Kardia SL, Morrison AC, Hernandez D, Najjar S, McArdle WL, Hadley D, Brown MJ, Connell JM, Hingorani AD, Day INM, Lawlor DA, Beilby JP, Lawrence RW, Clarke R, Hopewell JC, Ongen H, Dreisbach AW, Li Y, Young JH, Bis JC, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Adair LS, Lee NR, Chen MH, Olden M, Pattaro C, Bolton JAH, Köttgen A, Bergmann S, Mooser V, Chaturvedi N, Frayling TM, Islam M, Jafar TH, Erdmann J, Kulkarni SR, Bornstein SR, Grässler J, Groop L, Voight BF, Kettunen J, Howard P, Taylor A, Guarrera S, Ricceri F, Emilsson V, Plump A, Barroso I, Khaw KT, Weder AB, Hunt SC, Sun YV, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Bonnycastle LL, Scott LJ, Stringham HM, Peltonen L, Perola M, Vartiainen E, Brand SM, Staessen JA, Wang TJ, Burton PR, Soler Artigas M, Dong Y, Snieder H, Wang X, Zhu H, Lohman KK, Rudock ME, Heckbert SR, Smith NL, Wiggins KL, Doumatey A, Shriner D, Veldre G, Viigimaa M, Kinra S, Prabhakaran D, Tripathy V, Langefeld CD, Rosengren A, Thelle DS, Corsi AM, Singleton A, Forrester T, Hilton G, McKenzie CA, Salako T, Iwai N, Kita Y, Ogihara T, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Umemura S, Eyheramendy S, Meitinger T, Wichmann HE, Cho YS, Kim HL, Lee JY, Scott J, Sehmi JS, Zhang W, Hedblad B, Nilsson P, Smith GD, Wong A, Narisu N, Stančáková A, Raffel LJ, Yao J, Kathiresan S, O'Donnell CJ, Schwartz SM, Ikram MA, Longstreth WT, Mosley TH, Seshadri S, Shrine NRG, Wain LV, Morken MA, Swift AJ, Laitinen J, Prokopenko I, Zitting P, Cooper JA, Humphries SE, Danesh J, Rasheed A, Goel A, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Bakker SJL, van Gilst WH, Janipalli CS, Mani KR, Yajnik CS, Hofman A, Mattace-Raso FUS, Oostra BA, Demirkan A, Isaacs A, Rivadeneira F, Lakatta EG, Orru M, Scuteri A, Ala-Korpela M, Kangas AJ, Lyytikäinen LP, Soininen P, Tukiainen T, Würtz P, Ong RTH, Dörr M, Kroemer HK, Völker U, Völzke H, Galan P, Hercberg S, Lathrop M, Zelenika D, Deloukas P, Mangino M, Spector TD, Zhai G, Meschia JF, Nalls MA, Sharma P, Terzic J, Kumar MVK, Denniff M, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Wagenknecht LE, Fowkes FGR, Charchar FJ, Schwarz PEH, Hayward C, Guo X, Rotimi C, Bots ML, Brand E, Samani NJ, Polasek O, Talmud PJ, Nyberg F, Kuh D, Laan M, Hveem K, Palmer LJ, van der Schouw YT, Casas JP, Mohlke KL, Vineis P, Raitakari O, Ganesh SK, Wong TY, Tai ES, Cooper RS, Laakso M, Rao DC, Harris TB, Morris RW, Dominiczak AF, Kivimaki M, Marmot MG, Miki T, Saleheen D, Chandak GR, Coresh J, Navis G, Salomaa V, Han BG, Zhu X, Kooner JS, Melander O, Ridker PM, Bandinelli S, Gyllensten UB, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Ferrucci L, Farrall M, Tuomilehto J, Pramstaller PP, Elosua R, Soranzo N, Sijbrands EJG, Altshuler D, Loos RJF, Shuldiner AR, Gieger C, Meneton P, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Gudnason V, Rotter JI, Rettig R, Uda M, Strachan DP, Witteman JCM, Hartikainen AL, Beckmann JS, Boerwinkle E, Vasan RS, Boehnke M, Larson MG, Järvelin MR, Psaty BM, Abecasis GR, Chakravarti A, Elliott P, van Duijn CM, Newton-Cheh C, Levy D, Caulfield MJ, Johnson T. Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. Nature 2011; 478:103-9. [PMID: 21909115 PMCID: PMC3340926 DOI: 10.1038/nature10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1500] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable trait1 influenced by multiple biological pathways and is responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (BP ≥140 mm Hg systolic [SBP] or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic [DBP])2. Even small increments in BP are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events3. This genome-wide association study of SBP and DBP, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified 16 novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate BP (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3; NPR3-C5orf23; ADM; FURIN-FES; GOSR2; GNAS-EDN3); the other 10 provide new clues to BP physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke, and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with BP in East Asian, South Asian, and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of BP, and suggest novel potential therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Wain LV, Verwoert GC, O'Reilly PF, Shi G, Johnson T, Johnson AD, Bochud M, Rice KM, Henneman P, Smith AV, Ehret GB, Amin N, Larson MG, Mooser V, Hadley D, Dörr M, Bis JC, Aspelund T, Esko T, Janssens ACJW, Zhao JH, Heath S, Laan M, Fu J, Pistis G, Luan J, Arora P, Lucas G, Pirastu N, Pichler I, Jackson AU, Webster RJ, Zhang F, Peden JF, Schmidt H, Tanaka T, Campbell H, Igl W, Milaneschi Y, Hottenga JJ, Vitart V, Chasman DI, Trompet S, Bragg-Gresham JL, Alizadeh BZ, Chambers JC, Guo X, Lehtimäki T, Kühnel B, Lopez LM, Polašek O, Boban M, Nelson CP, Morrison AC, Pihur V, Ganesh SK, Hofman A, Kundu S, Mattace-Raso FUS, Rivadeneira F, Sijbrands EJG, Uitterlinden AG, Hwang SJ, Vasan RS, Wang TJ, Bergmann S, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Laitinen J, Pouta A, Zitting P, McArdle WL, Kroemer HK, Völker U, Völzke H, Glazer NL, Taylor KD, Harris TB, Alavere H, Haller T, Keis A, Tammesoo ML, Aulchenko Y, Barroso I, Khaw KT, Galan P, Hercberg S, Lathrop M, Eyheramendy S, Org E, Sõber S, Lu X, Nolte IM, Penninx BW, Corre T, Masciullo C, Sala C, Groop L, Voight BF, Melander O, O'Donnell CJ, Salomaa V, d'Adamo AP, Fabretto A, Faletra F, Ulivi S, Del Greco FM, Facheris M, Collins FS, Bergman RN, Beilby JP, Hung J, Musk AW, Mangino M, Shin SY, Soranzo N, Watkins H, Goel A, Hamsten A, Gider P, Loitfelder M, Zeginigg M, Hernandez D, Najjar SS, Navarro P, Wild SH, Corsi AM, Singleton A, de Geus EJC, Willemsen G, Parker AN, Rose LM, Buckley B, Stott D, Orru M, Uda M, van der Klauw MM, Zhang W, Li X, Scott J, Chen YDI, Burke GL, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Döring A, Meitinger T, Davies G, Starr JM, Emilsson V, Plump A, Lindeman JH, Hoen PAC', König IR, Felix JF, Clarke R, Hopewell JC, Ongen H, Breteler M, Debette S, Destefano AL, Fornage M, Mitchell GF, Smith NL, Holm H, Stefansson K, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Samani NJ, Preuss M, Rudan I, Hayward C, Deary IJ, Wichmann HE, Raitakari OT, Palmas W, Kooner JS, Stolk RP, Jukema JW, Wright AF, Boomsma DI, Bandinelli S, Gyllensten UB, Wilson JF, Ferrucci L, Schmidt R, Farrall M, Spector TD, Palmer LJ, Tuomilehto J, Pfeufer A, Gasparini P, Siscovick D, Altshuler D, Loos RJF, Toniolo D, Snieder H, Gieger C, Meneton P, Wareham NJ, Oostra BA, Metspalu A, Launer L, Rettig R, Strachan DP, Beckmann JS, Witteman JCM, Erdmann J, van Dijk KW, Boerwinkle E, Boehnke M, Ridker PM, Jarvelin MR, Chakravarti A, Abecasis GR, Gudnason V, Newton-Cheh C, Levy D, Munroe PB, Psaty BM, Caulfield MJ, Rao DC, Tobin MD, Elliott P, van Duijn CM. Genome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure. Nat Genet 2011; 43:1005-11. [PMID: 21909110 PMCID: PMC3445021 DOI: 10.1038/ng.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic loci influence systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Europeans 1-3. We now report genome-wide association studies of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In discovery (N=74,064) and follow-up studies (N=48,607), we identified at genome-wide significance (P= 2.7×10-8 to P=2.3×10-13) four novel PP loci (at 4q12 near CHIC2/PDGFRAI, 7q22.3 near PIK3CG, 8q24.12 in NOV, 11q24.3 near ADAMTS-8), two novel MAP loci (3p21.31 in MAP4, 10q25.3 near ADRB1) and one locus associated with both traits (2q24.3 near FIGN) which has recently been associated with SBP in east Asians. For three of the novel PP signals, the estimated effect for SBP was opposite to that for DBP, in contrast to the majority of common SBP- and DBP-associated variants which show concordant effects on both traits. These findings indicate novel genetic mechanisms underlying blood pressure variation, including pathways that may differentially influence SBP and DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Salhi A, Edwards A, Azroyan A, Meneton P, Crambert G. Progestérone : le facteur manquant dans la régulation de l’homéostasis du K+chez l’homme et la souris. Nephrol Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2011.07.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Elabida B, Edwards A, Salhi A, Azroyan A, Fodstad H, Meneton P, Doucet A, Bloch-Faure M, Crambert G. Chronic potassium depletion increases adrenal progesterone production that is necessary for efficient renal retention of potassium. Kidney Int 2011; 80:256-62. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dupuis J, Langenberg C, Prokopenko I, Saxena R, Soranzo N, Jackson AU, Wheeler E, Glazer NL, Bouatia-Naji N, Gloyn AL, Lindgren CM, Mägi R, Morris AP, Randall J, Johnson T, Elliott P, Rybin D, Thorleifsson G, Steinthorsdottir V, Henneman P, Grallert H, Dehghan A, Hottenga JJ, Franklin CS, Navarro P, Song K, Goel A, Perry JRB, Egan JM, Lajunen T, Grarup N, Sparsø T, Doney A, Voight BF, Stringham HM, Li M, Kanoni S, Shrader P, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Kumari M, Qi L, Timpson NJ, Gieger C, Zabena C, Rocheleau G, Ingelsson E, An P, O'Connell J, Luan J, Elliott A, McCarroll SA, Payne F, Roccasecca RM, Pattou F, Sethupathy P, Ardlie K, Ariyurek Y, Balkau B, Barter P, Beilby JP, Ben-Shlomo Y, Benediktsson R, Bennett AJ, Bergmann S, Bochud M, Boerwinkle E, Bonnefond A, Bonnycastle LL, Borch-Johnsen K, Böttcher Y, Brunner E, Bumpstead SJ, Charpentier G, Chen YDI, Chines P, Clarke R, Coin LJM, Cooper MN, Cornelis M, Crawford G, Crisponi L, Day INM, de Geus EJC, Delplanque J, Dina C, Erdos MR, Fedson AC, Fischer-Rosinsky A, Forouhi NG, Fox CS, Frants R, Franzosi MG, Galan P, Goodarzi MO, Graessler J, Groves CJ, Grundy S, Gwilliam R, Gyllensten U, Hadjadj S, Hallmans G, Hammond N, Han X, Hartikainen AL, Hassanali N, Hayward C, Heath SC, Hercberg S, Herder C, Hicks AA, Hillman DR, Hingorani AD, Hofman A, Hui J, Hung J, Isomaa B, Johnson PRV, Jørgensen T, Jula A, Kaakinen M, Kaprio J, Kesaniemi YA, Kivimaki M, Knight B, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Kyvik KO, Lathrop GM, Lawlor DA, Le Bacquer O, Lecoeur C, Li Y, Lyssenko V, Mahley R, Mangino M, Manning AK, Martínez-Larrad MT, McAteer JB, McCulloch LJ, McPherson R, Meisinger C, Melzer D, Meyre D, Mitchell BD, Morken MA, Mukherjee S, Naitza S, Narisu N, Neville MJ, Oostra BA, Orrù M, Pakyz R, Palmer CNA, Paolisso G, Pattaro C, Pearson D, Peden JF, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Pfeiffer AFH, Pichler I, Polasek O, Posthuma D, Potter SC, Pouta A, Province MA, Psaty BM, Rathmann W, Rayner NW, Rice K, Ripatti S, Rivadeneira F, Roden M, Rolandsson O, Sandbaek A, Sandhu M, Sanna S, Sayer AA, Scheet P, Scott LJ, Seedorf U, Sharp SJ, Shields B, SigurÐsson G, Sijbrands EJG, Silveira A, Simpson L, Singleton A, Smith NL, Sovio U, Swift A, Syddall H, Syvänen AC, Tanaka T, Thorand B, Tichet J, Tönjes A, Tuomi T, Uitterlinden AG, van Dijk KW, van Hoek M, Varma D, Visvikis-Siest S, Vitart V, Vogelzangs N, Waeber G, Wagner PJ, Walley A, Walters GB, Ward KL, Watkins H, Weedon MN, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Witteman JCM, Yarnell JWG, Zeggini E, Zelenika D, Zethelius B, Zhai G, Zhao JH, Zillikens MC, Consortium DIAGRAM, Consortium GIANT, Consortium GBP, Borecki IB, Loos RJF, Meneton P, Magnusson PKE, Nathan DM, Williams GH, Hattersley AT, Silander K, Salomaa V, Smith GD, Bornstein SR, Schwarz P, Spranger J, Karpe F, Shuldiner AR, Cooper C, Dedoussis GV, Serrano-Ríos M, Morris AD, Lind L, Palmer LJ, Hu FB, Franks PW, Ebrahim S, Marmot M, Kao WHL, Pankow JS, Sampson MJ, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Pramstaller PP, Wichmann HE, Illig T, Rudan I, Wright AF, Stumvoll M, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Hamsten A, Bergman RN, Buchanan TA, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Tuomilehto J, Valle TT, Altshuler D, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Penninx BWJH, Boomsma DI, Deloukas P, Spector TD, Frayling TM, Ferrucci L, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, van Duijn CM, Aulchenko YS, Cao A, Scuteri A, Schlessinger D, Uda M, Ruokonen A, Jarvelin MR, Waterworth DM, Vollenweider P, Peltonen L, Mooser V, Abecasis GR, Wareham NJ, Sladek R, Froguel P, Watanabe RM, Meigs JB, Groop L, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Florez JC, Barroso I. Erratum: New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk. Nat Genet 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/ng0510-464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dupuis J, Langenberg C, Prokopenko I, Saxena R, Soranzo N, Jackson AU, Wheeler E, Glazer NL, Bouatia-Naji N, Gloyn AL, Lindgren CM, Mägi R, Morris AP, Randall J, Johnson T, Elliott P, Rybin D, Thorleifsson G, Steinthorsdottir V, Henneman P, Grallert H, Dehghan A, Hottenga JJ, Franklin CS, Navarro P, Song K, Goel A, Perry JRB, Egan JM, Lajunen T, Grarup N, Sparsø T, Doney A, Voight BF, Stringham HM, Li M, Kanoni S, Shrader P, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Kumari M, Qi L, Timpson NJ, Gieger C, Zabena C, Rocheleau G, Ingelsson E, An P, O’Connell J, Luan J, Elliott A, McCarroll SA, Payne F, Roccasecca RM, Pattou F, Sethupathy P, Ardlie K, Ariyurek Y, Balkau B, Barter P, Beilby JP, Ben-Shlomo Y, Benediktsson R, Bennett AJ, Bergmann S, Bochud M, Boerwinkle E, Bonnefond A, Bonnycastle LL, Borch-Johnsen K, Böttcher Y, Brunner E, Bumpstead SJ, Charpentier G, Chen YDI, Chines P, Clarke R, Coin LJM, Cooper MN, Cornelis M, Crawford G, Crisponi L, Day INM, de Geus E, Delplanque J, Dina C, Erdos MR, Fedson AC, Fischer-Rosinsky A, Forouhi NG, Fox CS, Frants R, Franzosi MG, Galan P, Goodarzi MO, Graessler J, Groves CJ, Grundy S, Gwilliam R, Gyllensten U, Hadjadj S, Hallmans G, Hammond N, Han X, Hartikainen AL, Hassanali N, Hayward C, Heath SC, Hercberg S, Herder C, Hicks AA, Hillman DR, Hingorani AD, Hofman A, Hui J, Hung J, Isomaa B, Johnson PRV, Jørgensen T, Jula A, Kaakinen M, Kaprio J, Kesaniemi YA, Kivimaki M, Knight B, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Kyvik KO, Lathrop GM, Lawlor DA, Le Bacquer O, Lecoeur C, Li Y, Lyssenko V, Mahley R, Mangino M, Manning AK, Martínez-Larrad MT, McAteer JB, McCulloch LJ, McPherson R, Meisinger C, Melzer D, Meyre D, Mitchell BD, Morken MA, Mukherjee S, Naitza S, Narisu N, Neville MJ, Oostra BA, Orrù M, Pakyz R, Palmer CNA, Paolisso G, Pattaro C, Pearson D, Peden JF, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Pfeiffer AFH, Pichler I, Polasek O, Posthuma D, Potter SC, Pouta A, Province MA, Psaty BM, Rathmann W, Rayner NW, Rice K, Ripatti S, Rivadeneira F, Roden M, Rolandsson O, Sandbaek A, Sandhu M, Sanna S, Sayer AA, Scheet P, Scott LJ, Seedorf U, Sharp SJ, Shields B, Sigurðsson G, Sijbrands EJG, Silveira A, Simpson L, Singleton A, Smith NL, Sovio U, Swift A, Syddall H, Syvänen AC, Tanaka T, Thorand B, Tichet J, Tönjes A, Tuomi T, Uitterlinden AG, van Dijk KW, van Hoek M, Varma D, Visvikis-Siest S, Vitart V, Vogelzangs N, Waeber G, Wagner PJ, Walley A, Walters GB, Ward KL, Watkins H, Weedon MN, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Witteman JCM, Yarnell JWG, Zeggini E, Zelenika D, Zethelius B, Zhai G, Zhao JH, Zillikens MC, Borecki IB, Loos RJF, Meneton P, Magnusson PKE, Nathan DM, Williams GH, Hattersley AT, Silander K, Salomaa V, Smith GD, Bornstein SR, Schwarz P, Spranger J, Karpe F, Shuldiner AR, Cooper C, Dedoussis GV, Serrano-Ríos M, Morris AD, Lind L, Palmer LJ, Hu FB, Franks PW, Ebrahim S, Marmot M, Kao WHL, Pankow JS, Sampson MJ, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Pramstaller PP, Wichmann HE, Illig T, Rudan I, Wright AF, Stumvoll M, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Hamsten A, Bergman RN, Buchanan TA, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Tuomilehto J, Valle TT, Altshuler D, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Penninx BWJH, Boomsma D, Deloukas P, Spector TD, Frayling TM, Ferrucci L, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, van Duijn CM, Aulchenko YS, Cao A, Scuteri A, Schlessinger D, Uda M, Ruokonen A, Jarvelin MR, Waterworth DM, Vollenweider P, Peltonen L, Mooser V, Abecasis GR, Wareham NJ, Sladek R, Froguel P, Watanabe RM, Meigs JB, Groop L, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Florez JC, Barroso I. New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk. Nat Genet 2010; 42:105-16. [PMID: 20081858 PMCID: PMC3018764 DOI: 10.1038/ng.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1655] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These include nine loci newly associated with fasting glucose (in or near ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2, FADS1, GLIS3, SLC2A2, PROX1 and C2CD4B) and one influencing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (near IGF1). We also demonstrated association of ADCY5, PROX1, GCK, GCKR and DGKB-TMEM195 with type 2 diabetes. Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicole L Glazer
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joshua Randall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kijoung Song
- Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Taina Lajunen
- Unit for Child and Adolescent Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Niels Grarup
- Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Alex Doney
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Level 7, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Shrader
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Lu Qi
- Depts. of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carina Zabena
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ghislain Rocheleau
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amanda Elliott
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Felicity Payne
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Rosa Maria Roccasecca
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - François Pattou
- INSERM U859, Universite de Lille-Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kristin Ardlie
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Yavuz Ariyurek
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM U780-IFR69, Paris Sud University, F-94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Philip Barter
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, NEDLANDS WA 6009, Australia
- School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK
| | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Knut Borch-Johnsen
- Steno Diabetes Center, DK-2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | | | | | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Chines
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Lachlan J M Coin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Matthew N Cooper
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Marilyn Cornelis
- Depts. of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabe Crawford
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Ian N M Day
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome Delplanque
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christian Dina
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michael R Erdos
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Annette C Fedson
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia
| | - Antje Fischer-Rosinsky
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rune Frants
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Grazia Franzosi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - Pilar Galan
- U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jürgen Graessler
- Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden
| | - Christopher J Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Scott Grundy
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rhian Gwilliam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- CHU de Poitiers, Endocrinologie Diabetologie, CIC INSERM 0802, INSERM U927, Université de Poitiers, UFR, Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Naomi Hammond
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Xijing Han
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Neelam Hassanali
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | | | - Simon C Heath
- Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany
| | - David R Hillman
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, NEDLANDS WA 6009, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Joe Hung
- Heart Institute of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Malmska Municipal Health Care Center and Hospital, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Population Studies, Turku, Finland
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Beatrice Knight
- Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Living Conditions, Health and Wellbeing, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Inselstr. 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - G Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK
| | - Olivier Le Bacquer
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yun Li
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Robert Mahley
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | | | - Jarred B McAteer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Laura J McCulloch
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Melzer
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - David Meyre
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Mario A Morken
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Silvia Naitza
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthew J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Orrù
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Ruth Pakyz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Pearson
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John F Peden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VUMC, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon C Potter
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annelli Sandbaek
- School of Public Health, Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Manjinder Sandhu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster,Münster, Germany
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Beverley Shields
- Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Gunnar Sigurðsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Erik J G Sijbrands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Silveira
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laila Simpson
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Amy Swift
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Holly Syddall
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean Tichet
- Institut interrégional pour la santé (IRSA), F-37521 La Riche, France
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Dhiraj Varma
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- Research Unit, Cardiovascular Genetics, Nancy University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France
| | | | - Nicole Vogelzangs
- EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wagner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Walley
- Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | | | - Kim L Ward
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John W G Yarnell
- Epidemiology & Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Diana Zelenika
- Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David M Nathan
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Helsinki, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Manuel Serrano-Ríos
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lyle J Palmer
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre II, Perth, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shah Ebrahim
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - W H Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
| | - Michael J Sampson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR1 7UY, UK
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Torben Hansen
- Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Paul Pramstaller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Gen-Info Ltd, Ruzmarinka 17, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Thomas A Buchanan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo T Valle
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Cao
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Angelo Scuteri
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Manuela Uda
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, P.O. Box 310, Fin-90101 Oulu, Finland
| | - Dawn M Waterworth
- Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Division of Genetics, R&D, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert Sladek
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France
- Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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Meneton P, Lafay L, Tard A, Dufour A, Ireland J, Ménard J, Volatier JL. Erratum: Dietary sources and correlates of sodium and potassium intakes in the French general population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V, Tobin MD, Bochud M, Coin L, Najjar SS, Zhao JH, Heath SC, Eyheramendy S, Papadakis K, Voight BF, Scott LJ, Zhang F, Farrall M, Tanaka T, Wallace C, Chambers JC, Khaw KT, Nilsson P, van der Harst P, Polidoro S, Grobbee DE, Onland-Moret NC, Bots ML, Wain LV, Elliott KS, Teumer A, Luan J, Lucas G, Kuusisto J, Burton PR, Hadley D, McArdle WL, Brown M, Dominiczak A, Newhouse SJ, Samani NJ, Webster J, Zeggini E, Beckmann JS, Bergmann S, Lim N, Song K, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth DM, Yuan X, Groop L, Orho-Melander M, Allione A, Di Gregorio A, Guarrera S, Panico S, Ricceri F, Romanazzi V, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Barroso I, Sandhu MS, Luben RN, Crawford GJ, Jousilahti P, Perola M, Boehnke M, Bonnycastle LL, Collins FS, Jackson AU, Mohlke KL, Stringham HM, Valle TT, Willer CJ, Bergman RN, Morken MA, Döring A, Gieger C, Illig T, Meitinger T, Org E, Pfeufer A, Wichmann HE, Kathiresan S, Marrugat J, O'Donnell CJ, Schwartz SM, Siscovick DS, Subirana I, Freimer NB, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy MI, O'Reilly PF, Peltonen L, Pouta A, de Jong PE, Snieder H, van Gilst WH, Clarke R, Goel A, Hamsten A, Peden JF, Seedorf U, Syvänen AC, Tognoni G, Lakatta EG, Sanna S, Scheet P, Schlessinger D, Scuteri A, Dörr M, Ernst F, Felix SB, Homuth G, Lorbeer R, Reffelmann T, Rettig R, Völker U, Galan P, Gut IG, Hercberg S, Lathrop GM, Zelenika D, Deloukas P, Soranzo N, Williams FM, Zhai G, Salomaa V, Laakso M, Elosua R, Forouhi NG, Völzke H, Uiterwaal CS, van der Schouw YT, Numans ME, Matullo G, Navis G, Berglund G, Bingham SA, Kooner JS, Connell JM, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Watkins H, Spector TD, Tuomilehto J, Altshuler D, Strachan DP, Laan M, Meneton P, Wareham NJ, Uda M, Jarvelin MR, Mooser V, Melander O, Loos RJF, Elliott P, Abecasis GR, Caulfield M, Munroe PB. Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure. Nat Genet 2009; 41:666-76. [PMID: 19430483 PMCID: PMC2891673 DOI: 10.1038/ng.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure is a common, heritable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. To date, identification of common genetic variants influencing blood pressure has proven challenging. We tested 2.5m genotyped and imputed SNPs for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 34,433 subjects of European ancestry from the Global BPgen consortium and followed up findings with direct genotyping (N≤71,225 European ancestry, N=12,889 Indian Asian ancestry) and in silico comparison (CHARGE consortium, N=29,136). We identified association between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and common variants in 8 regions near the CYP17A1 (P=7×10−24), CYP1A2 (P=1×10−23), FGF5 (P=1×10−21), SH2B3 (P=3×10−18), MTHFR (P=2×10−13), c10orf107 (P=1×10−9), ZNF652 (P=5×10−9) and PLCD3 (P=1×10−8) genes. All variants associated with continuous blood pressure were associated with dichotomous hypertension. These associations between common variants and blood pressure and hypertension offer mechanistic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and may point to novel targets for interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Griol-Charhbili V, Sabbah L, Colucci J, Vincent MP, Baudrie V, Laude D, Elghozi JL, Bruneval P, Picard N, Meneton P, Alhenc-Gelas F, Richer C. Tissue kallikrein deficiency and renovascular hypertension in the mouse. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R1385-91. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90411.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The kallikrein kinin system (KKS) is involved in arterial and renal functions. It may have an antihypertensive effect in both essential and secondary forms of hypertension. The role of the KKS in the development of two-kidneys, one-clip (2K1C) hypertension, a high-renin model, was investigated in mice rendered deficient in tissue kallikrein (TK) and kinins by TK gene inactivation (TK−/−) and in their wild-type littermates (TK+/+). Four weeks after clipping the renal artery, blood flow was reduced in the clipped kidney (2K1C-TK+/+: −90%, 2K1C-TK−/−: −93% vs. sham-operated mice), and the kidney mass had also decreased (2K1C-TK+/+: −65%, 2K1C-TK−/−: −66%), whereas in the unclipped kidney, blood flow (2K1C-TK+/+: +19%, 2K1C-TK−/−: +17%) and kidney mass (2K1C-TK+/+: +32%, 2K1C-TK−/−: +30%) had both increased. The plasma renin concentration (2K1C-TK+/+: +78%, 2K1C-TK−/−: +65%) and renal renin content of the clipped kidney (2K1C-TK+/+: +58%, 2K1C-TK−/−: +65%) had increased significantly. There was no difference for these parameters between 2K1C-TK+/+ and 2K1C-TK−/− mice. Blood pressure monitored by telemetry and by plethysmography, rose immediately after clipping in both genotypes, and reached similar levels (2K1C-TK+/+: +24%, 2K1C-TK−/−: +21%). 2K1C-TK+/+ and 2K1C-TK−/− mice developed similar concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (+24% and +17%, respectively) with normal cardiac function. These findings suggest that in the context of chronic unilateral reduction in renal blood flow, TK and kinins do not influence the trophicity of kidneys, the synthesis and secretion of renin, blood pressure increase, and cardiac remodeling due to renin angiotensin system activation.
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Kathiresan S, Willer CJ, Peloso GM, Demissie S, Musunuru K, Schadt EE, Kaplan L, Bennett D, Li Y, Tanaka T, Voight BF, Bonnycastle LL, Jackson AU, Crawford G, Surti A, Guiducci C, Burtt NP, Parish S, Clarke R, Zelenika D, Kubalanza KA, Morken MA, Scott LJ, Stringham HM, Galan P, Swift AJ, Kuusisto J, Bergman RN, Sundvall J, Laakso M, Ferrucci L, Scheet P, Sanna S, Uda M, Yang Q, Lunetta KL, Dupuis J, de Bakker PIW, O'Donnell CJ, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Hercberg S, Meneton P, Lakatta EG, Scuteri A, Schlessinger D, Tuomilehto J, Collins FS, Groop L, Altshuler D, Collins R, Lathrop GM, Melander O, Salomaa V, Peltonen L, Orho-Melander M, Ordovas JM, Boehnke M, Abecasis GR, Mohlke KL, Cupples LA. Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia. Nat Genet 2008; 41:56-65. [PMID: 19060906 DOI: 10.1038/ng.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1077] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To dissect the polygenic basis of these traits, we conducted genome-wide association screens in 19,840 individuals and replication in up to 20,623 individuals. We identified 30 distinct loci associated with lipoprotein concentrations (each with P < 5 x 10(-8)), including 11 loci that reached genome-wide significance for the first time. The 11 newly defined loci include common variants associated with LDL cholesterol near ABCG8, MAFB, HNF1A and TIMD4; with HDL cholesterol near ANGPTL4, FADS1-FADS2-FADS3, HNF4A, LCAT, PLTP and TTC39B; and with triglycerides near AMAC1L2, FADS1-FADS2-FADS3 and PLTP. The proportion of individuals exceeding clinical cut points for high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides varied according to an allelic dosage score (P < 10(-15) for each trend). These results suggest that the cumulative effect of multiple common variants contributes to polygenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Kathiresan
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Pizard A, Richer C, Bouby N, Picard N, Meneton P, Azizi M, Alhenc-Gelas F. Genetic deficiency in tissue kallikrein activity in mouse and man: effect on arteries, heart and kidney. Biol Chem 2008; 389:701-6. [PMID: 18627303 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue kallikrein (KLK1) is a kinin-forming serine protease synthesized in many organs including arteries and kidney. Study of the physiological role of KLK1 has benefited from the availability of mouse and human genetic models of KLK1 deficiency, through engineering of KLK1 mouse mutants and discovery of a major polymorphism in the human KLK1 gene that induces a loss of enzyme activity. Studies in KLK1-deficient mice and human subjects partially deficient in KLK1 have documented its critical role in arterial function in both species. KLK1 is also involved in the control of ionic transport in the renal tubule, an action that may not be kinin-mediated. Studies of experimental diseases in KLK1-deficient mice have revealed cardio- and nephro-protective effects of KLK1 and kinins in acute cardiac ischemia, post-ischemic heart failure, and diabetes. Potential clinical and therapeutic developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pizard
- INSERM U652/U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
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Messadi-Laribi E, Griol-Charhbili V, Gaies E, Vincent MP, Heudes D, Meneton P, Alhenc-Gelas F, Richer C. Cardioprotection and kallikrein-kinin system in acute myocardial ischaemia in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:489-93. [PMID: 18307747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Acute myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion trigger cardioprotective mechanisms that tend to limit myocardial injury. These cardioprotective mechanisms remain for a large part unknown, but can be potentiated by performing ischaemic preconditioning or by administering drugs such as angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (kininase II) inhibitors (ACEI). 2. This brief review summarizes the findings concerning the role of tissue kallikrein (TK), a major kinin-forming enzyme, kinins and kinin receptors in the cardioprotection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) or by pharmacological postconditioning by drugs originally targeted at the renin-angiotensin system, ACEI and type 1 angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB) in acute myocardial ischaemia. Myocardial ischaemia was induced by left coronary occlusion and was followed after 30 min by a 3 h reperfusion period (IR), performed in vivo in mice. The role of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) was studied by using genetically engineered mice deficient in TK gene and their wild-type littermates, or by blocking B1 or B2 bradykinin receptors in wild-type mice using selective pharmacological antagonists. 3. Ischaemic preconditioning (three cycles: 3 min occlusion/5 min reperfusion) enhances the ability of the heart of wild-type mice to tolerate IR. Tissue kallikrein plays a major role in the cardioprotective effect afforded by IPC, which is largely reduced in TK-deficient mice. The B2 receptor is the main kinin receptor involved in the cardioprotective effect of IPC. 4. Tissue kallikrein is also required for the cardioprotective effects of pharmacological postconditioning with ACEI (ramiprilat) or ARB (losartan), which are abolished for both classes of drugs in TK-deficient mice. The B2 receptor mediates the cardioprotective effects of these drugs. Activation of angiotensin-II type 2 (AT2) receptor is involved in the cardioprotective effects of losartan, suggesting a functional coupling between AT2 receptor and TK during angiotensin-II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade. 5. The demonstration of a cardioprotective effect of the KKS in acute myocardial ischaemia involving TK and the B2 receptor and playing a major role in IPC or pharmacological postconditioning by ACEI or ARB, suggests a potential therapeutic approach based on pharmacological activation of the B2 receptor.
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