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Abu Seman N, Othman SH. Recent Progress in Genetics and Epigenetics Research on Diabetic Nephropathy in Malaysia. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:9053580. [PMID: 37187702 PMCID: PMC10181909 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9053580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a multifactorial disease. Gene susceptibility, as well as environmental exposure, plays an important role in disease progression. Malaysia is reported to be among the world's second-fastest-growing rates of kidney failure. Diabetic nephropathy has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease in Malaysia. This article is aimed at reviewing genetic studies conducted among diabetic nephropathy patients in the Malaysian population. This review was conducted by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases to identify all relevant papers published in English from March 2022 to April 2022, using the following keywords: diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and Malaysia. The case-control study among diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy showed a significant association with diabetic nephropathy in CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD genes. In the ethnic subgroup analysis, significant differences for diabetic nephropathy in terms of diabetes duration (≥10 years) were observed for CCL2 rs3917887, CCR5 rs1799987, ELMO1 rs74130, and IL8 rs4073. The IL8 rs4073 was associated only with the Indians, while the CCR5 rs1799987 was associated with the Chinese. In Malays, SLC12A3 Arg913Gln polymorphism and ICAM1 K469E (A/G) polymorphism were found to be associated with diabetic nephropathy. Studies on gene-environment interactions have suggested significant genetic and environmental factors such as smoking, waist circumference, and sex for eNOS rs2070744, PPARGC1A rs8192678, KCNQ1 rs2237895, and KCNQ1 rs2283228 with kidney disease. The genetic variants' contributions differed across ethnic groups. Therefore, a study to validate the genetic variants that are found to be associated with different ethnicities in Malaysia may be important in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhashimah Abu Seman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Haslina Othman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Yadav AK, Sinha N, Kumar V, Bhansali A, Dutta P, Jha V. Association of CTG repeat polymorphism in carnosine dipeptidase 1 ( CNDP1) gene with diabetic nephropathy in north Indians. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:32-37. [PMID: 27834323 PMCID: PMC5116895 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.193280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES CNDP1 gene, present on chromosome 18q22.3-23, encodes carnosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hydrolysis of carnosine to ß-alanine and L-histidine. Linkage of CTG trinucleotide (leucine) repeat polymorphism in CNDP1 gene with diabetic nephropathy has been observed in several populations. However, this association is conflicting and population-dependent. We investigated this association in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without nephropathy in north India. METHODS A total of 564 individuals [199 T2DM without nephropathy (DM), 185 T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 180 healthy individuals (HC)] were enrolled. CNDP1 CTG repeat analysis was done by direct sequencing of a 377 base pair fragment in exon 2. RESULTS The most frequent leucine (L) repeats were 5L-5L, 6L-5L and 6L-6L. 5L-5L genotype frequency was reduced in DN (24.3%) as compared to DM (34.7%, P=0.035) and HC (38.4%, P=0.005). Similarly, 5L allele frequency was lower in DN (46.8%) as compared to DM (57.3%, P=0.004) and HC (60.5%, P<0.001). The genotype and allelic frequencies were similar in DM and HC groups. No gender specific difference was observed in the genotype or allelic frequencies between groups. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy individuals and those with diabetes but no kidney disease, patients with diabetic nephropathy exhibited lower frequencies of 5L-5L genotype and 5L allele of CNDP1 gene, suggesting that this allele might confer protection against development of kidney disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Yadav
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nisha Sinha
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh; George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
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Albrecht T, Zhang S, Braun JD, Xia L, Rodriquez A, Qiu J, Peters V, Schmitt CP, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Lammert A, Köppel H, Schnuelle P, Krämer BK, Yard BA, Hauske SJ. The CNDP1 (CTG) 5 Polymorphism Is Associated with Biopsy-Proven Diabetic Nephropathy, Time on Hemodialysis, and Diabetes Duration. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9506730. [PMID: 28553654 PMCID: PMC5434468 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9506730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that the homozygous CNDP1 (CTG)5 genotype affords protection against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in female patients with type 2 diabetes, this study assessed if this association remains gender-specific when applying clinical inclusion criteria (CIC-DN) or biopsy proof (BP-DN). Additionally, it assessed if the prevalence of the protective genotype changes with diabetes duration and time on hemodialysis and if this occurs in association with serum carnosinase (CN-1) activity. Whereas the distribution of the (CTG)5 homozygous genotype in the no-DN and CIC-DN patients was comparable, a lower frequency was found in the BP-DN patients, particularly in females. We observed a significant trend towards high frequencies of the (CTG)5 homozygous genotype with increased time on dialysis. This was also observed for diabetes duration but only reached significance when both (CTG)5 homo- and heterozygous patients were included. CN-1 activity negatively correlated with time on hemodialysis and was lower in (CTG)5 homozygous patients. The latter remained significant in female subjects after gender stratification. We confirm the association between the CNDP1 genotype and DN to be likely gender-specific. Although our data also suggest that (CTG)5 homozygous patients may have a survival advantage on dialysis and in diabetes, this hypothesis needs to be confirmed in a prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Albrecht
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- *Thomas Albrecht:
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jana D. Braun
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Li Xia
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Angelica Rodriquez
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus P. Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Lammert
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hannes Köppel
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Schnuelle
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A. Yard
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sibylle J. Hauske
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Santos KG. The (CTG) n repeat polymorphism in CNDP1 gene: New insights into an old molecule. Indian J Med Res 2016; 144:6-8. [PMID: 27834319 PMCID: PMC5116900 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.193276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kátia G Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Hipkiss A, Aldini G, de Courten B. Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1131-49. [PMID: 26984320 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They represent major public health threat to our society. Increasing prevalence of obesity and T2DM contributes to escalating morbidity and mortality from CVD and stroke. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ischaemic and chelating roles and is available as an over-the-counter food supplement. Animal evidence suggests that carnosine may offer many promising therapeutic benefits for multiple chronic diseases due to these properties. Carnosine, traditionally used in exercise physiology to increase exercise performance, has potential preventative and therapeutic benefits in obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM and diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications (CVD and stroke) as well as number of neurological and mental health conditions. However, relatively little evidence is available in humans. Thus, future studies should focus on well-designed clinical trials to confirm or refute a potential role of carnosine in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, in addition to advancing knowledge from the basic science and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alan Hipkiss
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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Zhang S, Lindner HA, Kabtni S, van den Born J, Bakker S, Navis G, Krämer B, Yard B, Hauske S. Monoclonal Antibody RYSK173 Recognizes the Dinuclear Zn Center of Serum Carnosinase 1 (CN-1): Possible Consequences of Zn Binding for CN-1 Recognition by RYSK173. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146831. [PMID: 26799971 PMCID: PMC4723063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The proportion of serum carnosinase (CN-1) recognized by RYSK173 monoclonal antibody negatively correlates with CN-1 activity. We thus hypothesized that the epitope recognized by RYSK173 is accessible only in a catalytically incompetent conformation of the zinc dependent enzyme and we mapped its position in the CN-1 structure. Since patients with kidney failure are often deficient in zinc and other trace elements we also assessed the RYSK173 CN-1 proportion in serum of these patients and studied the influence of hemodialysis hereon in relation to Zn2+ and Cu2+ concentration during hemodialysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Epitope mapping using myc-tagged CN-1 fragments and overlapping peptides revealed that the RYSK173 epitope directly contributes to the formation of the dinuclear Zn center in the catalytic domain of homodimeric CN-1. Binding of RYSK173 to CN-1 was however not influenced by addition of Zn2+ or Cu2+ to serum. In serum of healthy controls the proportion of CN-1 recognized by RYSK173 was significantly lower compared to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (1.12 ± 0.17 vs. 1.56 ± 0.40% of total CN-1; p<0.001). During hemodialysis the relative proportion of RYSK173 CN-1 decreased in parallel with increased serum Zn2+ and Cu2+ concentrations after dialysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study clearly indicates that RYSK173 recognizes a sequence within the transition metal binding site of CN-1, thus supporting our hypothesis that metal binding to CN-1 masks the epitope. The CN-1 RYSK173 proportion appears overall increased in ESRD patients, yet it decreases during hemodialysis possibly as a consequence of a relative increase in transition metal bound enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Holger A. Lindner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Kabtni
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jaap van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sibylle Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Conserva F, Gesualdo L, Papale M. A Systems Biology Overview on Human Diabetic Nephropathy: From Genetic Susceptibility to Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7934504. [PMID: 26798653 PMCID: PMC4698547 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7934504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a microvascular complication occurring in approximately 20-40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is characterized by the progressive impairment of glomerular filtration and the development of Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions leading to end-stage renal failure (ESRD). The causes and molecular mechanisms mediating the onset of T2DM chronic complications are yet sketchy and it is not clear why disease progression occurs only in some patients. We performed a systematic analysis of the most relevant studies investigating genetic susceptibility and specific transcriptomic, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic patterns in order to summarize the most significant traits associated with the disease onset and progression. The picture that emerges is complex and fascinating as it includes the regulation/dysregulation of numerous biological processes, converging toward the activation of inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, remodeling of cellular function and morphology, and disturbance of metabolic pathways. The growing interest in the characterization of protein post-translational modifications and the importance of handling large datasets using a systems biology approach are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Conserva
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, “S. Maugeri” Foundation, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, 70020 Cassano delle Murge, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- *Loreto Gesualdo:
| | - Massimo Papale
- Molecular Medicine Center, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Stegen S, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Khandwala F, Yard B, De Heer E, Baelde H, Peersman W, Derave W. Aerobic and resistance training do not influence plasma carnosinase content or activity in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E663-9. [PMID: 26389600 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00142.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A particular allele of the carnosinase gene (CNDP1) is associated with reduced plasma carnosinase activity and reduced risk for nephropathy in diabetic patients. On the one hand, animal and human data suggest that hyperglycemia increases plasma carnosinase activity. On the other hand, we recently reported lower carnosinase activity levels in elite athletes involved in high-intensity exercise compared with untrained controls. Therefore, this study investigates whether exercise training and the consequent reduction in hyperglycemia can suppress carnosinase activity and content in adults with type 2 diabetes. Plasma samples were taken from 243 males and females with type 2 diabetes (mean age = 54.3 yr, SD = 7.1) without major microvascular complications before and after a 6-mo exercise training program [4 groups: sedentary control (n = 61), aerobic exercise (n = 59), resistance exercise (n = 63), and combined exercise training (n = 60)]. Plasma carnosinase content and activity, hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. A 6-mo exercise training intervention, irrespective of training modality, did not decrease plasma carnosinase content or activity in type 2 diabetic patients. Plasma carnosinase content and activity showed a high interindividual but very low intraindividual variability over the 6-mo period. Age and sex, but not Hb A1c, were significantly related to the activity or content of this enzyme. It can be concluded that the beneficial effects of exercise training on the incidence of diabetic complications are probably not related to a lowering effect on plasma carnosinase content or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Stegen
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Benito Yard
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emile De Heer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Hans Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Wim Peersman
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;
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Arner P, Henjes F, Schwenk JM, Darmanis S, Dahlman I, Iresjö BM, Naredi P, Agustsson T, Lundholm K, Nilsson P, Rydén M. Circulating carnosine dipeptidase 1 associates with weight loss and poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123566. [PMID: 25898255 PMCID: PMC4405487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CC) is linked to poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms promoting this condition are not known, several circulating proteins have been proposed to contribute. We analyzed the plasma proteome in cancer subjects in order to identify factors associated with cachexia. DESIGN/SUBJECTS Plasma was obtained from a screening cohort of 59 patients, newly diagnosed with suspected gastrointestinal cancer, with (n = 32) or without (n = 27) cachexia. Samples were subjected to proteomic profiling using 760 antibodies (targeting 698 individual proteins) from the Human Protein Atlas project. The main findings were validated in a cohort of 93 patients with verified and advanced pancreas cancer. RESULTS Only six proteins displayed differential plasma levels in the screening cohort. Among these, Carnosine Dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) was confirmed by sandwich immunoassay to be lower in CC (p = 0.008). In both cohorts, low CNDP1 levels were associated with markers of poor prognosis including weight loss, malnutrition, lipid breakdown, low circulating albumin/IGF1 levels and poor quality of life. Eleven of the subjects in the discovery cohort were finally diagnosed with non-malignant disease but omitting these subjects from the analyses did not have any major influence on the results. CONCLUSIONS In gastrointestinal cancer, reduced plasma levels of CNDP1 associate with signs of catabolism and poor outcome. These results, together with recently published data demonstrating lower circulating CNDP1 in subjects with glioblastoma and metastatic prostate cancer, suggest that CNDP1 may constitute a marker of aggressive cancer and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frauke Henjes
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thorhallur Agustsson
- Division of Surgery, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Mora-Fernández C, Domínguez-Pimentel V, de Fuentes MM, Górriz JL, Martínez-Castelao A, Navarro-González JF. Diabetic kidney disease: from physiology to therapeutics. J Physiol 2014; 592:3997-4012. [PMID: 24907306 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.272328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) defines the functional, structural and clinical abnormalities of the kidneys that are caused by diabetes. This complication has become the single most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. The pathophysiology of DKD comprises the interaction of both genetic and environmental determinants that trigger a complex network of pathophysiological events, which leads to the damage of the glomerular filtration barrier, a highly specialized structure formed by the fenestrated endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane and the epithelial podocytes, that permits a highly selective ultrafiltration of the blood plasma. DKD evolves gradually over years through five progressive stages. Briefly they are: reversible glomerular hyperfiltration, normal glomerular filtration and normoalbuminuria, normal glomerular filtration and microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, and renal failure. Approximately 20-40% of diabetic patients develop microalbuminuria within 10-15 years of the diagnosis of diabetes, and about 80-90% of those with microalbuminuria progress to more advanced stages. Thus, after 15-20 years, macroalbuminuria occurs approximately in 20-40% of patients, and around half of them will present renal insufficiency within 5 years. The screening and early diagnosis of DKD is based on the measurement of urinary albumin excretion and the detection of microalbuminuria, the first clinical sign of DKD. The management of DKD is based on the general recommendations in the treatment of patients with diabetes, including optimal glycaemic and blood pressure control, adequate lipid management and abolishing smoking, in addition to the lowering of albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Muros de Fuentes
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José L Górriz
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Castelao
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain Nephrology Service, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Zhang J, Guan YL, Xiao Y, Zhang XW. A meta-analysis of the association of G915C, G800A, C509T gene polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 with diabetic nephropathy risk. Ren Fail 2013; 36:321-6. [PMID: 24060183 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.832320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) G915C, G800A, C509T gene polymorphism with the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The association literatures were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) on March 1, 2013, and eligible reports were recruited and synthesized. Seven reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of TGF-β1 G800A, C509T, G915C gene polymorphism with DN risk. GG genotype, CC genotype, and C allele of TGF-β1 G915C were not associated with the DN risk (GG: OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.62-1.14, p = 0.27; CC: OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.50-2.22, p = 0.90; C allele: OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.88-1.51, p = 0.29). Furthermore, TGF-β1 G800A, C509T gene polymorphism was not associated with the DN risk. In conclusion, TGF-β1 G915C, G800A, and C509T gene polymorphism are not associated with the DN risk. However, more studies should be performed to confirm this relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Zhengzhou , China
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