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Teng JM, Qin S, Lu D, Gu Y, Tang SJ, Yan Q, Yao J, Zhang C. Evaluation of CYP2C19 Genetic Variant and Its Lack of Association with Valproic Acid Plasma Concentrations Among Zhuang and Han Schizophrenia Patients in Guangxi. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:225-236. [PMID: 38765788 PMCID: PMC11102100 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s457805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the CYP2C19 genotype distribution and allelic frequency among the Zhuang and Han schizophrenic populations in Guangxi, examine the correlation between CYP2C19 genetic variants and standardized blood levels of Valproic Acid (VPA) in schizophrenic patients, and evaluate the effects of age, gender, and Body Mass Index (BMI) on standardized VPA blood concentrations. Patients and Methods Between February and December 2022, 192 Zhuang and Han schizophrenia patients treated with VPA were studied. Steady-state VPA concentrations were determined using homogeneous enzyme immunoassays, and CYP2C19 *1, *2, and *3 loci via q-PCR. CYP2C19 genotype distributions between Zhuang and Han groups in Nanning were compared using chi-square tests and contrasted with other ethnicities. Non-parametric tests analyzed VPA variations, identifying critical factors through multivariate stepwise regression. Results The study identified five CYP2C19 genotypes at the *2 and *3 loci, with the *3/*3 genotype absent in both cohorts. The CYP2C19 distribution in Guangxi Zhuang and Han mirrors, yet diverges significantly from Hui and Kazakh groups. Among 192 subjects, VPA blood levels remained consistent across metabolic types and ages 18-60 but varied significantly by gender. Multivariate analysis revealed gender and BMI as significant factors, overshadowing CYP2C19 genotype and age. Conclusion In Guangxi, CYP2C19 genetic variants in Zhuang and Han schizophrenia patients demonstrate statistically indistinguishable allelic and metabolic distributions. Gender and BMI can influence standardized VPA blood concentrations in schizophrenia patients. However, in our study cohort, the CYP2C19 genotype and age are not the primary determinants of standardized VPA blood levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mei Teng
- Laboratory Department, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuiqing Qin
- Department of Science and Education, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danyu Lu
- Laboratory Department, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yefa Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Jie Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yan
- Laboratory Department, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yao
- Laboratory Department, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory Department, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
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Alonso Llorente A, Salgado Garrido J, Teijido Hermida Ó, González Andrade F, Valiente Martín A, Fanlo Villacampa AJ, Vicente Romero J. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 in ecuadorian population: An interethnic approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28566. [PMID: 38586400 PMCID: PMC10998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction CYP2C19 is a highly polymorphic gene responsible for metabolizing commonly used drugs. CYP2C19*2,*3 (loss of activity alleles) and *17 (increased activity allele) are the principal alleles included in clinical guidelines, however their prevalence varies among different ethnicities. Ecuadorian population is formed by Mestizos, Afrodescendants and Native Americans and frequency of CYP2C19 alleles could be different among them. The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of these variants in the different populations of Ecuador and to compare them with other populations. Materials and methods DNA from 105 Afrodescendants, 75 Native Americans of the Kichwa ethnicity, and 33 Mestizos Ecuadorians was analyzed by nested-PCR to identify CYP2C19*17 carriers. CYP2C19*2 allele was analyzed in DNA from 78 Afrodescendants, 29 Native Americans of the Kichwa, and 16 Mestizos by TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay. CYP2C19*3 was analyzed in 33 Afrodescendants by nested-PCR. Results The global frequencies of the alternate alleles were 14.22% (CYP2C19*2) and 2.10% (CYP2C19*17). No differences (p > 0.05) were observed among the subgroups. No CYP2C19*3 carrier was identified. CYP2C19*2 frequencies in Ecuador were similar to the ones reported in Europe, Africa and Middle East countries and to some American populations. Low CYP2C19*17 frequencies, like the ones in our population, were also observed in East and South Asia and in Native American groups. Discussion Absence of differences in the ethnic groups in Ecuador for CYP2C19*2 and *17 could be due to either a bias in sample selection (ethnic group was assed by self-identification) or to a high interethnic admixture in the Ecuadorian population that would had diluted genetic differences. In addition, CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17 alleles frequencies in our study suggest that Ecuadorians ancestry is mostly of Native American origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alonso Llorente
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
- IRBLleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida Fundació Dr. Pifarre, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josefa Salgado Garrido
- Medical Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Óscar Teijido Hermida
- Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Julia Fanlo Villacampa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Jorge Vicente Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
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Byeon JY, Cho CK, Kang P, Kim SH, Jang CG, Lee SY, Lee YJ. Effects of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on the pharmacokinetics of tolperisone. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:713-721. [PMID: 37728834 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Tolperisone, a muscle relaxant used for post-stroke spasticity, is metabolized to its main metabolite by CYP2D6 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C19 and CYP1A2. We investigated the effects of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on tolperisone pharmacokinetics. A 150 mg oral dose of tolperisone was given to 184 healthy Korean subjects and plasma concentrations of tolperisone were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A 3.14-fold significant increase in AUC0-∞ was observed in the CYP2D6*10/*10 group compared with the CYP2D6*wt/*wt group, whereas a 3.59-fold increase in AUC0-∞ was observed in CYP2C19PMs compared to CYP2C19EMs. Smokers had a 38.5% decrease in AUC0-∞ when compared to non-smokers. When these effects were combined, CYP2D6*10/*10-CYP2C19PM-Non-smokers had a 25.9-fold increase in AUC0-∞ compared to CYP2D6*wt/*wt-CYP2C19EM-Smokers. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 and cigarette smoking independently and significantly affected tolperisone pharmacokinetics and these effects combined resulted in a much greater impact on tolperisone pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Byeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureum Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou L, Li M, Li H, Guo Z, Gao Y, Zhang H, Qin F, Sang Z, Xing Q, Cheng L, Cao W. Establishment of a mathematical prediction model for voriconazole stable maintenance dose: a prospective study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1157944. [PMID: 37565064 PMCID: PMC10410275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1157944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI), the steady-state serum trough concentration (C min) of voriconazole (VCZ) is highly variable and can lead to treatment failure (C min < 0.5 mg/L) and toxicity (C min ≥ 5.0 mg/L). However, It remains challenging to determine the ideal maintenance dose to achieve the desired C min level quickly. Aims This randomized, prospective observational single-center study aimed to identify factors affecting VCZ-C min and maintenance dose and create an algorithmic model to predict the necessary maintenance dose. MeThe study enrolled 306 adult IFI patients, split into two groups: non-gene-directed (A) (where CYP2C19 phenotype is not involved in determining VCZ dose) and gene-directed (B) (where CYP2C19 phenotype is involved in determining VCZ dose). Results Results indicated that CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms might significantly impact VCZ loading and maintenance dose selection. CYP2C19 phenotype, C-reaction protein (CRP), and average daily dose/body weight were significant influencers on VCZ-C min, while CYP2C19 phenotype, CRP, and body weight significantly impacted VCZ maintenance dose. A feasible predictive formula for VCZ stable maintenance dose was derived from the regression equation as a maintenance dose (mg) =282.774-0.735×age (year)+2.946×body weight(Kg)-19.402×CYP2C19 phenotype (UM/RM/NM:0, IM:1, PM:2)-0.316×CRP (mg/L) (p < 0.001). Discussion DiThis formula may serve as a valuable supplement to the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC®) guideline for CYP2C19 and VCZ therapy, especially for IFI patients with highly variable inflammatory cytokines during VCZ therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Min Li
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihong Li
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanqiu Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fuli Qin
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihui Sang
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Cheng
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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5
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Yang Z, Xie Y, Zhang D, Zou Y, Li X, Chen R, Zhang X, Chen S, Bai F. CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in Ningxia. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:705-714. [PMID: 36913175 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor metabolizer (PM) status of CYP2C19 can be a predisposing factor for developing gastric cancer in H. pylori-infected patients. It is unclear whether PM status of CYP2C19 can also be a potential factor for H.pylori infection in healthy people. METHODS We used high-throughput sequencing to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at just three loci, rs4244285 (CYP2C19*2), rs4986893 (CYP2C19*3) and rs12248560 (CYP2C19*17), to identify the exact CYP2C19 alleles corresponding to the mutated sites. We determined CYP2C19 genotypes of 1050 subjects from 5 cities of Ningxia from September 2019 to September 2020 and evaluated the potential correlation between H.pylori and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms. Clinical data were analyzed using χ2 tests. RESULTS The frequency of CYP2C19*17 in Hui (3.7%) was higher as compared to Han (1.4%) in Ningxia (p = 0.001). The frequency of CYP2C19*1/*17 of Hui (4.7%) was higher as compared to Han (1.6%) in Ningxia (p = 0.004). The frequency of CYP2C19*3/*17 of Hui (1%) was higher as compared to Han (0%) in Ningxia (p = 0.023). The frequencies of alleles (p = 0.142) and genotypes (p = 0.928) were not found to be significantly different among the different BMI groups. The frequencies of four alleles between H. pylori positive and negative groups were not found to be statistically different (p = 0.794). The frequencies of the different genotypes between H. pylori positive and negative groups were not statistically different (p = 0.974), and no statistical difference was observed between the different metabolic phenotypes (p = 0.494). CONCLUSION There were regional differences observed in CYP2C19*17 distribution in Ningxia. The frequency of CYP2C19*17 in Hui was higher than in Han of Ningxia. No significant relationship was found between CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yunqian Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hai Nan Medical University, Yuhai Avenue, #368, Longhua District, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Daya Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Zou
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ximei Li
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Runxiang Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shiju Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Feihu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hai Nan Medical University, Yuhai Avenue, #368, Longhua District, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
- The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Haikou, China.
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6
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Yuan XW, Yuan SY, Wu GX, Wu ZX, Guan ZY. Genetic polymorphism of clopidogrel metabolism related gene CYP2C19 gene in Chinese from Foshan area of Guangdong Province. Hematology 2022; 27:1056-1061. [DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-wen Yuan
- Department of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-yun Yuan
- Department of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-xin Wu
- Department of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - zhi-xin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-yun Guan
- Department of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
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Cao N, Li S, Xu A, Li M, Zou X, Ke Z, Deng G, Cheng X, Wang C. Dynamic Changes of Endogenic or Exogenic β-Carboline Alkaloid Harmine in Different Mammals and Human in vivo at Developmental and Physiological States. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:773638. [PMID: 35095466 PMCID: PMC8794950 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.773638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several β-carboline alkaloids (βCBs), such as harmine, harmaline, harmane, and nor-harmane, are effective for Alzheimer's disease mouse models. They can be found in some plants, common foodstuffs, and blank plasma of various mammals. However, whether these compounds in mammals are exogenous or endogenous remain unclear. METHODS The exposure levels of βCBs and of neurotransmitters in plasma and tissues of pup rats, aging rats, mice of different physiological states, and healthy volunteers were detected by using UPLC-MS/MS. Plasma and tissue samples from 110 newborn rats up to 29 days old at 11 sampling points were collected and were analyzed to determine the concentration variation of βCBs in the developmental phase of newborn rats. The plasma of rats aged 2 to 18 months was used to detect the variation trend of βCBs and with some neurotransmitters. The plasma samples of normal C57BL/6 mice, APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, and scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice were collected and were analyzed to compare the difference of βCBs in different physiological states. The exposure levels of βCBs such as harmine, harmaline, and harmane in plasma of 550 healthy volunteers were also detected and analyzed on the basis of gender, race, and age. RESULTS Results showed that harmine was the main compound found in rats, mice, and human, which can be detected in a newborn rat plasma (0.16 ± 0.03 ng/ml) and brain (0.33 ± 0.14 ng/g) without any exogenous consumption. The concentration of harmine in rat plasma showed a decreasing trend similar to the exposure levels of neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine chloride, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and phenylalanine during the growth period of 18 months. The harmine exposure in rats and human indicates high dependence on the physiological and pathological status such as aging, gender, and race. CONCLUSION The dynamic changes of harmine exposure in different animals and human, in vivo, at developmental and physiological states indicate that harmine is a naturally and widely distributed endogenous substance in different mammals and human. In addition to exogenous ingestion, spontaneous synthesis might be another important source of harmine in mammals, which should be verified by further experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chinese Compound Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuping Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chinese Compound Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Kashi Prefecture First People’s Hospital, Kashi, China
| | - Manlin Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chinese Compound Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zou
- Kashi Prefecture First People’s Hospital, Kashi, China
| | - Zunji Ke
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Deng
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chinese Compound Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chinese Compound Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chinese Compound Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang T, Li Q, Dong B, Liang X, Jia M, Bai J, Yu J, Fu S. Genetic Polymorphism of Drug Metabolic Gene CYPs, VKORC1, NAT2, DPYD and CHST3 of Five Ethnic Minorities in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1537-1547. [PMID: 34876832 PMCID: PMC8643223 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s339854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic variability in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes may contribute to the heterogeneity of drug responses in different populations. Extensive research in pharmacogenomics in major populations around the world provides us with a great deal of information about drug-related genetic polymorphisms. Objective The purpose of this study was to detect the genetic variation of drug-metabolism-related genes in the five ethnic minorities Daur, Hezhen, Ewenki, Mongolian and Manchu in China, and to analyze the distribution differences among ethnic groups. Methods We genotyped 32 SNPs of drug metabolism genes in 882 healthy Chinese volunteers from five ethnic groups. The genotype frequency and allele frequency of the five ethnic groups were calculated, and the different variants among the five ethnic groups were compared by chi-square test. Genetic parameters were analyzed using Popgene software. The genetic structure of five ethnic minorities was analyzed by principal component analysis, and compared with 26 populations. Results We found that SNPs of genes related to drug metabolism existed diversity in different populations. Among them, rs8192766 and rs9419082 in CYP2E1 showed statistical differences between Daur and Manchu, and NAT2 rs1801280 showed statistical differences between Hezhen and Mongolian. In addition, the five populations we studied had the smallest differences with EAS populations. There was haplotype diversity in CHST3, VKORC1, CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 genes in the five ethnic minorities, and these haplotype polymorphisms were related to the use of corresponding drug doses. Cluster analysis shows that the five ethnic minorities in Heilongjiang Province are clustered together with the EAS populations. Conclusion These results suggest that understanding the diversity of drug-related genetic markers is critical for individualized drug gene therapy programs in ethnic minorities in China as well as in populations highly mixed with these ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Editorial Department of International Journal of Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bonan Dong
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mansha Jia
- Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Impact of CYP2C19 Phenotype and Drug-Drug Interactions on Voriconazole Concentration in Pediatric Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0020721. [PMID: 34152823 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00207-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole (VRC), a first-line agent for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, is mainly metabolized by human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19. In this study, a retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the key factors that influence the plasma trough concentration (Cmin) of VRC, and an appropriate dosing regimen for pediatric patients was drafted subsequently. Overall, factors such as age, CYP2C19 phenotype, and combination medication with proton pump inhibitors accounted for 23.4% of variability in dose-normalized Cmin values of VRC by a multiple linear regression analysis. Dose-normalized Cmin values in the poor metabolizers (PMs) and intermediate metabolizers (IMs) were significantly higher than those in extensive metabolizers (EMs) (P < 0.001). To achieve therapeutic Cmin for CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs) or EMs, patients aged no more than 12 and more than 12 years required doses of 6.53 ± 2.08 and 3.95 ± 0.85 mg/kg of body weight twice daily (P = 0.007). For CYP2C19 PMs or IMs, patients aged under 12 and over 12 years required doses of 5.75 ± 1.73 and 4.23 ± 0.76 mg/kg twice daily, respectively (P = 0.019). Furthermore, coadministration of rifamycin sodium or omeprazole exhibited significant effects on VRC Cmin. Taken together, it is necessary to pay attention to the impact of CYP2C19 phenotype and drug-drug interactions to achieve optimal therapy.
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Qian JC, Cai JP, Hu GX. Han Chinese specific cytochrome P450 polymorphisms and their impact on the metabolism of anti-hypertensive drugs with adrenoreceptor blocking properties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:707-716. [PMID: 33910442 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1921147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a monooxygenase superfamily mediating the elimination of anti-hypertensive drugs. Polymorphisms of CYP would lead to differential drug efficacy. Building relationships between genotype and phenotype will benefit individual medical treatment of hypertension.Areas covered: The review systematically summarizes the polymorphisms of four CYPs (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) concentrated distributed in the Han Chinese population. Moreover, the activity of variants on metabolizing anti-hypertensive drugs are reviewed, especially drugs with adrenoceptor blocking properties, as well as their clinical relevancies.Expert opinion: The polymorphisms of CYP can cause stratification in drug exposure of antihypertensive drugs. Although the clinical relevance has been built partially, the translational medicine still lacks reliable data support. Furthermore, the studies have demonstrated that even the same CYP variant will exhibit different catalytic capability for different drugs, which is another obstacle to hinder its application. With the deepening of multiomics research and structural biology, nucleotide polymorphisms can be combined with transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and molecular structure analyses to study the susceptibility to hypertension and drug efficacy. A complete data chain would be further estabolished by combining studies of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, which can effectively promote the precise application of anti-hypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Dorji PW, Tshering G, Na‐Bangchang K. CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms in South‐East and East Asian populations: A systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:508-524. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palden Wangyel Dorji
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Gyem Tshering
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Kesara Na‐Bangchang
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
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Effects of Plasma Albumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Esomeprazole in ICU Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2018:6374374. [PMID: 30643812 PMCID: PMC6311297 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6374374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of plasma albumin on pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in ICU patients. Methods This study was performed in 32 consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) patients. They were divided into two groups according to the plasma albumin levels. Nineteen patients with low plasma albumin levels (<30 g/L; male/female, 12/7) were assigned to low plasma albumin group (LPAG). Thirteen patients with plasma albumin levels >30 g/L (male/female, 9/4) were assigned to high plasma albumin group (HPAG). All patients were received intravenous (IV) of 40 mg esomeprazole in 5 min. Blood samples were collected via basilic vein at different time points and concentrations of esomeprazole were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Results MRT(0-∞), t1/2, V, CL, and Cmax between two groups were significantly difference (P<0.05). Compared with HPAG, MRT(0-∞), t1/2, and V of esomeprazole in LPAG were increased by 1.42-fold, 1.49-fold, and 1.24-fold, respectively; the maximum drug concentration of esomeprazole in LPAG was decreased to 82.5%. AUC(0-∞) of LPAG was 1.23 times than that of group B. CL in LPAG was 80% of HPAG. There was no statistical difference between the two groups of AUC(0-∞) and CL. Conclusions Some pharmacokinetic parameters of esomeprazole may be changed in ICU patients with low plasma albumin.
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Impact of CYP2C19 Genotype and Liver Function on Voriconazole Pharmacokinetics in Renal Transplant Recipients. Ther Drug Monit 2018; 39:422-428. [PMID: 28604474 PMCID: PMC5538305 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is one of the leading causes of early death after renal transplantation. Voriconazole (VRC) is the first-line drug of IFI. Because of the large inter- and intraindividual variability in VRC plasma concentrations and the narrow therapeutic window for treating patients with IFIs, it is crucial to study the factors which could influence pharmacokinetic variability. We performed a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) study of VRC for personalized medicine. METHODS A total of 125 trough concentrations (Cmin) from 56 patients were evaluated, retrospectively. Nonlinear mixed effect model was used to describe a PPK model that was internally validated by bootstrap method. Potential covariates included demographic characteristics, physiological and pathological data, concomitant medications, and CYP2C19 genotype. RESULTS A 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination was fit to characterize the VRC pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) had a significant influence on clearance (CL) while CYP2C19 genotype had a major impact on the volume of distribution (V). The parameters of CL and V were 4.76 L/h and 22.47 L, respectively. The final model was V (L) = 22.47 × [1 + 2.21 × (EM = 1)] × [1 + 4.67 × (IM = 1)] × [1 + 3.30 × (PM = 1)] × exp (0.96); CL (L/h) = 4.76 × (AST/33)^(-0.23) × exp (0.14). VRC Cmin in intermediate metabolizers was significantly higher than in extensive metabolizers. CONCLUSIONS Liver function and CYP2C19 polymorphism are major determinants of VRC pharmacokinetic variability in RTRs. Genotypes and clinical biomarkers can determine the initial scheme. Subsequently, therapeutic drug monitoring can optimize clinical efficacy and minimize toxicity. Hence, this is a feasible way to facilitate personalized medicine in RTRs. In addition, it is the first report about PPK of VRC in RTRs.
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Ju S, Gao Y, Cao X, Zhang XF, Yan CC, Liu FT. Association Between the Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis, the Warfarin Maintenance Dose, and CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Case-Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:539-546. [PMID: 28872889 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between the CYP2C9*3/CYP2D6*10/CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) and the warfarin maintenance dose. METHODS Five hundred thirty-six patients who were pathologically diagnosed with LEDVT after surgery were included in the LEDVT group. At the same time, 540 patients without LEDVT who underwent surgery were recruited as the control group. Patients were given warfarin at an initial dose of 2.5-3.0 mg. Blood samples were collected to detect the initial and stable international normalized ratio (INR) values. The warfarin maintenance dose was obtained if the INR remained within a range of 2.0-3.0 for 3 consecutive days. The genotype distribution and haplotype analysis of the CYP2C9*3/CYP2D6*10/CYP3A5*3 alleles were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) testing and SHEsis software, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk and protective factors for LEDVT. RESULTS The A/G genotypes, G/G genotypes, and G allele of CYP3A5*3 in the LEDVT group were observed with increased frequency compared with the control group. The LEDVT group displayed a higher ACG haplotype frequency, and lower ACA and ATA haplotype frequencies than the control group. Age, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein, CYP3A5*3 and the ACG haplotype were independent risk factors for LEDVT. High-density lipoprotein and the ACA haplotype were independent protective factors for LEDVT. The genotype distributions of the CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms were associated with the warfarin maintenance dose. CONCLUSION The CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism may be an important risk factor for LEDVT. Moreover, CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3 are associated with the warfarin maintenance dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Ju
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yan
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Tong Liu
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
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Shen Y, Luo Z, Yu Q, Wang Y, Xiang J, Miao J. Pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan phosphate tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:709-715. [PMID: 28243685 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of the antitussive dimemorfan phosphate tablets in healthy male and female Chinese volunteers after single and multiple-dose administration; and to evaluate the food-effect on pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan. METHODS 12 subjects received a single dose of 10 mg and 40 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets, respectively in study stage 1. Another 12 subjects received a single dose of 20 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets under fed conditions, a single dose of 20 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets under fasting conditions and multiple-dosing of 20 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets 3 times per day, respectively in study stage 2. The washout between each treatment was 1 week. Plasma dimemorfan was quantified by a high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. RESULTS After single-dosing of 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets, Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were dose proportional, which achievd 6.19 ± 7.61 ng·mL-1, 101 ± 171 and 117 ± 210 ng·mL-1·h, respectively after single-dosing of 40 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets. Tmax ranged from 2.75 to 3.96 h and t1/2 ranged from 10.6 to 11.4 h. After multiple-dosing of 20 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets, the Accumulation Index (AI) was 2.65 ± 1.11. The pharmacokinetic parameters after single-dosing of 20 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets under fed conditions were similar with those under fasting conditions. Sex did not affect the pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan phosphate tablets. CONCLUSIONS Single-dosing of dimemorfan phosphate tablets exhibited linear kinetic characteristics. Multiple-dosing of 20 mg dimemorfan phosphate tablets 3 times per day caused obvious accumulation. No food effect or sex effect on the pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan phosphate tablets was observed. Chictr.org identifier: ChiCTR-ONC-14004851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Shen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Luo
- GCP Center / Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Yu
- GCP Center / Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- GCP Center / Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xiang
- GCP Center / Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Miao
- GCP Center / Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Saldaña-Cruz AM, León-Moreno LC, Sánchez-Corona J, Santiago DAMD, Mendoza-Carrera F, Castro-Martínez XH, García-Zapién AG, Morán-Moguel MC, Flores-Martínez SE. CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 Allele and Haplotype Distributions in Four Mestizo Populations from Western Mexico: An Interethnic Comparative Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:702-709. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miriam Saldaña-Cruz
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Lilia Carolina León-Moreno
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Sánchez-Corona
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | | | - Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Xochitl Helga Castro-Martínez
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alejandra Guadalupe García-Zapién
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - María Cristina Morán-Moguel
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Silvia Esperanza Flores-Martínez
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
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Qiu F, Liu S, Miao P, Zeng J, Zhu L, Zhao T, Ye Y, Jiang J. Effects of the Chinese herbal formula “Zuojin Pill” on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan in healthy Chinese volunteers with CYP2D6*10 genotype. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:689-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jin T, Zhang M, Yang H, Geng T, Zhang N, Feng T, Ma Y, Yuan D, Kang L. Genetic polymorphisms of the drug-metabolizing enzymeCYP2C19in the Uyghur population in northwest China. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:634-640. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Interethnic variation of CYP2C19 alleles, 'predicted' phenotypes and 'measured' metabolic phenotypes across world populations. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:113-23. [PMID: 26503820 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the worldwide frequency distribution of CYP2C19 alleles and CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes ('predicted' from genotypes and 'measured' with a probe drug) among healthy volunteers from different ethnic groups and geographic regions, as well as the relationship between the 'predicted' and 'measured' CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes. A total of 52 181 healthy volunteers were studied within 138 selected original research papers. CYP2C19*17 was 42- and 24-fold more frequent in Mediterranean-South Europeans and Middle Easterns than in East Asians (P<0.001, in both cases). Contrarily, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles were more frequent in East Asians (30.26% and 6.89%, respectively), and even a twofold higher frequency of these alleles was found in Native populations from Oceania (61.30% and 14.42%, respectively; P<0.001, in all cases), which may be a consequence of genetic drift process in the Pacific Islands. Regarding CYP2C19 metabolic phenotype, poor metabolizers (PMs) were more frequent among Asians than in Europeans, contrarily to the phenomenon reported for CYP2D6. A correlation has been found between the frequencies of CYP2C19 poor metabolism 'predicted' from CYP2C19 genotypes (gPMs) and the poor metabolic phenotype 'measured' with a probe drug (mPMs) when subjects are either classified by ethnicity (r=0.94, P<0.001) or geographic region (r=0.99, P=0.002). Nevertheless, further research is needed in African and Asian populations, which are under-represented, and additional CYP2C19 variants and the 'measured' phenotype should be studied.
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Tsai D, Jamal JA, Davis JS, Lipman J, Roberts JA. Interethnic differences in pharmacokinetics of antibacterials. Clin Pharmacokinet 2015; 54:243-60. [PMID: 25385446 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal antibacterial dosing is imperative for maximising clinical outcome. Many factors can contribute to changes in the pharmacokinetics of antibacterials to the extent where dose adjustment may be needed. In acute illness, substantial changes in important pharmacokinetic parameters such as volume of distribution and clearance can occur for certain antibacterials. The possibility of interethnic pharmacokinetic differences can further complicate attempts to design an appropriate dosing regimen. Factors of ethnicity, such as genetics, body size and fat distribution, contribute to differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs. Despite extensive previous work on the altered pharmacokinetics of antibacterials in some patient groups such as the critically ill, knowledge of interethnic pharmacokinetic differences for antibacterials is limited. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to describe any pharmacokinetic differences in antibacterials between different ethnic groups, and discuss their probable mechanisms as well as any clinical implications. METHODS We performed a structured literature review to identify and describe available data of the interethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of antibacterials. RESULTS We found 50 articles that met our inclusion criteria and only six of these compared antibacterial pharmacokinetics between different ethnicities within the same study. Overall, there was limited evidence available. We found that interethnic pharmacokinetic differences are negligible for carbapenems, most β-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, most fluoroquinolones, linezolid and daptomycin, whereas significant difference is likely for ciprofloxacin, macrolides, clindamycin, tinidazole and some cephalosporins. In general, subjects of Asian ethnicity achieve drug exposures up to two to threefold greater than Caucasian counterparts for these antibacterials. This difference is caused by a comparatively lower volume of distribution and/or drug clearance. CONCLUSION Interethnic pharmacokinetic differences of antibacterials are likely; however, the clinical relevance of these differences is unknown and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Tsai
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
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Cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype affects the pharmacokinetics of controlled-release paroxetine in healthy Chinese subjects: comparison of traditional phenotype and activity score systems. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:835-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang T, Zhu H, Sun J, Cheng X, Xie J, Dong H, Chen L, Wang X, Xing J, Dong Y. Efficacy and safety of voriconazole and CYP2C19 polymorphism for optimised dosage regimens in patients with invasive fungal infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:436-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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LLerena A, Naranjo MEG, Rodrigues-Soares F, Penas-LLedó EM, Fariñas H, Tarazona-Santos E. Interethnic variability ofCYP2D6alleles and of predicted and measured metabolic phenotypes across world populations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1569-83. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.964204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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The impact of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of codeine and its metabolites in Mongolian Chinese subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 70:57-63. [PMID: 24077935 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-013-1573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Codeine is an analgesic drug acting on μ-opioid receptors predominantly via its metabolite morphine formed almost exclusively by CYP2D6. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2D6 are associated with diminished pain relief and/or severe opioid side effects. In Chinese individuals, CYP2D6*10 is the most common allele with reduced enzyme activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of this allele on the pharmacokinetics of codeine and its metabolites. METHOD A blood sample was collected from healthy Mongolian volunteers for CYP2D6 genotyping using a PCR-RFLP assay. A pharmacokinetic study was then carried out in three groups with CYP2D6*1/*1 (n=10), CYP2D6*1/*10 (n=10) and CYP2D6*10/*10 (n=9) genotypes by collecting serial blood samples for determination of plasma levels of codeine and its metabolites, morphine, morphine 3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G) before and after a single 30-mg oral dose of codeine phosphate. Codeine and its metabolites were measured by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of codeine in the three genotype groups. However, the C( max) and AUC(0-∞) of morphine, M3G and M6G were significantly different between the study groups (P<0.05). Compared with the *1/*1 group, the AUC(0-∞) for morphine in the *1/*10 and *10/*10 groups decreased by ratios (95 % CI) of 0.93 (0.26-1.59) and 0.494 (0.135-0.853) respectively. Corresponding ratios for M3G were 0.791 (0.294-1.288) and 0.615 (0.412-0.818) and for M6G were 0.643 (0.39-0.957) and 0.423 (0.267-0.579). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the CYP2D6*10 allele plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics of the O-demethylated metabolites of codeine after oral administration.
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Li GF, Yu G, Liu HX, Zheng QS. Ethnic-specific in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and physiologically based pharmacokinetic approaches to predict cytochrome P450-mediated pharmacokinetics in the Chinese population: opportunities and challenges. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014; 53:197-202. [PMID: 24255013 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fu Li
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Cytochrome P450 2D6*10 genotype affects the pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan in healthy Chinese subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:427-33. [PMID: 25159483 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 2D6*10 (100C > T, rs1065852) genotype on the pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan in healthy Chinese subjects. Data were evaluated from 24 subjects in two pharmacokinetic studies who received an oral dose of 40 mg of dimemorfan syrup (n = 12) or dimemorfan tablet (n = 12) after providing written informed consent and being divided into three groups: subjects with CYP2D6*10 CC (n = 5), CYP2D6*10 CT (n = 11) and CYP2D6*10 TT (n = 8). CC homozygotes and CT heterozygotes were defined to be C allele carriers. The CYP2D6*10 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Dimemorfan was measured by LC-MS/MS. There was significant difference in C max, AUC0-t , AUC0-inf, V z , and CL values of dimemorfan observed among the three CYP2D6*10 genotype groups (GLM, (a) P < 0.05, co-dominant model). CYP2D6*10 under the recessive model (CC + TC vs TT) was significantly associated with pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan ((c) P < 0.05). The C max values were significantly higher in subjects with CYP2D6*10 TT (8.06 ± 4.43 ng/mL) than CYP2D6*10 CC (3.41 ± 2.79 ng/mL), CYP2D6*10 CT (3.11 ± 2.47 ng/mL), so was AUC0-inf. V z /F and CL/F of subjects with CYP2D6*10 TT homozygotes were the lowest. We demonstrated that cytochrome P450 2D6*10 (100C > T, rs1065852) polymorphism can affect the pharmacokinetics of dimemorfan in humans, not dosage forms.
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Dandara C, Swart M, Mpeta B, Wonkam A, Masimirembwa C. Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics in African populations: implications for public health. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:769-85. [PMID: 24588448 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.894020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Africa harbors a disproportionate burden of disease when taking into account the triple challenge caused by HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, against a backdrop of an increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases. More than 80% of therapeutic drugs used in the management of these diseases/conditions are metabolized by CYP enzymes that exhibit genetic polymorphisms. AREAS COVERED There is variability in the expression and activities of CYPs resulting in interindividual differences in the response to standard doses of therapeutic drugs, due to genetic polymorphisms, which exhibit both quantitative and qualitative differences between racial and between ethnic groups. The review aims to evaluate the implications of the genetic variation in CYPs on the public health of Africans. The CYPs reviewed here metabolize most of the commonly used therapeutic drugs and include CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4 and 3A5. Allele frequencies are compared between African ethnic groups and among populations of African, Asian and European origin. Data are obtained from our own studies and literature. EXPERT OPINION The variability in the pattern of genetic variation between populations translates into differences in drug response. Understanding CYP variability improves rational drug use and has public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collet Dandara
- University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pharmacogenetics and Cancer Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences , Anzio Road Observatory, 7925, Cape Town , South Africa +27 21 406 6506 ;
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Manini AF, Stimmel B, Vlahov D. Racial susceptibility for QT prolongation in acute drug overdoses. J Electrocardiol 2014; 47:244-50. [PMID: 24438862 PMCID: PMC3951924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE QT prolongation independently predicts adverse cardiovascular events in suspected poisoning. We aimed to evaluate the association between race and drug-induced QT prolongation for patients with acute overdose. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study at two urban teaching hospitals. Consecutive adult ED patients with acute drug overdose were prospectively enrolled over a two year period. The primary outcome, long-QT, was defined using standard criteria: QTc>470 ms in females and>460 ms in males. The association between race and drug-induced QT prolongation was tested, considering several confounding variables. RESULTS In 472 patients analyzed (46% female, mean age 42.3), QT prolongation occurred in 12.7%. Blacks had two-fold increased odds of drug-induced QT prolongation (OR 2.01, CI 1.03-3.91) and Hispanics had 48% decreased odds of drug-induced QT prolongation (OR 0.52, CI 0.29-0.94). CONCLUSIONS We found significant racial susceptibility to drug-induced QT prolongation in this large urban study of acute overdoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex F Manini
- Division of Medical Toxicology, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Barry Stimmel
- Cardiology Division, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Vlahov
- School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, CA
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Qian JC, Xu XM, Hu GX, Dai DP, Xu RA, Hu LM, Li FH, Zhang XH, Yang JF, Cai JP. Genetic variations of human CYP2D6 in the Chinese Han population. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1731-43. [PMID: 24192122 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 gene and to elucidate the allele distribution pattern in the Chinese Han population. Materials & methods: We used PCR and bidirectional sequencing methods to analyze all nine exons of the CYP2D6 gene in 2129 unrelated, healthy Chinese Han subjects from two geographical locations in China: the northern and southern regions. Results: In total, 165 mutated sites were detected in 2129 participants, of which 67 sites were reported for the first time. Among these novel mutation sites, 22 were nonsynonymous and 12 were named as novel alleles (*87–*93, *94A, *94B and *95–*98) by the Human CYP Allele Nomenclature Committee. In addition, 29 previously reported alleles and 84 genotypes were also detected in 1954 volunteers. Functional prediction of novel variants revealed that eight variants might have a deleterious effect on CYP2D6. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and tagSNP selection were performed separately. By using these methods, distinct differences were found between the two regions. Conclusion: This study provides the most comprehensive data concerning CYP2D6 polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population to date and increases the number of known alleles; these findings may greatly contribute to the development of personalized medicine for the Chinese Han population. Original submitted 1 January 2013; Revision submitted 14 August 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chang Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China and Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Xin-Min Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China and Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Hu
- Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Fang-Hong Li
- Center of Healthcare, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Xiu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Jie-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China
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Lu X, Li X, Zhao Y, Zheng Z, Guan S, Chan P. Contemporary epidemiology of gout and hyperuricemia in community elderly in Beijing. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 17:400-7. [PMID: 24118986 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Rheumatology; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Department of Geriatrics; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Rheumatology; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Shaochen Guan
- Department of Geriatrics; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Geriatrics; Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing China
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Dai DP, Xu RA, Hu LM, Wang SH, Geng PW, Yang JF, Yang LP, Qian JC, Wang ZS, Zhu GH, Zhang XH, Ge RS, Hu GX, Cai JP. CYP2C9 polymorphism analysis in Han Chinese populations: building the largest allele frequency database. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2013; 14:85-92. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wu X, Zuo J, Guo T, Yuan L. CYP2C8Polymorphism Frequencies Among Han, Uighur, Hui, and Mongolian Chinese Populations. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:104-8. [PMID: 23336573 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinliang Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Economic and Technological Development Zone Public Security Bureau of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
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Hu LM, Dai DP, Hu GX, Yang JF, Xu RA, Yang LP, Qian JC, Ge RS, Cai JP. Genetic polymorphisms and novel allelic variants of CYP2C19 in the Chinese Han population. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:1571-81. [PMID: 23148634 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to systematically investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene and provide accurate data of the allele distribution pattern in the Chinese Han population. Materials & Methods: We amplified all nine exons of the CYP2C19 gene in 2127 unrelated healthy Chinese Han subjects from two geographical locations (Zhejiang province, n = 1127; Hebei province, n = 1000), using direct sequencing. Results: In total, six previously reported alleles were found in our study, in which two alleles CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*18 were reported for the first time in Chinese Han subjects. In addition, 35 novel variants were detected in the present work, which included 11 new named alleles, 12 nonsynonymous mutations and one insert variant. Conclusion: This study provides important data on the pattern of CYP2C19 polymorphisms in Chinese Han subjects, using the largest group of individuals. Furthermore, the study also detects the largest number of novel alleles in one population. These findings are of potential benefit to the development of personalized medicine for the Chinese Han population. Original submitted 25 June 2012; Revision submitted 20 August 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Hu
- Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical College, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, Wenzhou Medical College, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wenzhou Medical College, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical College, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chang Qian
- Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical College, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Wenzhou Medical College, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of China
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Zihlif M, Imraish A, Irshaid YM. Frequency of certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms and duplication of CYP2D6 in the Jordanian population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1201-5. [PMID: 22905959 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CYP2D6 isozymes are responsible for metabolism of 7-10% of clinically available drugs. Genetic polymorphism in CYP2D6 may have an impact on drug efficacy and toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the allelic frequency of CYP2D6*4, *10, and *17 and CYP2D6*2×N duplication allele in 192 healthy unrelated male and female Jordanian volunteers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods were used to identify the CYP2D6*4, *10, and *17 genotypes; and allele-specific long PCR was used to determine the CYP2D6*2×N allelic frequency. The CYP2D6*10 allele was the most frequent mutant allele in Jordanians (14.8%) followed by CYP2D6*4 and *17 at 12.8%, and 8.3%, respectively. The duplication allele was found in 13.5% of the studied sample. The CYP2D6*4 G-A heterozygote genotype frequency was 20.3%, and the homozygous mutant genotype was 2.6%. In case of CYP2D6*10 C-T and CYP2D6*17 G-C heterozygote genotypes, the frequencies were 21.4% and 12.5%, respectively, while the homozygous mutant genotype frequencies of T-T and C-C were 4.2% and 2.1%, respectively. In conclusion, the allelic distributions of the CYP2D6 gene among Jordanians are different from other Mediterranean groups, especially the *10 and *17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and more importantly the CYP2D6*2×N duplication allele, which seems to follow a gradient reduction in prevalence from Ethiopia to Northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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