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Holvik K, Abel MH, Holmen J, Krokstad S, Totland TH, Meyer HE. No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e117. [PMID: 38602104 PMCID: PMC11036440 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002400082x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monitoring time trends in salt consumption is important for evaluating the impact of salt reduction initiatives on public health outcomes. There has so far not been available data to indicate if salt consumption in Norway has changed during the previous decade. We aimed to assess whether average 24-h salt intake estimated from spot urine samples in the adult population of mid-Norway changed from 2006-2008 to 2017-2019 and to describe variations by sex, age and educational level. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional studies. SETTING The population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). PARTICIPANTS In each of two consecutive waves (HUNT3: 2006-2008 and HUNT4: 2017-2019), spot urine samples were collected from 500 men and women aged 25-64 years, in addition to 250 men and women aged 70-79 years in HUNT4. Based on spot urine concentrations of Na, K and creatinine and age, sex and BMI, we estimated 24-h Na intake using the International Cooperative Study on Salt and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) equation for the Northern European region. RESULTS Mean (95 % CI) estimated 24-h salt intakes in men were 11·1 (95 % CI 10·8, 11·3) g in HUNT3 and 10·9 (95 % CI 10·6, 11·1) g in HUNT4, P = 0·25. Corresponding values in women were 7·7 (95 % CI 7·5, 7·9) g and 7·7 (95 % CI 7·5, 7·9) g, P = 0·88. Mean estimated salt intake in HUNT4 decreased with increasing age in women, but not in men, and it did not differ significantly across educational level in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Estimated 24-h salt intake in adult men and women in mid-Norway did not change from 2006-2008 to 2017-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Holvik
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute
of Public Health, 0213Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Hope Abel
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute
of Public Health, 0213Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),
Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),
Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust,
Levanger, Norway
| | - Torunn Holm Totland
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute
of Public Health, 0213Oslo, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute
of Public Health, 0213Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health
and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway
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Holte M, Holmen J. Program for data extraction in primary health records: a valid tool for knowledge production in general practice? BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:23. [PMID: 31924277 PMCID: PMC6954497 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Research in general practice demands it-tools which give the practitioner trusty results. Medrave 4 is a program designed for extraction of data from all areas of the health record. We wanted to do research on the database in a health center, but found no proof of the quality of the data extracted by Medrave 4. Today the database contains about 40,000 records. In this study we wanted to examine if the program could extract correct data. Results From the database 20 records were randomly selected from five different time periods, making a total of 100 records. 14 records did not meet the inclusion criteria, resulting in 86 records included in the study. In phase one these variables were registered manually from the records: Age, gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (from free text) and six different laboratory tests. In phase two, Medrave 4 extracted the same variables from the same records. Medrave 4 found correct systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in 79 records (92%). The laboratory results were extracted correct in all 86 records (100%). We conclude that Medrave 4 can be a useful tool in quantifying the work of general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holte
- Risvollan Health Center, Ingeborg Aas' veg 2, 7036, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsvegen 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway.
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Tagseth M, Sund ER, Hallman GT, Holmen J, Kvistad K, Vik JT, Krokstad S. May telephone surveys provide reliable public health surveillance data for municipalities? Mode effects differ between categories of questions. The HUNT Study, Norway. Nor J Epidemiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5324/nje.v28i1-2.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Availability of data on health and its determinants at the local area level is a prerequisite for developing interventions and public health campaigns locally. Collecting self-reported data by means of telephone interviews may rapidly provide relevant data. The reliability of such data may be questioned. In this study, we sought to compare exact similar questions addressed by a recent telephone survey with a previous large scale and very comprehensive population health survey (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2006-08 – HUNT3), conducted a few years earlier in the same geographical region. This was done in order to examine the reliability of telephone interviews as a method to provide data on health and determinants to enable municipal authorities to get a sufficient overview.Methods: One rural and one urban municipality covered by HUNT3 using paper questionnaires were resurveyed through computer assisted telephone interviews. The weighted results for 34 dichotomized variables were compared using chi square tests.Results: The comparison of results between the rural and the urban samples and HUNT3 involved 68 chi square tests, 25 of which (38%) displayed significant differences. The ability of the telephone survey to replicate the results from HUNT3 was only moderate, but with differences between survey themes. Comparability was poor for adverse life events and mental health factors, fair for behavioural and risk factors, and skewed for general health and life satisfaction. The replication was good for reports on the less sensitive and subjective theme of cultural participation.Conclusion: The comparability of the data differed between themes. The differences may be ascribed to mode effects and to some extent the time lag between the surveys. Because replicability on issues that may be more embarrassing or stressful to recall appears to be poorer, and the more subjective self-assessments of health and well-being appear skewed, it is reasonable to conclude that there is an interviewer effect in the telephone survey. The use of a questionnaire through mail or web to monitor public health in municipalities should be considered as an alternative.
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Jølle A, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Carlsen SM, Tuomilehto J, Bjørngaard JH, Åsvold BO. Validity of the FINDRISC as a prediction tool for diabetes in a contemporary Norwegian population: a 10-year follow-up of the HUNT study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000769. [PMID: 31803483 PMCID: PMC6887494 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is a recommended tool for type 2 diabetes prediction. There is a lack of studies examining the performance of the current 0-26 point FINDRISC scale. We examined the validity of FINDRISC in a contemporary Norwegian risk environment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We followed 47 804 participants without known diabetes and aged ≥20 years in the HUNT3 survey (2006-2008) by linkage to information on glucose-lowering drug dispensing in the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004-2016). We estimated the C-statistic, sensitivity and specificity of FINDRISC as predictor of incident diabetes, as indicated by incident use of glucose-lowering drugs. We estimated the 10-year cumulative diabetes incidence by categories of FINDRISC. RESULTS The C-statistic (95% CI) of FINDRISC in predicting future diabetes was 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78). FINDRISC ≥15 (the conventional cut-off value) had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 90%. The 10-year cumulative diabetes incidence (95% CI) was 4.0% (3.8% to 4.2%) in the entire study population, 13.5% (12.5% to 14.5%) for people with FINDRISC ≥15 and 2.8% (2.6% to 3.0%) for people with FINDRISC <15. Thus, FINDRISC ≥15 had a positive predictive value of 13.5% and a negative predictive value of 97.2% for diabetes within the next 10 years. To approach a similar sensitivity as in the study in which FINDRISC was developed, we would have to lower the cut-off value for elevated FINDRISC to ≥11. This would yield a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 67%, positive predictive value of 7.7% and negative predictive value of 98.5%. CONCLUSIONS The validity of FINDRISC and the risk of diabetes among people with FINDRISC ≥15 is substantially lower in the contemporary Norwegian population than assumed in official guidelines. To identify ~3/4 of those developing diabetes within the next 10 years, we would have to lower the threshold for elevated FINDRISC to ≥11, which would label ~1/3 of the entire adult population as having an elevated FINDRISC necessitating a glycemia assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jølle
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
| | - Sven Magnus Carlsen
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Gabin JM, Saltvedt I, Tambs K, Holmen J. The association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and incident Alzheimer disease in patients 60 years and older: The HUNT study, Norway. Immun Ageing 2018; 15:4. [PMID: 29387136 PMCID: PMC5776764 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background With ageing, long-standing inflammation can be destructive, contributing to development of several disorders, among these Alzheimer’s disease (AD). C-reactive protein (CRP) is a relatively stable peripheral inflammatory marker, but in previous studies the association between highly sensitive CRP (hsCRP) and AD have shown inconsistent results. This study examines the association between AD and hsCRP in blood samples taken up to 15 years prior to the diagnoses of 52 persons with AD amongst a total of 2150 persons ≥60 years of age. Results Data from Norway’s Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2) and the Health and Memory Study (HMS) were linked. The participants had an average age of 73 years, and diagnosed with AD up to 15 years [mean 8.0 (±3.9)] following hsCRP measurement. Logistic regression models showed an adverse association between hsCRP and AD in participants aged 60-70.5 (odds ratio: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.01-5.58). Conversely, in participants aged 70.6-94, there was an inverse association between hsCRP and AD (odds ratio: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.84). When applying multivariate models the findings were significant in individuals diagnosed 0.4-7 years after the hsCRP was measured; and attenuated when AD was diagnosed more than seven years following hsCRP measurement. Conclusions Our study is in line with previous studies indicating a shift in the association between hsCRP and AD by age: in adults (60-70.5 years) there is an adverse association, while in seniors (>70.6 years) there is an inverse association. If our findings can be replicated, a focus on why a more active peripheral immune response may have a protective role in individuals ≥70 years should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mira Gabin
- 1HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- 2Department of Neuromedicine and Movement science, NTNU, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, Post Office Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,3Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav University Hospital, Post Office Box 3250, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Tambs
- 4Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Post Office Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- 1HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
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Jølle A, Åsvold BO, Holmen J, Carlsen SM, Tuomilehto J, Bjørngaard JH, Midthjell K. Basic lifestyle advice to individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a 2-year population-based diabetes prevention study. The DE-PLAN intervention in the HUNT Study, Norway. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2018; 6:e000509. [PMID: 29765613 PMCID: PMC5950645 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among individuals at high risk for diabetes identified through a population survey, we performed an intervention study with basic lifestyle advice aiming to prevent diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 50 806 participants in the HUNT3 Survey (2006-2008), 5297 individuals with Finnish Diabetes Risc Score (FINDRISC ≥15 were invited to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an education session with lifestyle advice, and 2634 (49.7%) attended. Among them, 2380 people without diabetes were included in the prevention study with repeated examinations and education sessions after 6, 12, and 24 months. We examined participation, diabetes incidence, glycemia, and adiposity during follow-up. RESULTS Of 2380 participants, 1212 (50.9%) participated in ≥3 of the four examinations. Diabetes was detected in 3.5%, 3.1%, and 4.0% of individuals at the 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month examinations, respectively, indicating a 10.3% 2-year diabetes incidence. Mean (95% CI) increases from baseline to 2-year follow-up were 0.30 (0.29 to 0.32) percentage points (3.3 (3.2 to 3.5) mmol/mol) for Hemoglobin A1c, 0.13 (0.10 to 0.16) mmol/L for fasting serum-glucose, 0.46 (0.36 to 0.56) mmol/L for 2-hour OGTT s-glucose, 0.30 (0.19 to 0.40) kg/m2 forbody mass index (BMI) (all p<0.001) and -0.5 (-0.9 to -0.2) cm for waist circumference (p=0.004), with broadly similar estimates by baseline age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, BMI, physical activity, and family history of diabetes. Only 206 (8.7%) participants had evidence of >5% weight loss during follow-up; their fasting and 2-hour s-glucose did not increase, and HbA1c increased less than in other participants. CONCLUSION Basic lifestyle advice given to high-risk individuals during three group sessions with 6-month intervals was not effective in reducing 2-year diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jølle
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Sven Magnus Carlsen
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department for Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the number of elderly people will rise in the years to come, knowledge about their health trends is important for social planning. The objective of this study was to investigate trends in health development among elderly people over 70 years in Nord-Trøndelag county. MATERIAL AD METHOD In the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) we have collected health data over three rounds: HUNT1 (1984 – 86), HUNT2 (1995 – 97) and HUNT3 (2006 – 08). Using cross-sectional analyses, we have studied changes in self-reported health, level of functioning and the use of health services. The material includes 12 391 persons (85 % participation) in HUNT1, 11 069 (69.3 % participation) in HUNT2 and 8 194 in HUNT3 (54.7 % participation). RESULTS Subjective health and activities of daily living (ADL functions) were assessed as better in HUNT3 than in HUNT2. Self-reported physical activity increased from HUNT1 to HUNT3. The use of home-help services decreased from HUNT2 to HUNT3, while the use of nursing homes and home nursing services remained unchanged. The use of general practitioner services increased in all periods, while the use of outpatient services increased strongly from HUNT1 to HUNT2. INTERPRETATION It appears that the elderly inhabitants of Nord-Trøndelag county feel that their health has improved and that they have become more self-reliant and more physically active in the period from 1984 to 2008, but the findings need to be interpreted with some caution due to the decline in the participation rate from HUNT1 to HUNT3.
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Gabin JM, Tambs K, Saltvedt I, Sund E, Holmen J. Association between blood pressure and Alzheimer disease measured up to 27 years prior to diagnosis: the HUNT Study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2017; 9:37. [PMID: 28569205 PMCID: PMC5452294 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background A lot of attention has been paid to the relationship of blood pressure and dementia because epidemiological research has reported conflicting evidence. Observational data has shown that midlife hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia later in life, whereas there is evidence that low blood pressure is predictive in later life. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between dementia and blood pressure measured up to 27 years (mean 17.6 years) prior to ascertainment. Methods In Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway, incident dementia data were collected during 1995–2011, and the diagnoses were validated by a panel of experts in the field. By using the subjects’ personal identification numbers, the dementia data were linked to data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study), a large, population-based health study performed in 1984–1986 (HUNT 1) and 1995–1997 (HUNT 2). A total of 24,638 participants of the HUNT Study were included in the present study, 579 of whom were diagnosed with Alzheimer disease, mixed Alzheimer/vascular dementia, or vascular dementia. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the association between dementia and blood pressure data from HUNT 1 and HUNT 2. Results Over the age of 60 years, consistent inverse associations were observed between systolic blood pressure and all-cause dementia, mixed Alzheimer/vascular dementia, and Alzheimer disease, but not with vascular dementia, when adjusting for age, sex, education, and other relevant covariates. This was observed for systolic blood pressure in both HUNT 1 and HUNT 2, regardless of antihypertensive medication use. There was an adverse association between systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and Alzheimer disease in individuals treated with antihypertensive medication under the age of 60 years. Conclusions Our data are in line with those in previous studies demonstrating an inverse association between dementia and systolic blood pressure in individuals over the age of 60 years. We cannot exclude a survival effect, however. Among middle-aged subjects (<60 years), elevated systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were associated with eventual Alzheimer disease in individuals who reported using antihypertensive medication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0262-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mira Gabin
- HUNT Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsveien 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway.
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Post Office Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Post Office Box 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Post Office Box 3250, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsveien 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsveien 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
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Meltzer HM, Alexander J, Brantsæter AL, Borch-Iohnsen B, Ellingsen DG, Thomassen Y, Holmen J, Ydersbond TA. The impact of iron status and smoking on blood divalent metal concentrations in Norwegian women in the HUNT2 Study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:165-173. [PMID: 27108098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Low iron (Fe) stores may result in increased absorption of divalent metals, in particular cadmium (Cd). We have previously shown that in non-smoking women participating in the Norwegian HUNT2 cohort study this also included other divalent metals, e.g. manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co). The diet is the main source of metals in non-smoking individuals, whereas in smoking individuals tobacco smoke contributes significant amounts of Cd and lead (Pb). The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of smoking on the relationship between low iron status and divalent metals. Blood concentrations of the divalent metals Cd, Mn, Co, Pb, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), determined using an Element 2 sector field mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), were investigated in smoking women of fertile age (range 21-55 years) (n=267) from the HUNT2 cohort. Among these, 82 were iron-deplete (serum ferritin<12μg/L) and 28 had iron deficiency anaemia (serum ferritin<12μg/L & Hb<120g/L). 150 (56%) women smoked 10 or more cigarettes daily, 101 (38%) had smoked for more than 20 years, and 107 (40%) had smoked for 11-20 years. Results from the smoking population were compared with results from our previous study in non-smoking women (n=448) of which 132 were previous smokers, all from the same cohort. Increasing concentrations of Cd in blood were observed for previous smokers, low-to-moderate smokers and high intensity smokers in all subgroups compared to never smokers, and according to age groups, education level, BMI and serum ferritin. Smokers had higher Pb concentrations than non-smokers in all subgroups, but less pronounced than for Cd. Smoking was not associated with Mn and Co concentrations in blood. In multiple regression models, low ferritin was associated with increased blood concentrations of Cd, Pb, Mn and Co. Ferritin was strongly associated with Cd at low smoking intensity, but was not a significant factor in heavy smokers, where intensity and duration of smoking emerged as main determinants. Ferritin associations with Co and Pb varied with tertiles of blood Cd. Ferritin emerged as the main determinant of blood Co and Mn, while for blood Pb, age and smoking intensity had higher impact. Cu and Zn remained within reference values and no significant associations with ferritin were found. Strong positive associations between blood concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd and Co were observed, also when controlled for their common association with ferritin. Apart from these associations, the models showed no significant interactions between the divalent metals studied. Mild anaemia (110<Hb<120g/L) did not seem to have any effect independent of low ferritin. The results indicate that low serum ferritin facilitates absorption of certain divalent metal ions in female smokers as well as the previously shown effect in non-smokers. Even if smoking provides Pb and Cd, the mutual associations between Cd and other divalent metals in blood persisted in medium and heavy smokers. This indicates that the interrelationship between Cd and divalent metals not only reflect effects on the absorption, but possibly also on kinetic processes such as transportation in blood and other compartments, including excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Meltzer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - A L Brantsæter
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - B Borch-Iohnsen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - D G Ellingsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Y Thomassen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - J Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, N-7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - T A Ydersbond
- Statistics Norway, P.O. Box 8131 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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Ehret GB, Ferreira T, Chasman DI, Jackson AU, Schmidt EM, Johnson T, Thorleifsson G, Luan J, Donnelly LA, Kanoni S, Petersen AK, Pihur V, Strawbridge RJ, Shungin D, Hughes MF, Meirelles O, Kaakinen M, Bouatia-Naji N, Kristiansson K, Shah S, Kleber ME, Guo X, Lyytikäinen LP, Fava C, Eriksson N, Nolte IM, Magnusson PK, Salfati EL, Rallidis LS, Theusch E, Smith AJ, Folkersen L, Witkowska K, Pers TH, Joehanes R, Kim SK, Lataniotis L, Jansen R, Johnson AD, Warren H, Kim YJ, Zhao W, Wu Y, Tayo BO, Bochud M, Absher D, Adair LS, Amin N, Arking DE, Axelsson T, Baldassarre D, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Barnes MR, Barroso I, Bevan S, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Boomsma DI, Bornstein SR, Brown MJ, Burnier M, Cabrera CP, Chambers JC, Chang IS, Cheng CY, Chines PS, Chung RH, Collins FS, Connell JM, Döring A, Dallongeville J, Danesh J, de Faire U, Delgado G, Dominiczak AF, Doney AS, Drenos F, Edkins S, Eicher JD, Elosua R, Enroth S, Erdmann J, Eriksson P, Esko T, Evangelou E, Evans A, Fall T, Farrall M, Felix JF, Ferrières J, Ferrucci L, Fornage M, Forrester T, Franceschini N, Duran OHF, Franco-Cereceda A, Fraser RM, Ganesh SK, Gao H, Gertow K, Gianfagna F, Gigante B, Giulianini F, Goel A, Goodall AH, Goodarzi MO, Gorski M, Gräßler J, Groves C, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hassinen M, Havulinna AS, Hayward C, Hercberg S, Herzig KH, Hicks AA, Hingorani AD, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Holmen J, Holmen OL, Hottenga JJ, Howard P, Hsiung CA, Hunt SC, Ikram MA, Illig T, Iribarren C, Jensen RA, Kähönen M, Kang H, Kathiresan S, Keating BJ, Khaw KT, Kim YK, Kim E, Kivimaki M, Klopp N, Kolovou G, Komulainen P, Kooner JS, Kosova G, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kutalik Z, Kuusisto J, Kvaløy K, Lakka TA, Lee NR, Lee IT, Lee WJ, Levy D, Li X, Liang KW, Lin H, Lin L, Lindström J, Lobbens S, Männistö S, Müller G, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mach F, Markus HS, Marouli E, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Menni C, Metspalu A, Mijatovic V, Moilanen L, Montasser ME, Morris AD, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nikus K, O'Donnell CJ, O'Reilly PF, Ong KK, Paccaud F, Palmer CD, Parsa A, Pedersen NL, Penninx BW, Perola M, Peters A, Poulter N, Pramstaller PP, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rao DC, Rasheed A, Rayner NWN, Renström F, Rettig R, Rice KM, Roberts R, Rose LM, Rossouw J, Samani NJ, Sanna S, Saramies J, Schunkert H, Sebert S, Sheu WHH, Shin YA, Sim X, Smit JH, Smith AV, Sosa MX, Spector TD, Stančáková A, Stanton A, Stirrups KE, Stringham HM, Sundstrom J, Swift AJ, Syvänen AC, Tai ES, Tanaka T, Tarasov KV, Teumer A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tobin MD, Tremoli E, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Vaez A, Vaidya D, van Duijn CM, van Iperen EP, Vasan RS, Verwoert GC, Virtamo J, Vitart V, Voight BF, Vollenweider P, Wagner A, Wain LV, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Weder AB, Westra HJ, Wilks R, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Wong TY, Yang TP, Yao J, Yengo L, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhu X, Bovet P, Cooper RS, Mohlke KL, Saleheen D, Lee JY, Elliott P, Gierman HJ, Willer CJ, Franke L, Hovingh GK, Taylor KD, Dedoussis G, Sever P, Wong A, Lind L, Assimes TL, Njølstad I, Schwarz PEH, Langenberg C, Snieder H, Caulfield MJ, Melander O, Laakso M, Saltevo J, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J, Ingelsson E, Lehtimäki T, Hveem K, Palmas W, März W, Kumari M, Salomaa V, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Froguel P, Jarvelin MR, Lakatta EG, Kuulasmaa K, Franks PW, Hamsten A, Wichmann HE, Palmer CN, Stefansson K, Ridker PM, Loos RJ, Chakravarti A, Deloukas P, Morris AP, Newton-Cheh C, Munroe PB. The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1171-1184. [PMID: 27618452 PMCID: PMC5042863 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry, and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure-associated loci, of which 17 were new; 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target organ damage in multiple tissues but with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure-related pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classical renal system in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg B. Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lousie A. Donnelly
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vasyl Pihur
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Maria F. Hughes
- Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT126JP, UK
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- University Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'Ecole de medicine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonia Shah
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Cristiano Fava
- University of Lund, Dept Internal Medicine, Malmo, SE 20502, Sweden
- University of Verona, Dept of Internal Medicine, Verona, Italy 37134
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala University, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias L. Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Loukianos S. Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Andrew J.P. Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kate Witkowska
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tune H. Pers
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic, Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roby Joehanes
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Stuart K. Kim
- Dept. Dev. Bio. And Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lazaros Lataniotis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Helen Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennyslvania, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35086, USA
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E. Arking
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, URMS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Michael R. Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Stephen Bevan
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Morris J. Brown
- The Barts Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michel Burnier
- Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia P. Cabrera
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John M. Connell
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | | | - John Danesh
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna F. Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QT, UK
| | - Alex S.F. Doney
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
| | - John D. Eicher
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics. IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universiät zu Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Divisions of Endocrinology/Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Alun Evans
- Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT126JP, UK
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Farrall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Janine F. Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital, INSERM UMR1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oscar H. Franco Duran
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Ross M. Fraser
- Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Synpromics Ltd, 9 Bioquarter, Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, Scotland
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- University of Michigan Medical School, 7220 MSRB III, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- EPIMED Research Centre - Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alison H. Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gräßler
- Department of Medicine III, Division Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 815, Biomerical center, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija Hassinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Serge Hercberg
- UREN, INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM, SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, 39100, Italy - affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
- St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Howard
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Chao A. Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes. 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Human Genetics, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Richard A. Jensen
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Kim
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center 356, Sygrou Ave, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Ducane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gulum Kosova
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc., Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Honghuang Lin
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Jaana Lindström
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriele Müller
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 81377, Germany
| | - François Mach
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- Neurology Unit, University of Cambridge, R3, Box 83, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cb2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Pierre Meneton
- INSERM U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Vladan Mijatovic
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monseratto, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Ramaiah Nagaraja
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul F. O'Reilly
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fred Paccaud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Genetics and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Department of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenda W. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, 39100, Italy - affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dabeeru C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N William N.W.R. Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SA, Hinxton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kenneth M. Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Roberts
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre Ontario, Canada
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Ave., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monseratto, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), München, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, Germany
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Center For Life-course Health Research, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Wayne H.-H. Sheu
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ah Shin
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597
| | - Johannes H. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maria X. Sosa
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alice Stanton
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kathleen E. Stirrups
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johan Sundstrom
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - E-Shyong Tai
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Kirill V. Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of internal medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre of Medical Systems Biology (CMSB 1-2), NGI Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik P.A. van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Preventive medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02446 MA, USA
| | - Germaine C. Verwoert
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alan B. Weder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Rainford Wilks
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - James F. Wilson
- Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - Tsun-Po Yang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Loic Yengo
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Hinco J. Gierman
- Dept. Dev. Bio. And Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Enterprise Informatics, Illumina Inc., Santa Clara CA, 95050, USA
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9711, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Dept Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter EH. Schwarz
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- University of Lund, Dept Internal Medicine, Malmo, SE 20502, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Saltevo
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, P5, 7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508 Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, 1 rue du Prof Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
- Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Center For Life-course Health Research, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 81377, Germany
- Grosshadern, Klinikum, München 81377, Germany
| | - Colin N.A. Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child health Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Holmen J, Nguyen C, Håpnes O, Rangul V, Espnes GA. Kultur og helse i HUNT – En metodeevaluering. Nor J Epidemiol 2016. [DOI: 10.5324/nje.v26i1-2.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flere studier har indikert at det er sammenheng mellom kulturdeltagelse og helse, men mange av studienehar vesentlige svakheter. Befolkningsstudier med et stort antall deltagere har flere fordeler, bl.a. er det muligå kontrollere for konfunderende faktorer. Men i slike undersøkelser må antall spørsmål ofte begrenses,og det kan derfor stilles spørsmål ved hvor presis og relevant informasjonen blir. Ved HUNT3 (2006-08)ble to spørsmål om kulturdeltagelse inkludert: «Hvor mange ganger har du i løpet av de siste 6 månedervært på/i: Museum, kunstutstilling/konsert, teater, kino/kirke, bedehus/idrettsarrangement", og «Hvormange ganger har du løpet av de siste 6 måneder selv drevet med: Foreningsvirksomhet/musikk, sang,teater/menighetsarbeid/friluftsliv/dans/trening, idrett». Målet med denne studien var å undersøke hvordanspørsmålene ble oppfattet og tolket. Var informasjonen relevant til bruk i en epidemiologisk studie somHUNT? Det ble gjennomført tre fokusgruppeintervjuer med til sammen 17 deltakere i alderen 20 til 80 år.Flertallet hadde høyere utdanning. Tema som gikk igjen ble gruppert i kategorier, som bestod av beskrivelserover informantenes synspunkter og meninger. Hovedinntrykket fra fokusgruppeintervjuene var atinformantene mente at spørsmålene i HUNT3 ga et grovt estimat på kulturaktivitetene i befolkningen. Vårkonklusjon er at spørsmålene var tilstrekkelig presise til å bruke i analyser på gruppenivå.
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Holmen J, Holmen TL, Tverdal A, Holmen OL, Sund ER, Midthjell K. Blood pressure changes during 22-year of follow-up in large general population - the HUNT Study, Norway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:94. [PMID: 27176717 PMCID: PMC4866289 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While hypertension still is a major health problem worldwide, some studies have indicated that the blood pressure level has decreased in some populations. This population based cohort study aims at analysing blood pressure changes in a large Norwegian population over a 22 year period. Methods Data is acquired from three comprehensive health surveys of the HUNT Study conducted from 1984–86 to 2006–08. All citizens of Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway, >20 years were invited: 74,549 individuals participated in 1984–86; 64,523 in 1995–97; and 43,905 in 2006–08. Results Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels decreased substantially from mid 1980s to mid 2000s, with the most pronounced decrease from 1995–97 to 2006–08 (from 136.0/78.9 to 128.3/70.9 mmHg in women and from 140.1/82.1 to 133.7/76.5 mmHg in men). Although the use of blood pressure lowering medication increased, there was a considerable decrease even in those who reported never use of medication (mean decrease 6.8/7.2 mmHg in women and 6.3/5.3 mmHg in men), and the decrease was most pronounced in the elderly (mean decrease 16.1/12.4 mmHg in women and 14.7/10.4 mmHg in men aged 80+). Mean heart rate, total cholesterol and daily smoking decreased, self-reported hard physical activity increased, while body weight and the prevalence of diabetes increased during the same period. Conclusions The BP decrease might seem paradoxically, as body weight and prevalence of diabetes increased during the same period. Salt consumption might have decreased, but no salt data is available. The parallel decrease in mean heart rate might indicate reduction in the white-coat phenomenon, or increased use of beta blockers or calcium channel blockers for other diagnosis than hypertension. Additionally, the data could support the “healthy obese” hypothesis, i.e., that subgroups in the population can sustain obesity without serious health consequences. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0257-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsvegen 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway.
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsvegen 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Aage Tverdal
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsvegen 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsvegen 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsvegen 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway
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Jølle A, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Tuomilehto J, Carlsen SM, Shaw J, Åsvold BO. Impact of sex and age on the performance of FINDRISC: the HUNT Study in Norway. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016; 4:e000217. [PMID: 27403326 PMCID: PMC4932345 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is recommended as a screening tool for diabetes risk. However, there is a lack of well-powered studies examining the performance of FINDRISC by sex and age. We aim to estimate, by sex and age, the prevalence of elevated FINDRISC and positive predictive value (PPV) of FINDRISC for identifying impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) in a general Norwegian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We estimated the prevalence of elevated FINDRISC (≥15) among 47 694 adults in the third survey of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3, 2006-08). Among 2559 participants who participated in oral glucose tolerance testing, we estimated the PPV of elevated FINDRISC for identifying unknown prevalent diabetes and other forms of IGM. RESULTS The prevalence of elevated FINDRISC was 12.1% in women, 9.6% in men, and increased from 1.5% at age 20-39 to 25.1% at age 70-79 years. The PPVs of elevated FINDRISC were 9.8% for diabetes, 16.9% for impaired glucose tolerance, 8.2% for impaired fasting glucose, and 34.9% for any form of IGM. The PPV for IGM was lower in women (31.2%) than in men (40.4%), and increased from 19.1% at age 20-39 to 55.5% at age ≥80 years. CONCLUSIONS FINDRISC identified more women than men as high-risk individuals for diabetes. FINDRISC had a high PPV for detecting prevalent IGM, and the PPV was higher in men than in women and in the older individuals. Our data indicate that the impact of sex and age on diabetes risk is not fully captured by FINDRISC, and that refinements to it might improve diabetes prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jølle
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and General Practice , HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Levanger , Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and General Practice , HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Levanger , Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and General Practice , HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Levanger , Norway
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Dasman Diabetes Insitute, Dasman, Kuwait; Department for Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sven M Carlsen
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonathan Shaw
- Baker IDI, Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Kvaløy K, Holmen J, Hveem K, Holmen TL. Genetic Effects on Longitudinal Changes from Healthy to Adverse Weight and Metabolic Status – The HUNT Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139632. [PMID: 26445370 PMCID: PMC4596824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The complexity of obesity and onset and susceptibility of cardio-metabolic disorders are still poorly understood and is addressed here through studies of genetic influence on weight gain and increased metabolic risk longitudinally. Subjects/Methods Twenty seven previously identified obesity, eating disorder or metabolic risk susceptibility SNPs were tested for association with weight or metabolically related traits longitudinally in 3999 adults participating both in the HUNT2 (1995–97) and HUNT3 (2006–08) surveys. Regression analyses were performed with changes from normal weight to overweight/obesity or from metabolically healthy to adverse developments with regards to blood pressure, glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides or metabolic syndrome as outcomes. Additionally, a sub-sample of 1380 adolescents was included for testing association of nine SNPs with longitudinal weight gain into young adulthood. Results The most substantial effect on BMI-based weight gain from normal to overweight/obesity in adults was observed for the DRD2 variant (rs6277)(OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69–0.90, P = 3.9x10-4, adj. P = 0.015). DRD2 was not associated with BMI on a cross-sectional level. In the adolescent sample, FTO (rs1121980) was associated with change to overweight at adulthood in the combined male-female sample (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.49, P = 3.0x10-3, adj. P = 0.019) and in females (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.23–1.91, P = 1.8x10-4, adj. P = 0.003). When testing for association to longitudinal adverse developments with regard to blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose, only rs964184 (ZNF259/APOA5) was significantly associated to unfavourable triglyceride changes (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.36–2.03, P = 5.7x10-7, adj. P = 0.001). Pleiotropic effects on metabolic traits, however, were observed for several genetic loci cross-sectionally, ZNF259/APOA5, LPL and GRB14 being the most important. Conclusions DRD2 exhibits effects on weight gain from normal weight to overweight/obesity in adults, while, FTO is associated to weight gain from adolescence to young adulthood. Unhealthy longitudinal triglyceride development is strongly affected by ZNF259/APOA. Our main finding, linking the DRD2 variant directly to the longitudinal weight gain observed, has not previously been identified. It suggests a genetic pre-disposition involving the dopaminergic signalling pathways known to play a role in food reward and satiety linked mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Gabin J, Tambs K, Saltvedt I, Sund E, Holmen J. O-092: Blood pressure and dementia: The HUNT-HMS Study. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Magnus P, Holmen J. Modern biobanks in Norway. Nor J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.5324/nje.v25i1-2.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Langballe EM, Ask H, Holmen J, Stordal E, Saltvedt I, Selbæk G, Fikseaunet A, Bergh S, Nafstad P, Tambs K. Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia up to 27 years later in a large, population-based sample: the HUNT study, Norway. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:1049-56. [PMID: 25968174 PMCID: PMC4584101 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia risk is unclear. This investigation estimates the association between alcohol consumption reported in a population-based study in the mid-1980s and the risk for dementia up to 27 years later. The entire adult population in one Norwegian county was invited to the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study during 1984–1986 (HUNT1): 88 % participated. The sample used in this study includes HUNT1 participants born between 1905 and 1946 who completed the questionnaire assessing alcohol consumption. A total of 40,435 individuals, of whom 1084 have developed dementia, are included in the analysis adjusted for age, sex, years of education, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and symptoms of depression. When adjusting for age and sex, and compared to reporting consumption of alcohol 1–4 times during the last 14 days (drinking infrequently), both abstaining from alcohol and reporting consumption of alcohol five or more times (drinking frequently) were statistically significantly associated with increased dementia risk with hazard ratios of 1.30 (95 % CI 1.05–1.61) and 1.45 (1.11–1.90), respectively. In the fully adjusted analysis, drinking alcohol frequently was still significantly associated with increased dementia risk with a hazard ratio of 1.40 (1.07–1.84). However, the association between dementia and abstaining from alcohol was no longer significant (1.15, 0.92–1.43). Equivalent results for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia indicated the same patterns of associations. When adjusting for other factors associated with dementia, frequent alcohol drinking, but not abstaining from alcohol, is associated with increased dementia risk compared to drinking alcohol infrequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Melbye Langballe
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
| | - Helga Ask
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway.,Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 68, 2312, Ottestad, Norway.,Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arvid Fikseaunet
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 68, 2312, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Per Nafstad
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Pb 1130 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, 0403, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have detected a considerable degree of somatic illness among substance abusers. At our outpatient clinic for substance abuse we frequently find that referral documents provide scant information on somatic illnesses, and that patients complain of poor contact with their GP. We wished to investigate these issues. MATERIAL AND METHOD From September 2009 to November 2012 a total of 155 of 365 patients (42%) at an outpatient clinic for substance abuse at Levanger Hospital were included in the study. Information was gathered on somatic illnesses according to ICPC using patient-reported medical history, clinical examination, laboratory tests, review of somatic hospital records and/or information from GPs. Somatic health information in referral documents, supplementary information from GPs and patient-GP relationships were examined. RESULTS Altogether 119 men and 36 women with an average age of 41.7 years were included. Alcohol was the preferred intoxicant for 110 patients. We found an average of 4.2 disease diagnoses and 0.8 symptom diagnoses per patient. Dental disease was present in 69 patients, hypertension in 56, allergies in 45 and morbid obesity in 37. More serious diseases such as cancer and hepatic failure were detected. ECG showed pathology in 32 of 107 patients examined. A total of 101 referrals lacked information on somatic health. Sixty doctors replied to letters containing questions regarding somatic supplementary information. A total of 92 patients reported good or acceptable contact with their GP, 19 reported poor contact and 19 declined to answer the question, while 15 patients reported no contact and 10 reported that they had just changed their GP. INTERPRETATION The substance abusers in this study had several somatic diagnoses, and many reported poor contact with their GPs. There are grounds for questioning whether the requirements set by the specialist health service for adequate health provisions for patients at the outpatient clinic for substance abuse are being met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling Dalen
- Avdeling for rusrelatert psykiatri Psykiatrisk klinikk Sykehuset Levanger
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT forskningssenter Institutt for samfunnsmedisin Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Levanger
| | - Hans M Nordahl
- Psykologisk institutt Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet og Traumeklinikken Østmarka sykehus St. Olavs hospital
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Gabin JM, Borenstein AR, Holmen J, Mortimer JA, Saltvedt I, Tambs K. P2‐311: PREVALENCE OF DEMENTIA AMONGST MEN AND WOMEN IN NORD‐TRøNDELAG, NORWAY: THE HUNT STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ask H, Langballe EM, Holmen J, Selbæk G, Saltvedt I, Tambs K. Mental health and wellbeing in spouses of persons with dementia: the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:413. [PMID: 24885732 PMCID: PMC4041138 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caring for a spouse diagnosed with dementia can be a stressful situation and can put the caregiving partner at risk of loss of mental health and wellbeing. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dementia and spousal mental health in a population-based sample of married couples older than 55 years of age. The association was investigated for individuals living together with their demented partner, as well as for individuals whose demented partner was living in an institution. Methods Data on dementia were collected from hospitals and nursing homes in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. These data were combined with data on spousal mental health, which were collected in a population-based health screening: the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Of 6,951 participating couples (>55 years), 131 included one partner that had been diagnosed with dementia. Results Our results indicate that after adjustment for covariates, having a partner with dementia is associated with lower levels of life satisfaction and more symptoms of anxiety and depression than reported by spouses of elderly individuals without dementia. Spouses living together with a partner diagnosed with dementia experienced moderately lower levels of life satisfaction (0.35 standard deviation [SD]) and more symptoms of depression (0.38 SD) and anxiety (0.23 SD) than did their non-caregiving counterparts. Having a partner with dementia that resided in a nursing home was associated with clearly lower life satisfaction. Compared with non-caregivers, these spouses reported lower levels of life satisfaction (1.16 SD), and also more symptoms of depression (0.38 SD), and more symptoms of anxiety (0.42 SD). Conclusions Having a partner with dementia is associated with loss of mental health and reduced life satisfaction. The risk of adverse mental health outcomes is greatest after the partner’s nursing home admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Ask
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P,O, Box 4404, Nydalen N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Bergh S, Holmen J, Gabin J, Stordal E, Fikseaunet A, Selbæk G, Saltvedt I, Langballe EM, Tambs K. Cohort profile: the Health and Memory Study (HMS): a dementia cohort linked to the HUNT study in Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1759-68. [PMID: 24526272 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the Health and Memory Study (HMS) of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, was primarily to establish a database suitable as basis for a large number of studies on dementia. Data from the HMS study were collected via questionnaires and examinations during the period from 1995 to 2011. The dementia panel consists of 620 participants residing in nursing homes and 920 participants referred to memory clinics of Nord-Trøndelag. Data from this dementia panel may be linked to the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT study), three large population based health surveys that took place in 1984-86 (HUNT1), 1995-97 (HUNT2) and 2006-08 (HUNT3). Data collection is complete and the participation rate in the HUNT1 for patients diagnosed with dementia was 86%. The sub-studies in the HMS are focused on examining risk factors, caregiver burden, healthcare consumption and economic consequences of treating and having dementia. Researchers interested in the HMS study are invited to contact HUNT at hunt@medisin.ntnu.no.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverre Bergh
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica Gabin
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvid Fikseaunet
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen M Langballe
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway, HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway, Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway and Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Nuotio ML, Slagter SN, Doiron D, Fischer K, Foco L, Gaye A, Gögele M, Heier M, Hiekkalinna T, Joensuu A, Newby C, Pang C, Partinen E, Reischl E, Schwienbacher C, Tammesoo ML, Swertz MA, Burton P, Ferretti V, Fortier I, Giepmans L, Harris JR, Hillege HL, Holmen J, Jula A, Kootstra-Ros JE, Kvaløy K, Holmen TL, Männistö S, Metspalu A, Midthjell K, Murtagh MJ, Peters A, Pramstaller PP, Saaristo T, Salomaa V, Stolk RP, Uusitupa M, van der Harst P, van der Klauw MM, Waldenberger M, Perola M, Wolffenbuttel BHR. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically healthy obesity in Europe: a collaborative analysis of ten large cohort studies. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24484869 PMCID: PMC3923238 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not all obese subjects have an adverse metabolic profile predisposing them to developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The BioSHaRE-EU Healthy Obese Project aims to gain insights into the consequences of (healthy) obesity using data on risk factors and phenotypes across several large-scale cohort studies. Aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in ten participating studies. METHODS Ten different cohorts in seven countries were combined, using data transformed into a harmonized format. All participants were of European origin, with age 18-80 years. They had participated in a clinical examination for anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Blood samples had been drawn for analysis of lipids and glucose. Presence of MetS was assessed in those with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) based on the 2001 NCEP ATP III criteria, as well as an adapted set of less strict criteria. MHO was defined as obesity, having none of the MetS components, and no previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Data for 163,517 individuals were available; 17% were obese (11,465 men and 16,612 women). The prevalence of obesity varied from 11.6% in the Italian CHRIS cohort to 26.3% in the German KORA cohort. The age-standardized percentage of obese subjects with MetS ranged in women from 24% in CHRIS to 65% in the Finnish Health2000 cohort, and in men from 43% in CHRIS to 78% in the Finnish DILGOM cohort, with elevated blood pressure the most frequently occurring factor contributing to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The age-standardized prevalence of MHO varied in women from 7% in Health2000 to 28% in NCDS, and in men from 2% in DILGOM to 19% in CHRIS. MHO was more prevalent in women than in men, and decreased with age in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Through a rigorous harmonization process, the BioSHaRE-EU consortium was able to compare key characteristics defining the metabolically healthy obese phenotype across ten cohort studies. There is considerable variability in the prevalence of healthy obesity across the different European populations studied, even when unified criteria were used to classify this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC AA31, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen RB 9700, The Netherlands
| | - Marja-Liisa Nuotio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra N Slagter
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC AA31, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen RB 9700, The Netherlands
| | - Dany Doiron
- Research Institute of the McGill University of Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Krista Fischer
- University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luisa Foco
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Amadou Gaye
- Data to Knowledge Research Group, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin Gögele
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tero Hiekkalinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Joensuu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher Newby
- Data to Knowledge Research Group, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chao Pang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, Groningen Bioinformatics Center, and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eemil Partinen
- University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Morris A Swertz
- Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, Groningen Bioinformatics Center, and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Burton
- Data to Knowledge Research Group, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Isabel Fortier
- Research Institute of the McGill University of Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisette Giepmans
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans L Hillege
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Antti Jula
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny E Kootstra-Ros
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Madeleine J Murtagh
- Data to Knowledge Research Group, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Saaristo
- Pirkanmaa hospital district and Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P Stolk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, LifeLines Cohort Study, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, and Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie M van der Klauw
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC AA31, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen RB 9700, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, LifeLines Cohort Study, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bruce HR Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC AA31, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen RB 9700, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, LifeLines Cohort Study, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chau JY, Grunseit A, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Holmen TL, Bauman AE, van der Ploeg HP. Cross-sectional associations of total sitting and leisure screen time with cardiometabolic risk in adults. Results from the HUNT Study, Norway. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Holmen J, Langballe EM, Midthjell K, Holmen TL, Fikseaunet A, Saltvedt I, Tambs K. Gender differences in subjective memory impairment in a general population: the HUNT study, Norway. BMC Psychol 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2050-7283-1-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sandell T, Holmen J, Eide PK. Hypertension in patients with cranial nerve vascular compression syndromes and comparison with a population-based cohort. J Neurosurg 2013; 119:1302-8. [PMID: 23991839 DOI: 10.3171/2013.7.jns13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Although essential arterial hypertension (AH) represents a major health issue, its underlying causes remain unknown. An intriguing hypothesis is that AH in some cases may be caused by vascular compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Because hemifacial spasms (HFSs) are caused by vascular compression of the seventh cranial nerve in close proximity to the RVLM, one would, if this hypothesis is correct, expect to find a positive association between the occurrence of AH and chronic HFSs. Such a positive association would not be expected in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), since TN is caused by vascular compression of the fifth cranial nerve, which is not close to the RVLM. METHODS In view of this background, the authors conducted a retrospective population-based study to investigate how the occurrence of AH in patients with either HFSs or TN compares with the prevalence of AH in the general population, when adjusted for sex and age. The general population was represented by participants of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 3 (HUNT3). RESULTS The prevalence of AH in the authors' patients with HFSs was significantly higher than in a sex- and age-adjusted sample from the general population; this was not true for the patients with TN. CONCLUSIONS The authors suggest that the data provide supporting evidence to the theory that compression of the RVLM may be one cause of AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril Sandell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet
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Jacobsen LM, Winsvold BS, Romundstad S, Pripp AH, Holmen J, Zwart JA. Urinary albumin excretion as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in migraine sufferers: the HUNT study, Norway. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2013-003268. [PMID: 23943777 PMCID: PMC3740253 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate urine albumin leakage as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in migraine patients. DESIGN A population-based health study. PARTICIPANTS 303 patients with migraine, 1009 patients with non-migraine headache and 5287 headache-free controls. OUTCOMES The association between urine albumin- to-creatine ratio (ACR) and headache status was investigated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT-2). Patients were selected in two strata, based on either (1) self-reported hypertension/diabetes (morbid sample) or (2) a random sample. Analyses were performed using analysis of covariance. RESULTS There was no association between headache status and ACR in the study population (p=0.23, mean ACR for migraine 1.66, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.01, for non-migraine headache 1.90, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.09 and for no headache 1.73, 95% CI 1.64 to 1.81) after relevant adjustments. Similarly, no association between headache status and ACR was seen when the analysis was stratified for morbid and random samples, or for migraine with and without aura. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of increased urine albumin leakage in migraine sufferers when compared with headache-free controls. This could indicate that systemic endothelial dysfunction is not a prominent feature of migraine.
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Jablonski KL, Jovanovich A, Holmen J, Targher G, McFann K, Kendrick J, Chonchol M. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is independently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:792-798. [PMID: 23415456 PMCID: PMC3659172 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We sought to explore associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] in an integrated healthcare delivery system in the U.S. METHODS AND RESULTS Six hundred and seven NAFLD cases were randomly matched 1:1 with controls for age, sex, race and season of measurement. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate if serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased odds of NAFLD (diagnosed by ultrasound) after adjusting for body mass index and history of diabetes, renal, peripheral vascular and liver diseases (model 1) and also for hypertension (model 2). Mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the group with NAFLD as compared with that in the matched control group (75 ± 17 vs. 85 ± 20 nmol/L [30 ± 7 vs. 34 ± 8 ng/mL], P<0.001). Inadequate 25(OH)D status progressively increased the odds of NAFLD when classified categorically as sufficient (25(OH)D 75 nmol/L [>30 ng/mL], reference group), insufficient (37-75 nmol/L [15-30 ng/mL]; adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-6.34) or deficient (<37 nmol/L [<15 ng/mL]; adjusted OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.27-5.19). When modeled as a continuous variable, increased log10 25(OH)D was inversely associated with the risk of prevalent NAFLD (adjusted OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.064-0.96, P=0.02). CONCLUSION Compared with matched controls, patients with NAFLD have significantly decreased serum 25(OH)D levels, suggesting that low 25(OH)D status might play a role in the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Jablonski
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Chau JY, Grunseit A, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Holmen TL, Bauman AE, Van der Ploeg HP. Sedentary behaviour and risk of mortality from all-causes and cardiometabolic diseases in adults: evidence from the HUNT3 population cohort. Br J Sports Med 2013; 49:737-42. [PMID: 23666019 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is a potential risk factor for chronic-ill health and mortality, that is, independent of health-enhancing physical activity. Few studies have investigated the risk of mortality associated with multiple contexts of sedentary behaviour. OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective associations of total sitting time, TV-viewing time and occupational sitting with mortality from all causes and cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS Data from 50,817 adults aged ≥20 years from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 3 (HUNT3) in 2006-2008 were linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry up to 31 December 2010. Cox proportional hazards models examined all-cause and cardiometabolic disease-related mortality associated with total sitting time, TV-viewing and occupational sitting, adjusting for multiple potential confounders including physical activity. RESULTS After mean follow-up of 3.3 years (137,315.8 person-years), 1068 deaths were recorded of which 388 were related to cardiometabolic diseases. HRs for all-cause mortality associated with total sitting time were 1.12 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.42), 1.18 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.57) and 1.65 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.21) for total sitting time 4-<7, 7-<10 and ≥10 h/day, respectively, relative to <4 h/day after adjusting for confounders (p-trend=0.001). A similar pattern of associations was observed between total sitting time and mortality from cardiometabolic diseases, but TV-viewing time and occupational sitting showed no or borderline significant associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic disease-related mortality over the same follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Total sitting time is associated with all-cause and cardiometabolic disease-related mortality in the short term. However, prolonged sitting in specific contexts (ie, watching TV, at work) do not adversely impact health in the same timeframe. These findings suggest that adults should be encouraged to sit less throughout the day to reduce their daily total sitting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Y Chau
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hidde P Van der Ploeg
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Holmen TL, Bratberg G, Krokstad S, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Midthjell K, Heggland J, Holmen J. Cohort profile of the Young-HUNT Study, Norway: a population-based study of adolescents. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 43:536-44. [PMID: 23382364 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Young-HUNT Study is the adolescent part (13-19 years) of HUNT, the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. Three cross-sectional surveys have been conducted: Young-HUNT1 (1995-97), Young-HUNT2 (2000-01) and Young-HUNT3 (2006-08). Major public health issues, including somatic and mental health, quality of life and health behaviours are covered. Young-HUNT was performed in schools visited by trained nurses. Data collection included self-reported questionnaires, structured interviews, clinical measurements and, in Young-HUNT3, buccal smears. The total response rates varied from 90% to 83% and the Young-HUNT database includes 17 820 teenagers. Some Young-HUNT1 participants constitute the baseline for two follow-up studies: a 4-year follow-up through adolescence to Young-HUNT2 and an 11-year follow-up into young adulthood to the adult HUNT3. Longitudinal data are also obtained by linkage of data from Young-HUNT to different national health registers. Linkage to family registers allows the possibility of studying genetic and environmental interactions through generations. Presently 20 PhD students are working with the data, 11 Young-HUNT based PhD theses have been completed and more than 50 scientific papers published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway and Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Central Norway Regional Health Authority, 7600 Levanger, Norway
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Midthjell K, Lee CMY, Langhammer A, Krokstad S, Holmen TL, Hveem K, Colagiuri S, Holmen J. Trends in overweight and obesity over 22 years in a large adult population: the HUNT Study, Norway. Clin Obes 2013; 3:12-20. [PMID: 23935708 PMCID: PMC3734732 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Some reports indicate that the obesity epidemic may be slowing down or halting. We followed body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a large adult population in Norway (n = 90 000) from 1984-1986 (HUNT1) through 1995-1997 (HUNT2) to 2006-2008 (HUNT3) to study whether this is occurring in Norway. Height and weight were measured with standardized and identical methods in all three surveys; WC was also measured in HUNT2 and HUNT3. In the three surveys, mean BMI increased from 25.3 to 26.5 and 27.5 kg m-2 in men and from 25.1 to 26.2 and 26.9 kg m-2 in women. Increase in prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg m-2) was greater in men (from 7.7 to 14.4 and 22.1%) compared with women (from 13.3 to 18.3 and 23.1%). In contrast, women had a greater increase in abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm for men and WC ≥ 88 cm for women). There was a continuous shift in the distribution curve of BMI and WC to the right, demonstrating that the increase in body weight was occurring in all weight groups, but the increase of obesity was greatest in the youngest age groups. Our data showed no signs of a halt in the increase of obesity in this representative Norwegian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Midthjell
- Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevanger, Norway
| | - C M Y Lee
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of SydneySydney, Australia
| | - A Langhammer
- Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevanger, Norway
| | - S Krokstad
- Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevanger, Norway
| | - T L Holmen
- Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevanger, Norway
| | - K Hveem
- Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevanger, Norway
| | - S Colagiuri
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of SydneySydney, Australia
| | - J Holmen
- Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevanger, Norway
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Chau J, Grunseit A, Midjthell K, Holmen J, Holmen T, Bauman A, van der Ploeg H. Total sitting time, leisure screen time and cardiometabolic risk in adults. Cross-sectional analysis of the HUNT3 cohort, Norway. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Langballe EM, Tambs K, Saltvedt I, Midthjell K, Holmen J. The association between vascular factors and subjective memory impairment in older people: The HUNT Study, Norway. Nor J Epidemiol 2012. [DOI: 10.5324/nje.v22i2.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><em><strong>Objectives:</strong></em> Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is often considered an early sign of dementia. This study investigates the relationship between SMI and dementia-related vascular factors in older people.</p><p><em><strong>Method:</strong></em> This study was based on data from 12,255 individuals, 65 years and older, participating in the Nord-Trøndelag health study, third survey 2006-08 (HUNT3). SMI, vascular diseases, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption were self-reported. Blood pressure, cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) were clinically measured. SMI were predicted using linear regression analysis.</p><p><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Stroke and heart disease were associated with SMI. High exercise intensity was associated with less SMI. Respondents with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) reported less SMI than those with moderate SBP. In men, low SBP was associated with significantly more SMI compared to those with moderate SBP. In women, moderate alcohol consumption compared to low alcohol consumption was associated with significantly more SMI.</p><p><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> SMI was positively associated with stroke and heart disease in this study. For the other investigated vascular factors, we did not find strong relationships with SMI. However, for preventive and treatment purposes, it is noteworthy that high exercise intensity and high systolic blood pressure was associated with less SMI in both genders.</p>
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Cuypers K, De Ridder K, Kvaløy K, Knudtsen MS, Krokstad S, Holmen J, Holmen TL. Leisure time activities in adolescence in the presence of susceptibility genes for obesity: risk or resilience against overweight in adulthood? The HUNT study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:820. [PMID: 22998931 PMCID: PMC3491037 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environment, health behavior, and genetic background are important in the development of obesity. Adolescents spend substantial part of daily leisure time on cultural and social activities, but knowledge about the effects of participation in such activities on weight is limited. METHODS A number of 1450 adolescents from the Norwegian HUNT study (1995-97) were followed-up in 2006-08 as young adults. Phenotypic data on lifestyle and anthropometric measures were assessed using questionnaires and standardized clinical examinations. Genotypic information on 12 established obesity-susceptibility loci were available for analyses. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations between cultural and social activities in adolescence and adiposity measures in young adulthood. In addition, interaction effects of a genetic predisposition score by leisure time activities were tested. RESULTS In girls, participation in cultural activities was negatively associated with waist circumference (WC) (B = -0.04, 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.00) and with waist-hip ratio (WHR) (B = -0.058, 95%CI: -0.11 to -0.01). However, participation in social activities was positively associated with WC (B = 0.040, CI: 0.00 to 0.08) in girls and with BMI (B = 0.027, CI: 0.00 to 0.05) in boys. The effect of the obesity-susceptibility genetic variants on anthropometric measures was lower in adolescents with high participation in cultural activities compared to adolescents with low participation. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the effects of cultural activities on body fat are different from the effects of participation in social activities. The protective influence of cultural activities in female adolescents against overweight in adulthood and their moderating effect on obesity-susceptibility genes suggest that even cultural activities may be useful in public health strategies against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koenraad Cuypers
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian, University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600, Levanger, Norway.
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Langhammer A, Krokstad S, Romundstad P, Heggland J, Holmen J. The HUNT study: participation is associated with survival and depends on socioeconomic status, diseases and symptoms. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012; 12:143. [PMID: 22978749 PMCID: PMC3512497 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population based studies are important for prevalence, incidence and association studies, but their external validity might be threatened by decreasing participation rates. The 50 807 participants in the third survey of the HUNT Study (HUNT3, 2006-08), represented 54% of the invited, necessitating a nonparticipation study. Methods Questionnaire data from HUNT3 were compared with data collected from several sources: a short questionnaire to nonparticipants, anonymous data on specific diagnoses and prescribed medication extracted from randomly selected general practices, registry data from Statistics Norway on socioeconomic factors and mortality, and from the Norwegian Prescription Database on drug consumption. Results Participation rates for HUNT3 depended on age, sex and type of symptoms and diseases, but only small changes were found in the overall prevalence estimates when including data from 6922 nonparticipants. Among nonparticipants, the prevalences of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and psychiatric disorders were higher both in nonparticipant data and data extracted from general practice, compared to that reported by participants, whilst the opposite pattern was found, at least among persons younger than 80 years, for urine incontinence, musculoskeletal pain and headache. Registry data showed that the nonparticipants had lower socioeconomic status and a higher mortality than participants. Conclusion Nonparticipants had lower socioeconomic status, higher mortality and showed higher prevalences of several chronic diseases, whilst opposite patterns were found for common problems like musculoskeletal pain, urine incontinence and headache. The impact on associations should be analyzed for each diagnosis, and data making such analyses possible are provided in the present paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
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Krokstad S, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Holmen TL, Midthjell K, Stene TR, Bratberg G, Heggland J, Holmen J. Cohort Profile: the HUNT Study, Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 42:968-77. [PMID: 22879362 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 785] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The HUNT Study includes large total population-based cohorts from the 1980ies, covering 125 000 Norwegian participants; HUNT1 (1984-86), HUNT2 (1995-97) and HUNT3 (2006-08). The study was primarily set up to address arterial hypertension, diabetes, screening of tuberculosis, and quality of life. However, the scope has expanded over time. In the latest survey a state of the art biobank was established, with availability of biomaterial for decades ahead. The three population based surveys now contribute to important knowledge regarding health related lifestyle, prevalence and incidence of somatic and mental illness and disease, health determinants, and associations between disease phenotypes and genotypes. Every citizen of Nord-Trøndelag County in Norway being 20 years or older, have been invited to all the surveys for adults. Participants may be linked in families and followed up longitudinally between the surveys and in several national health- and other registers covering the total population. The HUNT Study includes data from questionnaires, interviews, clinical measurements and biological samples (blood and urine). The questionnaires included questions on socioeconomic conditions, health related behaviours, symptoms, illnesses and diseases. Data from the HUNT Study are available for researchers who satisfy some basic requirements (www.ntnu.edu/hunt), whether affiliated in Norway or abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Authority, Norway
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Sørensen T, Danbolt LJ, Lien L, Koenig HG, Holmen J. The relationship between religious attendance and blood pressure: the HUNT Study, Norway. Int J Psychiatry Med 2012; 42:13-28. [PMID: 22372022 DOI: 10.2190/pm.42.1.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research from the United States shows a possible relationship between religious attendance (RA) and blood pressure (BP). The religious context in the United States differs widely from Scandinavia. The aim was, therefore, to test whether the relationship between RA and BP is specific to the religious culture in the United States or whether a similar relationship exists between RA and BP in a Norwegian context. DESIGN AND METHOD Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study's third wave, HUNT 3 (2006-08), was used. The associations between RA and diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure in women (n = 20,066) and men (n = 15,898) were investigated in a cross-sectional study using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Mean DBP for women/men was 71.0 mmHg/76.7 mmHg. Mean SBP was 128.5 mmHg/134.0 mmHg; 39.1%/42.8% of women/men never attended religious services, 3.8%/3.4% attended more than 3x/month. The bivariate associations were statistically significant between RA and SBP in both genders and women's DBP but not men's DBP. After adjustment, inverse associations between RA and DBP/SBP for both genders were found. The RA-DBP relationship (p < 0.001) demonstrated a gradient in effect for both genders, with increasing RA associated with decreasing DBP, with 1.50/1.67 mmHg lower in women/men respectively in those attending more than 3x/month, 0.87/1.16 mmHg lower in those attending 1-3x/month, and 0.49/0.10 mmHg less in those attending 1-6x/6 months. Differences in RA-SBP (p < 0.05) were 2.12/1.71 mmHg, 0.30/0.11 mmHg, and 0.58/0.63 mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSION In a large population-based survey in Norway, RA was associated with lower DBP and SBP after adjusting for relevant variables.
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Boraska V, Day-Williams A, Franklin CS, Elliott KS, Panoutsopoulou K, Tachmazidou I, Albrecht E, Bandinelli S, Beilin LJ, Bochud M, Cadby G, Ernst F, Evans DM, Hayward C, Hicks AA, Huffman J, Huth C, James AL, Klopp N, Kolcic I, Kutalik Z, Lawlor DA, Musk AW, Pehlic M, Pennell CE, Perry JRB, Peters A, Polasek O, Pourcain BS, Ring SM, Salvi E, Schipf S, Staessen JA, Teumer A, Timpson N, Vitart V, Warrington NM, Yaghootkar H, Zemunik T, Zgaga L, An P, Anttila V, Borecki IB, Holmen J, Ntalla I, Palotie A, Pietiläinen KH, Wedenoja J, Winsvold BS, Dedoussis GV, Kaprio J, Province MA, Zwart JA, Burnier M, Campbell H, Cusi D, Davey Smith G, Frayling TM, Gieger C, Palmer LJ, Pramstaller PP, Rudan I, Völzke H, Wichmann HE, Wright AF, Zeggini E. Genome-wide association study to identify common variants associated with brachial circumference: a meta-analysis of 14 cohorts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31369. [PMID: 22479309 PMCID: PMC3315559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachial circumference (BC), also known as upper arm or mid arm circumference, can be used as an indicator of muscle mass and fat tissue, which are distributed differently in men and women. Analysis of anthropometric measures of peripheral fat distribution such as BC could help in understanding the complex pathophysiology behind overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with BC through a large-scale genome-wide association scan (GWAS) meta-analysis. We used fixed-effects meta-analysis to synthesise summary results across 14 GWAS discovery and 4 replication cohorts comprising overall 22,376 individuals (12,031 women and 10,345 men) of European ancestry. Individual analyses were carried out for men, women, and combined across sexes using linear regression and an additive genetic model: adjusted for age and adjusted for age and BMI. We prioritised signals for follow-up in two-stages. We did not detect any signals reaching genome-wide significance. The FTO rs9939609 SNP showed nominal evidence for association (p<0.05) in the age-adjusted strata for men and across both sexes. In this first GWAS meta-analysis for BC to date, we have not identified any genome-wide significant signals and do not observe robust association of previously established obesity loci with BC. Large-scale collaborations will be necessary to achieve higher power to detect loci underlying BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Boraska
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- * E-mail: (VB); (EZ)
| | - Aaron Day-Williams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Franklin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine S. Elliott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kalliope Panoutsopoulou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Tachmazidou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Florian Ernst
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alan L. James
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology/West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Norman Klopp
- Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur W. Musk
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Schools of Population Health and Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marina Pehlic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R. B. Perry
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M. Ring
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Platform, Fondazione Filarete, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine/SHIP-Clinical Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicholas Timpson
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole M. Warrington
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Centre for Population Health Sciences and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Verneri Anttila
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Athens, Greece
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bendik S. Winsvold
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - George V. Dedoussis
- Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Dept of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael A. Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Platform, Fondazione Filarete, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Division of Nephrology, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Igor Rudan
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine/SHIP-Clinical Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H. -Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Morgan Building, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (VB); (EZ)
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Holmen J. Er svaret enda flere piller? Tidsskriftet 2012; 132:1202. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Bergh S, Holmen J, Saltvedt I, Tambs K, Selbæk G. Demens og nevropsykiatriske symptomer hos sykehjemspasienter i Nord-Trøndelag. Tidsskriftet 2012; 132:1956-9. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Cuypers K, Kvaløy K, Bratberg G, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Holmen TL. Being Normal Weight but Feeling Overweight in Adolescence May Affect Weight Development into Young Adulthood-An 11-Year Followup: The HUNT Study, Norway. J Obes 2012; 2012:601872. [PMID: 22666556 PMCID: PMC3362140 DOI: 10.1155/2012/601872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To explore if self-perceived overweight in normal weight adolescents influence their weight development into young adulthood and if so, whether physical activity moderates this association. Methods. A longitudinal study of 1196 normal weight adolescents (13-19 yrs) who were followed up as young adults (24-30 yrs) in the HUNT study. Lifestyle and health issues were assessed employing questionnaires, and standardized anthropometric measurements were taken. Chi square calculations and regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between self-perceived overweight and change in BMI or waist circumference (WC) adjusted for age, age squared, sex, and other relevant cofactors. Results. Adolescents, defined as being normal weight, but who perceived themselves as overweight had a larger weight gain into young adulthood than adolescents who perceived themselves as normal weight (difference in BMI: 0.66 units [CI95%: 0.1, 1.2] and in WC: 3.46 cm [CI95%: 1.8, 5.1]). Level of physical activity was not found to moderate this association. Conclusions. This study reveals that self-perceived overweight during adolescence may affect development of weight from adolescence into young adulthood. This highlights the importance of also focusing on body image in public health interventions against obesity, favouring a "healthy" body weight taking into account natural differences in body shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koenraad Cuypers
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
- *Koenraad Cuypers:
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Grete Bratberg
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
- Research Department, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
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Hildrum B, Romild U, Holmen J. Anxiety and depression lowers blood pressure: 22-year follow-up of the population based HUNT study, Norway. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:601. [PMID: 21797992 PMCID: PMC3162525 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For decades, symptoms of anxiety and depression have been included among psychological factors associated with development of hypertension. Although this has been questioned in recent studies, most findings have been based on a single assessment of mental distress at baseline. We examined these associations using repeated assessments of anxiety, depression and blood pressure. Methods Data on 17,410 men and women aged 20 to 67 participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway in 1984-86 were re-examined 11 and 22 years later. The main outcome was change in mean blood pressure (mm Hg) during follow-up. Results We found that a high symptom level score (≥80th percentile) of combined anxiety and depression at baseline, as compared to a lower symptom level, was associated with lower mean systolic (-0.67 mm Hg, p = 0.044) and diastolic (-0.25 mm Hg, p = 0.201) blood pressure at year 22. A high symptom level present at all three examinations was associated with a stronger decrease in mean systolic (-1.59 mm Hg, p = 0.004) and diastolic (-0.78 mm Hg, p = 0.019) blood pressure and with a 20% (p = 0.001) lower risk of developing hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) at year 22. The associations were only slightly attenuated in multivariate analyses, with no evidence of a mediating effect of alteration in heart rate. Conclusions This study do not support previous hypothesis that emotional stress may be a cause of hypertension. Our findings indicate that symptoms of anxiety and depression are associated with decrease in blood pressure, particularly when a high symptom level can be detected over decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Hildrum
- Department of Psychiatry, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Norway.
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Cuypers K, Krokstad S, Lingaas Holmen T, Skjei Knudtsen M, Bygren LO, Holmen J. Patterns of receptive and creative cultural activities and their association with perceived health, anxiety, depression and satisfaction with life among adults: the HUNT study, Norway. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 66:698-703. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.113571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Holme I, Storaas B, Bjerve K, Høstmark AT, Holmen J. Kan apolipoprotein-nivåer målt fra opptinte blodprøver etter 12-14 års nedfrysing brukes for epidemiologiske formål? En pilotanalyse av HUNT 2-data. Nor J Epidemiol 2011. [DOI: 10.5324/nje.v20i1.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
I Norge er det lagret store mengder nedfrosne blodprøver fra helseundersøkelser av ulike slag. Stabilitet av målinger av apolipoproteiner fra langtids nedfrosne blodprøver er lite dokumentert. Ny forståelse av lipoproteinenes fysiologi og betydning for utvikling av ateromatose reiser spørsmålet om andre lipoproteinkomponenter enn total (TC), LDL (LDL-C) og HDL-kolesterol (HDL-C) bør vurderes som risikomarkører. Ikke minst gjelder dette apolipoproteinene og balansen mellom apolipoprotein B (apoB) og apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1). Nedfrosne blodprøver kunne kanskje anvendes til å analysere sammenheng mellom nivåer på apolipoproteiner og utvikling av kardiovaskulære hendelser, hvis det ikke har skjedd vesentlige konsentrasjonsforandringer under lagring. For å undersøke dette ble det foretatt en pilotstudie av blodprøver fra 300 personer i HUNT 2. For disse hadde en ferske blodprøver, og i 2009 opptinte blodprøvemålinger av lipoproteiner samt apoB og apo A-1. Disse har bare vært lagret ved –40 ºC. Resultatene viste at TC var øket med 0,3 mmol/L fra fersk til smeltet tilstand til tross for at HDL-C var blitt redusert med 0,25 mmol/L. Korrelasjonene mellom ferske og opptinte prøver var høye (0,93-0,99). Variasjonskoeffisientene var derimot høye (5,8-13,7%) og endringene var nivåavhengige. Nivåene på apolipoproteinene var klart høyere, mens apoB/apoA-1 ratio samsvarte mer med andre studierapporter. Korrelasjonene mellom apo-og lipoproteiner var på et nivå man gjenfinner i andre studier. Resultatene må tolkes som bare indikative på at apolipoproteiner, og da spesielt ratio apoB/apoA-1, kan brukes i HUNT 2 til prognostiske studier av kardiovaskulære hendelser og død. Hoveddelen av HUNT 2 biobank har imidlertid ligget i ro i –80 ºC og lipoproteiner endres neppe ved denne temperatur. Prognostiske studier med apolipoproteiner som prediktorer burde derfor med rimelig sikkerhet kunne utføres i HUNT 2. Endelig bevis for dette kan imidlertid først oppnås når slike opptinte prøver blir analysert.Can frozen and thawed blood samples stored for 12-14 years be used to measure levels of apolipoproteins? Analysis from HUNT 2 data. English Summary: In Norway, large numbers of frozen blood samples from health surveys are stored in freezers at –70 to –80 ºC. An assumption has been that levels of lipoproteins (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)) have been kept at constant levels during long-term storage. The stability of long-term storage of apolipoproteins is weakly documented. The Health Survey of Nord-Trøndelag in 1995-97 (HUNT 2) provides the possibility to analyse relationships between levels of lipoproteins and incident cardiovascular disease. A project group consisting of the present authors questioned whether use of apolipoproteins as risk markers may give at least as good predictive value as the traditional lipoproteins and whether the frozen samples in HUNT 2 can be used for this purpose. To investigate this issue a pilot study based on 300 thawed blood samples from HUNT 2 was performed. For these subjects lipoprotein levels measured at screening in 1995-97 were available as well as the same levels from the thawed samples including also apolipoprotein B (apoB) and apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1). For special reasons these samples had only been frozen down to –40 ºC.
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Wangensteen T, Akselsen H, Holmen J, Undlien D, Retterstøl L. A common haplotype in NAPEPLD is associated with severe obesity in a Norwegian population-based cohort (the HUNT study). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:612-7. [PMID: 20885390 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has a strong genetic etiology involving numerous identified metabolic pathways and others not yet examined. We investigated the association between severe obesity and genetic variation in selected candidate genes, including three drug-related genes: cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPEPLD), and gastric lipase (LIPF); and three genes related to inflammation: nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). Subjects were 1,632 individuals with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²) and 3,379 controls (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m²) that took part in a Norwegian population based cohort study. Tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the coding region of these genes were analyzed. SNP-haplotypes for each gene were constructed in order to analyze allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic association to obesity. A single SNPs rs17605251 in NAPEPLD was nominally associated with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (P = 0.035). A common haplotype in NAPEPLD was associated with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² after correction for multiple testing. The allele frequency was 56.8% in cases and 60.3% in controls, giving an odds ratio (OR) of 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79, 0.95; P = 0.0016). Homozygosity for this haplotype was protective against obesity (OR 0.79 (CI 0.70-0.91); P = 0.00059). The SNP rs7913071 in LIPF was associated with obesity, but the association lost statistical significance after correction for multiple testing. The CNR1, IL-18, STEAP4, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase genes were not associated with obesity. In conclusion a common haplotype in NAPEPLD, an enzyme involved in endocannabinoid synthesis, was protective against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Wangensteen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Kvamme JM, Holmen J, Wilsgaard T, Florholmen J, Midthjell K, Jacobsen BK. Body mass index and mortality in elderly men and women: the Tromso and HUNT studies. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 66:611-7. [PMID: 21321065 PMCID: PMC3368492 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.123232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (WC) on mortality in elderly individuals is controversial and previous research has largely focused on obesity. METHODS With special attention to the lower BMI categories, associations between BMI and both total and cause-specific mortality were explored in 7604 men and 9107 women aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the Tromsø Study (1994-1995) or the North-Trøndelag Health Study (1995-1997). A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, marital status, education and smoking was used to estimate HRs for mortality in different BMI categories using the BMI range of 25-27.5 as a reference. The impact of each 2.5 kg/m(2) difference in BMI on mortality in individuals with BMI < 25.0 and BMI ≥ 25.0 was also explored. Furthermore, the relations between WC and mortality were assessed. RESULTS We identified 7474 deaths during a mean follow-up of 9.3 years. The lowest mortality was found in the BMI range 25-29.9 and 25-32.4 in men and women, respectively. Mortality was increased in all BMI categories below 25 and was moderately increased in obese individuals. U-shaped relationships were also found between WC and total mortality. About 40% of the excess mortality in the lower BMI range in men was explained by mortality from respiratory diseases. CONCLUSIONS BMI below 25 in elderly men and women was associated with increased mortality. A modest increase in mortality was found with increasing BMI among obese men and women. Overweight individuals (BMI 25-29.9) had the lowest mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Magnus Kvamme
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Holmen T, Holmen J. Minneord. Tidsskriftet 2011. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Svebak S, Romundstad S, Holmen J. A 7-year prospective study of sense of humor and mortality in an adult county population: the HUNT-2 study. Int J Psychiatry Med 2010; 40:125-46. [PMID: 20848871 DOI: 10.2190/pm.40.2.a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively explore the significance of sense of humor for survival over 7 years in an adult county population. METHODS Residents in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, aged 20 and older, were invited to take part in a public health survey during 1995-97 (HUNT-2), and 66,140 (71.2 %) participated. Sense of humor was estimated by responses to a cognitive (N = 53,546), social (N = 52,198), and affective (N = 53,132) item, respectively, taken from the Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ). Sum scores were tested by Cox survival regression analyses applied to gender, age, and subjective health. RESULTS Hazard ratios were reduced with sense of humor (continuous scale: HR = 0.73; high versus low by median split: HR = 0.50) as contrasted with increase of HR with a number of classical risk factors (e.g., cardiovascular disease: HR = 6.28; diabetes: HR = 4.86; cancer: HR = 4.18; poor subjective health: HR = 2.89). Gender proved to be of trivial importance to the effect of sense of humor in survival. Subjective health correlated positively with sense of humor and therefore might have presented a spurious relation of survival with humor, but sense of humor proved to reduce HR both in individuals with poor and good subjective health. However, above age 65 the effect of sense of humor on survival became less evident. CONCLUSION Sense of humor appeared to increase the probability of survival into retirement, and this effect appeared independent of subjective health. Age under 65 mediated this effect, whereas it disappeared beyond this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Svebak
- The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Winsvold BS, Hagen K, Aamodt AH, Stovner LJ, Holmen J, Zwart JA. Headache, migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: The HUNT study. Eur J Neurol 2010; 18:504-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wangensteen T, Egeland T, Akselsen H, Holmen J, Undlien D, Retterstøl L. FTO genotype and weight gain in obese and normal weight adults from a Norwegian population based cohort (the HUNT study). Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010; 118:649-52. [PMID: 20373279 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity associated gene ( FTO) is associated with bodyweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate if FTO genotype affects weight gain in adulthood. We investigated the weight development over a period of 11 years in a case-control study, consisting of 1,632 cases (BMI≥35 kg/m (2)) and 3,379 normal weight controls (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m (2)) from a Norwegian population based cohort, the HUNT study. Subjects were aged 20-80 at baseline, 25% men and 75% women. FTO genotype was assessed by genotyping of the SNP rs1421085. A strong association between FTO and obesity was found, consistent with an additive gene effect. Cases had an average weight gain of 11.1 kg, whereas controls had an average weight gain of 1.4 kg. Genotype was neither associated with weight gain in obese, nor controls. Cases had an average weight gain of 10.7 kg for individuals with zero risk alleles, 11.3 for one risk allele and 11.1 kg for two risk alleles. Controls had an average weight gain of 1.4 kg, 1.4 and 1.3 for the respective genotypes. In conclusion, FTO was associated with obesity, but not with weight gain in adults during 11 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wangensteen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Bjornelv S, Lydersen S, Holmen J, Lund Nilsen TI, Holmen TL. Sex differences in time trends for overweight and obesity in adolescents: the Young-HUNT study. Scand J Public Health 2009; 37:881-9. [PMID: 19736250 DOI: 10.1177/1403494809347022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate sex differences in the prevalence and extent of overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 14-18 years. METHODS Standardized measurements of height and weight were collected from surveys of adolescents in the same geographical area in 1966-69 (n = 8378) and in 1995-97 (n = 6673). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were calculated using criteria approved by the International Obesity Task Force. The extents of overweight and obesity were assessed by computing age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles. RESULTS In 1995-97, 17.2% met the criteria for either overweight or obesity, as compared with 10.7% in 1966-69. The prevalence of overweight and obesity combined was higher in girls (13.0%) than in boys (8.5%) in 1966-69 (difference 4.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-5.9), while no sex difference was found in 1995-97 (girls 16.9%, boys 17.5%, difference -0.6, 95% CI -2.3-1.1). The increase in overweight was greater in boys (6.2PP, 95% CI 4.7-7.6) than in girls (1.9PP, 95% CI 0.4-3.5), while the sex difference in increased obesity was smaller (boys 2.8PP, 95% CI 2.1-3.4, girls 2.0PP, 95% CI 1.3-2.6). The increase in extent of overweight and obesity was highest in boys. The values of the 85th percentile and the 95th percentile in boys increased by 1.3 and 3.0 BMI units, respectively. The corresponding increases in girls were 0.7 and 1.7 BMI units. CONCLUSIONS A marked sex difference in time trends for both the prevalence and extent of overweight and obesity, with a more pronounced increase in boys than in girls, was demonstrated. This might have implications for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Bjornelv
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Verdal, Norway.
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