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Brunette CA, Yi T, Danowski ME, Cardellino M, Harrison A, Assimes TL, Knowles JW, Christensen KD, Sturm AC, Sun YV, Hui Q, Pyarajan S, Shi Y, Whitbourne SB, Gaziano JM, Muralidhar S, Vassy JL. Development and utility of a clinical research informatics application for participant recruitment and workflow management for a return of results pilot trial in familial hypercholesterolemia in the Million Veteran Program. JAMIA Open 2024; 7:ooae020. [PMID: 38464744 PMCID: PMC10923213 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The development of clinical research informatics tools and workflow processes associated with re-engaging biobank participants has become necessary as genomic repositories increasingly consider the return of actionable research results. Materials and Methods Here we describe the development and utility of an informatics application for participant recruitment and enrollment management for the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program Return Of Actionable Results Study, a randomized controlled pilot trial returning individual genetic results associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. Results The application is developed in Python-Flask and was placed into production in November 2021. The application includes modules for chart review, medication reconciliation, participant contact and biospecimen logging, survey recording, randomization, and documentation of genetic counseling and result disclosure. Three primary users, a genetic counselor and two research coordinators, and 326 Veteran participants have been integrated into the system as of February 23, 2023. The application has successfully handled 3367 task requests involving greater than 95 000 structured data points. Specifically, application users have recorded 326 chart reviews, 867 recruitment telephone calls, 158 telephone-based surveys, and 61 return of results genetic counseling sessions, among other available study tasks. Conclusion The development of usable, customizable, and secure informatics tools will become increasingly important as large genomic repositories begin to return research results at scale. Our work provides a proof-of-concept for developing and using such tools to aid in managing the return of results process within a national biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Brunette
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Yi
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Morgan E Danowski
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Cardellino
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alicia Harrison
- Genetic Counseling Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Family Heart Foundation, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Kurt D Christensen
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yan V Sun
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qin Hui
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yunling Shi
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stacey B Whitbourne
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sumitra Muralidhar
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jason L Vassy
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Population Precision Health, Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, United States
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Smith JL, Tcheandjieu C, Dikilitas O, Iyer K, Miyazawa K, Hilliard A, Lynch J, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Sheu WHH, Chang KM, Kanoni S, Tsao P, Ito K, Kosel M, Clarke SL, Schaid DJ, Assimes TL, Kullo IJ. Multi-Ancestry Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease Based on an Ancestrally Diverse Genome-Wide Association Study and Population-Specific Optimization. Circ Genom Precis Med 2024:e004272. [PMID: 38380516 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive performance of polygenic risk scores (PRS) varies across populations. To facilitate equitable clinical use, we developed PRS for coronary heart disease (CHD; PRSCHD) for 5 genetic ancestry groups. METHODS We derived ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSCHD based on pruning and thresholding and continuous shrinkage priors (polygenic risk score for CHD developed using ancestry-based continuous shrinkage methods) applied to summary statistics from the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis for CHD to date, including 1.1 million participants from 5 major genetic ancestry groups. Following training and optimization in the Million Veteran Program, we evaluated the best-performing PRSCHD in 176 988 individuals across 9 diverse cohorts. RESULTS Multi-ancestry polygenic risk score for CHD developed using pruning and thresholding methods and polygenic risk score for CHD developed using ancestry-based continuous shrinkage methods outperformed ancestry-specific Polygenic risk score for CHD developed using pruning and thresholding methods and polygenic risk score for CHD developed using ancestry-based continuous shrinkage methods across a range of tuning values. Two best-performing multi-ancestry PRSCHD (ie, polygenic risk score for CHD developed using pruning and thresholding methods optimized using a multi-ancestry population and polygenic risk score for CHD developed using ancestry-based continuous shrinkage methods optimized using a multi-ancestry population) and 1 ancestry-specific (PRSCSxEUR) were taken forward for validation. Polygenic risk score for CHD developed using pruning and thresholding methods (PT) optimized using a multi-ancestry population demonstrated the strongest association with CHD in individuals of South Asian genetic ancestry and European genetic ancestry (odds ratio per 1 SD [95% CI, 2.75 [2.41-3.14], 1.65 [1.59-1.72]), followed by East Asian genetic ancestry (1.56 [1.50-1.61]), Hispanic/Latino genetic ancestry (1.38 [1.24-1.54]), and African genetic ancestry (1.16 [1.11-1.21]). Polygenic risk score for CHD developed using ancestry-based continuous shrinkage methods optimized using a multi-ancestry population showed the strongest associations in South Asian genetic ancestry (2.67 [2.38-3.00]) and European genetic ancestry (1.65 [1.59-1.71]), lower in East Asian genetic ancestry (1.59 [1.54-1.64]), Hispanic/Latino genetic ancestry (1.51 [1.35-1.69]), and the lowest in African genetic ancestry (1.20 [1.15-1.26]). CONCLUSIONS The use of summary statistics from a large multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis improved the performance of PRSCHD in most ancestry groups compared with single-ancestry methods. Despite the use of one of the largest and most diverse sets of training and validation cohorts to date, improvement of predictive performance was limited in African genetic ancestry. This highlights the need for larger Genome-wide association study datasets of underrepresented populations to enhance the performance of PRSCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.L.S., O.D., I.J.K.)
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (C.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.T., S.L.C.)
| | - Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.L.S., O.D., I.J.K.)
| | - Kruthika Iyer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K. Iyer, A.H.)
| | - Kazuo Miyazawa
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan (K.M., K. Ito)
| | - Austin Hilliard
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institute, San Francisco VA Palo Alto Health Care System (A.H., P.T., S.L.C.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.T., S.L.C.)
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K. Iyer, A.H.)
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.)
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.)
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institute (W.H.-H.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (W.H.-H.S.)
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (K.-M.C.)
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Queen Mary University of London, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.K.)
| | - Phil Tsao
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institute, San Francisco VA Palo Alto Health Care System (A.H., P.T., S.L.C.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.T., S.L.C.)
- Stanford University, Stanford (P.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan (K.M., K. Ito)
| | - Matthew Kosel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.K., D.J.S.)
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institute, San Francisco VA Palo Alto Health Care System (A.H., P.T., S.L.C.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.T., S.L.C.)
- Stanford University, Stanford (P.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.K., D.J.S.)
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Saliba-Gustafsson P, Justesen JM, Ranta A, Sharma D, Bielczyk-Maczynska E, Li J, Najmi LA, Apodaka M, Aspichueta P, Björck HM, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A, Gloudemans M, Mujica E, den Hoed M, Assimes TL, Quertermous T, Carcamo-Orive I, Park CY, Knowles JW. A functional genomic framework to elucidate novel causal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease genes. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.03.24302258. [PMID: 38352379 PMCID: PMC10863038 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.24302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Background & Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver pathology in western countries, with serious public health consequences. Efforts to identify causal genes for NAFLD have been hampered by the relative paucity of human data from gold-standard magnetic resonance quantification of hepatic fat. To overcome insufficient sample size, genome-wide association studies using NAFLD surrogate phenotypes have been used, but only a small number of loci have been identified to date. In this study, we combined GWAS of NAFLD composite surrogate phenotypes with genetic colocalization studies followed by functional in vitro screens to identify bona fide causal genes for NAFLD. Approach & Results We used the UK Biobank to explore the associations of our novel NAFLD score, and genetic colocalization to prioritize putative causal genes for in vitro validation. We created a functional genomic framework to study NAFLD genes in vitro using CRISPRi. Our data identify VKORC1, TNKS, LYPLAL1 and GPAM as regulators of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and suggest the involvement of VKORC1 in the lipid storage related to the development of NAFLD. Conclusions Complementary genetic and genomic approaches are useful for the identification of NAFLD genes. Our data supports VKORC1 as a bona fide NAFLD gene. We have established a functional genomic framework to study at scale putative novel NAFLD genes from human genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Saliba-Gustafsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- CardioMetabolic Unit at the Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Johanne M. Justesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Ranta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Disha Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Laeya A. Najmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Maider Apodaka
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Physiology, Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Physiology, Leioa, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
| | - Hanna M. Björck
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Inistitutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Inistitutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Mike Gloudemans
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Endrina Mujica
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto CA, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Chong Y. Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W. Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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4
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Reynolds LM, Houston DK, Skiba MB, Whitsel EA, Stewart JD, Li Y, Zannas AS, Assimes TL, Horvath S, Bhatti P, Baccarelli AA, Tooze JA, Vitolins MZ. Diet Quality and Epigenetic Aging in the Women's Health Initiative. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00002-9. [PMID: 38215906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher diet quality scores are associated with a lower risk for many chronic diseases and all-cause mortality; however, it is unclear if diet quality is associated with aging biology. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between diet quality and a measure of biological aging known as epigenetic aging. DESIGN A cross-sectional data analysis was used to examine the association between three diet quality scores based on self-reported food frequency questionnaire data and five measures of epigenetic aging based on DNA methylation (DNAm) data from peripheral blood. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING This study included 4,500 postmenopausal women recruited from multiple sites across the United States (1993-98), aged 50 to 79 years, with food frequency questionnaire and DNAm data available from the Women's Health Initiative baseline visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Five established epigenetic aging measures were generated from HumanMethylation450 Beadchip DNAm data, including AgeAccelHannum, AgeAccelHorvath, AgeAccelPheno, AgeAccelGrim, and DunedinPACE. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Linear mixed models were used to test for associations between three diet quality scores (Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and alternate Mediterranean diet scores) and epigenetic aging measures, adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, education, tobacco smoking, physical activity, Women's Health Initiative substudy from which DNAm data were obtained, and DNAm-based estimates of leukocyte proportions. RESULTS Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and alternate Mediterranean diet scores were all inversely associated with AgeAccelPheno, AgeAccelGrim, and DunedinPACE (P < 0.05), with the largest effects with DunedinPACE. A one standard deviation increment in diet quality scores was associated with a decrement (β ± SE) in DunedinPACE z score of -0.097 ± 0.014 (P = 9.70 x 10-13) for Healthy Eating Index, -0.107 ± 0.014 (P = 1.53 x 10-14) for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and -0.068 ± 0.013 (P = 2.31 x 10-07) for the alternate Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women, diet quality scores were inversely associated with DNAm-based measures of biological aging, particularly DunedinPACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Reynolds
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
| | - Denise K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Meghan B Skiba
- Division of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anthony S Zannas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Altos Labs, San Diego, California
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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5
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Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Pittaras A, Samuel IBH, Lavie CJ, Vargas JD, Lamonte M, Franklin B, Assimes TL, Murphy R, Zhang J, Sui X, Myers J. Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2023. [PMID: 38152843 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Preventive strategies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) include pharmacotherapies and lifestyle modifications. However, the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed objectively by a standardized exercise treadmill test (ETT) and the risk of HFpEF has not been evaluated. Thus, we evaluated the association between CRF and HFpEF incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed CRF in US Veterans (624 551 men; mean age 61.2 ± 9.7 years and 43 179 women; mean age 55.0 ± 8.9 years) by a standardized ETT performed between 1999 and 2020 across US Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. All had no evidence of heart failure or myocardial infarction prior to completion of the ETT. We assigned participants to one of five age- and gender-specific CRF categories (quintiles) based on peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved during the ETT and four categories based on CRF changes in those with two ETT evaluations (n = 139 434) ≥1.0 year apart. During a median follow-up of 10.1 years (interquartile range 6.0-14.3 years), providing 6 879 229 person-years, there were 16 493 HFpEF events with an average annual rate of 2.4 events per 1000 person-years. The adjusted risk of HFpEF decreased across CRF categories as CRF increased, independent of comorbidities. For fit individuals (≥10.5 METs) the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-0.51) compared with least fit (≤4.9 METs; referent). Being unfit carried the highest risk (HR 2.88, 95% CI 2.67-3.11) of any other comorbidity. The risk of unfit individuals who became fit was 37% lower (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.57-0.71), compared to those who remained unfit. CONCLUSIONS Higher CRF levels are independently associated with lower HFpEF in a dose-response manner. Changes in CRF reflected proportional changes in HFpEF risk, suggesting that the HFpEF risk was modulated by CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kokkinos
- Cardiology Division, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Faselis
- DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andreas Pittaras
- Cardiology Division, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Immanuel Babu Henry Samuel
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- The Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jose D Vargas
- Cardiology Division, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Lamonte
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Barry Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Rayelynn Murphy
- Cardiology Division, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina System, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Armstrong ND, Srinivasasainagendra V, Ammous F, Assimes TL, Beitelshees AL, Brody J, Cade BE, Ida Chen YD, Chen H, de Vries PS, Floyd JS, Franceschini N, Guo X, Hellwege JN, House JS, Hwu CM, Kardia SLR, Lange EM, Lange LA, McDonough CW, Montasser ME, O’Connell JR, Shuey MM, Sun X, Tanner RM, Wang Z, Zhao W, Carson AP, Edwards TL, Kelly TN, Kenny EE, Kooperberg C, Loos RJF, Morrison AC, Motsinger-Reif A, Psaty BM, Rao DC, Redline S, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Smith JA, Smith AV, Irvin MR, Arnett DK. Whole genome sequence analysis of apparent treatment resistant hypertension status in participants from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program. Front Genet 2023; 14:1278215. [PMID: 38162683 PMCID: PMC10755672 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1278215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is characterized by the use of four or more antihypertensive (AHT) classes to achieve blood pressure (BP) control. In the current study, we conducted single-variant and gene-based analyses of aTRH among individuals from 12 Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine cohorts with whole-genome sequencing data. Methods: Cases were defined as individuals treated for hypertension (HTN) taking three different AHT classes, with average systolic BP ≥ 140 or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or four or more medications regardless of BP (n = 1,705). A normotensive control group was defined as individuals with BP < 140/90 mmHg (n = 22,079), not on AHT medication. A second control group comprised individuals who were treatment responsive on one AHT medication with BP < 140/ 90 mmHg (n = 5,424). Logistic regression with kinship adjustment using the Scalable and Accurate Implementation of Generalized mixed models (SAIGE) was performed, adjusting for age, sex, and genetic ancestry. We assessed variants using SKAT-O in rare-variant analyses. Single-variant and gene-based tests were conducted in a pooled multi-ethnicity stratum, as well as self-reported ethnic/racial strata (European and African American). Results: One variant in the known HTN locus, KCNK3, was a top finding in the multi-ethnic analysis (p = 8.23E-07) for the normotensive control group [rs12476527, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.80 (0.74-0.88)]. This variant was replicated in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center's DNA repository data. Aggregate gene-based signals included the genes AGTPBP, MYL4, PDCD4, BBS9, ERG, and IER3. Discussion: Additional work validating these loci in larger, more diverse populations, is warranted to determine whether these regions influence the pathobiology of aTRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Farah Ammous
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Amber L. Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul S. de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James S. Floyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Jacklyn N. Hellwege
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John S. House
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Caitrin W. McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - May E. Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Megan M. Shuey
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rikki M. Tanner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - April P. Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tanika N. Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dabeeru C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Office of the Provost, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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7
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Meeks KAC, Bentley AR, Assimes TL, Franceschini N, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN, Doumatey AP. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a causal role for circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels in homeostatic model assessment-derived measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in Africans without type 2 diabetes. Genome Med 2023; 15:108. [PMID: 38049854 PMCID: PMC10694992 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that certain cytokines and hormones may play a role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, studies on their role in T2D in humans are scarce. We evaluated associations between 11 circulating cytokines and hormones with T2D among a population of sub-Saharan Africans and tested for causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS We used logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and recruitment country to regress levels of 11 cytokines and hormones (adipsin, leptin, visfatin, PAI-1, GIP, GLP-1, ghrelin, resistin, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1RA) on T2D among Ghanaians, Nigerians, and Kenyans from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus study including 2276 individuals with T2D and 2790 non-T2D individuals. Similar linear regression models were fitted with homeostatic modelling assessments of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and β-cell function (HOMA-B) as dependent variables among non-T2D individuals (n = 2790). We used 35 genetic variants previously associated with at least one of these 11 cytokines and hormones among non-T2D individuals as instrumental variables in univariable and multivariable MR analyses. Statistical significance was set at 0.0045 (0.05/11 cytokines and hormones). RESULTS Circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels were associated with T2D. Nine of the 11 cytokines and hormones (exceptions GLP-1 and IL-6) were associated with HOMA-S, HOMA-B, or both among non-T2D individuals. Two-stage least squares MR analysis provided evidence for a causal effect of GIP and IL-RA on HOMA-S and HOMA-B in multivariable analyses (GIP ~ HOMA-S β = - 0.67, P-value = 1.88 × 10-6 and HOMA-B β = 0.59, P-value = 1.88 × 10-5; IL-1RA ~ HOMA-S β = - 0.51, P-value = 8.49 × 10-5 and HOMA-B β = 0.48, P-value = 5.71 × 10-4). IL-RA was partly mediated via BMI (30-34%), but GIP was not. Inverse variance weighted MR analysis provided evidence for a causal effect of adipsin on T2D (multivariable OR = 1.83, P-value = 9.79 × 10-6), though these associations were not consistent in all sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this comprehensive MR analysis indicate that circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels are causal for reduced insulin sensitivity and increased β-cell function. GIP's effect being independent of BMI suggests that circulating levels of GIP could be a promising early biomarker for T2D risk. Our MR analyses do not provide conclusive evidence for a causal role of other circulating cytokines in T2D among sub-Saharan Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA.
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA.
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8
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Rios Coronado PE, Zanetti D, Zhou J, Naftaly JA, Prabala P, Kho PF, Martínez Jaimes AM, Hilliard AT, Pyarajan S, Dochtermann D, Chang KM, Winn VD, Pașca AM, Plomondon ME, Waldo SW, Tsao PS, Clarke SL, Red-Horse K, Assimes TL. CXCL12 regulates coronary artery dominance in diverse populations and links development to disease. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.27.23297507. [PMID: 37961706 PMCID: PMC10635223 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.23297507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cardiac muscle is supplied with blood by right and left coronary arteries that form branches covering both ventricles of the heart. Whether branches of the right or left coronary arteries wrap around to the inferior side of the left ventricle is variable in humans and termed right or left dominance. Coronary dominance is likely a heritable trait, but its genetic architecture has never been explored. Here, we present the first large-scale multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of dominance in 61,043 participants of the VA Million Veteran Program, including over 10,300 Africans and 4,400 Admixed Americans. Dominance was moderately heritable with ten loci reaching genome wide significance. The most significant mapped to the chemokine CXCL12 in both Europeans and Africans. Whole-organ imaging of human fetal hearts revealed that dominance is established during development in locations where CXCL12 is expressed. In mice, dominance involved the septal coronary artery, and its patterning was altered with Cxcl12 deficiency. Finally, we linked human dominance patterns with coronary artery disease through colocalization, genome-wide genetic correlation and Mendelian Randomization analyses. Together, our data supports CXCL12 as a primary determinant of coronary artery dominance in humans of diverse backgrounds and suggests that developmental patterning of arteries may influence one's susceptibility to ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Pratima Prabala
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pik Fang Kho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Azalia M Martínez Jaimes
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Dochtermann
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anca M Pașca
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary E Plomondon
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- CART Program, VHA Office of Quality and Patient Safety, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen W Waldo
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- CART Program, VHA Office of Quality and Patient Safety, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shoa L. Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Chanfreau-Coffinier C, Friede KA, Plomondon ME, Lee KM, Lu Z, Lynch JA, DuVall SL, Vassy JL, Waldo SW, Cleator JH, Maddox TM, Rader DJ, Assimes TL, Damrauer SM, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Voora D, Giri J, Tuteja S. CYP2C19 Polymorphisms and Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in the Million Veterans Program. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.25.23297578. [PMID: 37961335 PMCID: PMC10635203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.23297578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles decrease the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The impact of genotype in stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) is unclear. Objectives Determine the association of CYP2C19 genotype with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after PCI for ACS or SIHD. Methods Million Veterans Program (MVP) participants age <65 years with a PCI documented in the VA Clinical Assessment, Reporting and Tracking (CART) Program between 1/1/2009 to 9/30/2017, treated with clopidogrel were included. Time to MACE defined as the composite of all-cause death, stroke or myocardial infarction within 12 months following PCI. Results Among 4,461 Veterans (mean age 59.1 ± 5.1 years, 18% Black); 44% had ACS, 56% had SIHD and 29% carried a CYP2C19 LOF allele. 301 patients (6.7%) experienced MACE while being treated with clopidogrel, 155 (7.9%) in the ACS group and 146 (5.9%) in the SIHD group. Overall, MACE was not significantly different between LOF carriers vs. noncarriers (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, confidence interval [95%CI] 0.97-1.45, p=0.096). Among patients presenting with ACS, MACE risk in LOF carriers versus non-carriers was numerically higher (HR 1.30, 95%CI 0.98-1.73, p=0.067). There was no difference in MACE risk in patients with SIHD (HR 1.09, 95%CI 0.82-1.44; p=0.565). Conclusions CYP2C19 LOF carriers presenting with ACS treated with clopidogrel following PCI experienced a numerically greater elevated risk of MACE events. CYP2C19 LOF genotype is not associated with MACE among patients presenting with SIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin A. Friede
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mary E. Plomondon
- CART Program, Office of Quality and Patient Safety, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Salt Lake City Heath Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- VA Salt Lake City Heath Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Julie A. Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Heath Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott L. DuVall
- VA Salt Lake City Heath Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jason L. Vassy
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen W. Waldo
- CART Program, Office of Quality and Patient Safety, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Thomas M. Maddox
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Scott M. Damrauer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Durham VA Healthcare System and Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jay Giri
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sony Tuteja
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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10
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Guarischi-Sousa R, Salfati E, Kho PF, Iyer KR, Hilliard AT, Herrington DM, Tsao PS, Clarke SL, Assimes TL. Contemporary Polygenic Scores of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease Predict Coronary Atherosclerosis in Adolescents and Young Adults. Circ Genom Precis Med 2023; 16:480-482. [PMID: 37409455 PMCID: PMC10581412 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.122.004047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Guarischi-Sousa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.G.-S., P.F.K., K.R.I., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Elias Salfati
- Scripps Research Translational Institute at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA (E.S.)
| | - Pik Fang Kho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.G.-S., P.F.K., K.R.I., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Kruthika R. Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.G.-S., P.F.K., K.R.I., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | | | - David M. Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.M.H.)
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.G.-S., P.F.K., K.R.I., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
- Cardiovascular Institute (P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (A.T.H., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Shoa L. Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.G.-S., P.F.K., K.R.I., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (S.L.C.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (A.T.H., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.G.-S., P.F.K., K.R.I., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (T.L.A.)
- Cardiovascular Institute (P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (A.T.H., P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
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11
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Kavousi M, Bos MM, Barnes HJ, Lino Cardenas CL, Wong D, Lu H, Hodonsky CJ, Landsmeer LPL, Turner AW, Kho M, Hasbani NR, de Vries PS, Bowden DW, Chopade S, Deelen J, Benavente ED, Guo X, Hofer E, Hwang SJ, Lutz SM, Lyytikäinen LP, Slenders L, Smith AV, Stanislawski MA, van Setten J, Wong Q, Yanek LR, Becker DM, Beekman M, Budoff MJ, Feitosa MF, Finan C, Hilliard AT, Kardia SLR, Kovacic JC, Kral BG, Langefeld CD, Launer LJ, Malik S, Hoesein FAAM, Mokry M, Schmidt R, Smith JA, Taylor KD, Terry JG, van der Grond J, van Meurs J, Vliegenthart R, Xu J, Young KA, Zilhão NR, Zweiker R, Assimes TL, Becker LC, Bos D, Carr JJ, Cupples LA, de Kleijn DPV, de Winther M, den Ruijter HM, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Gudnason V, Hingorani AD, Hokanson JE, Ikram MA, Išgum I, Jacobs DR, Kähönen M, Lange LA, Lehtimäki T, Pasterkamp G, Raitakari OT, Schmidt H, Slagboom PE, Uitterlinden AG, Vernooij MW, Bis JC, Franceschini N, Psaty BM, Post WS, Rotter JI, Björkegren JLM, O'Donnell CJ, Bielak LF, Peyser PA, Malhotra R, van der Laan SW, Miller CL. Multi-ancestry genome-wide study identifies effector genes and druggable pathways for coronary artery calcification. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1651-1664. [PMID: 37770635 PMCID: PMC10601987 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, predicts future symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Identifying genetic risk factors for CAC may point to new therapeutic avenues for prevention. Currently, there are only four known risk loci for CAC identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the general population. Here we conducted the largest multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of CAC to date, which comprised 26,909 individuals of European ancestry and 8,867 individuals of African ancestry. We identified 11 independent risk loci, of which eight were new for CAC and five had not been reported for CAD. These new CAC loci are related to bone mineralization, phosphate catabolism and hormone metabolic pathways. Several new loci harbor candidate causal genes supported by multiple lines of functional evidence and are regulators of smooth muscle cell-mediated calcification ex vivo and in vitro. Together, these findings help refine the genetic architecture of CAC and extend our understanding of the biological and potential druggable pathways underlying CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maxime M Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna J Barnes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lennart P L Landsmeer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Minjung Kho
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalie R Hasbani
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sandesh Chopade
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
| | - Joris Deelen
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sharon M Lutz
- Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Maggie A Stanislawski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marian Beekman
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Brian G Kral
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Data Science, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaista Malik
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn Vliegenthart
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Robert Zweiker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences: Atherosclerosis and Ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity: Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Išgum
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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12
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Zanetti D, Stell L, Gustafsson S, Abbasi F, Tsao PS, Knowles JW, Zethelius B, Ärnlöv J, Balkau B, Walker M, Lazzeroni LC, Lind L, Petrie JR, Assimes TL. Plasma proteomic signatures of a direct measure of insulin sensitivity in two population cohorts. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1643-1654. [PMID: 37329449 PMCID: PMC10390625 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EIC) is the reference standard for the measurement of whole-body insulin sensitivity but is laborious and expensive to perform. We aimed to assess the incremental value of high-throughput plasma proteomic profiling in developing signatures correlating with the M value derived from the EIC. METHODS We measured 828 proteins in the fasting plasma of 966 participants from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease (RISC) study and 745 participants from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) using a high-throughput proximity extension assay. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach using clinical variables and protein measures as features. Models were tested within and across cohorts. Our primary model performance metric was the proportion of the M value variance explained (R2). RESULTS A standard LASSO model incorporating 53 proteins in addition to routinely available clinical variables increased the M value R2 from 0.237 (95% CI 0.178, 0.303) to 0.456 (0.372, 0.536) in RISC. A similar pattern was observed in ULSAM, in which the M value R2 increased from 0.443 (0.360, 0.530) to 0.632 (0.569, 0.698) with the addition of 61 proteins. Models trained in one cohort and tested in the other also demonstrated significant improvements in R2 despite differences in baseline cohort characteristics and clamp methodology (RISC to ULSAM: 0.491 [0.433, 0.539] for 51 proteins; ULSAM to RISC: 0.369 [0.331, 0.416] for 67 proteins). A randomised LASSO and stability selection algorithm selected only two proteins per cohort (three unique proteins), which improved R2 but to a lesser degree than in standard LASSO models: 0.352 (0.266, 0.439) in RISC and 0.495 (0.404, 0.585) in ULSAM. Reductions in improvements of R2 with randomised LASSO and stability selection were less marked in cross-cohort analyses (RISC to ULSAM R2 0.444 [0.391, 0.497]; ULSAM to RISC R2 0.348 [0.300, 0.396]). Models of proteins alone were as effective as models that included both clinical variables and proteins using either standard or randomised LASSO. The single most consistently selected protein across all analyses and models was IGF-binding protein 2. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION A plasma proteomic signature identified using a standard LASSO approach improves the cross-sectional estimation of the M value over routine clinical variables. However, a small subset of these proteins identified using a stability selection algorithm affords much of this improvement, especially when considering cross-cohort analyses. Our approach provides opportunities to improve the identification of insulin-resistant individuals at risk of insulin resistance-related adverse health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Stell
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Fahim Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Lazzeroni
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - John R Petrie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Georgakis MK, Malik R, Hasbani NR, Shakt G, Morrison AC, Tsao NL, Judy R, Mitchell BD, Xu H, Montasser ME, Do R, Kenny EE, Loos RJ, Terry JG, Carr JJ, Bis JC, Psaty BM, Longstreth WT, Young KA, Lutz SM, Cho MH, Broome J, Khan AT, Wang FF, Heard-Costa N, Seshadri S, Vasan RS, Palmer ND, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Yanek LR, Kral BG, Becker LC, Peyser PA, Bielak LF, Ammous F, Carson AP, Hall ME, Raffield LM, Rich SS, Post WS, Tracy RP, Taylor KD, Guo X, Mahaney MC, Curran JE, Blangero J, Clarke SL, Haessler JW, Hu Y, Assimes TL, Kooperberg C, Damrauer SM, Rotter JI, de Vries PS, Dichgans M. Carriers of rare damaging CCR2 genetic variants are at lower risk of atherosclerotic disease. medRxiv 2023:2023.08.14.23294063. [PMID: 37645892 PMCID: PMC10462211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.23294063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background The CCL2/CCR2 axis governs monocyte trafficking and recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions. Human genetic analyses and population-based studies support an association between circulating CCL2 levels and atherosclerosis. Still, it remains unknown whether pharmacological targeting of CCR2, the main CCL2 receptor, would provide protection against human atherosclerotic disease. Methods In whole-exome sequencing data from 454,775 UK Biobank participants (40-69 years), we identified predicted loss-of-function (LoF) or damaging missense (REVEL score >0.5) variants within the CCR2 gene. We prioritized variants associated with lower monocyte count (p<0.05) and tested associations with vascular risk factors and risk of atherosclerotic disease over a mean follow-up of 14 years. The results were replicated in a pooled cohort of three independent datasets (TOPMed, deCODE and Penn Medicine BioBank; total n=441,445) and the effect of the most frequent damaging variant was experimentally validated. Results A total of 45 predicted LoF or damaging missense variants were identified in the CCR2 gene, 4 of which were also significantly associated with lower monocyte count, but not with other white blood cell counts. Heterozygous carriers of these variants were at a lower risk of a combined atherosclerosis outcome, showed a lower burden of atherosclerosis across four vascular beds, and were at a lower lifetime risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. There was no evidence of association with vascular risk factors including LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, glycemic status, or C-reactive protein. Using a cAMP assay, we found that cells transfected with the most frequent CCR2 damaging variant (3:46358273:T:A, M249K, 547 carriers, frequency: 0.14%) show a decrease in signaling in response to CCL2. The associations of the M249K variant with myocardial infarction were consistent across cohorts (ORUKB: 0.62 95%CI: 0.39-0.96; ORexternal: 0.64 95%CI: 0.34-1.19; ORpooled: 0.64 95%CI: 0.450.90). In a phenome-wide association study, we found no evidence for higher risk of common infections or mortality among carriers of damaging CCR2 variants. Conclusions Heterozygous carriers of damaging CCR2 variants have a lower burden of atherosclerosis and lower lifetime risk of myocardial infarction. In conjunction with previous evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies, our findings highlight the translational potential of CCR2-targeting as an atheroprotective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios K. Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie R. Hasbani
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabrielle Shakt
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noah L. Tsao
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renae Judy
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Huichun Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Center for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G. Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Population Medicine, PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jai Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alyna T. Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fei Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Bigg’s Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease and neurodegenerative disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian G. Kral
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lewis C. Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farah Ammous
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - April P. Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Russel P. Tracy
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Michael C. Mahaney
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville TX USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville TX USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville TX USA
| | - Shoa L. Clarke
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Yao Hu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville TX USA
| | - Paul S. de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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14
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Sehgal R, Meer M, Shadyab AH, Casanova R, Manson JE, Bhatti P, Crimmins EM, Assimes TL, Whitsel EA, Higgins-Chen AT, Levine M. Systems Age: A single blood methylation test to quantify aging heterogeneity across 11 physiological systems. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.13.548904. [PMID: 37503069 PMCID: PMC10370047 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.548904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Individuals, organs, tissues, and cells age in diverse ways throughout the lifespan. Epigenetic clocks attempt to quantify differential aging between individuals, but they typically summarize aging as a single measure, ignoring within-person heterogeneity. Our aim was to develop novel systems-based methylation clocks that, when assessed in blood, capture aging in distinct physiological systems. We combined supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods to link DNA methylation, system-specific clinical chemistry and functional measures, and mortality risk. This yielded a panel of 11 system-specific scores- Heart, Lung, Kidney, Liver, Brain, Immune, Inflammatory, Blood, Musculoskeletal, Hormone, and Metabolic. Each system score predicted a wide variety of outcomes, aging phenotypes, and conditions specific to the respective system, and often did so more strongly than existing epigenetic clocks that report single global measures. We also combined the system scores into a composite Systems Age clock that is predictive of aging across physiological systems in an unbiased manner. Finally, we showed that the system scores clustered individuals into unique aging subtypes that had different patterns of age-related disease and decline. Overall, our biological systems based epigenetic framework captures aging in multiple physiological systems using a single blood draw and assay and may inform the development of more personalized clinical approaches for improving age-related quality of life.
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15
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Patel AP, Wang M, Ruan Y, Koyama S, Clarke SL, Yang X, Tcheandjieu C, Agrawal S, Fahed AC, Ellinor PT, Tsao PS, Sun YV, Cho K, Wilson PWF, Assimes TL, van Heel DA, Butterworth AS, Aragam KG, Natarajan P, Khera AV. A multi-ancestry polygenic risk score improves risk prediction for coronary artery disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:1793-1803. [PMID: 37414900 PMCID: PMC10353935 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of individuals at highest risk of coronary artery disease (CAD)-ideally before onset-remains an important public health need. Prior studies have developed genome-wide polygenic scores to enable risk stratification, reflecting the substantial inherited component to CAD risk. Here we develop a new and significantly improved polygenic score for CAD, termed GPSMult, that incorporates genome-wide association data across five ancestries for CAD (>269,000 cases and >1,178,000 controls) and ten CAD risk factors. GPSMult strongly associated with prevalent CAD (odds ratio per standard deviation 2.14, 95% confidence interval 2.10-2.19, P < 0.001) in UK Biobank participants of European ancestry, identifying 20.0% of the population with 3-fold increased risk and conversely 13.9% with 3-fold decreased risk as compared with those in the middle quintile. GPSMult was also associated with incident CAD events (hazard ratio per standard deviation 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.70-1.76, P < 0.001), identifying 3% of healthy individuals with risk of future CAD events equivalent to those with existing disease and significantly improving risk discrimination and reclassification. Across multiethnic, external validation datasets inclusive of 33,096, 124,467, 16,433 and 16,874 participants of African, European, Hispanic and South Asian ancestry, respectively, GPSMult demonstrated increased strength of associations across all ancestries and outperformed all available previously published CAD polygenic scores. These data contribute a new GPSMult for CAD to the field and provide a generalizable framework for how large-scale integration of genetic association data for CAD and related traits from diverse populations can meaningfully improve polygenic risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddh P Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
| | - Yunfeng Ruan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Saaket Agrawal
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Akl C Fahed
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Veteran Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, and Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishna G Aragam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Verve Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Verma A, Huffman JE, Rodriguez A, Conery M, Liu M, Ho YL, Kim Y, Heise DA, Guare L, Panickan VA, Garcon H, Linares F, Costa L, Goethert I, Tipton R, Honerlaw J, Davies L, Whitbourne S, Cohen J, Posner DC, Sangar R, Murray M, Wang X, Dochtermann DR, Devineni P, Shi Y, Nandi TN, Assimes TL, Brunette CA, Carroll RJ, Clifford R, Duvall S, Gelernter J, Hung A, Iyengar SK, Joseph J, Kember R, Kranzler H, Levey D, Luoh SW, Merritt VC, Overstreet C, Deak JD, Grant SFA, Polimanti R, Roussos P, Sun YV, Venkatesh S, Voloudakis G, Justice A, Begoli E, Ramoni R, Tourassi G, Pyarajan S, Tsao PS, O’Donnell CJ, Muralidhar S, Moser J, Casas JP, Bick AG, Zhou W, Cai T, Voight BF, Cho K, Gaziano MJ, Madduri RK, Damrauer SM, Liao KP. Diversity and Scale: Genetic Architecture of 2,068 Traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.28.23291975. [PMID: 37425708 PMCID: PMC10327290 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.23291975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have underrepresented individuals from non-European populations, impeding progress in characterizing the genetic architecture and consequences of health and disease traits. To address this, we present a population-stratified phenome-wide GWAS followed by a multi-population meta-analysis for 2,068 traits derived from electronic health records of 635,969 participants in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a longitudinal cohort study of diverse U.S. Veterans genetically similar to the respective African (121,177), Admixed American (59,048), East Asian (6,702), and European (449,042) superpopulations defined by the 1000 Genomes Project. We identified 38,270 independent variants associating with one or more traits at experiment-wide P < 4.6 × 10 - 11 significance; fine-mapping 6,318 signals identified from 613 traits to single-variant resolution. Among these, a third (2,069) of the associations were found only among participants genetically similar to non-European reference populations, demonstrating the importance of expanding diversity in genetic studies. Our work provides a comprehensive atlas of phenome-wide genetic associations for future studies dissecting the architecture of complex traits in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Verma
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alex Rodriguez
- Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mitchell Conery
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Molei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Youngdae Kim
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - David A Heise
- National Security Sciences Directorate, Cyber Resilience and Intelligence Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lindsay Guare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Helene Garcon
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Franciel Linares
- R&D Systems Engineering, Information Technology Services Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lauren Costa
- MVP Boston Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Ian Goethert
- Data Management and Engineering, Information Technology Services Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ryan Tipton
- Knowledge Discovery Infrastructure, Information Technology Services Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jacqueline Honerlaw
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Laura Davies
- Computing and Computational Sciences Dir PMO, PMO, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Stacey Whitbourne
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- MVP Boston Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Cohen
- National Security Sciences Directorate, Cyber Resilience and Intelligence Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Daniel C Posner
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Rahul Sangar
- MVP Boston Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Michael Murray
- MVP Boston Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel R Dochtermann
- VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Poornima Devineni
- VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Yunling Shi
- VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Tarak Nath Nandi
- Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | | | - Charles A Brunette
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Robert J Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37211, USA
| | - Royce Clifford
- Research Department, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Surgery, Otolaryngology, UCSD San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Scott Duvall
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Psychiatry, Human Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Adriana Hung
- Medicine, Nephrology & Hypertension, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System & Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Medicine, Cardiology Section, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Rachel Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Henry Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Levey
- Psychiatry, Human Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Shiuh-Wen Luoh
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Victoria C Merritt
- Research Department, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Cassie Overstreet
- Psychiatry, Human Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Joseph D Deak
- Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Panos Roussos
- Psychiatry, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sanan Venkatesh
- Psychiatry, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Georgios Voloudakis
- Psychiatry, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Amy Justice
- Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Internal Medicine, General Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Health Policy, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Edmon Begoli
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Rachel Ramoni
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, 20420, USA
| | - Georgia Tourassi
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Medicine, Cardiology, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | | | - Sumitra Muralidhar
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, 20420, USA
| | - Jennifer Moser
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, 20420, USA
| | - Juan P Casas
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37325, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- MVP Boston Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Gaziano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- MVP Boston Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ravi K Madduri
- Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine P Liao
- Medicine, Rheumatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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17
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Smith JL, Tcheandjieu C, Dikilitas O, lyer K, Miyazawa K, Hilliard A, Lynch J, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Sheu WHH, Chang KM, Kanoni S, Tsao P, Ito K, Kosel M, Clarke SL, Schaid DJ, Assimes TL, Kullo IJ. A Multi-Ancestry Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease Based on an Ancestrally Diverse Genome-Wide Association Study and Population-Specific Optimization. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.02.23290896. [PMID: 37609230 PMCID: PMC10441485 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.23290896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Predictive performance of polygenic risk scores (PRS) varies across populations. To facilitate equitable clinical use, we developed PRS for coronary heart disease (PRSCHD) for 5 genetic ancestry groups. Methods We derived ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSCHD based on pruning and thresholding (PRSP+T) and continuous shrinkage priors (PRSCSx) applied on summary statistics from the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis for CHD to date, including 1.1 million participants from 5 continental populations. Following training and optimization of PRSCHD in the Million Veteran Program, we evaluated predictive performance of the best performing PRSCHD in 176,988 individuals across 9 cohorts of diverse genetic ancestry. Results Multi-ancestry PRSP+T outperformed ancestry specific PRSP+T across a range of tuning values. In training stage, for all ancestry groups, PRSCSx performed better than PRSP+T and multi-ancestry PRS outperformed ancestry-specific PRS. In independent validation cohorts, the selected multi-ancestry PRSP+T demonstrated the strongest association with CHD in individuals of South Asian (SAS) and European (EUR) ancestry (OR per 1SD[95% CI]; 2.75[2.41-3.14], 1.65[1.59-1.72]), followed by East Asian (EAS) (1.56[1.50-1.61]), Hispanic/Latino (HIS) (1.38[1.24-1.54]), and weakest in African (AFR) ancestry (1.16[1.11-1.21]). The selected multi-ancestry PRSCSx showed stronger associacion with CHD in comparison within each ancestry group where the association was strongest in SAS (2.67[2.38-3.00]) and EUR (1.65[1.59-1.71]), progressively decreasing in EAS (1.59[1.54-1.64]), HIS (1.51[1.35-1.69]), and lowest in AFR (1.20[1.15-1.26]). Conclusions Utilizing diverse summary statistics from a large multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis led to improved performance of PRSCHD in most ancestry groups compared to single-ancestry methods. Improvement of predictive performance was limited, specifically in AFR and HIS, despite use of one of the largest and most diverse set of training and validation cohorts to date. This highlights the need for larger GWAS datasets of AFR and HIS individuals to enhance performance of PRSCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kruthika lyer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kazuo Miyazawa
- Riken Ctr. for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Austin Hilliard
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Julie Lynch
- Salt Lake City VA Met CTR., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Ctr. Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Phil Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Riken Ctr. for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Matthew Kosel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shoa L. Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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18
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Lankester J, Li J, Salfati ELI, Stefanick ML, Chan KHK, Liu S, Crandall CJ, Clarke SL, Assimes TL. Genetic evidence for causal relationships between age at natural menopause and the risk of ageing-associated adverse health outcomes. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:806-816. [PMID: 36409989 PMCID: PMC10244052 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A later age at natural menopause (ANM) has been linked to several ageing-associated traits including an increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer and a decreased risk of lung cancer, osteoporosis and Alzheimer disease. However, ANM is also related to several proxies for overall health that may confound these associations. METHODS We investigated the causal association of ANM with these clinical outcomes using Mendelian randomization (MR). Participants and outcomes analysed were restricted to post-menopausal females. We conducted a one-sample MR analysis in both the Women's Health Initiative and UK Biobank. We further analysed and integrated several additional data sets of post-menopausal women using a two-sample MR design. We used ≤55 genetic variants previously discovered to be associated with ANM as our instrumental variable. RESULTS A 5-year increase in ANM was causally associated with a decreased risk of osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) = 0.80, 95% CI (0.70-0.92)] and fractures (OR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.62-0.94) as well as an increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.06-1.71). Other associations including atherosclerosis-related outcomes were null. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that the decline in bone density with menopause causally translates into fractures and osteoporosis. Additionally, this is the first causal epidemiological analysis to our knowledge to find an increased risk of lung cancer with increasing ANM. This finding is consistent with molecular and epidemiological studies suggesting oestrogen-dependent growth of lung tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lankester
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Thermofisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elias Levy Itshak Salfati
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kei Hang Katie Chan
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine & Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carolyn J Crandall
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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19
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Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KHH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Hwang MY, Han S, Narita A, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Verma A, Trivedi B, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Hui Q, Klarin D, Zhu X, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Ruotsalainen SE, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Feng Q, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Pacheco JA, Pendergrass SA, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Hindy G, Rasheed A, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Sidore C, Fiorillo E, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Thuesen BH, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Kember RL, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Leonard HL, Marten J, Schmidt B, Arendt M, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Ahmed M, Jackson AU, Yousri NA, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Chai X, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Hung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Gorski M, Brumat M, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Xue C, Zhang J, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, Lee J, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Zimmermann ME, Lee JY, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hildalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Schwander K, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Highland HM, Young KL, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Nadkarni GN, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, Bhatti KF, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Chen YE, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Jung B, Böger CA, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Mercader JM, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Lu F, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, 't Hart LM, Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Cucca F, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Justice AE, Baras A, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Rotimi CN, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Brown CD, Morris AP, Assimes TL, Deloukas P, Sun YV, Willer CJ. Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature 2023; 618:E19-E20. [PMID: 37237109 PMCID: PMC10355188 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Group of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari,, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Meraj Ahmed
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA,, USA
| | | | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA,, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hildalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Josep M Mercader
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Bimédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Hui D, Sanford E, Lorenz K, Damrauer SM, Assimes TL, Thom CS, Voight BF. Mendelian randomization analyses clarify the effects of height on cardiovascular diseases. medRxiv 2023:2021.12.16.21267869. [PMID: 37205563 PMCID: PMC10187353 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.16.21267869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An inverse correlation between stature and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been observed in several epidemiologic studies, and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments have suggested causal association. However, the extent to which the effect estimated by MR can be explained by established cardiovascular risk factors is unclear, with a recent report suggesting that lung function traits could fully explain the height-CAD effect. To clarify this relationship, we utilized a well-powered set of genetic instruments for human stature, comprising >1,800 genetic variants for height and CAD. In univariable analysis, we confirmed that a one standard deviation decrease in height (~6.5 cm) was associated with a 12.0% increase in the risk of CAD, consistent with previous reports. In multivariable analysis accounting for effects from up to 12 established risk factors, we observed a >3-fold attenuation in the causal effect of height on CAD susceptibility (3.7%, p = 0.02). However, multivariable analyses demonstrated independent effects of height on other cardiovascular traits beyond CAD, consistent with epidemiologic associations and univariable MR experiments. In contrast with published reports, we observed minimal effects of lung function traits on CAD risk in our analyses, indicating that these traits are unlikely to explain the residual association between height and CAD risk. In sum, these results suggest the impact of height on CAD risk beyond previously established cardiovascular risk factors is minimal and not explained by lung function measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hui
- Graduate Program in Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Sanford
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Lorenz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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21
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Vassy JL, Posner DC, Ho YL, Gagnon DR, Galloway A, Tanukonda V, Houghton SC, Madduri RK, McMahon BH, Tsao PS, Damrauer SM, O'Donnell CJ, Assimes TL, Casas JP, Gaziano JM, Pencina MJ, Sun YV, Cho K, Wilson PWF. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Using Traditional Risk Factors and Polygenic Risk Scores in the Million Veteran Program. JAMA Cardiol 2023:2804439. [PMID: 37133828 PMCID: PMC10157509 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) relies on risk stratification. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are proposed to improve ASCVD risk estimation. Objective To determine whether genome-wide PRSs for coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute ischemic stroke improve ASCVD risk estimation with traditional clinical risk factors in an ancestrally diverse midlife population. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prognostic analysis of incident events in a retrospectively defined longitudinal cohort conducted from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2018. Included in the study were adults free of ASCVD and statin naive at baseline from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a mega biobank with genetic, survey, and electronic health record data from a large US health care system. Data were analyzed from March 15, 2021, to January 5, 2023. Exposures PRSs for CAD and ischemic stroke derived from cohorts of largely European descent and risk factors, including age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes status. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, ASCVD death, and composite ASCVD events. Results A total of 79 151 participants (mean [SD] age, 57.8 [13.7] years; 68 503 male [86.5%]) were included in the study. The cohort included participants from the following harmonized genetic ancestry and race and ethnicity categories: 18 505 non-Hispanic Black (23.4%), 6785 Hispanic (8.6%), and 53 861 non-Hispanic White (68.0%) with a median (5th-95th percentile) follow-up of 4.3 (0.7-6.9) years. From 2011 to 2018, 3186 MIs (4.0%), 1933 ischemic strokes (2.4%), 867 ASCVD deaths (1.1%), and 5485 composite ASCVD events (6.9%) were observed. CAD PRS was associated with incident MI in non-Hispanic Black (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.19), Hispanic (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.46), and non-Hispanic White (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.18-1.29) participants. Stroke PRS was associated with incident stroke in non-Hispanic White participants (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08-1.21). A combined CAD plus stroke PRS was associated with ASCVD deaths among non-Hispanic Black (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17) and non-Hispanic (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21) participants. The combined PRS was also associated with composite ASCVD across all ancestry groups but greater among non-Hispanic White (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.16-1.24) than non-Hispanic Black (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17) and Hispanic (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25) participants. Net reclassification improvement from adding PRS to a traditional risk model was modest for the intermediate risk group for composite CVD among men (5-year risk >3.75%, 0.38%; 95% CI, 0.07%-0.68%), among women, (6.79%; 95% CI, 3.01%-10.58%), for age older than 55 years (0.25%; 95% CI, 0.03%-0.47%), and for ages 40 to 55 years (1.61%; 95% CI, -0.07% to 3.30%). Conclusions and Relevance Study results suggest that PRSs derived predominantly in European samples were statistically significantly associated with ASCVD in the multiancestry midlife and older-age MVP cohort. Overall, modest improvement in discrimination metrics were observed with addition of PRSs to traditional risk factors with greater magnitude in women and younger age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Vassy
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel C Posner
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David R Gagnon
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashley Galloway
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ravi K Madduri
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois
- University of Chicago Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin H McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | | | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Juan P Casas
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Pencina
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yan V Sun
- Veterans Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly Cho
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Veterans Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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22
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Liu L, Wen W, Long J, Assimes TL, Bujanda L, Gruber SB, Küry S, Lynch B, Qu C, Thomas M, White E, Woods MO, Peters U, Zheng W. Abstract 5223: Circulating lipoprotein lipids and colorectal cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization analysis from the GECCO consortium. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Conventional observational studies have reported conflicting results regarding the association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to address this association.
Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with five blood lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C, and triglyceride) were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of European ancestry in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC, N ≤ 1 319 982), and two lipids (apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B) from a GWAS in the UK Biobank (UKB, N ≤ 441 016). Summary statistics were obtained for these SNPs from a GWAS of CRC in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO) including 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Associations with CRC risk per one standard deviation increase in the genetically predicted lipids level were generated using inverse-variance weighted random-effects models.
Results No overall association was observed between genetically predicted levels of blood lipids and CRC risk. However, increased risks were observed for all LDL-C related traits among women, including total cholesterol (OR = 1.10; 95%CI = 1.02, 1.18), LDL-C (1.07; 1.00, 1.14), non-HDL-C (1.09; 1.02, 1.16), and apolipoprotein B (1.11; 1.02, 1.21); whereas no significant association was found among men. Similar but ostensibly stronger associations of these traits
were seen with distal colon cancer cases, with no significant association showing on proximal colon or rectum cancer cases. We also observed similar positive associations of LDL-C related traits among those having CRC before their 50 years. Of note, risk reduction was found for apolipoprotein A1, a major component of HDL-C, in these early-onset cases (0.87; 0.78, 0.98).
Conclusion Results from this study suggest that high circulating LDL-C levels may increase the risk of CRC, particularly cancer of the distal colon, and the association may differ by sex and age at CRC onset.
Key words: Blood lipids; colorectal cancer; Mendelian randomization.
Citation Format: Lili Liu, Wanqing Wen, Jirong Long, Themistocles L Assimes, Luis Bujanda, Stephen B Gruber, Sébastien Küry, Brigid Lynch, Conghui Qu, Minta Thomas, Emily White, Michael O. Woods, Ulrike Peters, Wei Zheng. Circulating lipoprotein lipids and colorectal cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization analysis from the GECCO consortium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5223.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | - Luis Bujanda
- 3Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Sébastien Küry
- 5Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Conghui Qu
- 7Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Minta Thomas
- 7Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Emily White
- 7Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Ulrike Peters
- 7Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Zheng
- 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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23
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Do WL, Sun D, Meeks K, Dugué PA, Demerath E, Guan W, Li S, Chen W, Milne R, Adeyemo A, Agyemang C, Nassir R, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Hou L, Horvath S, Assimes TL, Bhatti P, Jordahl KM, Baccarelli AA, Smith AK, Staimez LR, Stein AD, Whitsel EA, Narayan KV, Conneely KN. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of BMI in nine cohorts: Examining the utility of epigenetically predicted BMI. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:273-283. [PMID: 36649705 PMCID: PMC9943731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine the association between DNA methylation and body mass index (BMI) and the potential of BMI-associated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites to provide information about metabolic health. We pooled summary statistics from six trans-ethnic epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of BMI representing nine cohorts (n = 17,034), replicated these findings in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI, n = 4,822), and developed an epigenetic prediction score of BMI. In the pooled EWASs, 1,265 CpG sites were associated with BMI (p < 1E-7) and 1,238 replicated in the WHI (FDR < 0.05). We performed several stratified analyses to examine whether these associations differed between individuals of European and African descent, as defined by self-reported race/ethnicity. We found that five CpG sites had a significant interaction with BMI by race/ethnicity. To examine the utility of the significant CpG sites in predicting BMI, we used elastic net regression to predict log-normalized BMI in the WHI (80% training/20% testing). This model found that 397 sites could explain 32% of the variance in BMI in the WHI test set. Individuals whose methylome-predicted BMI overestimated their BMI (high epigenetic BMI) had significantly higher glucose and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol compared to accurately predicted BMI. Individuals whose methylome-predicted BMI underestimated their BMI (low epigenetic BMI) had significantly higher HDL cholesterol and lower glucose and triglycerides. This study confirmed 553 and identified 685 CpG sites associated with BMI. Participants with high epigenetic BMI had poorer metabolic health, suggesting that the overestimation may be driven in part by cardiometabolic derangements characteristic of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Do
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences At Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Childrens Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Roger Milne
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences At Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
| | - Abedowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa R. Staimez
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K.M. Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Corresponding author
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24
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Kanoni S, Graham SE, Wang Y, Surakka I, Ramdas S, Zhu X, Clarke SL, Bhatti KF, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Zajac GJM, Wu KHH, Ntalla I, Hui Q, Klarin D, Hilliard AT, Wang Z, Xue C, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Hwang MY, Han S, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Pacheco JA, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Feng Q, Kullo IJ, Narita A, Takayama J, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Trivedi B, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Rasheed A, Hindy G, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Yousri NA, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Bjerregaard AA, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Hwu CM, Hung YJ, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Mauro P, Matteo F, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Ruotsalainen SE, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Vazquez-Moreno M, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Wang Z, Preuss MH, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Tsao NL, Verma A, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Demirkan A, Leonard HL, Marten J, Frank M, Schmidt B, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Nongmaithem SS, Bayyana S, Stringham HM, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Banas B, Nardone GG, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Bentley AR, Doumatey AP, Adeyemo AA, Lee JY, Petersen ERB, Nielsen AA, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hidalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Liang J, Tang H, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Zimmermann ME, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Peyser PA, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Böger CA, Jung B, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Mercader JM, Costanzo MC, Jang D, Burtt NP, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Jin ZB, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, Hart LM', Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Rotimi CN, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Francesco C, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Chuang LM, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Li H, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, Willemsen AHM, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Baras A, Justice AE, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, van Heel DA, Trembath RC, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Kim BJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Zhang J, Chen YE, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson PWF, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Mohlke KL, Sun YV, Morris AP, Boehnke M, Brown CD, Natarajan P, Deloukas P, Willer CJ, Assimes TL, Peloso GM. Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis. Genome Biol 2022; 23:268. [PMID: 36575460 PMCID: PMC9793579 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. RESULTS To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Boston Children's Hospital, EndocrinologyBoston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Allen Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Jun Takayama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 9810, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne A Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Postbox 90048~700, Sanhsia Dist, New Taipei City, 237101, Taiwan
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina, Spain
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pala Mauro
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica E Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Floris Matteo
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica E Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck and Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik Für Herz- Und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - EWarwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Miguel Vazquez-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Noah L Tsao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Nuno R Zilhao
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Mirjam Frank
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica Y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Swati Bayyana
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Health Services and Systems Research, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, Dong Cheng District, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 20892-9205, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Sugarland, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong Young Lee
- , Oneomics. Co. Ltd. 2F, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center 173, Buheuyng-Ro, Bucheon-Si Gyeonggi-Do, 14585, Korea
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Aneta A Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 20892-9205, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 6938501, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 18, 04103, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, 17676, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 5650871, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 5650871, Japan
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Saevit Eye Hospital, SeoulIlsan, 03722, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Dept of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Hawkesbury Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé Et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 18, 04103, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, EwhaWomans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute On Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute On Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, , Traunstein Hospital, Diabetology, RheumatologyTraunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Bettina Jung
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, , Traunstein Hospital, Diabetology, RheumatologyTraunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, 75 M. Assias Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, 124 61, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Kutzerufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas Und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular Y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología Y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ananda R Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Anneke Iden Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Office of the Provost, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O.Box 340, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria C Costanzo
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dongkeun Jang
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica Y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - EShyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dermot F Reilly
- Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, 3001 S. Hanover St., Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik Für Herz- Und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cucca Francesco
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Data Science, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Medical School, University of Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Allegonda H M Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - LAdrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science,1:042 Polwarth Building School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 9810, USA
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Research, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - YEugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Boston Children's Hospital, EndocrinologyBoston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Katz AE, Yang ML, Levin MG, Tcheandjieu C, Mathis M, Hunker K, Blackburn S, Eliason JL, Coleman DM, Fendrikova-Mahlay N, Gornik HL, Karmakar M, Hill H, Xu C, Zawistowski M, Brummett CM, Zoellner S, Zhou X, O'Donnell CJ, Douglas JA, Assimes TL, Tsao PS, Li JZ, Damrauer SM, Stanley JC, Ganesh SK. Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Are Dimorphic Sex-Specific Diseases With Shared Complex Genetic Architecture. Circ Genom Precis Med 2022; 15:e003496. [PMID: 36374587 PMCID: PMC9772208 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of arterial diseases may be elevated among family members of individuals having multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). We sought to investigate the risk of arterial diseases in families of individuals with FMD. METHODS Family histories for 73 probands with FMD were obtained, which included an analysis of 463 total first-degree relatives focusing on FMD and related arterial disorders. A polygenic risk score for FMD (PRSFMD) was constructed from prior genome-wide association findings of 584 FMD cases and 7139 controls and evaluated for association with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a cohort of 9693 AAA cases and 294 049 controls. A previously published PRSAAA was also assessed among the FMD cases and controls. RESULTS Of all first degree relatives of probands, 9.3% were diagnosed with FMD, aneurysms, and dissections. Aneurysmal disease occurred in 60.5% of affected relatives and 5.6% of all relatives. Among 227 female first-degree relatives of probands, 4.8% (11) had FMD, representing a relative risk (RR)FMD of 1.5 ([95% CI, 0.75-2.8]; P=0.19) compared with the estimated population prevalence of 3.3%, though not of statistical significance. Of all fathers of FMD probands, 11% had AAAs resulting in a RRAAA of 2.3 ([95% CI, 1.12-4.6]; P=0.014) compared with population estimates. The PRSFMD was found to be associated with an AAA (odds ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.05]; P=2.6×10-3), and the PRSAAA was found to be associated with FMD (odds ratio, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.2-1.9]; P=9.0×10-5) as well. CONCLUSIONS FMD and AAAs seem to be sex-dimorphic manifestations of a heritable arterial disease with a partially shared complex genetic architecture. Excess risk of having an AAA according to a family history of FMD may justify screening in family members of individuals having FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Human Genetics (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., J.A.D., J.Z.L., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Medical Genomics & Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.E.K.)
| | - Min-Lee Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Human Genetics (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., J.A.D., J.Z.L., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (M.-L.Y.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Michael G Levin
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Philadelphia VA Medical Center (M.G.L., S.M.D.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.G.L.)
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Gladstone Institute of data science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes; and Department of epidemiology and biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, CA. (C.T.)
| | - Michael Mathis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine (M.M., C.M.B.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Kristina Hunker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Human Genetics (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., J.A.D., J.Z.L., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Susan Blackburn
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery (S.B., J.L.E., D.M.C., M.K., J.C.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jonathan L Eliason
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery (S.B., J.L.E., D.M.C., M.K., J.C.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Dawn M Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery (S.B., J.L.E., D.M.C., M.K., J.C.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Heather L Gornik
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (H.L.G.)
| | - Monita Karmakar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery (S.B., J.L.E., D.M.C., M.K., J.C.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Hannah Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Human Genetics (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., J.A.D., J.Z.L., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (C.X., M.Z., S.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (C.X., M.Z., S.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Chad M Brummett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine (M.M., C.M.B.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Sebastian Zoellner
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (C.X., M.Z., S.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (C.X., M.Z., S.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System (C.O.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.O.)
| | - Julie A Douglas
- Department of Human Genetics (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., J.A.D., J.Z.L., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (T.L.A., P.S.T.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | | | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., J.A.D., J.Z.L., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Philadelphia VA Medical Center (M.G.L., S.M.D.)
- Department of Surgery and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (S.M.D.)
| | - James C Stanley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery (S.B., J.L.E., D.M.C., M.K., J.C.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Human Genetics (A.E.K., M.-L.Y., K.H., H.H., J.A.D., J.Z.L., S.K.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Yengo L, Vedantam S, Marouli E, Sidorenko J, Bartell E, Sakaue S, Graff M, Eliasen AU, Jiang Y, Raghavan S, Miao J, Arias JD, Graham SE, Mukamel RE, Spracklen CN, Yin X, Chen SH, Ferreira T, Highland HH, Ji Y, Karaderi T, Lin K, Lüll K, Malden DE, Medina-Gomez C, Machado M, Moore A, Rüeger S, Sim X, Vrieze S, Ahluwalia TS, Akiyama M, Allison MA, Alvarez M, Andersen MK, Ani A, Appadurai V, Arbeeva L, Bhaskar S, Bielak LF, Bollepalli S, Bonnycastle LL, Bork-Jensen J, Bradfield JP, Bradford Y, Braund PS, Brody JA, Burgdorf KS, Cade BE, Cai H, Cai Q, Campbell A, Cañadas-Garre M, Catamo E, Chai JF, Chai X, Chang LC, Chang YC, Chen CH, Chesi A, Choi SH, Chung RH, Cocca M, Concas MP, Couture C, Cuellar-Partida G, Danning R, Daw EW, Degenhard F, Delgado GE, Delitala A, Demirkan A, Deng X, Devineni P, Dietl A, Dimitriou M, Dimitrov L, Dorajoo R, Ekici AB, Engmann JE, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Farmaki AE, Faul JD, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Forer L, Francescatto M, Freitag-Wolf S, Fuchsberger C, Galesloot TE, Gao Y, Gao Z, Geller F, Giannakopoulou O, Giulianini F, Gjesing AP, Goel A, Gordon SD, Gorski M, Grove J, Guo X, Gustafsson S, Haessler J, Hansen TF, Havulinna AS, Haworth SJ, He J, Heard-Costa N, Hebbar P, Hindy G, Ho YLA, Hofer E, Holliday E, Horn K, Hornsby WE, Hottenga JJ, Huang H, Huang J, Huerta-Chagoya A, Huffman JE, Hung YJ, Huo S, Hwang MY, Iha H, Ikeda DD, Isono M, Jackson AU, Jäger S, Jansen IE, Johansson I, Jonas JB, Jonsson A, Jørgensen T, Kalafati IP, Kanai M, Kanoni S, Kårhus LL, Kasturiratne A, Katsuya T, Kawaguchi T, Kember RL, Kentistou KA, Kim HN, Kim YJ, Kleber ME, Knol MJ, Kurbasic A, Lauzon M, Le P, Lea R, Lee JY, Leonard HL, Li SA, Li X, Li X, Liang J, Lin H, Lin SY, Liu J, Liu X, Lo KS, Long J, Lores-Motta L, Luan J, Lyssenko V, Lyytikäinen LP, Mahajan A, Mamakou V, Mangino M, Manichaikul A, Marten J, Mattheisen M, Mavarani L, McDaid AF, Meidtner K, Melendez TL, Mercader JM, Milaneschi Y, Miller JE, Millwood IY, Mishra PP, Mitchell RE, Møllehave LT, Morgan A, Mucha S, Munz M, Nakatochi M, Nelson CP, Nethander M, Nho CW, Nielsen AA, Nolte IM, Nongmaithem SS, Noordam R, Ntalla I, Nutile T, Pandit A, Christofidou P, Pärna K, Pauper M, Petersen ERB, Petersen LV, Pitkänen N, Polašek O, Poveda A, Preuss MH, Pyarajan S, Raffield LM, Rakugi H, Ramirez J, Rasheed A, Raven D, Rayner NW, Riveros C, Rohde R, Ruggiero D, Ruotsalainen SE, Ryan KA, Sabater-Lleal M, Saxena R, Scholz M, Sendamarai A, Shen B, Shi J, Shin JH, Sidore C, Sitlani CM, Slieker RC, Smit RAJ, Smith AV, Smith JA, Smyth LJ, Southam L, Steinthorsdottir V, Sun L, Takeuchi F, Tallapragada DSP, Taylor KD, Tayo BO, Tcheandjieu C, Terzikhan N, Tesolin P, Teumer A, Theusch E, Thompson DJ, Thorleifsson G, Timmers PRHJ, Trompet S, Turman C, Vaccargiu S, van der Laan SW, van der Most PJ, van Klinken JB, van Setten J, Verma SS, Verweij N, Veturi Y, Wang CA, Wang C, Wang L, Wang Z, Warren HR, Bin Wei W, Wickremasinghe AR, Wielscher M, Wiggins KL, Winsvold BS, Wong A, Wu Y, Wuttke M, Xia R, Xie T, Yamamoto K, Yang J, Yao J, Young H, Yousri NA, Yu L, Zeng L, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zimmermann ME, Zoledziewska M, Adair LS, Adams HHH, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Al-Mulla F, Arnett DK, Asselbergs FW, Åsvold BO, Attia J, Banas B, Bandinelli S, Bennett DA, Bergler T, Bharadwaj D, Biino G, Bisgaard H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bønnelykke K, Boomsma DI, Børglum AD, Borja JB, Bouchard C, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Brumpton B, Buring JE, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chandak GR, Chanock SJ, Chaturvedi N, Chen YDI, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Christophersen IE, Ciullo M, Cole JW, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Cruz M, Cucca F, Cupples LA, Cutler MJ, Damrauer SM, Dantoft TM, de Borst GJ, de Groot LCPGM, De Jager PL, de Kleijn DPV, Janaka de Silva H, Dedoussis GV, den Hollander AI, Du S, Easton DF, Elders PJM, Eliassen AH, Ellinor PT, Elmståhl S, Erdmann J, Evans MK, Fatkin D, Feenstra B, Feitosa MF, Ferrucci L, Ford I, Fornage M, Franke A, Franks PW, Freedman BI, Gasparini P, Gieger C, Girotto G, Goddard ME, Golightly YM, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Gordon-Larsen P, Grallert H, Grant SFA, Grarup N, Griffiths L, Gudnason V, Haiman C, Hakonarson H, Hansen T, Hartman CA, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, Heckbert SR, Heng CK, Hengstenberg C, Hewitt AW, Hishigaki H, Hoyng CB, Huang PL, Huang W, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Hyppönen E, Iacono WG, Ichihara S, Ikram MA, Isasi CR, Jackson RD, Jarvelin MR, Jin ZB, Jöckel KH, Joshi PK, Jousilahti P, Jukema JW, Kähönen M, Kamatani Y, Kang KD, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kato N, Kee F, Kessler T, Khera AV, Khor CC, Kiemeney LALM, Kim BJ, Kim EK, Kim HL, Kirchhof P, Kivimaki M, Koh WP, Koistinen HA, Kolovou GD, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Köttgen A, Kovacs P, Kraaijeveld A, Kraft P, Krauss RM, Kumari M, Kutalik Z, Laakso M, Lange LA, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Le Marchand L, Lee H, Lee NR, Lehtimäki T, Li H, Li L, Lieb W, Lin X, Lind L, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Loeffler M, London B, Lubitz SA, Lye SJ, Mackey DA, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Marcus GM, Vidal PM, Martin NG, März W, Matsuda F, McGarrah RW, McGue M, McKnight AJ, Medland SE, Mellström D, Metspalu A, Mitchell BD, Mitchell P, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morris AD, Mucci LA, Munroe PB, Nalls MA, Nazarian S, Nelson AE, Neville MJ, Newton-Cheh C, Nielsen CS, Nöthen MM, Ohlsson C, Oldehinkel AJ, Orozco L, Pahkala K, Pajukanta P, Palmer CNA, Parra EJ, Pattaro C, Pedersen O, Pennell CE, Penninx BWJH, Perusse L, Peters A, Peyser PA, Porteous DJ, Posthuma D, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Province MA, Qi Q, Qu J, Rader DJ, Raitakari OT, Ralhan S, Rallidis LS, Rao DC, Redline S, Reilly DF, Reiner AP, Rhee SY, Ridker PM, Rienstra M, Ripatti S, Ritchie MD, Roden DM, Rosendaal FR, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Rutters F, Sabanayagam C, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sanghera DK, Sattar N, Schmidt B, Schmidt H, Schmidt R, Schulze MB, Schunkert H, Scott LJ, Scott RJ, Sever P, Shiroma EJ, Shoemaker MB, Shu XO, Simonsick EM, Sims M, Singh JR, Singleton AB, Sinner MF, Smith JG, Snieder H, Spector TD, Stampfer MJ, Stark KJ, Strachan DP, 't Hart LM, Tabara Y, Tang H, Tardif JC, Thanaraj TA, Timpson NJ, Tönjes A, Tremblay A, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Tusié-Luna MT, Uitterlinden AG, van Dam RM, van der Harst P, Van der Velde N, van Duijn CM, van Schoor NM, Vitart V, Völker U, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Wacher-Rodarte NH, Walker M, Wang YX, Wareham NJ, Watanabe RM, Watkins H, Weir DR, Werge TM, Widen E, Wilkens LR, Willemsen G, Willett WC, Wilson JF, Wong TY, Woo JT, Wright AF, Wu JY, Xu H, Yajnik CS, Yokota M, Yuan JM, Zeggini E, Zemel BS, Zheng W, Zhu X, Zmuda JM, Zonderman AB, Zwart JA, Chasman DI, Cho YS, Heid IM, McCarthy MI, Ng MCY, O'Donnell CJ, Rivadeneira F, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sun YV, Tai ES, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Justice AE, Lindgren CM, Loos RJF, Mohlke KL, North KE, Stefansson K, Walters RG, Winkler TW, Young KL, Loh PR, Yang J, Esko T, Assimes TL, Auton A, Abecasis GR, Willer CJ, Locke AE, Berndt SI, Lettre G, Frayling TM, Okada Y, Wood AR, Visscher PM, Hirschhorn JN. A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height. Nature 2022; 610:704-712. [PMID: 36224396 PMCID: PMC9605867 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40-50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specific variants and associated regions requires huge sample sizes1. Here, using data from a genome-wide association study of 5.4 million individuals of diverse ancestries, we show that 12,111 independent SNPs that are significantly associated with height account for nearly all of the common SNP-based heritability. These SNPs are clustered within 7,209 non-overlapping genomic segments with a mean size of around 90 kb, covering about 21% of the genome. The density of independent associations varies across the genome and the regions of increased density are enriched for biologically relevant genes. In out-of-sample estimation and prediction, the 12,111 SNPs (or all SNPs in the HapMap 3 panel2) account for 40% (45%) of phenotypic variance in populations of European ancestry but only around 10-20% (14-24%) in populations of other ancestries. Effect sizes, associated regions and gene prioritization are similar across ancestries, indicating that reduced prediction accuracy is likely to be explained by linkage disequilibrium and differences in allele frequency within associated regions. Finally, we show that the relevant biological pathways are detectable with smaller sample sizes than are needed to implicate causal genes and variants. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive map of specific genomic regions that contain the vast majority of common height-associated variants. Although this map is saturated for populations of European ancestry, further research is needed to achieve equivalent saturation in other ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric Bartell
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marielisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anders U Eliasen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sridharan Raghavan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenkai Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Arias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronen E Mukamel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shyh-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather H Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tugce Karaderi
- Center for Health Data Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kreete Lüll
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Deborah E Malden
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moara Machado
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy Moore
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sina Rüeger
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mette K Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alireza Ani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vivek Appadurai
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seema Bhaskar
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Quantinuum Research, Wayne, PA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristoffer S Burgdorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NovoNordic Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian E Cade
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Eulalia Catamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- 23andMe, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Danning
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frauke Degenhard
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessandro Delitala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Poornima Devineni
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Dietl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jorgen E Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Gao
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Zishan Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anette P Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- BiRC-Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NovoNordic Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon J Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jing He
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - George Hindy
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuk-Lam A Ho
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrin Horn
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Whitney E Hornsby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Jonsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ioanna-Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie Lauzon
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodney Lea
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Oneomics, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Shengchao A Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St Cloud State University, St Cloud, MN, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura Lores-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laven Mavarani
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tori L Melendez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason E Miller
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Soeren Mucha
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Aneta A Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Katri Pärna
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Liselotte V Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- The National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dennis Raven
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richa Saxena
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anoop Sendamarai
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof A J Smit
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Liang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Tesolin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol A Wang
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rui Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigacion de Enfermedades Metabolicas and Direction of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology and Dean's Office, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tobias Bergler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kliniken Südostbayern, Regensburg, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine (CGPM), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judith B Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ben Brumpton
- KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie E Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Adjunct Faculty, JSS University Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), JSS (Deemed to be) University, Mysuru, India
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ingrid E Christophersen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - John W Cole
- Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Cutler
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando
- Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lyn Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kui Dong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Saevit Eye Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork, Münster, Germany
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Genovefa D Kolovou
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Lipoprotein Apheresis Unit and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adriaan Kraaijeveld
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barry London
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Mackey
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory M Marcus
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Marques Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Nielsen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig E Pennell
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Perusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE-Chair of Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Dyanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Cardiology, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (DZHK) - Munich Heart Alliance, and Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thangavel A Thanaraj
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria-Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Niels H Wacher-Rodarte
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas M Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huichun Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Polimanti R, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Tylee DS, Tcheandjieu C, Hilliard AT, Levey DF, Adhikari K, Gaziano JM, O'Donnell CJ, Assimes TL, Stein MB, Gelernter J. Understanding the comorbidity between posttraumatic stress severity and coronary artery disease using genome-wide information and electronic health records. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3961-3969. [PMID: 35986173 PMCID: PMC10986859 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) contributes to the high morbidity and mortality observed for these conditions. To understand the dynamics underlying PTSD-CAD comorbidity, we investigated large-scale genome-wide association (GWA) statistics from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), the UK Biobank (UKB), the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium. We observed a genetic correlation of CAD with PTSD case-control and quantitative outcomes, ranging from 0.18 to 0.32. To investigate possible cause-effect relationships underlying these genetic correlations, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, observing a significant bidirectional relationship between CAD and PTSD symptom severity. Genetically-determined PCL-17 (PTSD 17-item Checklist) total score was associated with increased CAD risk (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 1.01-1.06). Conversely, CAD genetic liability was associated with reduced PCL-17 total score (beta = -0.42; 95% CI = -0.04 to -0.81). Because of these opposite-direction associations, we conducted a pleiotropic meta-analysis to investigate loci with concordant vs. discordant effects on PCL-17 and CAD, observing that concordant-effect loci were enriched for molecular pathways related to platelet amyloid precursor protein (beta = 1.53, p = 2.97 × 10-7) and astrocyte activation regulation (beta = 1.51, p = 2.48 × 10-6) while discordant-effect loci were enriched for biological processes related to lipid metabolism (e.g., triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance, beta = 2.32, p = 1.61 × 10-10). To follow up these results, we leveraged MVP and UKB electronic health records (EHR) to assess longitudinal changes in the association between CAD and posttraumatic stress severity. This EHR-based analysis highlighted that earlier CAD diagnosis is associated with increased PCL-total score later in life, while lower PCL total score was associated with increased risk of a later CAD diagnosis (Mann-Kendall trend test: MVP tau = 0.932, p < 2 × 10-16; UKB tau = 0.376, p = 0.005). In conclusion, both our genetically-informed analyses and our EHR-based follow-up investigation highlighted a bidirectional relationship between PTSD and CAD where multiple pleiotropic mechanisms are likely to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA.
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Tylee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Austin T Hilliard
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keyrun Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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28
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Voloudakis G, Vicari JM, Venkatesh S, Hoffman GE, Dobrindt K, Zhang W, Beckmann ND, Higgins CA, Argyriou S, Jiang S, Hoagland D, Gao L, Corvelo A, Cho K, Lee KM, Bian J, Lee JS, Iyengar SK, Luoh SW, Akbarian S, Striker R, Assimes TL, Schadt EE, Lynch JA, Merad M, tenOever BR, Charney AW, Brennand KJ, Fullard JF, Roussos P. A translational genomics approach identifies IL10RB as the top candidate gene target for COVID-19 susceptibility. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:52. [PMID: 36064543 PMCID: PMC9441828 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts have identified genetic loci that are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates and disease outcome severity. Translating these genetic findings into druggable genes that reduce COVID-19 host susceptibility is a critical next step. Using a translational genomics approach that integrates COVID-19 genetic susceptibility variants, multi-tissue genetically regulated gene expression (GReX), and perturbagen signatures, we identified IL10RB as the top candidate gene target for COVID-19 host susceptibility. In a series of validation steps, we show that predicted GReX upregulation of IL10RB and higher IL10RB expression in COVID-19 patient blood is associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes and that in vitro IL10RB overexpression is associated with increased viral load and activation of disease-relevant molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Voloudakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - James M Vicari
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanan Venkatesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristina Dobrindt
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina A Higgins
- Department of Microbiology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stathis Argyriou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daisy Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- Biostatistics Shared Resources, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiantao Bian
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer S Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiuh-Wen Luoh
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Striker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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29
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Dikilitas O, Schaid DJ, Tcheandjieu C, Clarke SL, Assimes TL, Kullo IJ. Use of Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease in Ancestrally Diverse Populations. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1169-1177. [PMID: 35796859 PMCID: PMC9645134 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A polygenic risk score (PRS) is a measure of genetic liability to a disease and is typically normally distributed in a population. Individuals in the upper tail of this distribution often have relative risk equivalent to that of monogenic form of the disease. The majority of currently available PRSs for coronary heart disease (CHD) have been generated from cohorts of European ancestry (EUR) and vary in their applicability to other ancestry groups. In this report, we review the performance of PRSs for CHD across different ancestries and efforts to reduce variability in performance including novel population and statistical genetics approaches. RECENT FINDINGS PRSs for CHD perform robustly in EUR populations but lag in performance in non-EUR groups, particularly individuals of African ancestry. Several large consortia have been established to enable genomic studies in diverse ancestry groups and develop methods to improve PRS performance in multi-ancestry contexts as well as admixed individuals. These include fine-mapping to ascertain causal variants, trans ancestry meta-analyses, and ancestry deconvolution in admixed individuals. PRSs are being used in the clinical setting but enthusiasm has been tempered by the variable performance in non-EUR ancestry groups. Increasing diversity in genomic association studies and continued innovation in methodological approaches are needed to improve PRS performance in non-EUR individuals for equitable implementation of genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinician-Investigator Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shoa L. Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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30
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Holliday KM, Gondalia R, Baldassari A, Justice AE, Stewart JD, Liao D, Yanosky JD, Jordahl KM, Bhatti P, Assimes TL, Pankow JS, Guan W, Fornage M, Bressler J, North KE, Conneely KN, Li Y, Hou L, Vokonas PS, Ward-Caviness CK, Wilson R, Wolf K, Waldenberger M, Cyrys J, Peters A, Boezen HM, Vonk JM, Sayols-Baixeras S, Lee M, Baccarelli AA, Whitsel EA. Gaseous air pollutants and DNA methylation in a methylome-wide association study of an ethnically and environmentally diverse population of U.S. adults. Environ Res 2022; 212:113360. [PMID: 35500859 PMCID: PMC9354583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms may underlie air pollution-health outcome associations. We estimated gaseous air pollutant-DNA methylation (DNAm) associations using twelve subpopulations within Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohorts (n = 8397; mean age 61.3 years; 83% female; 46% African-American, 46% European-American, 8% Hispanic/Latino). We used geocoded participant address-specific mean ambient carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO2; NOx), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations estimated over the 2-, 7-, 28-, and 365-day periods before collection of blood samples used to generate Illumina 450 k array leukocyte DNAm measurements. We estimated methylome-wide, subpopulation- and race/ethnicity-stratified pollutant-DNAm associations in multi-level, linear mixed-effects models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, meteorological, and technical covariates. We combined stratum-specific estimates in inverse variance-weighted meta-analyses and characterized significant associations (false discovery rate; FDR<0.05) at Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) sites without among-strata heterogeneity (PCochran's Q > 0.05). We attempted replication in the Cooperative Health Research in Region of Augsburg (KORA) study and Normative Aging Study (NAS). We observed a -0.3 (95% CI: -0.4, -0.2) unit decrease in percent DNAm per interquartile range (IQR, 7.3 ppb) increase in 28-day mean NO2 concentration at cg01885635 (chromosome 3; regulatory region 290 bp upstream from ZNF621; FDR = 0.03). At intragenic sites cg21849932 (chromosome 20; LIME1; intron 3) and cg05353869 (chromosome 11; KLHL35; exon 2), we observed a -0.3 (95% CI: -0.4, -0.2) unit decrease (FDR = 0.04) and a 1.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 1.7) unit increase (FDR = 0.04), respectively, in percent DNAm per IQR (17.6 ppb) increase in 7-day mean ozone concentration. Results were not fully replicated in KORA and NAS. We identified three CpG sites potentially susceptible to gaseous air pollution-induced DNAm changes near genes relevant for cardiovascular and lung disease. Further harmonized investigations with a range of gaseous pollutants and averaging durations are needed to determine the effect of gaseous air pollutants on DNA methylation and ultimately gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M Holliday
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Rahul Gondalia
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antoine Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeff D Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kristina M Jordahl
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA; Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pantel S Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - H Marike Boezen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Campus Del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Clarke SL, Parham M, Lankester J, Shadyab AH, Liu S, Kooperberg C, Manson JE, Tcheandjieu C, Assimes TL. Broad clinical manifestations of polygenic risk for coronary artery disease in the Women's Health Initiative. Commun Med (Lond) 2022; 2:108. [PMID: 36034645 PMCID: PMC9411562 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic basis for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk is highly complex. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) can help to quantify that risk, but the broader impacts of polygenic risk for CAD are not well characterized. Methods We measured polygenic risk for CAD using the meta genomic risk score, a previously validated genome-wide PRS, in a subset of genotyped participants from the Women's Health Initiative and applied a phenome-wide association study framework to assess associations between the PRS and a broad range of blood biomarkers, clinical measurements, and health outcomes. Results Polygenic risk for CAD is associated with a variety of biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses related to traditional risk factors, as well as risk-enhancing factors. Analysis of adjudicated outcomes shows a graded association between atherosclerosis related outcomes, with the highest odds ratios being observed for the most severe manifestations of CAD. We find associations between increased polygenic risk for CAD and decreased risk for incident breast and lung cancer, with replication of the breast cancer finding in an external cohort. Genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization suggest that breast cancer association is likely due to horizontal pleiotropy, while the association with lung cancer may be causal. Conclusion Polygenic risk for CAD has broad clinical manifestations, reflected in biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses. Some of these associations may represent direct pathways between genetic risk and CAD while others may reflect pleiotropic effects independent of CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoa L. Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Matthew Parham
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Joanna Lankester
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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Ramdas S, Judd J, Graham SE, Kanoni S, Wang Y, Surakka I, Wenz B, Clarke SL, Chesi A, Wells A, Bhatti KF, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Zajac GJM, Wu KHH, Ntalla I, Hui Q, Klarin D, Hilliard AT, Wang Z, Xue C, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Hwang MY, Han S, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Pacheco JA, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Feng Q, Kullo IJ, Narita A, Takayama J, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Trivedi B, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Rasheed A, Hindy G, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Bjerregaard AA, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Lee WJ, Hsiung CA, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Mauro P, Matteo F, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Schönherr S, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Ruotsalainen SE, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Le P, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Hemerich D, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Noah TL, Verma A, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Demirkan A, Leonard HL, Marten J, Emmel C, Schmidt B, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Nongmaithem SS, Sankareswaran A, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Banas B, Morgan A, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Bentley AR, Doumatey AP, Adeyemo AA, Lee JY, Petersen ERB, Nielsen AA, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hidalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, He KY, Tang H, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Ida Chen YD, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Zimmermann ME, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Peyser PA, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Böger CA, Jung B, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Walker M, Scott LJ, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Mercader JM, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Jin ZB, Lu F, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, T Hart LM, Elders PJM, Rader DJ, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Rotimi CN, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney L, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Francesco C, Mook-Kanamori DO, Willems van Dijk K, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Huey-Herng Sheu W, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Li H, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ikram A, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Tuomilehto J, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Baras A, Justice AE, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, van Heel DA, Trembath RC, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Kim BJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Zhang J, Chen YE, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Struan Grant, Natarajan P, Sun YV, Morris AP, Deloukas P, Peloso G, Assimes TL, Willer CJ, Zhu X, Brown CD. A multi-layer functional genomic analysis to understand noncoding genetic variation in lipids. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1366-1387. [PMID: 35931049 PMCID: PMC9388392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is to translate phenotypic associations into biological insights. Here, we integrate a large GWAS on blood lipids involving 1.6 million individuals from five ancestries with a wide array of functional genomic datasets to discover regulatory mechanisms underlying lipid associations. We first prioritize lipid-associated genes with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) colocalizations and then add chromatin interaction data to narrow the search for functional genes. Polygenic enrichment analysis across 697 annotations from a host of tissues and cell types confirms the central role of the liver in lipid levels and highlights the selective enrichment of adipose-specific chromatin marks in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Overlapping transcription factor (TF) binding sites with lipid-associated loci identifies TFs relevant in lipid biology. In addition, we present an integrative framework to prioritize causal variants at GWAS loci, producing a comprehensive list of candidate causal genes and variants with multiple layers of functional evidence. We highlight two of the prioritized genes, CREBRF and RRBP1, which show convergent evidence across functional datasets supporting their roles in lipid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Judd
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brandon Wenz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Wells
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA; Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Allen Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Jun Takayama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK; Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, EH16 4UX Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, SD, Pakistan & Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, UB1 3HW Middlesex, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, W12 0HS London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, CB1 8RN Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, BS1 2LY Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne A Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases. Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pala Mauro
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Floris Matteo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck and Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daiane Hemerich
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Tsao L Noah
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, QC H1T1C8, Canada
| | | | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental research, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carina Emmel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden; Center for diabetes research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alagu Sankareswaran
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India; Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 1628655, Japan
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece; Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jong Young Lee
- Oneomics. co. ltd. 2F, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center 173, Buheuyng-ro, Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 14585, Korea
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Aneta A Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA Hinxton, UK; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA Hinxton, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christian Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland; Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Y He
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Ohio State University, Division of Endricinology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892-9205, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 5650871, Japan; Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 5650871, Japan
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Ceslrntre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CG, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Hawkesbury Rd, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, EwhaWomans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892-9205, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892-9205, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; Algebra University College, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 1628655, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany; KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany; KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, 75 M. Assias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, 124 61 Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Kutzerufer 1, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland; Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines; Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ananda R Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India; Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.Box 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India; JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB London, UK
| | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dermot F Reilly
- Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, 3001 S. Hanover St., Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China; The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, QC H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, QC H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Leen M T Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- 16Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lambertus Kiemeney
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck and Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for population studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for population studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cucca Francesco
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy; University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK; Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases. Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, SW17 0RE London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W12 7RH London, UK
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District Taichung City 40705, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City 112201, Taiwan
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Data Science, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA Hinxton, UK; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, UB1 3HW Middlesex, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, W12 0HS London, UK; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, UB1 3HW Middlesex, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, W12 0HS London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, SD, Pakistan & Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, SD, Pakistan & Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Big Data Instutute, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science,1:042 Polwarth Building School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Struan Grant
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gina Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Tcheandjieu C, Zhu X, Hilliard AT, Clarke SL, Napolioni V, Ma S, Lee KM, Fang H, Chen F, Lu Y, Tsao NL, Raghavan S, Koyama S, Gorman BR, Vujkovic M, Klarin D, Levin MG, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Wojcik GL, Plomondon ME, Maddox TM, Waldo SW, Bick AG, Pyarajan S, Huang J, Song R, Ho YL, Buyske S, Kooperberg C, Haessler J, Loos RJF, Do R, Verbanck M, Chaudhary K, North KE, Avery CL, Graff M, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Bis JC, Leonard H, Shen B, Lange LA, Giri A, Dikilitas O, Kullo IJ, Stanaway IB, Jarvik GP, Gordon AS, Hebbring S, Namjou B, Kaufman KM, Ito K, Ishigaki K, Kamatani Y, Verma SS, Ritchie MD, Kember RL, Baras A, Lotta LA, Kathiresan S, Hauser ER, Miller DR, Lee JS, Saleheen D, Reaven PD, Cho K, Gaziano JM, Natarajan P, Huffman JE, Voight BF, Rader DJ, Chang KM, Lynch JA, Damrauer SM, Wilson PWF, Tang H, Sun YV, Tsao PS, O'Donnell CJ, Assimes TL. Large-scale genome-wide association study of coronary artery disease in genetically diverse populations. Nat Med 2022; 28:1679-1692. [PMID: 35915156 PMCID: PMC9419655 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coronary artery disease (CAD) incorporating nearly a quarter of a million cases, in which existing studies are integrated with data from cohorts of white, Black and Hispanic individuals from the Million Veteran Program. We document near equivalent heritability of CAD across multiple ancestral groups, identify 95 novel loci, including nine on the X chromosome, detect eight loci of genome-wide significance in Black and Hispanic individuals, and demonstrate that two common haplotypes at the 9p21 locus are responsible for risk stratification in all populations except those of African origin, in which these haplotypes are virtually absent. Moreover, in the largest GWAS for angiographically derived coronary atherosclerosis performed to date, we find 15 loci of genome-wide significance that robustly overlap with established loci for clinical CAD. Phenome-wide association analyses of novel loci and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) augment signals related to insulin resistance, extend pleiotropic associations of these loci to include smoking and family history, and precisely document the markedly reduced transferability of existing PRSs to Black individuals. Downstream integrative analyses reinforce the critical roles of vascular endothelial, fibroblast, and smooth muscle cells in CAD susceptibility, but also point to a shared biology between atherosclerosis and oncogenesis. This study highlights the value of diverse populations in further characterizing the genetic architecture of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shining Ma
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Huaying Fang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Noah L Tsao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- Medicine Service, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Bryan R Gorman
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Levin
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary E Plomondon
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- CART Program, VHA Office of Quality and Patient Safety, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas M Maddox
- Healthcare Innovation Lab, JC HealthCare/Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen W Waldo
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- CART Program, VHA Office of Quality and Patient Safety, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Do
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie Verbanck
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- EA 7537 BioSTM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kumardeep Chaudhary
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica Int'l, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Botong Shen
- Health Disparities Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ian B Stanaway
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam S Gordon
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott Hebbring
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences - The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donald R Miller
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Center for Population Health, Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Lee
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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34
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Kelly TN, Sun X, He KY, Brown MR, Taliun SAG, Hellwege JN, Irvin MR, Mi X, Brody JA, Franceschini N, Guo X, Hwang SJ, de Vries PS, Gao Y, Moscati A, Nadkarni GN, Yanek LR, Elfassy T, Smith JA, Chung RH, Beitelshees AL, Patki A, Aslibekyan S, Blobner BM, Peralta JM, Assimes TL, Palmas WR, Liu C, Bress AP, Huang Z, Becker LC, Hwa CM, O'Connell JR, Carlson JC, Warren HR, Das S, Giri A, Martin LW, Craig Johnson W, Fox ER, Bottinger EP, Razavi AC, Vaidya D, Chuang LM, Chang YPC, Naseri T, Jain D, Kang HM, Hung AM, Srinivasasainagendra V, Snively BM, Gu D, Montasser ME, Reupena MS, Heavner BD, LeFaive J, Hixson JE, Rice KM, Wang FF, Nielsen JB, Huang J, Khan AT, Zhou W, Nierenberg JL, Laurie CC, Armstrong ND, Shi M, Pan Y, Stilp AM, Emery L, Wong Q, Hawley NL, Minster RL, Curran JE, Munroe PB, Weeks DE, North KE, Tracy RP, Kenny EE, Shimbo D, Chakravarti A, Rich SS, Reiner AP, Blangero J, Redline S, Mitchell BD, Rao DC, Ida Chen YD, Kardia SLR, Kaplan RC, Mathias RA, He J, Psaty BM, Fornage M, Loos RJF, Correa A, Boerwinkle E, Rotter JI, Kooperberg C, Edwards TL, Abecasis GR, Zhu X, Levy D, Arnett DK, Morrison AC. Insights From a Large-Scale Whole-Genome Sequencing Study of Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Hypertension. Hypertension 2022; 79:1656-1667. [PMID: 35652341 PMCID: PMC9593435 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of whole-genome sequencing data in large studies has enabled the assessment of coding and noncoding variants across the allele frequency spectrum for their associations with blood pressure. METHODS We conducted a multiancestry whole-genome sequencing analysis of blood pressure among 51 456 Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine and Centers for Common Disease Genomics program participants (stage-1). Stage-2 analyses leveraged array data from UK Biobank (N=383 145), Million Veteran Program (N=318 891), and Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (N=10 643) participants, along with whole-exome sequencing data from UK Biobank (N=199 631) participants. RESULTS Two blood pressure signals achieved genome-wide significance in meta-analyses of stage-1 and stage-2 single variant findings (P<5×10-8). Among them, a rare intergenic variant at novel locus, LOC100506274, was associated with lower systolic blood pressure in stage-1 (beta [SE]=-32.6 [6.0]; P=4.99×10-8) but not stage-2 analysis (P=0.11). Furthermore, a novel common variant at the known INSR locus was suggestively associated with diastolic blood pressure in stage-1 (beta [SE]=-0.36 [0.07]; P=4.18×10-7) and attained genome-wide significance in stage-2 (beta [SE]=-0.29 [0.03]; P=7.28×10-23). Nineteen additional signals suggestively associated with blood pressure in meta-analysis of single and aggregate rare variant findings (P<1×10-6 and P<1×10-4, respectively). DISCUSSION We report one promising but unconfirmed rare variant for blood pressure and, more importantly, contribute insights for future blood pressure sequencing studies. Our findings suggest promise of aggregate analyses to complement single variant analysis strategies and the need for larger, diverse samples, and family studies to enable robust rare variant identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Translational Sciences Institute (T.N.K., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Karen Y He
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (K.Y.H., X.Z.)
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.R.B., P.D.d.V., J.E.H., E.B., A.C.M.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston' Houston' TX
| | - Sarah A Gagliano Taliun
- Department of Biostatistics (S.A.G.T., S.D., H.M.K., J.L., G.R.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.N.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville' TN (J.N.H., A.G., A.M.H., T.L.E.)
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology (M.R.I., S.A., N.D.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham' AL
| | - Xuenan Mi
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., K.E.N.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (N.F.)
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance' CA (X.G., Y.-D.I.C., J.I.R., D.L.)
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA (S.-J.H.)
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.R.B., P.D.d.V., J.E.H., E.B., A.C.M.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston' Houston' TX
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Y.G., E.E.K., R.J.F.L.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson' MS
| | - Arden Moscati
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (A.M., G.N.N.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (A.M., G.N.N.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine (G.N.N.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.R.Y., D.V.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tali Elfassy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami' FL (T.E.)
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology (J.A.S., S.L.R.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Institute of Population Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan (R.-H.C.)
| | - Amber L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore' MD (A.L.B., J.R.O., Y.-P.C.C., M.E.M., B.D.M.)
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics (A.P., V.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham' AL
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology (M.R.I., S.A., N.D.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham' AL
| | - Brandon M Blobner
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
- Department of Human Genetics (B.M.B., R.L.M., D.E.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juan M Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville' TX (J.M.P., J.E.C., J.B.)
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford' CA (T.L.A.)
- Division of Cardiology Medicine, Palo Alto VA HealthCare System, Palo Alto' CA (T.L.A.)
| | - Walter R Palmas
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (W.R.P.)
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston' MA (C.L.)
| | - Adam P Bress
- Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City' UT (A.P.B.)
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (L.C.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chii-Min Hwa
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C.-M.H.)
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore' MD (A.L.B., J.R.O., Y.-P.C.C., M.E.M., B.D.M.)
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health (J.C.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Helen R Warren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Sayantan Das
- Department of Biostatistics (S.A.G.T., S.D., H.M.K., J.L., G.R.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - Ayush Giri
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville' TN (J.N.H., A.G., A.M.H., T.L.E.)
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.G.)
| | - Lisa W Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC (L.W.M.)
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (E.R.F.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson' MS
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai (E.P.B.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alexander C Razavi
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.R.Y., D.V.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei' Taiwan (L.-M.C.)
| | - Yen-Pei C Chang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore' MD (A.L.B., J.R.O., Y.-P.C.C., M.E.M., B.D.M.)
| | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia' Samoa (T.N.)
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics (S.A.G.T., S.D., H.M.K., J.L., G.R.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - Adriana M Hung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.M.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville' TN (J.N.H., A.G., A.M.H., T.L.E.)
| | | | - Beverly M Snively
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (B.M.S.)
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G., J.H.)
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore' MD (A.L.B., J.R.O., Y.-P.C.C., M.E.M., B.D.M.)
| | | | - Benjamin D Heavner
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Jonathon LeFaive
- Department of Biostatistics (S.A.G.T., S.D., H.M.K., J.L., G.R.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - James E Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.R.B., P.D.d.V., J.E.H., E.B., A.C.M.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston' Houston' TX
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Fei Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- Department of Internal Medicine: Cardiology (J.B.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.N.)
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Translational Sciences Institute (T.N.K., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Epidemiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G., J.H.)
| | - Alyna T Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (W.Z.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - Jovia L Nierenberg
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Nicole D Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology (M.R.I., S.A., N.D.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham' AL
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Adrienne M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Leslie Emery
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (W.C.J., D.J., B.D.H., K.M.R., F.F.E., A.T.K., C.C.L., A.M.S., L.E., Q.W.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (N.L.H.)
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics (B.M.B., R.L.M., D.E.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville' TX (J.M.P., J.E.C., J.B.)
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics (B.M.B., R.L.M., D.E.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Biostatistics (D.E.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kari E North
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., K.E.N.), University of Washington, Seattle' WA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington' VT (R.P.T.)
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Y.G., E.E.K., R.J.F.L.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson' MS
- Department of Genetics and Genomics (E.E.K.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (D.S.)
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine (A.C.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson' MS
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville' VA (S.S.R.)
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.P.R., C.K.)
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville' TX (J.M.P., J.E.C., J.B.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.R.)
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore' MD (A.L.B., J.R.O., Y.-P.C.C., M.E.M., B.D.M.)
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore' MD (B.D.M.)
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.)
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance' CA (X.G., Y.-D.I.C., J.I.R., D.L.)
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology (J.A.S., S.L.R.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Division of Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (R.C.K.)
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine (R.A.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology (T.N.K., X.S., X.M., Z.H., A.C.R., J.L.N., M.S., Y.P., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle' WA (B.M.P.)
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston' Houston' TX
- Human Genetics Center (M.F.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston' Houston' TX
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance' CA (X.G., Y.-D.I.C., J.I.R., D.L.)
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute (R.J.F.L.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.C.)
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.R.B., P.D.d.V., J.E.H., E.B., A.C.M.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston' Houston' TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (E.B.)
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance' CA (X.G., Y.-D.I.C., J.I.R., D.L.)
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.P.R., C.K.)
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (T.L.E.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville' TN (J.N.H., A.G., A.M.H., T.L.E.)
| | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics (S.A.G.T., S.D., H.M.K., J.L., G.R.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor' MI
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (K.Y.H., X.Z.)
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance' CA (X.G., Y.-D.I.C., J.I.R., D.L.)
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (D.K.A.)
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.R.B., P.D.d.V., J.E.H., E.B., A.C.M.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston' Houston' TX
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35
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Clarke SL, Huang RDL, Hilliard AT, Tcheandjieu C, Lynch J, Damrauer SM, Chang KM, Tsao PS, Assimes TL. Race and Ethnicity Stratification for Polygenic Risk Score Analyses May Mask Disparities in Hispanics. Circulation 2022; 146:265-267. [PMID: 35861770 PMCID: PMC10063323 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (S.L.C., R.D.L.H., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L.C., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Rose D L Huang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (S.L.C., R.D.L.H., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- Center for Population Genomics, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System (R.D.L.H.)
| | - Austin T Hilliard
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (S.L.C., R.D.L.H., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L.C., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (S.L.C., R.D.L.H., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L.C., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Julie Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (J.L.)
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (S.M.D., K.-M.C.)
- Departments of Surgery (S.M.D.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (S.M.D., K.-M.C.)
- Medicine (K.-M.C.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (S.L.C., R.D.L.H., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L.C., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute (P.S.T., T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (S.L.C., R.D.L.H., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L.C., A.T.H., C.T., P.S.T., T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute (P.S.T., T.L.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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36
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Patel RA, Musharoff SA, Spence JP, Pimentel H, Tcheandjieu C, Mostafavi H, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Clarke SL, Smith CJ, Durda PP, Taylor KD, Tracy R, Liu Y, Johnson WC, Aguet F, Ardlie KG, Gabriel S, Smith J, Nickerson DA, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Tsao PS, Assimes TL, Pritchard JK. Genetic interactions drive heterogeneity in causal variant effect sizes for gene expression and complex traits. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1286-1297. [PMID: 35716666 PMCID: PMC9300878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing number of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), it remains unclear to what extent gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions influence complex traits in humans. The magnitude of genetic interactions in complex traits has been difficult to quantify because GWASs are generally underpowered to detect individual interactions of small effect. Here, we develop a method to test for genetic interactions that aggregates information across all trait-associated loci. Specifically, we test whether SNPs in regions of European ancestry shared between European American and admixed African American individuals have the same causal effect sizes. We hypothesize that in African Americans, the presence of genetic interactions will drive the causal effect sizes of SNPs in regions of European ancestry to be more similar to those of SNPs in regions of African ancestry. We apply our method to two traits: gene expression in 296 African Americans and 482 European Americans in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 74K African Americans and 296K European Americans in the Million Veteran Program (MVP). We find significant evidence for genetic interactions in our analysis of gene expression; for LDL-C, we observe a similar point estimate, although this is not significant, most likely due to lower statistical power. These results suggest that gene-by-gene or gene-by-environment interactions modify the effect sizes of causal variants in human complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni A Patel
- Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Shaila A Musharoff
- Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Spence
- Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harold Pimentel
- Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Courtney J Smith
- Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter P Durda
- The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Russell Tracy
- The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Josh Smith
- Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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37
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Schnurr TM, Katz SF, Justesen JM, O'Sullivan JW, Saliba-Gustafsson P, Assimes TL, Carcamo-Orive I, Ahmed A, Ashley EA, Hansen T, Knowles JW. Interactions of physical activity, muscular fitness, adiposity, and genetic risk for NAFLD. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1516-1526. [PMID: 35293152 PMCID: PMC9234625 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and unhealthy lifestyle are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether the genetic risk of NAFLD is modified by physical activity, muscular fitness, and/or adiposity. In up to 242,524 UK Biobank participants without excessive alcohol intake or known liver disease, we examined cross-sectional interactions and joint associations of physical activity, muscular fitness, body mass index (BMI), and a genetic risk score (GRS) with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and the proxy definition for suspected NAFLD of ALT levels > 30 U/L in women and >40 U/L in men. Genetic predisposition to NAFLD was quantified using a GRS consisting of 68 loci known to be associated with chronically elevated ALT. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometry, and muscular fitness was estimated by measuring handgrip strength. We found that increased physical activity and grip strength modestly attenuate genetic predisposition to elevation in ALT levels, whereas higher BMI markedly amplifies it (all p values < 0.001). Among those with normal weight and high level of physical activity, the odds of suspected NAFLD were 1.6-fold higher in those with high versus low genetic risk (reference group). In those with high genetic risk, the odds of suspected NAFLD were 12-fold higher in obese participants with low physical activity versus those with normal weight and high physical activity (odds ratio for NAFLD = 19.2 and 1.6, respectively, vs. reference group). Conclusion: In individuals with high genetic predisposition for NAFLD, maintaining a normal body weight and increased physical activity may reduce the risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M Schnurr
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Sophia Figueroa Katz
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Johanne M Justesen
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Jack W O'Sullivan
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter Saliba-Gustafsson
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Cardiovascular Medicine UnitDepartment of MedicineCenter for Molecular Medicine at BioClinicumKarolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Stanford Diabetes Research CenterStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Department of Biomedical Data ScienceStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Stanford Diabetes Research CenterStanfordCaliforniaUSA.,Stanford Prevention Research CenterStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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38
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Smail C, Ferraro NM, Hui Q, Durrant MG, Aguirre M, Tanigawa Y, Keever-Keigher MR, Rao AS, Justesen JM, Li X, Gloudemans MJ, Assimes TL, Kooperberg C, Reiner AP, Huang J, O'Donnell CJ, Sun YV, Rivas MA, Montgomery SB. Integration of rare expression outlier-associated variants improves polygenic risk prediction. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1055-1064. [PMID: 35588732 PMCID: PMC9247823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) quantify the contribution of multiple genetic loci to an individual's likelihood of a complex trait or disease. However, existing PRSs estimate this likelihood with common genetic variants, excluding the impact of rare variants. Here, we report on a method to identify rare variants associated with outlier gene expression and integrate their impact into PRS predictions for body mass index (BMI), obesity, and bariatric surgery. Between the top and bottom 10%, we observed a 20.8% increase in risk for obesity (p = 3 × 10-14), 62.3% increase in risk for severe obesity (p = 1 × 10-6), and median 5.29 years earlier onset for bariatric surgery (p = 0.008), as a function of expression outlier-associated rare variant burden when controlling for common variant PRS. We show that these predictions were more significant than integrating the effects of rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs), observing a mean 19% increase in phenotypic variance explained with expression outlier-associated rare variants when compared with PTVs (p = 2 × 10-15). We replicated these findings by using data from the Million Veteran Program and demonstrated that PRSs across multiple traits and diseases can benefit from the inclusion of expression outlier-associated rare variants identified through population-scale transcriptome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Smail
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Nicole M Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qin Hui
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew G Durrant
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Aguirre
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yosuke Tanigawa
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marissa R Keever-Keigher
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Abhiram S Rao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Johanne M Justesen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael J Gloudemans
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jie Huang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Boston VA Health Care System, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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39
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Vujkovic M, Ramdas S, Lorenz KM, Guo X, Darlay R, Cordell HJ, He J, Gindin Y, Chung C, Myers RP, Schneider CV, Park J, Lee KM, Serper M, Carr RM, Kaplan DE, Haas ME, MacLean MT, Witschey WR, Zhu X, Tcheandjieu C, Kember RL, Kranzler HR, Verma A, Giri A, Klarin DM, Sun YV, Huang J, Huffman JE, Creasy KT, Hand NJ, Liu CT, Long MT, Yao J, Budoff M, Tan J, Li X, Lin HJ, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Chang RK, Krauss RM, Vilarinho S, Brancale J, Nielsen JB, Locke AE, Jones MB, Verweij N, Baras A, Reddy KR, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Schwimmer JB, Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Ryan KA, Mitchell BD, Gill D, Wells AD, Manduchi E, Saiman Y, Mahmud N, Miller DR, Reaven PD, Phillips LS, Muralidhar S, DuVall SL, Lee JS, Assimes TL, Pyarajan S, Cho K, Edwards TL, Damrauer SM, Wilson PW, Gaziano JM, O'Donnell CJ, Khera AV, Grant SFA, Brown CD, Tsao PS, Saleheen D, Lotta LA, Bastarache L, Anstee QM, Daly AK, Meigs JB, Rotter JI, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Voight BF, Chang KM. A multiancestry genome-wide association study of unexplained chronic ALT elevation as a proxy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with histological and radiological validation. Nat Genet 2022; 54:761-771. [PMID: 35654975 PMCID: PMC10024253 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of chronic liver disease. Using a proxy NAFLD definition of chronic elevation of alanine aminotransferase (cALT) levels without other liver diseases, we performed a multiancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) including 90,408 cALT cases and 128,187 controls. Seventy-seven loci exceeded genome-wide significance, including 25 without prior NAFLD or alanine aminotransferase associations, with one additional locus identified in European American-only and two in African American-only analyses (P < 5 × 10-8). External replication in histology-defined NAFLD cohorts (7,397 cases and 56,785 controls) or radiologic imaging cohorts (n = 44,289) replicated 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 6.5 × 10-4), of which 9 were new (TRIB1, PPARG, MTTP, SERPINA1, FTO, IL1RN, COBLL1, APOH and IFI30). Pleiotropy analysis showed that 61 of 77 multiancestry and all 17 replicated SNPs were jointly associated with metabolic and/or inflammatory traits, revealing a complex model of genetic architecture. Our approach integrating cALT, histology and imaging reveals new insights into genetic liability to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim M Lorenz
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Darlay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Robert P Myers
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
- The Liver Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carolin V Schneider
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David E Kaplan
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary E Haas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew T MacLean
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter R Witschey
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek M Klarin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Kate Townsend Creasy
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle T Long
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Department of Cardiology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ruey-Kang Chang
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Vilarinho
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Brancale
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - K Rajender Reddy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yedidya Saiman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nadim Mahmud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald R Miller
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Center for Population Health, Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sumitra Muralidhar
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scott L DuVall
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer S Lee
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter W Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K Daly
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Yang Z, Macdonald-Dunlop E, Chen J, Zhai R, Li T, Richmond A, Klarić L, Pirastu N, Ning Z, Zheng C, Wang Y, Huang T, He Y, Guo H, Ying K, Gustafsson S, Prins B, Ramisch A, Dermitzakis ET, Png G, Eriksson N, Haessler J, Hu X, Zanetti D, Boutin T, Hwang SJ, Wheeler E, Pietzner M, Raffield LM, Kalnapenkis A, Peters JE, Viñuela A, Gilly A, Elmståhl S, Dedoussis G, Petrie JR, Polašek O, Folkersen L, Chen Y, Yao C, Võsa U, Pairo-Castineira E, Clohisey S, Bretherick AD, Rawlik K, Esko T, Enroth S, Johansson Å, Gyllensten U, Langenberg C, Levy D, Hayward C, Assimes TL, Kooperberg C, Manichaikul AW, Siegbahn A, Wallentin L, Lind L, Zeggini E, Schwenk JM, Butterworth AS, Michaëlsson K, Pawitan Y, Joshi PK, Baillie JK, Mälarstig A, Reiner AP, Wilson JF, Shen X. Genetic Landscape of the ACE2 Coronavirus Receptor. Circulation 2022; 145:1398-1411. [PMID: 35387486 PMCID: PMC9047645 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, enters human cells using the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein as a receptor. ACE2 is thus key to the infection and treatment of the coronavirus. ACE2 is highly expressed in the heart and respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, playing important regulatory roles in the cardiovascular and other biological systems. However, the genetic basis of the ACE2 protein levels is not well understood. METHODS We have conducted the largest genome-wide association meta-analysis of plasma ACE2 levels in >28 000 individuals of the SCALLOP Consortium (Systematic and Combined Analysis of Olink Proteins). We summarize the cross-sectional epidemiological correlates of circulating ACE2. Using the summary statistics-based high-definition likelihood method, we estimate relevant genetic correlations with cardiometabolic phenotypes, COVID-19, and other human complex traits and diseases. We perform causal inference of soluble ACE2 on vascular disease outcomes and COVID-19 severity using mendelian randomization. We also perform in silico functional analysis by integrating with other types of omics data. RESULTS We identified 10 loci, including 8 novel, capturing 30% of the heritability of the protein. We detected that plasma ACE2 was genetically correlated with vascular diseases, severe COVID-19, and a wide range of human complex diseases and medications. An X-chromosome cis-protein quantitative trait loci-based mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal effect of elevated ACE2 levels on COVID-19 severity (odds ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.10-2.42]; P=0.01), hospitalization (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.05-2.21]; P=0.03), and infection (odds ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.08-2.37]; P=0.02). Tissue- and cell type-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis revealed that the ACE2 regulatory variants were enriched for DNA methylation sites in blood immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Human plasma ACE2 shares a genetic basis with cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, and other related diseases. The genetic architecture of the ACE2 protein is mapped, providing a useful resource for further biological and clinical studies on this coronavirus receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Yang
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Erin Macdonald-Dunlop
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
| | - Jiantao Chen
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Ranran Zhai
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Ting Li
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- Human Technopole Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, Milan, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Zheng Ning
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Chenqing Zheng
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Yazhou He
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (Y.H.)
| | - Huiming Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (H.G.)
| | - Kejun Ying
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (K.Y.)
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA (K.Y.)
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Bram Prins
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
| | - Anna Ramisch
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
| | - Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
| | - Grace Png
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Germany (G.P.)
| | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (X.H., A.W.M.)
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Germany (M.P., C.L.)
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (L.M.R.)
| | - Anette Kalnapenkis
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K.)
| | - James E. Peters
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, UK (J.E.P.)
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK (A.V.)
| | - Arthur Gilly
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK (A.G., E.Z.)
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden (S. Elmståhl)
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece (G.D.)
| | - John R. Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK (J. Petrie)
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Croatia (O.P.)
- Algebra University College, Ilica, Zagreb, Croatia (O.P.)
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | - Sara Clohisey
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | - Andrew D. Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | | | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Germany (M.P., C.L.)
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - Ani W. Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (X.H., A.W.M.)
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK (A.G., E.Z.)
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Germany (E.Z.)
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.)
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, UK (A.S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, UK (A.S.B.)
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (K.M.)
| | - Yudi Pawitan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
| | - J. Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK (J.K.B.)
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.)
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Xia Shen
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
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41
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Nakao T, Bick AG, Taub MA, Zekavat SM, Uddin MM, Niroula A, Carty CL, Lane J, Honigberg MC, Weinstock JS, Pampana A, Gibson CJ, Griffin GK, Clarke SL, Bhattacharya R, Assimes TL, Emery LS, Stilp AM, Wong Q, Broome J, Laurie CA, Khan AT, Smith AV, Blackwell TW, Codd V, Nelson CP, Yoneda ZT, Peralta JM, Bowden DW, Irvin MR, Boorgula M, Zhao W, Yanek LR, Wiggins KL, Hixson JE, Gu CC, Peloso GM, Roden DM, Reupena MS, Hwu CM, DeMeo DL, North KE, Kelly S, Musani SK, Bis JC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Johnsen JM, Preuss M, Tracy RP, Peyser PA, Qiao D, Desai P, Curran JE, Freedman BI, Tiwari HK, Chavan S, Smith JA, Smith NL, Kelly TN, Hidalgo B, Cupples LA, Weeks DE, Hawley NL, Minster RL, Deka R, Naseri TT, de las Fuentes L, Raffield LM, Morrison AC, Vries PS, Ballantyne CM, Kenny EE, Rich SS, Whitsel EA, Cho MH, Shoemaker MB, Pace BS, Blangero J, Palmer ND, Mitchell BD, Shuldiner AR, Barnes KC, Redline S, Kardia SL, Abecasis GR, Becker LC, Heckbert SR, He J, Post W, Arnett DK, Vasan RS, Darbar D, Weiss ST, McGarvey ST, de Andrade M, Chen YDI, Kaplan RC, Meyers DA, Custer BS, Correa A, Psaty BM, Fornage M, Manson JE, Boerwinkle E, Konkle BA, Loos RJ, Rotter JI, Silverman EK, Kooperberg C, Danesh J, Samani NJ, Jaiswal S, Libby P, Ellinor PT, Pankratz N, Ebert BL, Reiner AP, Mathias RA, Do R, Natarajan P. Mendelian randomization supports bidirectional causality between telomere length and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl6579. [PMID: 35385311 PMCID: PMC8986098 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic studies support an inverse causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and coronary artery disease (CAD), but directionally mixed effects for LTL and diverse malignancies. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), characterized by expansion of hematopoietic cells bearing leukemogenic mutations, predisposes both hematologic malignancy and CAD. TERT (which encodes telomerase reverse transcriptase) is the most significantly associated germline locus for CHIP in genome-wide association studies. Here, we investigated the relationship between CHIP, LTL, and CAD in the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program (n = 63,302) and UK Biobank (n = 47,080). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization studies were consistent with longer genetically imputed LTL increasing propensity to develop CHIP, but CHIP then, in turn, hastens to shorten measured LTL (mLTL). We also demonstrated evidence of modest mediation between CHIP and CAD by mLTL. Our data promote an understanding of potential causal relationships across CHIP and LTL toward prevention of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Nakao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G. Bick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret A. Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Md M. Uddin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhishek Niroula
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cara L. Carty
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael C. Honigberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua S. Weinstock
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Akhil Pampana
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gabriel K. Griffin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shoa L. Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Romit Bhattacharya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Leslie S. Emery
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adrienne M. Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jai Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cecelia A. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alyna T. Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas W. Blackwell
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher P. Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Zachary T. Yoneda
- Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan M. Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Meher Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E. Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C. Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gina M. Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan M. Roden
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon Kelly
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF, Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinkal Desai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Internal Medicine–Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tanika N. Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - The Samoan Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study (OLaGA) Group
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF, Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Internal Medicine–Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Health, American Samoa Government, Pago Pago, American Samoa, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Dean’s Office, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Take T. Naseri
- Department of Health, American Samoa Government, Pago Pago, American Samoa, USA
| | - Lisa de las Fuentes
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul S. Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Betty S. Pace
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon L.R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C. Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wendy Post
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Dean’s Office, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah A. Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Barbara A. Konkle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rasika A. Mathias
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF, Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Internal Medicine–Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Health, American Samoa Government, Pago Pago, American Samoa, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Dean’s Office, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Clarke SL, Tcheandjieu C, Hilliard AT, Lee KM, Lynch J, Chang KM, Miller D, Knowles JW, O’Donnell C, Tsao P, Rader DJ, Wilson PW, Sun YV, Gaziano M, Assimes TL. Coronary Artery Disease Risk of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genetic Variants Independent of Clinically Observed Longitudinal Cholesterol Exposure. Circ Genom Precis Med 2022; 15:e003501. [PMID: 35143253 PMCID: PMC10593360 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) genetic variants confer risk for coronary artery disease independent of LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) when considering a single measurement. In real clinical settings, longitudinal LDL-C data are often available through the electronic health record. It is unknown whether genetic testing for FH variants provides additional risk-stratifying information once longitudinal LDL-C is considered. METHODS We used the extensive electronic health record data available through the Million Veteran Program to conduct a nested case-control study. The primary outcome was coronary artery disease, derived from electronic health record codes for acute myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization. Incidence density sampling was used to match case/control exposure windows, defined by the date of the first LDL-C measurement to the date of the first coronary artery disease code of the index case. Adjustments for the first, maximum, or mean LDL-C were analyzed. FH variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) were assessed by custom genotype array. RESULTS In a cohort of 23 091 predominantly prevalent cases at enrollment and 230 910 matched controls, FH variant carriers had an increased risk for coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.53 [95% CI, 1.24-1.89]). Adjusting for mean LDL-C led to the greatest attenuation of the risk estimate, but significant risk remained (odds ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.08-1.64]). The degree of attenuation was not affected by the number and the spread of LDL-C measures available. CONCLUSIONS The risk associated with carrying an FH variant cannot be fully captured by the LDL-C data available in the electronic health record, even when considering multiple LDL-C measurements spanning more than a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoa L. Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Austin T. Hilliard
- VA Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Informatics & Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Julie Lynch
- VA Informatics & Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Univ of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Dept of Medicine, Univ of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Donald Miller
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, MA
- Center for Population Health, Univ of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA
| | - Joshua W. Knowles
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Diabetes Research Center, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christopher O’Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Dept of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Phil Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Dept of Medicine, Univ of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter W. Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
- Dept of Medicine, Emory Univ School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Dept of Epidemiology, Emory Univ Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
- Dept of Epidemiology, Emory Univ Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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43
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Hu Y, Haessler JW, Manansala R, Wiggins KL, Moscati A, Beiser A, Heard-Costa NL, Sarnowski C, Raffield LM, Chung J, Marini S, Anderson CD, Rosand J, Xu H, Sun X, Kelly TN, Wong Q, Lange LA, Rotter JI, Correa A, Vasan RS, Seshadri S, Rich SS, Do R, Loos RJ, Longstreth WT, Bis JC, Psaty BM, Tirschwell DL, Assimes TL, Silver B, Liu S, Jackson R, Smoller S, Mitchell BD, Fornage M, Auer PL, Reiner AP, Kooperberg C. Whole-Genome Sequencing Association Analyses of Stroke and Its Subtypes in Ancestrally Diverse Populations From Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Project. Stroke 2022; 53:875-885. [PMID: 34727735 PMCID: PMC8885789 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Previous genome-wide association studies identified 51 loci associated with stroke (mostly ischemic) and its subtypes among predominantly European populations. Using whole-genome sequencing in ancestrally diverse populations from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program, we aimed to identify novel variants, especially low-frequency or ancestry-specific variants, associated with all stroke, ischemic stroke and its subtypes (large artery, cardioembolic, and small vessel), and hemorrhagic stroke and its subtypes (intracerebral and subarachnoid). METHODS Whole-genome sequencing data were available for 6833 stroke cases and 27 116 controls, including 22 315 European, 7877 Black, 2616 Hispanic/Latino, 850 Asian, 54 Native American, and 237 other ancestry participants. In TOPMed, we performed single variant association analysis examining 40 million common variants and aggregated association analysis focusing on rare variants. We also combined TOPMed European populations with over 28 000 additional European participants from the UK BioBank genome-wide array data through meta-analysis. RESULTS In the single variant association analysis in TOPMed, we identified one novel locus 13q33 for large artery at whole-genome-wide significance (P<5.00×10-9) and 4 novel loci at genome-wide significance (P<5.00×10-8), all of which need confirmation in independent studies. Lead variants in all 5 loci are low-frequency but are more common in non-European populations. An aggregation of synonymous rare variants within the gene C6orf26 demonstrated suggestive evidence of association for hemorrhagic stroke (P<3.11×10-6). By meta-analyzing European ancestry samples in TOPMed and UK BioBank, we replicated several previously reported stroke loci including PITX2, HDAC9, ZFHX3, and LRCH1. CONCLUSIONS We represent the first association analysis for stroke and its subtypes using whole-genome sequencing data from ancestrally diverse populations. While our findings suggest the potential benefits of combining whole-genome sequencing data with populations of diverse genetic backgrounds to identify possible low-frequency or ancestry-specific variants, they also highlight the need to increase genome coverage and sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeffrey W. Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Regina Manansala
- School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Arden Moscati
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sandro Marini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christopher D. Anderson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Huichun Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tanika N. Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Brian Silver
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sylvia Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Paul L. Auer
- School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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44
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Bellomo TR, Bone WP, Chen BY, Gawronski KAB, Zhang D, Park J, Levin M, Tsao N, Klarin D, Lynch J, Assimes TL, Gaziano JM, Wilson PW, Cho K, Vujkovic M, O'Donnell CJ, Chang KM, Tsao PS, Rader DJ, Ritchie MD, Damrauer SM, Voight BF. Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Study of Atherosclerosis Detects Novel Pleiotropic Loci. Front Genet 2022; 12:787545. [PMID: 35186008 PMCID: PMC8847690 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.787545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although affecting different arterial territories, the related atherosclerotic vascular diseases coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) share similar risk factors and have shared pathobiology. To identify novel pleiotropic loci associated with atherosclerosis, we performed a joint analysis of their shared genetic architecture, along with that of common risk factors. Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of nine known atherosclerotic (CAD, PAD) and atherosclerosis risk factors (body mass index, smoking initiation, type 2 diabetes, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), we perform 15 separate multi-trait genetic association scans which resulted in 25 novel pleiotropic loci not yet reported as genome-wide significant for their respective traits. Colocalization with single-tissue eQTLs identified candidate causal genes at 14 of the detected signals. Notably, the signal between PAD and LDL-C at the PCSK6 locus affects PCSK6 splicing in human liver tissue and induced pluripotent derived hepatocyte-like cells. These results show that joint analysis of related atherosclerotic disease traits and their risk factors allowed identification of unified biology that may offer the opportunity for therapeutic manipulation. The signal at PCSK6 represent possible shared causal biology where existing inhibitors may be able to be leveraged for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Bellomo
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William P Bone
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Y Chen
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - David Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Park
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Noah Tsao
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Julie Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,University of Massachusetts College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter W Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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He KY, Kelly TN, Wang H, Liang J, Zhu L, Cade BE, Assimes TL, Becker LC, Beitelshees AL, Bielak LF, Bress AP, Brody JA, Chang YPC, Chang YC, de Vries PS, Duggirala R, Fox ER, Franceschini N, Furniss AL, Gao Y, Guo X, Haessler J, Hung YJ, Hwang SJ, Irvin MR, Kalyani RR, Liu CT, Liu C, Martin LW, Montasser ME, Muntner PM, Mwasongwe S, Naseri T, Palmas W, Reupena MS, Rice KM, Sheu WHH, Shimbo D, Smith JA, Snively BM, Yanek LR, Zhao W, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Chen YDI, Correa A, Cupples LA, Curran JE, Fornage M, He J, Hou L, Kaplan RC, Kardia SLR, Kenny EE, Kooperberg C, Lloyd-Jones D, Loos RJF, Mathias RA, McGarvey ST, Mitchell BD, North KE, Peyser PA, Psaty BM, Raffield LM, Rao DC, Redline S, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Taylor KD, Tracy R, Vasan RS, Morrison AC, Levy D, Chakravarti A, Arnett DK, Zhu X. Rare coding variants in RCN3 are associated with blood pressure. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:148. [PMID: 35183128 PMCID: PMC8858539 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While large genome-wide association studies have identified nearly one thousand loci associated with variation in blood pressure, rare variant identification is still a challenge. In family-based cohorts, genome-wide linkage scans have been successful in identifying rare genetic variants for blood pressure. This study aims to identify low frequency and rare genetic variants within previously reported linkage regions on chromosomes 1 and 19 in African American families from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. Genetic association analyses weighted by linkage evidence were completed with whole genome sequencing data within and across TOPMed ancestral groups consisting of 60,388 individuals of European, African, East Asian, Hispanic, and Samoan ancestries. RESULTS Associations of low frequency and rare variants in RCN3 and multiple other genes were observed for blood pressure traits in TOPMed samples. The association of low frequency and rare coding variants in RCN3 was further replicated in UK Biobank samples (N = 403,522), and reached genome-wide significance for diastolic blood pressure (p = 2.01 × 10- 7). CONCLUSIONS Low frequency and rare variants in RCN3 contributes blood pressure variation. This study demonstrates that focusing association analyses in linkage regions greatly reduces multiple-testing burden and improves power to identify novel rare variants associated with blood pressure traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y He
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Luke Zhu
- Center for Human Genetics & Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amber L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam P Bress
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yen-Pei Christy Chang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna L Furniss
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Marguerite Ryan Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AB, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AB, USA
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | - Walter Palmas
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Beverly M Snively
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Professor of Pediatrics, UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Russell Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Human Genetics & Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Peloso GM, Tcheandjieu C, McGeary JE, Posner DC, Ho YL, Zhou JJ, Hilliard AT, Joseph J, O’Donnell CJ, Efird JT, Crawford DC, Wu WC, Arjomandi M, Sun YV, Assimes TL, Huffman JE. Genetic Loci Associated With COVID-19 Positivity and Hospitalization in White, Black, and Hispanic Veterans of the VA Million Veteran Program. Front Genet 2022; 12:777076. [PMID: 35222515 PMCID: PMC8864634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.777076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused symptomatic COVID-19 and widespread death across the globe. We sought to determine genetic variants contributing to COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization in a large biobank linked to a national United States health system. We identified 19,168 (3.7%) lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases among Million Veteran Program participants between March 1, 2020, and February 2, 2021, including 11,778 Whites, 4,893 Blacks, and 2,497 Hispanics. A multi-population genome-wide association study (GWAS) for COVID-19 outcomes identified four independent genetic variants (rs8176719, rs73062389, rs60870724, and rs73910904) contributing to COVID-19 positivity, including one novel locus found exclusively among Hispanics. We replicated eight of nine previously reported genetic associations at an alpha of 0.05 in at least one population-specific or the multi-population meta-analysis for one of the four MVP COVID-19 outcomes. We used rs8176719 and three additional variants to accurately infer ABO blood types. We found that A, AB, and B blood types were associated with testing positive for COVID-19 compared with O blood type with the highest risk for the A blood group. We did not observe any genome-wide significant associations for COVID-19 severity outcomes among those testing positive. Our study replicates prior GWAS findings associated with testing positive for COVID-19 among mostly White samples and extends findings at three loci to Black and Hispanic individuals. We also report a new locus among Hispanics requiring further investigation. These findings may aid in the identification of novel therapeutic agents to decrease the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 across all major ancestral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Peloso
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence VA Healthcare System, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daniel C. Posner
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jin J. Zhou
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Jacob Joseph
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Providence VA Healthcare System, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Yan V. Sun
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jennifer E. Huffman,
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Do WL, Nguyen S, Yao J, Guo X, Whitsel EA, Demerath E, Rotter JI, Rich SS, Lange L, Ding J, Van Den Berg D, Liu Y, Justice AE, Guan W, Horvath S, Assimes TL, Bhatti P, Jordahl K, Shadyab A, Valencia CI, Stein AD, Smith A, Staimez LR, Conneely K, Narayan KMV. Associations between DNA methylation and BMI vary by metabolic health status: a potential link to disparate cardiovascular outcomes. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:230. [PMID: 34937574 PMCID: PMC8697469 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI), a well-known risk factor for poor cardiovascular outcomes, is associated with differential DNA methylation (DNAm). Similarly, metabolic health has also been associated with changes in DNAm. It is unclear how overall metabolic health outside of BMI may modify the relationship between BMI and methylation profiles, and what consequences this may have on downstream cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites at which the association between BMI and DNAm could be modified by overall metabolic health. Results The discovery study population was derived from three Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) ancillary studies (n = 3977) and two Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) ancillary studies (n = 3520). Findings were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort (n = 1200). Generalized linear models regressed methylation β values on the interaction between BMI and metabolic health Z score (BMI × MHZ) adjusted for BMI, MHZ, cell composition, chip number and location, study characteristics, top three ancestry principal components, smoking, age, ethnicity (WHI), and sex (ARIC). Among the 429,566 sites examined, differential associations between BMI × MHZ and DNAm were identified at 22 CpG sites (FDR q < 0.05), with one site replicated in MESA (cg18989722, in the TRAPPC9 gene). Three of the 22 sites were associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in WHI. For each 0.01 unit increase in DNAm β value, the risk of incident CHD increased by 9% in one site and decreased by 6–10% in two sites over 25 years. Conclusions Differential associations between DNAm and BMI by MHZ were identified at 22 sites, one of which was validated (cg18989722) and three of which were predictive of incident CHD. These sites are located in several genes related to NF-kappa-B signaling, suggesting a potential role for inflammation between DNA methylation and BMI-associated metabolic health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01194-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Do
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Steve Nguyen
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Leslie Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, Colorado University Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Center for Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristina Jordahl
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aladdin Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Celina I Valencia
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa R Staimez
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lind L, Zanetti D, Ingelsson M, Gustafsson S, Ärnlöv J, Assimes TL. Large-Scale Plasma Protein Profiling of Incident Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Stroke, and Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023330. [PMID: 34845919 PMCID: PMC9075402 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background We recently reported a link between plasma levels of 2 of 84 cardiovascular disease (CVD)–related proteins and the 3 major CVDs, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and heart failure. The present study investigated whether measurement of almost 10 times the number of proteins could lead to discovery of additional risk markers for CVD. Methods and Results We measured 742 proteins using the proximity extension assay in 826 male participants of ULSAM (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men) who were free from CVD at the age of 70 years. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age only, as well as all traditional risk factors. During a 12.5‐year median follow‐up (maximal, 22.0 years), 283 incident CVDs occurred. Forty‐one proteins were significantly (false discovery rate <0.05) related to the combined end point of incident CVD, with N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide as the top finding, while 53 proteins were related to incident myocardial infarction. A total of 13 and 16 proteins were significantly related to incident ischemic stroke and heart failure, respectively. Growth differentiation factor 15, 4‐disulfide core domain protein 2, and kidney injury molecule were related to all of the 3 major CVD outcomes. A lasso selection of 11 proteins improved discrimination of incident CVD by 5.0% (P=0.0038). Conclusions Large‐scale proteomics seem useful for the discovery of new risk markers for CVD and to improve risk prediction in an elderly population of men. Further studies are needed to replicate the findings in independent samples of both men and women of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Sweden
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics Uppsala University Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden.,School of Health and Social Sciences Dalarna University Falun Sweden
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA.,Palo Alto VA Healthcare System Palo Alto CA
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Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KHH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Hwang MY, Han S, Narita A, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Verma A, Trivedi B, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Hui Q, Klarin D, Zhu X, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Ruotsalainen SE, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Feng Q, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Pacheco JA, Pendergrass SA, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Hindy G, Rasheed A, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Sidore C, Fiorillo E, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Thuesen BH, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Kember RL, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Leonard HL, Marten J, Schmidt B, Arendt M, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Ahmed M, Jackson AU, Yousri NA, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Chai X, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Hung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Gorski M, Brumat M, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Xue C, Zhang J, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, Lee J, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Zimmermann ME, Lee JY, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hildalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Schwander K, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Highland HM, Young KL, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Nadkarni GN, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, Bhatti KF, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Chen YE, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Jung B, Böger CA, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Mercader JM, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Lu F, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, 't Hart LM, Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Cucca F, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Justice AE, Baras A, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Rotimi CN, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Brown CD, Morris AP, Assimes TL, Deloukas P, Sun YV, Willer CJ. The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature 2021; 600:675-679. [PMID: 34887591 PMCID: PMC8730582 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased blood lipid levels are heritable risk factors of cardiovascular disease with varied prevalence worldwide owing to different dietary patterns and medication use1. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, in particular through reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels2, heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide3. Genome-wideassociation studies (GWAS) of blood lipid levels have led to important biological and clinical insights, as well as new drug targets, for cardiovascular disease. However, most previous GWAS4-23 have been conducted in European ancestry populations and may have missed genetic variants that contribute to lipid-level variation in other ancestry groups. These include differences in allele frequencies, effect sizes and linkage-disequilibrium patterns24. Here we conduct a multi-ancestry, genome-wide genetic discovery meta-analysis of lipid levels in approximately 1.65 million individuals, including 350,000 of non-European ancestries. We quantify the gain in studying non-European ancestries and provide evidence to support the expansion of recruitment of additional ancestries, even with relatively small sample sizes. We find that increasing diversity rather than studying additional individuals of European ancestry results in substantial improvements in fine-mapping functional variants and portability of polygenic prediction (evaluated in approximately 295,000 individuals from 7 ancestry groupings). Modest gains in the number of discovered loci and ancestry-specific variants were also achieved. As GWAS expand emphasis beyond the identification of genes and fundamental biology towards the use of genetic variants for preventive and precision medicine25, we anticipate that increased diversity of participants will lead to more accurate and equitable26 application of polygenic scores in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Group of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari,, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Meraj Ahmed
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA,, USA
| | | | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA,, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hildalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Josep M Mercader
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Bimédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Laddu DR, Qin F, Hedlin H, Stefanick ML, Manson JE, Zaslavsky O, Eaton C, Martin LW, Rohan T, Assimes TL. DXA Versus Clinical Measures of Adiposity as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2831-2842. [PMID: 34479738 PMCID: PMC8570974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) estimates of adiposity improve risk prediction for cardiometabolic diseases over traditional surrogates, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in older women. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed up to 9744 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years participating in the Women's Health Initiative who underwent a DXA scan and were free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline (October 1993 to December 1998) and followed through September 2015. Baseline BMI, WC, WHR, and DXA-derived percent total-body and trunk fat (%TrF) were incorporated into multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of incident diabetes, atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), heart failure, and death. Concordance probability estimates assessed the relative discriminatory value between pairs of adiposity measures. RESULTS A total of 1327 diabetes cases, 1266 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) cases, 292 heart failure cases, and 1811 deaths from any cause accrued during a median follow-up of up to 17.2 years. The largest hazard ratio observed per 1 standard deviation increase of an adiposity measure was for %TrF and diabetes (1.77; 95% CI, 1.66-1.88) followed by %TrF and broadly defined ASCVD (1.22; 95% CI, 1.15-1.30). These hazard ratios remained significant for both diabetes (1.47; 95% CI, 1.37-1.57) and ASCVD (1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31) even after adjusting for the best traditional surrogate measure of adiposity, WC. Percentage of trunk fat was also the only adiposity measure to demonstrate statistically significant improved concordance probability estimates over BMI, WC, and WHR for diabetes and ASCVD (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION DXA-derived estimates of abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women may allow for substantially improved risk prediction of diabetes over standard clinical risk models. Larger DXA studies with complete lipid biomarker profiles and clinical trials are needed before firm conclusions can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika R Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - FeiFei Qin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Oleg Zaslavsky
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI; Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Kent Hospital, Pawtucket, RI; Department of Family Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA
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