1
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Chazot-Franguiadakis L, Eid J, Delecourt G, Kolbeck PJ, Brugère S, Molcrette B, Socol M, Mougel M, Salvetti A, Démery V, Lacroix JC, Bennevault V, Guégan P, Castelnovo M, Montel F. Soft jamming of viral particles in nanopores. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6180. [PMID: 39039059 PMCID: PMC11263580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have remarkable physical properties and complex interactions with their environment. However, their aggregation in confined spaces remains unexplored, although this phenomenon is of paramount importance for understanding viral infectivity. Using hydrodynamical driving and optical detection, we developed a method to detect the transport of single virus in real time through synthetic nanopores. We unveiled a jamming phenomenon specifically associated with virus confinement under flow. We showed that the interactions of viral particles with themselves and with the pore surface were critical for clog formation. Based on the detailed screening of the physical and chemical determinants, we proposed a simple dynamical model that recapitulated all the experimental observations. Our results pave the way for the study of jamming phenomena in the presence of more complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Eid
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gwendoline Delecourt
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pauline J Kolbeck
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience, LMU Munich, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Brugère
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Molcrette
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, UMR CNRS 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marius Socol
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marylène Mougel
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, UMR CNRS 5308, Université de Lyon, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Démery
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Gulliver, UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Bennevault
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- University of Evry, Evry, 91000, France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Martin Castelnovo
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Montel
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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2
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Merten OW. Development of Stable Packaging and Producer Cell Lines for the Production of AAV Vectors. Microorganisms 2024; 12:384. [PMID: 38399788 PMCID: PMC10892526 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors represent the vector systems which are mostly used for in vivo gene therapy for the treatment of rare and less-rare diseases. Although most of the past developments have been performed by using a transfection-based method and more than half of the authorized rAAV-based treatments are based on transfection process, the tendency is towards the use of stable inducible packaging and producer cell lines because their use is much more straightforward and leads in parallel to reduction in the overall manufacturing costs. This article presents the development of HeLa cell-based packaging/producer cell lines up to their use for large-scale rAAV vector production, the more recent development of HEK293-based packaging and producer cell lines, as well as of packaging cell lines based on the use of Sf9 cells. The production features are presented in brief (where available), including vector titer, specific productivity, and full-to-empty particle ratio.
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3
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Ferla R, Dell’Aquila F, Doria M, Ferraiuolo M, Noto A, Grazioli F, Ammendola V, Testa F, Melillo P, Iodice C, Risca G, Tedesco N, le Brun PR, Surace EM, Simonelli F, Galimberti S, Valsecchi MG, Marteau JB, Veron P, Colloca S, Auricchio A. Efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety in the mouse and primate retina of dual AAV vectors for Usher syndrome type 1B. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 28:396-411. [PMID: 36910588 PMCID: PMC9996380 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy of Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B) due to mutations in the large Myosin VIIA (MYO7A) gene is limited by the packaging capacity of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. To overcome this, we have previously developed dual AAV8 vectors which encode human MYO7A (dual AAV8.MYO7A). Here we show that subretinal administration of 1.37E+9 to 1.37E+10 genome copies of a good-manufacturing-practice-like lot of dual AAV8.MYO7A improves the retinal defects of a mouse model of USH1B. The same lot was used in non-human primates at doses 1.6× and 4.3× the highest dose proposed for the clinical trial which was based on mouse efficacy data. Long-lasting alterations in retinal function and morphology were observed following subretinal administration of dual AAV8.MYO7A at the high dose. These findings were modest and improved over time in the low-dose group, as also observed in other studies involving the use of AAV8 in non-human primates and humans. Biodistribution and shedding studies confirmed the presence of vector DNA mainly in the visual pathway. Accordingly, we detected human MYO7A mRNA expression predominantly in the retina. Overall, these studies pave the way for the clinical translation of subretinal administration of dual AAV vectors in USH1B subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ferla
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- AAVantgarde BIO Srl, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author: Rita Ferla, Telethon institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; AAVantgarde BIO Srl, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Dell’Aquila
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Monica Doria
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Testa
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Melillo
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Iodice
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Risca
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Novella Tedesco
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Evry 91000, INSERM, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Pierre Romain le Brun
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Evry 91000, INSERM, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Enrico Maria Surace
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galimberti
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Philippe Veron
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Evry 91000, INSERM, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- AAVantgarde BIO Srl, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Corresponding author: Alberto Auricchio, Telethon institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; AAVantgarde BIO Srl, 20123 Milan, Italy.
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4
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Lee Z, Lu M, Irfanullah E, Soukup M, Schmidt D, Hu WS. Development of an Inducible, Replication-Competent Assay Cell Line for Titration of Infectious Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:162-170. [PMID: 36565023 PMCID: PMC10081724 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An important quality attribute of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) as a therapeutic vector is its infectivity. Current assays to quantify infectious rAAV rely on coinfection with a helper virus such as adenovirus (Ad), which requires helper virus preparation and introduces additional variability. A simple method that has high sensitivity and removes the need for helper virus would improve assay consistency and facilitate high-throughput applications such as rAAV producer cell line development. In this study, we describe a stable assay cell line that was generated by integrating the coding sequences for AAV Rep68 and Ad E4orf6 and DNA binding protein under the control of inducible promoters. The Rep68 protein expression was further modulated by a ligand-responsive destabilization domain. In several benchmarks, the cell line gave comparable titers with those obtained using a classical Ad coinfection method. The cell line was also used to titer vectors of multiple rAAV serotypes. This cell line has the potential to serve as an effective and robust tool for quantifying infectious rAAV titers to advance gene therapy vector biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zion Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
| | | | - Morgan Soukup
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
| | - Daniel Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
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5
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Amadeu de Oliveira F, Mohamed FF, Kinoshita Y, Narisawa S, Farquharson C, Miyake K, Foster BL, Millan JL. Gene Therapy Using Recombinant AAV Type 8 Vector Encoding TNAP-D 10 Improves the Skeletal Phenotypes in Murine Models of Osteomalacia. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10709. [PMID: 36699639 PMCID: PMC9850441 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), is characterized by skeletal and dental hypomineralization that can vary in severity from life-threatening to milder manifestations only in adulthood. PHOSPHO1 deficiency leads to early-onset scoliosis, osteomalacia, and fractures that mimic pseudo-HPP. Asfotase alfa, a life-saving enzyme replacement therapy approved for pediatric-onset HPP, requires subcutaneous injections 3 to 6 times per week. We recently showed that a single injection of an adeno-associated virus vector serotype 8 harboring TNAP-D10 (AAV8-TNAP-D10) effectively prevented skeletal disease and prolonged life in Alpl -/- mice phenocopying infantile HPP. Here, we aimed to determine the efficacy of AAV8-TNAP-D10 in improving the skeletal and dental phenotype in the Alpl Prx1/Prx1 and Phospho1 -/- mouse models of late-onset (adult) HPP and pseudo-HPP, respectively. A single dose of 3 × 1011 vector genomes per body (vg/b) was injected intramuscularly into 8-week-old Alpl Prx1/Prx1 and wild-type (WT) littermates, or into 3-day-old Phospho1 -/- and WT mice, and treatment efficacy was evaluated after 60 days for late-onset HPP mice and after 90 days for Phospho1 -/- mice. Biochemical analysis showed sustained serum alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced plasma PPi levels, and radiographic images, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed improvements in the long bones in the late-onset HPP mice and corrected scoliosis in the Phospho1 -/- mice. Micro-CT analysis of the dentoalveolar complex did not reveal significant changes in the phenotype of late-onset HPP and pseudo-HPP models. Moreover, alizarin red staining analysis showed that AAV8-TNAP-D10 treatment did not promote ectopic calcification of soft organs in adult HPP mice after 60 days of treatment, even after inducing chronic kidney disease. Overall, the AAV8-TNAP-D10 treatment improved the skeletal phenotype in both the adult HPP and pseudo-HPP mouse models. This preclinical study will contribute to the advancement of gene therapy for the improvement of skeletal disease in patients with heritable forms of osteomalacia. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Yuka Kinoshita
- Human Genetics ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Human Genetics ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (RDSVS), The Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Gene TherapyNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- Human Genetics ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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6
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Chazot-Franguiadakis L, Eid J, Socol M, Molcrette B, Guégan P, Mougel M, Salvetti A, Montel F. Optical Quantification by Nanopores of Viruses, Extracellular Vesicles, and Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3651-3658. [PMID: 35475610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores combined with optical approaches can be used to detect viral particles. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of hydrodynamical driving and optical sensing to identify and quantify viral particles in a biological sample. We have developed a simple and rapid method which requires only fluorescent labeling of the particles and can therefore be applied to a wide range of virus type. The system operates in real time and at the single particle level while providing a low error on concentration (4%) and a low limit of detection of 105 particles/mL for an acquisition time of 60 s with the ability to increase the acquisition time to achieve a lower limit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Eid
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier 34965, France
| | - Marius Socol
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier 34965, France
| | - Bastien Molcrette
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75252, France
| | - Marylène Mougel
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier 34965, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, UMR CNRS 5308, Université de Lyon, INSERM, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Fabien Montel
- Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5672, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France
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7
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Evaluation of the dystrophin carboxy-terminal domain for micro-dystrophin gene therapy in cardiac and skeletal muscles in the DMD mdx rat model. Gene Ther 2022; 29:520-535. [PMID: 35105949 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle wasting disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. Gene therapy using micro-dystrophin (MD) transgenes and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors hold great promise. To overcome the limited packaging capacity of rAAV vectors, most MD do not include dystrophin carboxy-terminal (CT) domain. Yet, the CT domain is known to recruit α1- and β1-syntrophins and α-dystrobrevin, a part of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), which is a signaling and structural mediator of muscle cells. In this study, we explored the impact of inclusion of the dystrophin CT domain on ΔR4-23/ΔCT MD (MD1), in DMDmdx rats, which allows for relevant evaluations at muscular and cardiac levels. We showed by LC-MS/MS that MD1 expression is sufficient to restore the interactions at a physiological level of most DAPC partners in skeletal and cardiac muscles, and that inclusion of the CT domain increases the recruitment of some DAPC partners at supra-physiological levels. In parallel, we demonstrated that inclusion of the CT domain does not improve MD1 therapeutic efficacy on DMD muscle and cardiac pathologies. Our work highlights new evidences of the therapeutic potential of MD1 and strengthens the relevance of this candidate for gene therapy of DMD.
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8
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Overview of analytics needed to support a robust gene therapy manufacturing process. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Menou L, Salas YC, Lecoq L, Salvetti A, Moskalenko CF, Castelnovo M. Stiffness heterogeneity of small viral capsids. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:064408. [PMID: 35030852 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoindentation of viral capsids provides an efficient tool in order to probe their elastic properties. We investigate in the present work the various sources of stiffness heterogeneity as observed in atomic force microscopy experiments. By combining experimental results with both numerical and analytical modeling, we first show that for small viruses, a position-dependent stiffness is observed. This effect is strong and has not been properly taken into account previously. Moreover, we show that a geometrical model is able to reproduce this effect quantitatively. Our work suggests alternative ways of measuring stiffness heterogeneities on small viral capsids. This is illustrated on two different viral capsids: Adeno associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) and hepatitis B virus (HBV with T=4). We discuss our results in light of continuous elasticity modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Menou
- Université de Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | | | - Lauriane Lecoq
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U111, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | | | - Martin Castelnovo
- Université de Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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10
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Matsumoto T, Miyake K, Miyake N, Iijima O, Adachi K, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Orimo H, Shimada T. Treatment with bone maturation and average lifespan of HPP model mice by AAV8-mediated neonatal gene therapy via single muscle injection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:330-337. [PMID: 34514025 PMCID: PMC8408425 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited skeletal disease characterized by defective bone and tooth mineralization due to a deficiency in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP). Patients with the severe infantile form of HPP may appear normal at birth, but their prognosis is very poor. To develop a practical gene therapy for HPP, we endeavored to phenotypically correct TNALP knockout (Akp2 -/- ) mice through adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) vector-mediated, muscle-directed, TNALP expression. Following treatment of neonatal Akp2 -/- mice with a single intramuscular injection of ARU-2801 (AAV8-TNALP-D10-vector) at 1.0 × 1012 vector genomes/body, high plasma ALP levels (19.38 ± 5.02 U/mL) were detected for up to 18 months, and computed tomography analysis showed mature bone mineralization. Histochemical staining for ALP activity in the knee joint revealed ALP activity on the surface of the endosteal bone of mice. Throughout their lives, the surviving treated Akp2 -/- mice exhibited normal physical activity and a healthy appearance, whereas untreated controls died within 3 weeks. No ectopic calcification or abnormal calcium metabolism was detected in the treated mice. These findings suggest that ARU-2801-mediated neonatal intramuscular gene therapy is both safe and effective, and that this strategy could be a practical option for treatment of the severe infantile form of HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Matsumoto
- Department of Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Osamu Iijima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hideo Orimo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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11
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Kinoshita Y, Mohamed FF, Amadeu de Oliveira F, Narisawa S, Miyake K, Foster BL, Millán JL. Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Encoding TNAP-D 10 Improves the Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Phenotypes in Alpl -/- Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1835-1849. [PMID: 34076297 PMCID: PMC8446309 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), whose deficiency results in the accumulation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ), a potent mineralization inhibitor. Skeletal and dental hypomineralization characterizes HPP, with disease severity varying from life-threatening perinatal or infantile forms to milder forms that manifest in adulthood or only affect the dentition. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using mineral-targeted recombinant TNAP (Strensiq/asfotase alfa) markedly improves the life span, skeletal phenotype, motor function, and quality of life of patients with HPP, though limitations of ERT include frequent injections due to a short elimination half-life of 2.28 days and injection site reactions. We tested the efficacy of a single intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) encoding TNAP-D10 to increase the life span and improve the skeletal and dentoalveolar phenotypes in TNAP knockout (Alpl-/- ) mice, a murine model for severe infantile HPP. Alpl-/- mice received 3 × 1011 vector genomes/body of AAV8-TNAP-D10 within 5 days postnatal (dpn). AAV8-TNAP-D10 elevated serum ALP activity and suppressed plasma PPi . Treatment extended life span of Alpl-/- mice, and no ectopic calcifications were observed in the kidneys, aorta, coronary arteries, or brain in the 70 dpn observational window. Treated Alpl-/- mice did not show signs of rickets, including bowing of long bones, enlargement of epiphyses, or fractures. Bone microstructure of treated Alpl-/- mice was similar to wild type, with a few persistent small cortical and trabecular defects. Histology showed no measurable osteoid accumulation but reduced bone volume fraction in treated Alpl-/- mice versus controls. Treated Alpl-/- mice featured normal molar and incisor dentoalveolar tissues, with the exceptions of slightly reduced molar enamel and alveolar bone density. Histology showed the presence of cementum and normal periodontal ligament attachment. These results support gene therapy as a promising alternative to ERT for the treatment of HPP. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kinoshita
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Tustian AD, Bak H. Assessment of quality attributes for adeno-associated viral vectors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4186-4203. [PMID: 34309017 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong and growing interest in the development and production of gene therapy products, including those utilizing adeno-associated virus (AAV) particles. This is evident with the increase in the number of clinical trials and agency approvals for AAV therapeutics. As bioproduction of AAV viral vectors matures, a quality by design (QbD) approach to process development can aid in process robustness and product quality. Furthermore, it may become a regulatory expectation. The first step in any QbD approach is to determine what physical, chemical, biological, or microbiological property or characteristic product attributes should be controlled within an appropriate limit, range, or distribution to ensure the desired product quality. Then predefined goals are set to allow proactive process development to design in quality. This review lists typical quality attributes used for release testing of AAV viral vectors and discusses these and selected attributes important to extended characterization studies in terms of safety, efficacy, and impact upon the patient immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Bak
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
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13
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Zhang J, Guo P, Xu Y, Mulcrone PL, Samulski RJ, Xiao W. "D" matters in recombinant AAV DNA packaging. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1937-1939. [PMID: 34010593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zhang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Guo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yinxia Xu
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Patrick L Mulcrone
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - R Jude Samulski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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14
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Hepatitis B virus Core protein nuclear interactome identifies SRSF10 as a host RNA-binding protein restricting HBV RNA production. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008593. [PMID: 33180834 PMCID: PMC7707522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a preventive vaccine, chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects more than 250 million people and represents a major global cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Current clinical treatments, in most of cases, do not eliminate viral genome that persists as a DNA episome in the nucleus of hepatocytes and constitutes a stable template for the continuous expression of viral genes. Several studies suggest that, among viral factors, the HBV core protein (HBc), well-known for its structural role in the cytoplasm, could have critical regulatory functions in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. To elucidate these functions, we performed a proteomic analysis of HBc-interacting host-factors in the nucleus of differentiated HepaRG, a surrogate model of human hepatocytes. The HBc interactome was found to consist primarily of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are involved in various aspects of mRNA metabolism. Among them, we focused our studies on SRSF10, a RBP that was previously shown to regulate alternative splicing (AS) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and to control stress and DNA damage responses, as well as viral replication. Functional studies combining SRSF10 knockdown and a pharmacological inhibitor of SRSF10 phosphorylation (1C8) showed that SRSF10 behaves as a restriction factor that regulates HBV RNAs levels and that its dephosphorylated form is likely responsible for the anti-viral effect. Surprisingly, neither SRSF10 knock-down nor 1C8 treatment modified the splicing of HBV RNAs but rather modulated the level of nascent HBV RNA. Altogether, our work suggests that in the nucleus of infected cells HBc interacts with multiple RBPs that regulate viral RNA metabolism. Our identification of SRSF10 as a new anti-HBV restriction factor offers new perspectives for the development of new host-targeted antiviral strategies. Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects more than 250 million of people world-wide and is a major global cause of liver cancer. Current treatments lead to a significant reduction of viremia in patients. However, viral clearance is rarely obtained and the persistence of the HBV genome in the hepatocyte’s nucleus generates a stable source of viral RNAs and subsequently proteins which play important roles in immune escape mechanisms and liver disease progression. Therapies aiming at efficiently and durably eliminating viral gene expression are still required. In this study, we identified the nuclear partners of the HBV Core protein (HBc) to understand how this structural protein, responsible for capsid assembly in the cytoplasm, could also regulate viral gene expression. The HBc interactome was found to consist primarily of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). One of these RBPs, SRSF10, was demonstrated to restrict HBV RNA levels and a drug, able to alter its phosphorylation, behaved as an antiviral compound capable of reducing viral gene expression. Altogether, this study sheds new light on novel regulatory functions of HBc and provides information relevant for the development of antiviral strategies aiming at preventing viral gene expression.
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15
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Xu J, DeVries SH, Zhu Y. Quantification of Adeno-Associated Virus with Safe Nucleic Acid Dyes. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:1086-1099. [PMID: 32368927 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the most commonly used viral vector for both biological and gene therapeutic applications. Although many methods have been developed to measure quantity attributes of AAV, they are often technically challenging and time-consuming. Here, we report a method to titer AAV with GelGreen® dye, a safe green fluorescence nucleic acid dye recently engineered by Biotium company (Fremont, CA). This method, hereinafter referred to as GelGreen method, provides a fast (∼30 min) and reliable strategy for AAV titration. To validate GelGreen method, we measured genome titer of an AAV reference material AAV8RSM and compared our titration results with those determined by Reference Material Working Group (ARMWG). We showed that GelGreen results and capsid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results are comparable with each other. We also showed that GelRed® dye, a red fluorescence dye from Biotium, can be used to directly "visualize" AAV genome titer on a conventional gel imager, presenting an especially direct approach to estimate viral quantity. Finally, we showed that GelGreen and GelRed dyes can also be used to quantify self-complementary AAV (scAAV) and crudely purified AAV samples. In summary, we described a technique to titer AAV by using new generation of safe DNA dyes. This technique is simple, safe, reliable, and cost efficient. It has potential to be broadly applied for quantifying and normalizing AAV viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven H DeVries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yongling Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Lock M, Wilson J, Sena-Esteves M, Gao G. Sensitive Determination of Infectious Titer of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viruses (rAAVs) Using TCID 50 End-Point Dilution and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2020; 2020:095653. [PMID: 32358050 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot095653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) recombinants are currently the vector of choice for many gene therapy applications. As experimental therapies progress to clinical trials, the need to characterize recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) accurately and reproducibly increases. Accurate determination of rAAV infectious titer is important for determining the activity of each vector lot and for ensuring lot-to-lot consistency. The following protocol developed in our laboratory uses a 96-well TCID50 format and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection for the determination of rAAV infectious titer.
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17
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Vandamme C, Xicluna R, Hesnard L, Devaux M, Jaulin N, Guilbaud M, Le Duff J, Couzinié C, Moullier P, Saulquin X, Adjali O. Tetramer-Based Enrichment of Preexisting Anti-AAV8 CD8 + T Cells in Human Donors Allows the Detection of a T EMRA Subpopulation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3110. [PMID: 32038634 PMCID: PMC6990124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity to AAV capsid may compromise the safety and efficiency of rAAV-mediated gene transfer in patients. Anti-capsid cytotoxic immune responses have proven to be a challenge to characterize because of the scarcity of circulating AAV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes which can seldom be detected with conventional flow cytometry or ELISpot assays. Here, we used fluorescent MHC class I tetramers combined with magnetic enrichment to detect and phenotype AAV8-specific CD8+ T cells in human PBMCs without prior amplification. We showed that all healthy individuals tested carried a pool of AAV8-specific CD8+ T cells with a CD45RA+ CCR7- terminally-differentiated effector memory cell (TEMRA) fraction. Ex vivo frequencies of total AAV-specific CD8+ T cells were not predictive of IFNγ ELISpot responses but interestingly we evidenced a correlation between the proportion of TEMRA cells and IFNγ ELISpot positive responses. TEMRA cells may then play a role in recombinant AAV-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with preexisting immunity. Overall, our results encourage the development of new methods combining increased detection sensitivity of AAV-specific T cells and their poly-functional assessment to better characterize and monitor AAV capsid-specific cellular immune responses in the perspective of rAAV-mediated clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vandamme
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Rebecca Xicluna
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Leslie Hesnard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Devaux
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jaulin
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johanne Le Duff
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Célia Couzinié
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moullier
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Saulquin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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18
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Faure-Dupuy S, Delphin M, Aillot L, Dimier L, Lebossé F, Fresquet J, Parent R, Matter MS, Rivoire M, Bendriss-Vermare N, Salvetti A, Heide D, Flores L, Klumpp K, Lam A, Zoulim F, Heikenwälder M, Durantel D, Lucifora J. Hepatitis B virus-induced modulation of liver macrophage function promotes hepatocyte infection. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1086-1098. [PMID: 31349000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver macrophages can be involved in both pathogen clearance and/or pathogenesis. To get further insight on their role during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, our aim was to phenotypically and functionally characterize in vivo and ex vivo the interplay between HBV, primary human liver macrophages (PLMs) and primary blood monocytes differentiated into pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory macrophages (M1-MDMs or M2-MDMs, respectively). METHODS PLMs or primary blood monocytes, either ex vivo differentiated into M1-MDMs or M2-MDMs, were exposed to HBV and their activation followed by ELISA or quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Liver biopsies from HBV-infected patients were analysed by RT-qPCR or immunohistochemistry. Viral parameters in HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes and differentiated HepaRG cells were followed by ELISA, qPCR and RT-qPCR analyses. RESULTS HBc protein was present within the macrophages of liver biopsies taken from HBV-infected patients. Macrophages from HBV-infected patients also expressed higher levels of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers than those from non-infected patients. Ex vivo exposure of naive PLMs to HBV led to reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Upon exposure to HBV or HBV-producing cells during differentiation and activation, M1-MDMs secreted less IL-6 and IL-1β, whereas M2-MDMs secreted more IL-10 when exposed to HBV during activation. Finally, cytokines produced by M1-MDMs, but not those produced by HBV-exposed M1-MDMs, decreased HBV infection of hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data strongly suggest that HBV modulates liver macrophage functions to favour the establishment of infection. LAY SUMMARY Hepatitis B virus modulates liver macrophage function in order to favour the establishment and likely maintenance of infection. It impairs the production of the antiviral cytokine IL-1β, while promoting that of IL-10 in the microenvironment. This phenotype can be recapitulated in naive liver macrophages or monocyte-derived-macrophages ex vivo by short exposure to the virus or cells replicating the virus, thus suggesting an "easy to implement" mechanism of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Delphin
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Ludovic Aillot
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Laura Dimier
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Fanny Lebossé
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; Department of Hepatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Judith Fresquet
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Romain Parent
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lalo Flores
- Novira Therapeutics, Part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, United States
| | - Klaus Klumpp
- Novira Therapeutics, Part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, United States
| | - Angela Lam
- Novira Therapeutics, Part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, United States
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; Department of Hepatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; DEVweCAN Laboratory of Excellence, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; DEVweCAN Laboratory of Excellence, Lyon, France.
| | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France.
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19
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Pouzolles M, Machado A, Guilbaud M, Irla M, Gailhac S, Barennes P, Cesana D, Calabria A, Benedicenti F, Sergé A, Raman I, Li QZ, Montini E, Klatzmann D, Adjali O, Taylor N, Zimmermann VS. Intrathymic adeno-associated virus gene transfer rapidly restores thymic function and long-term persistence of gene-corrected T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:679-697.e5. [PMID: 31513879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with T-cell immunodeficiencies are generally treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but alternatives are needed for patients without matched donors. An innovative intrathymic gene therapy approach that directly targets the thymus might improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the efficacy of intrathymic adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes to transduce thymocyte subsets and correct the T-cell immunodeficiency in a zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70)-deficient murine model. METHODS AAV serotypes were injected intrathymically into wild-type mice, and gene transfer efficiency was monitored. ZAP-70-/- mice were intrathymically injected with an AAV8 vector harboring the ZAP70 gene. Thymus structure, immunophenotyping, T-cell receptor clonotypes, T-cell function, immune responses to transgenes and autoantibodies, vector copy number, and integration were evaluated. RESULTS AAV8, AAV9, and AAV10 serotypes all transduced thymocyte subsets after in situ gene transfer, with transduction of up to 5% of cells. Intrathymic injection of an AAV8-ZAP-70 vector into ZAP-70-/- mice resulted in a rapid thymocyte differentiation associated with the development of a thymic medulla. Strikingly, medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing the autoimmune regulator were detected within 10 days of gene transfer, correlating with the presence of functional effector and regulatory T-cell subsets with diverse T-cell receptor clonotypes in the periphery. Although thymocyte reconstitution was transient, gene-corrected peripheral T cells harboring approximately 1 AAV genome per cell persisted for more than 40 weeks, and AAV vector integration was detected. CONCLUSIONS Intrathymic AAV-transduced progenitors promote a rapid restoration of the thymic architecture, with a single wave of thymopoiesis generating long-term peripheral T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pouzolles
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Machado
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR1089, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Irla
- Center of Immunology Marseille-Luminy (CIML), INSERM U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
| | - Sarah Gailhac
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Barennes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France
| | - Daniela Cesana
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnauld Sergé
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Indu Raman
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), Paris, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR1089, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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20
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Tomono T, Hirai Y, Chono H, Mineno J, Ishii A, Onodera M, Tamaoka A, Okada T. Infectivity Assessment of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus and Wild-Type Adeno-Associated Virus Exposed to Various Diluents and Environmental Conditions. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2019; 30:137-143. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2019.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Majors in Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Rossi A, Dupaty L, Aillot L, Zhang L, Gallien C, Hallek M, Odenthal M, Adriouch S, Salvetti A, Büning H. Vector uncoating limits adeno-associated viral vector-mediated transduction of human dendritic cells and vector immunogenicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3631. [PMID: 30842485 PMCID: PMC6403382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AAV vectors poorly transduce Dendritic cells (DC), a feature invoked to explain AAV's low immunogenicity. However, the reason for this non-permissiveness remained elusive. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis using human monocyte-derived immature DC (iDC) as model. iDC internalized AAV vectors of various serotypes, but even the most efficient serotype failed to transduce iDC above background. Since AAV vectors reached the cell nucleus, we hypothesized that AAV's intracellular processing occurs suboptimal. On this basis, we screened an AAV peptide display library for capsid variants more suitable for DC transduction and identified the I/VSS family which transduced DC with efficiencies of up to 38%. This property correlated with an improved vector uncoating. To determine the consequence of this novel feature for AAV's in vivo performance, we engineered one of the lead candidates to express a cytoplasmic form of ovalbumin, a highly immunogenic model antigen, and assayed transduction efficiency as well as immunogenicity. The capsid variant clearly outperformed the parental serotype in muscle transduction and in inducing antigen-specific humoral and T cell responses as well as anti-capsid CD8+ T cells. Hence, vector uncoating represents a major barrier hampering AAV vector-mediated transduction of DC and impacts on its use as vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rossi
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Léa Dupaty
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Physiopathologie et biothérapies des maladies inflammatoires et autoimmunes (PANTHER), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Aillot
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5206, Lyon, France
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Célia Gallien
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Hallek
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Physiopathologie et biothérapies des maladies inflammatoires et autoimmunes (PANTHER), 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5206, Lyon, France.
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
Gene transfer and gene therapy are powerful approaches for many biological research applications and promising avenues for the treatment of many genetic or cancer diseases. The most efficient gene transfer tools are currently derived from viruses. Among them, the recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are vectors of choice for many fundamental and therapeutic applications. The increasing number of clinical trials involving AAVs demonstrates the need to implement production and purification processes to meet the quantitative and qualitative demands of regulatory agencies for the use of these vectors in clinical trials. In this context, the rise of production levels on an industrial scale appeared essential. The introduction, in 2002, of an AAV process using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has circumvented this technological lock. The advantage of BEVS in expanding the AAV production in insect cells has been to switch the process to bioreactor systems, which are the ideal equipment for scaling up. We describe here a method for producing AAV vectors using the BEVS which can be easily used by research laboratories wishing to overcome the difficulties associated with the scaling up of production levels. The method provides sufficient quantities of AAV vectors to initiate preclinical projects in large animal models or for research projects where a single batch of vectors will consolidate the repeatability and reproducibility of in vitro and especially in vivo experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sandro
- University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Karima Relizani
- University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- SQY Therapeutics SARL, Noisy-le-Roi, France
| | - Rachid Benchaouir
- University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco.
- SQY Therapeutics SARL, Noisy-le-Roi, France.
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23
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Tomono T, Hirai Y, Okada H, Miyagawa Y, Adachi K, Sakamoto S, Kawano Y, Chono H, Mineno J, Ishii A, Shimada T, Onodera M, Tamaoka A, Okada T. Highly Efficient Ultracentrifugation-free Chromatographic Purification of Recombinant AAV Serotype 9. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 11:180-190. [PMID: 30533449 PMCID: PMC6276309 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) can specifically transduce muscle and neuronal tissues; thus, rAAV9 can potentially be used in gene therapy. However, rAAV9 is the most challenging rAAV serotype to purify. Traditionally, rAAV9 has been purified by ultracentrifugation, which is not scalable. We recently described a chromatographic purification protocol for rAAV1; this protocol can achieve scalable purifications. In this study, we attempted to optimize this protocol for purifying rAAV9 preparations, and we developed a novel, effective method for high-yield purification of rAAV9 using quaternary ammonium anion exchangers and size-exclusion chromatography. The final purified rAAV9 contained mainly three capsid proteins, as observed by SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, negative-stain electron microscopy demonstrated that 96.1% ± 1.1% of rAAV9 particles carried the viral genome containing the EGFP transgene, indicating that impurities and empty capsids can be eliminated with our purification protocol. The final rAAV9 titer obtained by our protocol totaled 2.5 ± 0.4 × 1015 viral genomes produced from ∼3.2 × 109 HEK293EB cells. We confirmed that our protocol can also be applied to purify other varied AAV genome constructs. Our protocol can scale up production of pure rAAV9, in compliance with current good manufacturing practice, for clinical applications in human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Majors in Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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François A, Bouzelha M, Lecomte E, Broucque F, Penaud-Budloo M, Adjali O, Moullier P, Blouin V, Ayuso E. Accurate Titration of Infectious AAV Particles Requires Measurement of Biologically Active Vector Genomes and Suitable Controls. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:223-236. [PMID: 30112419 PMCID: PMC6090651 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors is constantly increasing, the development of suitable quality control methods is still needed for accurate vector characterization. Among the quality criteria, the titration of infectious particles is critical to determine vector efficacy. Different methods have been developed for the measurement of rAAV infectivity in vitro, based on detection of vector genome replication in trans-complementing cells infected with adenovirus, detection of transgene expression in permissive cells, or simply detection of intracellular vector genomes following the infection of indicator cells. In the present study, we have compared these methods for the titration of infectious rAAV8 vector particles, and, to assess their ability to discriminate infectious and non-infectious rAAV serotype 8 particles, we have generated a VP1-defective AAV8-GFP vector. Since VP1 is required to enter the cell nucleus, the lack of VP1 should drastically reduce the infectivity of rAAV particles. The AAV8 reference standard material was used as a positive control. Our results demonstrated that methods based on measurement of rAAV biological activity (i.e., vector genome replication or transgene expression) were able to accurately discriminate infectious versus non-infectious particles, whereas methods simply measuring intracellular vector genomes were not. Several cell fractionation protocols were tested in an attempt to specifically measure vector genomes that had reached the nucleus, but genomes from wild-type and VP1-defective AAV8 particles were equally detected in the nuclear fraction by qPCR. These data highlight the importance of using suitable controls, including a negative control, for the development of biological assays such as infectious unit titration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille François
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Mohammed Bouzelha
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Lecomte
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Broucque
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Magalie Penaud-Budloo
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moullier
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Blouin
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Eduard Ayuso
- INSERM UMR1089, University of Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
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25
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Bernaud J, Rossi A, Fis A, Gardette L, Aillot L, Büning H, Castelnovo M, Salvetti A, Faivre-Moskalenko C. Characterization of AAV vector particle stability at the single-capsid level. J Biol Phys 2018; 44:181-194. [PMID: 29656365 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus families have evolved different strategies for genome uncoating, which are also followed by recombinant vectors. Vectors derived from adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are considered as leading delivery tools for in vivo gene transfer, and in particular gene therapy. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), biochemical experiments, and physical modeling, we investigated here the physical properties and stability of AAV vector particles. We first compared the morphological properties of AAV vectors derived from two different serotypes (AAV8 and AAV9). Furthermore, we triggered ssDNA uncoating by incubating vector particles to increasing controlled temperatures. Our analyses, performed at the single-particle level, indicate that genome release can occur in vitro via two alternative pathways: either the capsid remains intact and ejects linearly the ssDNA molecule, or the capsid is ruptured, leaving ssDNA in a compact entangled conformation. The analysis of the length distributions of ejected genomes further revealed a two-step ejection behavior. We propose a kinetic model aimed at quantitatively describing the evolution of capsids and genomes along the different pathways, as a function of time and temperature. This model allows quantifying the relative stability of AAV8 and AAV9 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bernaud
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Axel Rossi
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anny Fis
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Lara Gardette
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Ludovic Aillot
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Castelnovo
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Cendrine Faivre-Moskalenko
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France.
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26
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Reid CA, Lipinski DM. Small and Micro-Scale Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Production and Purification for Ocular Gene Therapy Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1715:19-31. [PMID: 29188503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7522-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have emerged as the gold standard for transferring genetic material to cells of the retina. The ability to effectively produce small batches of rAAV vector at high enough purity for in vitro and in vivo applications in a cost-effective manner is paramount. This is particularly the case when conducting preclinical experiments to screen novel serotypes, promoters or transgenes, where production of numerous vector batches is required. Current vector production methods often produce large quantities of vector, limiting the cost-effectiveness and practicality of such screening experiments, which often require only small volumes of vector to carry out. Herein, we describe a method to produce high titer (1012-1013 vector genomes (vg)/mL) rAAV vector on small (~100 μL) or micro (~15 μL) scale for in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Reid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel M Lipinski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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27
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Tshilenge KT, Ameline B, Weber M, Mendes-Madeira A, Nedellec S, Biget M, Provost N, Libeau L, Blouin V, Deschamps JY, Le Meur G, Colle MA, Moullier P, Pichard V, Rolling F. Vitrectomy Before Intravitreal Injection of AAV2/2 Vector Promotes Efficient Transduction of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Dogs and Nonhuman Primates. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 27:122-34. [PMID: 27229628 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a promising vector for retinal gene delivery to restore visual function in certain forms of inherited retinal dystrophies. Several studies in rodent models have shown that intravitreal injection of the AAV2/2 vector is the optimal route for efficient retinal ganglion cell (RGC) transduction. However, translation of these findings to larger species, including humans, is complicated by anatomical differences in the eye, a key difference being the comparatively smaller volume of the vitreous chamber in rodents. Here, we address the role of the vitreous body as a potential barrier to AAV2/2 diffusion and transduction in the RGCs of dogs and macaques, two of the most relevant preclinical models. We intravitreally administered the AAV2/2 vector carrying the CMV-eGFP reporter cassette in dog and macaque eyes, either directly into the vitreous chamber or after complete vitrectomy, a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous body. Our findings suggest that the vitreous body appears to trap the injected vector, thus impairing the diffusion and transduction of AAV2/2 to inner retinal neurons. We show that vitrectomy before intravitreal vector injection is an effective means of overcoming this physical barrier, improving the transduction of RGCs in dog and macaque retinas. These findings support the use of vitrectomy in clinical trials of intravitreal gene transfer techniques targeting inner retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Ameline
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Weber
- 2 CHU de Nantes, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Nantes, France
| | | | - Steven Nedellec
- 3 Cellular and Tissular Imaging Core Facility of Nantes University, SFR Santé Francois Bonamy INSERM UMS016/CNRS UMS3556, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Biget
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Provost
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lyse Libeau
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Blouin
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jack-Yves Deschamps
- 4 Emergency and Critical Care Unit, ONIRIS, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie-Anne Colle
- 5 UMR 703 PAnTher INRA/ONIRIS, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moullier
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,6 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Virginie Pichard
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Rolling
- 1 Atlantic Gene Therapies, INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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28
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Potiron N, Chagneau C, Boeffard F, Soulillou JP, Anegon I, Le Mauff B. Adenovirus-Mediated CTLA4Ig or CD40Ig Gene Transfer Delays Pancreatic Islet Rejection in a Rat-to-Mouse Xenotransplantation Model after Systemic but Not Local Expression. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:263-75. [PMID: 16052908 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783983052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient costimulation signal blockade of either CD28/CD80–86 interactions and/or CD40/CD154 interactions can prevent islet rejection in some models of both allo- and xenotransplantation. We have used adenoviruses coding for CTLA4Ig or CD40Ig and compared the efficacy of genetic modification of islets to systemic production through either intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection of these vectors in a rat-to-mouse islet transplantation model. When gene transfer was performed into islets, a high level of primary nonfunction was induced. Furthermore, transduced functional grafts were rejected with the same kinetics as nontransduced islets. In contrast, IM AdCTLA4Ig and IV AdCD40Ig significantly delayed rejection (mean survival time of 54 ± 26.9 and 67.6 ± 44.9 days, respectively, vs. 24.3 ± 9.7 days for unmodified islets, p < 0.05). Combination of ex vivo AdCTLA4Ig islet transduction and IV AdCD40Ig did not improve graft survival further. In conclusion, islet graft transduction with adenoviruses coding for costimulation inhibitors resulted in local expression with low serum concentrations of CTLA4Ig or CD40Ig and was unable to protect islet xenografts from rejection. In contrast, IM or IV gene transfer resulted in high serum concentrations of these molecules and was highly efficient in prolonging xenograft survival. These results contrast with the efficacy of AdCTLA4Ig we observed in a rat islet allotransplantation model and suggest that islet xenograft rejection might be more difficult to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Potiron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR643, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 30 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes 01, France
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29
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Efficient production of an avian adeno-associated virus vector using insect cell/baculovirus expression system. J Virol Methods 2016; 240:26-31. [PMID: 27867046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant avian adeno-associated virus (rAAAV) is a promising gene transfer vector for avian cells. Although rAAAV can be produced by co-transfection of HEK293 cells with three plasmids, both scalability and productivity of the transient transfection method can not meet the demand for large-scale in vivo experiments. In this study, a scalable rAAAV production method was established by using insect cell/baculovirus expression system. Three recombinant baculoviruses, namely BacARep, BacAVP and BacAGFP, were generated by transfection of Sf9 cells with the three plasmids expressing AAAV Rep genes, modified VP gene or the inverted terminal repeats-flanked green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. After demonstration of the correct expression of AAAV genes, rAAAV-GFP was produced by triple infection of insect cells or triple transfection of HEK293 cells for comparison purpose. Electron microscopy revealed the formation of typical AAAV particles in the insect cells. Western blotting showed the correct assembly of rAAAV particles with a VP protein ratio similar to that of AAAV. Quantitative PCR showed that the insect cell-produced rAAAV yield was almost 25-fold higher than that produced by HEK293 cells. Fluorescent microscopy showed that the insect cell-produced rAAAV could transfer GFP reporter gene into two avian cell types with similar transfer efficiency to that of HEK293 cell-produced rAAAV. These data suggest that insect cell/baculovirus expression system could be used for scalable production of rAAAV, and the viral vector produced could be used as the gene transfer vehicle for avian cells.
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30
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Rapid, scalable, and low-cost purification of recombinant adeno-associated virus produced by baculovirus expression vector system. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16035. [PMID: 27226971 PMCID: PMC4867670 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are largely used for gene transfer in research, preclinical developments, and clinical trials. Their broad in vivo biodistribution and long-term efficacy in postmitotic tissues make them good candidates for numerous gene transfer applications. Upstream processes able to produce large amounts of rAAV were developed, particularly those using baculovirus expression vector system. In parallel, downstream processes present a large panel of purification methods, often including multiple and time consuming steps. Here, we show that simple tangential flow filtration, coupled with an optimized iodixanol-based isopycnic density gradient, is sufficient to purify several liters of crude lysate produced by baculovirus expression vector system in only one working day, leading to high titers and good purity of rAAV products. Moreover, we show that the viral vectors retain their in vitro and in vivo functionalities. Our results demonstrate that simple, rapid, and relatively low-cost methods can easily be implemented for obtaining a high-quality grade of gene therapy products based on rAAV technology.
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31
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Ultracentrifugation-free chromatography-mediated large-scale purification of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (rAAV1). MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:15058. [PMID: 26913289 PMCID: PMC4748944 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is an attractive tool for gene transfer and shows potential for use in human gene therapies. The current methods for the production and purification of rAAV from the transfected cell lysate are mainly based on cesium chloride and iodixanol density ultracentrifugation, although those are not scalable. Meanwhile, chromatography-based systems are more scalable. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel method for the production and purification of rAAV serotype 1 (rAAV1) from serum-free culture supernatant based on ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography to obtain highly purified products with an ultracentrifugation-free technique towards Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) production. The purified rAAV1 displayed three clear and sharp bands (VP1, VP2, and VP3) following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and more than 90% of rAAV1 particles contained fully packaged viral genomes according to negative-stain electron micrographic analysis. Consequently, the resultant genomic titer of the purified rAAV1 was 3.63 × 10(13) v.g./ml (the total titer was 4.17 × 10(13) v.g.) from the 4 × 10(9) HEK293 cells. This novel chromatography-based method will facilitate scale-up of manufacturing for clinical applications in gene therapy.
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32
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Emmerling VV, Fischer S, Stiefel F, Holzmann K, Handrick R, Hesse F, Hörer M, Kochanek S, Otte K. Temperature-sensitive miR-483 is a conserved regulator of recombinant protein and viral vector production in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:830-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena V. Emmerling
- Department of Gene Therapy; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
- Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH; Erwin-Rentschler-Str. 21; Laupheim Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology; Biberach University of Applied Sciences; Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35 88400 Biberach Germany
| | - Fabian Stiefel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology; Biberach University of Applied Sciences; Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35 88400 Biberach Germany
| | | | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology; Biberach University of Applied Sciences; Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35 88400 Biberach Germany
| | - Friedemann Hesse
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology; Biberach University of Applied Sciences; Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35 88400 Biberach Germany
| | - Markus Hörer
- Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH; Erwin-Rentschler-Str. 21; Laupheim Germany
- VBBio Consultant; Auf dem Berg 17; Laupheim Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology; Biberach University of Applied Sciences; Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35 88400 Biberach Germany
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33
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Simple downstream process based on detergent treatment improves yield and in vivo transduction efficacy of adeno-associated virus vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015. [PMID: 26207258 PMCID: PMC4502676 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are promising candidates for gene therapy approaches. The last two decades were particularly fruitful in terms of processes applied in the production and purification of this type of gene transfer vectors. This rapid technological evolution led to better yields and higher levels of vector purity. Recently, some reports showed that rAAV produced by transient tri-transfection method in adherent human embryonic kidney 293 cells can be harvested directly from supernatant, leading to easier and faster purification compared to classical virus extraction from cell pellets. Here, we compare these approaches with new vector recovery method using small quantity of detergent at the initial clarification step to treat the whole transfected cell culture. Coupled with tangential flow filtration and iodixanol-based isopycnic density gradient, this new method significantly increases rAAV yields and conserves high vector purity. Moreover, this approach leads to the reduction of the total process duration. Finally, the vectors maintain their functionality, showing unexpected higher in vitro and in vivo transduction efficacies. This new development in rAAV downstream process once more demonstrates the great capacity of these vectors to easily accommodate to large panel of methods, able to furthermore ameliorate their safety, functionality, and scalability.
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34
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Millet R, Jolinon N, Nguyen XN, Berger G, Cimarelli A, Greco A, Bertrand P, Odenthal M, Büning H, Salvetti A. Impact of the MRN Complex on Adeno-Associated Virus Integration and Replication during Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1. J Virol 2015; 89:6824-34. [PMID: 25903339 PMCID: PMC4468484 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00171-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a helper-dependent parvovirus that requires coinfection with adenovirus (AdV) or herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to replicate. In the absence of the helper virus, AAV can persist in an episomal or integrated form. Previous studies have analyzed the DNA damage response (DDR) induced upon AAV replication to understand how it controls AAV replication. In particular, it was shown that the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, a major player of the DDR induced by double-stranded DNA breaks and stalled replication forks, could negatively regulate AdV and AAV replication during coinfection. In contrast, MRN favors HSV-1 replication and is recruited to AAV replication compartments that are induced in the presence of HSV-1. In this study, we examined the role of MRN during AAV replication induced by HSV-1. Our results indicated that knockdown of MRN significantly reduced AAV DNA replication after coinfection with wild-type (wt) HSV-1 or HSV-1 with the polymerase deleted. This effect was specific to wt AAV, since it did not occur with recombinant AAV vectors. Positive regulation of AAV replication by MRN was dependent on its DNA tethering activity but did not require its nuclease activities. Importantly, knockdown of MRN also negatively regulated AAV integration within the human AAVS1 site, both in the presence and in the absence of HSV-1. Altogether, this work identifies a new function of MRN during integration of the AAV genome and demonstrates that this DNA repair complex positively regulates AAV replication in the presence of HSV-1. IMPORTANCE Viral DNA genomes trigger a DNA damage response (DDR), which can be either detrimental or beneficial for virus replication. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a defective parvovirus that requires the help of an unrelated virus such as adenovirus (AdV) or herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) for productive replication. Previous studies have demonstrated that the cellular Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, a sensor and regulator of the DDR, negatively regulates AAV replication during coinfection with AdV, which counteracts this effect by inactivating the complex. Here, we demonstrate that MRN positively regulates AAV replication during coinfection with HSV-1. Importantly, our study also indicates that MRN also favors integration of AAV genomes within the human AAVS1 site. Altogether, this work indicates that MRN differentially regulates AAV replication depending on the helper virus which is present and identifies a new function of this DNA repair complex during AAV integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Millet
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon 1, Lyon, France LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nelly Jolinon
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Xuan-Nhi Nguyen
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon 1, Lyon, France LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gregory Berger
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Cimarelli
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon 1, Lyon, France LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Greco
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon 1, Lyon, France LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- INSERM U967, CEA, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Sud, CEA DSV, Institut de Radiobiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Center for Molecular Medicine of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany German Center for Infection Research, Bonn-Cologne Partner Site, Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, UCB-Lyon 1, Lyon, France LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Werling NJ, Satkunanathan S, Thorpe R, Zhao Y. Systematic Comparison and Validation of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Methods for the Quantitation of Adeno-Associated Viral Products. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 26:82-92. [PMID: 25953194 PMCID: PMC4492554 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors show great promise for gene therapy because of their excellent safety profile; however, development of robust dose-determining assays for AAV has presented a significant challenge. With the ultimate goal of future harmonization and standardization of AAV dose determination assays, we systematically analyzed the influence of key variables, including sample preparation procedure, the choice of primers, and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) target sequences and calibration DNA conformation on the qPCR quantitation of AAV products. Our results emphasize the importance of designing qPCR primers and conducting sample preparation and demonstrate the need for extensive characterization, vigorous control, and use of reference materials in clinical dose determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jayne Werling
- Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC/Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency , Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG United Kingdom
| | - Stifani Satkunanathan
- Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC/Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency , Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG United Kingdom
| | - Robin Thorpe
- Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC/Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency , Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC/Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency , Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG United Kingdom
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Grosios K, Petry H, Lubelski J. Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy and Its Application to the Prevention and Personalised Treatment of Rare Diseases. Rare Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9214-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wright JF. Product-Related Impurities in Clinical-Grade Recombinant AAV Vectors: Characterization and Risk Assessment. Biomedicines 2014; 2:80-97. [PMID: 28548061 PMCID: PMC5423478 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors expressing therapeutic genes continue to demonstrate great promise for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and together with other gene transfer vectors represent an emerging new therapeutic paradigm comparable in potential impact on human health to that achieved by recombinant proteins and vaccines. A challenge for the current pipeline of AAV-based investigational products as they advance through clinical development is the identification, characterization and lot-to-lot control of the process- and product-related impurities present in even highly purified preparations. Especially challenging are AAV vector product-related impurities that closely resemble the vector itself and are, in some cases, without clear precedent in established biotherapeutic products. The determination of acceptable levels of these impurities in vectors prepared for human clinical product development, with the goal of new product licensure, requires careful risk and feasibility assessment. This review focuses primarily on the AAV product-related impurities that have been described in vectors prepared for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fraser Wright
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, ARC1216C, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, ARC1216C, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA .
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Chahal PS, Schulze E, Tran R, Montes J, Kamen AA. Production of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes by transient transfection of HEK293 cell suspension cultures for gene delivery. J Virol Methods 2013; 196:163-73. [PMID: 24239634 PMCID: PMC7113661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Transient transfection of HEK293 suspension cells efficiently produce AAV vectors. Nine different AAV serotypes were produced with yields of 1E+13 Vg/L. AAV2 and AAV6 produced in 3-L bioreactors gave yields comparable to shake-flasks. The process is cGMP compatible using serum-free media and HEK293 master cell bank. Industrialization of the process is possible for manufacturing AAV serotypes.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is being used successfully in gene therapy. Different serotypes of AAV target specific organs and tissues with high efficiency. There exists an increasing demand to manufacture various AAV serotypes in large quantities for pre-clinical and clinical trials. A generic and scalable method has been described in this study to efficiently produce AAV serotypes (AAV1-9) by transfection of a fully characterized cGMP HEK293SF cell line grown in suspension and serum-free medium. First, the production parameters were evaluated using AAV2 as a model serotype. Second, all nine AAV serotypes were produced successfully with yields of 1013 Vg/L cell culture. Subsequently, AAV2 and AAV6 serotypes were produced in 3-L controlled bioreactors where productions yielded up to 1013 Vg/L similar to the yields obtained in shake-flasks. For example, for AAV2 1013 Vg/L cell culture (6.8 × 1011 IVP/L) were measured between 48 and 64 h post transfection (hpt). During this period, the average cell specific AAV2 yields of 6800 Vg per cell and 460 IVP per cell were obtained with a Vg to IVP ratio of less than 20. Successful operations in bioreactors demonstrated the potential for scale-up and industrialization of this generic process for manufacturing AAV serotypes efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh Chahal
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada H4P2R2
| | - Erica Schulze
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada H4P2R2
| | - Rosa Tran
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada H4P2R2
| | - Johnny Montes
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada H4P2R2
| | - Amine A Kamen
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada H4P2R2.
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Doria M, Ferrara A, Auricchio A. AAV2/8 vectors purified from culture medium with a simple and rapid protocol transduce murine liver, muscle, and retina efficiently. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:392-8. [PMID: 24116943 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the production of some adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes, a large amount of vectors is found in the medium of producing cells. For their purification, previous protocols used tangential flow filtration (TFF) of the medium followed by iodixanol gradient centrifugation. Taking advantage of the higher purity of the medium than the cell-derived material as the source of AAV, we tested a simple method that combines production of large culture medium volumes containing AAV from cell stacks with medium clarification+TFF without further time-consuming and nonscalable centrifugation. To test this, we selected AAV2/8, which is emerging as a favored serotype for transduction of liver, muscle, and retina and abundantly found in the extracellular medium. We show that yields and in vitro infectivity of AAV2/8 vectors produced from the culture medium using this method are higher than those of vectors purified from the same cell lysate using a conventional CsCl2 gradient ultracentrifugation-based method, although purity appears inferior. In addition, we found that the transduction efficiency of AAV2/8 purified from medium was similar to that of AAV2/8 purified from the same cell lysate in the murine liver, muscle, and retina. Considering that the purification protocol from the medium we describe requires 3 hr as opposed to the 63 hr of a conventional two-round CsCl2-gradient ultracentrifugation+desalting, we conclude that TFF of the medium containing AAV2/8 represents a quick and scalable method to purify research-grade vectors for use in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Doria
- 1 Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Naples 80131, Italy
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Dong B, Moore AR, Dai J, Roberts S, Chu K, Kapranov P, Moss B, Xiao W. A concept of eliminating nonhomologous recombination for scalable and safe AAV vector generation for human gene therapy. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6609-17. [PMID: 23677609 PMCID: PMC3711426 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Scalable and efficient production of high-quality recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) for gene therapy remains a challenge despite recent clinical successes. We developed a new strategy for scalable and efficient rAAV production by sequestering the AAV helper genes and the rAAV vector DNA in two different subcellular compartments, made possible by using cytoplasmic vaccinia virus as a carrier for the AAV helper genes. For the first time, the contamination of replication-competent AAV particles (rcAAV) can be completely eliminated in theory by avoiding ubiquitous nonhomologous recombination. Vector DNA can be integrated into the host genomes or delivered by a nuclear targeting vector such as adenovirus. In suspension HeLa cells, the achieved vector yield per cell is similar to that from traditional triple-plasmid transfection method. The rcAAV contamination was undetectable at the limit of our assay. Furthermore, this new concept can be used not only for production of rAAV, but also for other DNA vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Altafaj X, Martín ED, Ortiz-Abalia J, Valderrama A, Lao-Peregrín C, Dierssen M, Fillat C. Normalization of Dyrk1A expression by AAV2/1-shDyrk1A attenuates hippocampal-dependent defects in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 52:117-27. [PMID: 23220201 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive dysfunctions of Down Syndrome (DS) individuals are the most disabling alterations caused by the trisomy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). In trisomic Ts65Dn mice, a genetic model for DS, the overexpression of HSA21 homologous genes has been associated with strong visuo-spatial cognitive alterations, ascribed to hippocampal dysfunction. In the present study, we evaluated whether the normalization of the expression levels of Dyrk1A (Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A), a candidate gene for DS, might correct hippocampal defects in Ts65Dn mice. In the hippocampus of 2 month-old Ts65Dn mice, such normalization was achieved through the stereotaxical injection of adeno-associated viruses containing a short hairpin RNA against Dyrk1A (AAV2/1-shDyrk1A) and a luciferase reporter gene. The injected hippocampi were efficiently transduced, as shown by bioluminescence in vivo imaging, luciferase activity quantification and immunohistochemical analysis. At the molecular level, viral infusion allowed the normalization of the targeted Dyrk1A expression, as well as of the key players of the MAPK/CREB pathway. The electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal slices from Ts65Dn mice injected with AAV2/1-shDyrk1A displayed attenuation of the synaptic plasticity defects of trisomic mice. In contrast, contralateral hippocampal injection with an AAV2/1 control virus containing a scrambled sequence, showed neither the normalization of Dyrk1A levels nor changes of synaptic plasticity. In the Morris water maze task, although long-term consolidation of the task was not achieved, treated Ts65Dn mice displayed initially a normalized thigmotactic behavior, similar to euploid littermates, indicating the partial improvement in their hippocampal-dependent search strategy. Taken together, these results show Dyrk1A as a critical player in the pathophysiology of DS and define Dyrk1A as a therapeutic target in adult trisomic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Altafaj
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.
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Brus M, Meurisse M, Gheusi G, Keller M, Lledo PM, Lévy F. Dynamics of olfactory and hippocampal neurogenesis in adult sheep. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:169-88. [PMID: 22700217 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although adult neurogenesis has been conserved in higher vertebrates such as primates and humans, timing of generation, migration, and differentiation of new neurons appears to differ from that in rodents. Sheep could represent an alternative model to studying neurogenesis in primates because they possess a brain as large as a macaque monkey and have a similar life span. By using a marker of cell division, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), in combination with several markers, the maturation time of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the main olfactory bulb (MOB) was determined in sheep. In addition, to establish the origin of adult-born neurons in the MOB, an adeno-associated virus that infects neural cells in the ovine brain was injected into the subventricular zone (SVZ). A migratory stream was indicated from the SVZ up to the MOB, consisting of neuroblasts that formed chain-like structures. Results also showed a long neuronal maturation time in both the DG and the MOB, similar to that in primates. The first new neurons were observed at 1 month in the DG and at 3 months in the MOB after BrdU injections. Thus, maturation of adult-born cells in both the DG and the MOB is much longer than that in rodents and resembles that in nonhuman primates. This study points out the importance of studying the features of adult neurogenesis in models other than rodents, especially for translational research for human cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brus
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Ploquin A, Szécsi J, Mathieu C, Guillaume V, Barateau V, Ong KC, Wong KT, Cosset FL, Horvat B, Salvetti A. Protection against henipavirus infection by use of recombinant adeno-associated virus-vector vaccines. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:469-78. [PMID: 23175762 PMCID: PMC7107322 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are closely related, recently emerged paramyxoviruses that are capable of causing considerable morbidity and mortality in several mammalian species, including humans. Henipavirus-specific vaccines are still commercially unavailable, and development of novel antiviral strategies to prevent lethal infections due to henipaviruses is highly desirable. Here we describe the development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vaccines expressing the NiV G protein. Characterization of these vaccines in mice demonstrated that a single intramuscular AAV injection was sufficient to induce a potent and long-lasting antibody response. Translational studies in hamsters further demonstrated that all vaccinated animals were protected against lethal challenge with NiV. In addition, this vaccine induced a cross-protective immune response that was able to protect 50% of the animals against a challenge by HeV. This study presents a new efficient vaccination strategy against henipaviruses and opens novel perspectives on the use of AAV vectors as vaccines against emergent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ploquin
- INSERM U758, 2Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Synthetic zinc finger repressors reduce mutant huntingtin expression in the brain of R6/2 mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E3136-45. [PMID: 23054839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206506109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by expanded CAG repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Although several palliative treatments are available, there is currently no cure and patients generally die 10-15 y after diagnosis. Several promising approaches for HD therapy are currently in development, including RNAi and antisense analogs. We developed a complementary strategy to test repression of mutant HTT with zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) in an HD model. We tested a "molecular tape measure" approach, using long artificial ZFP chains, designed to bind longer CAG repeats more strongly than shorter repeats. After optimization, stable ZFP expression in a model HD cell line reduced chromosomal expression of the mutant gene at both the protein and mRNA levels (95% and 78% reduction, respectively). This was achieved chromosomally in the context of endogenous mouse HTT genes, with variable CAG-repeat lengths. Shorter wild-type alleles, other genomic CAG-repeat genes, and neighboring genes were unaffected. In vivo, striatal adeno-associated virus viral delivery in R6/2 mice was efficient and revealed dose-dependent repression of mutant HTT in the brain (up to 60%). Furthermore, zinc finger repression was tested at several levels, resulting in protein aggregate reduction, reduced decline in rotarod performance, and alleviation of clasping in R6/2 mice, establishing a proof-of-principle for synthetic transcription factor repressors in the brain.
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Giannakopoulou D, Daguin-Nerrière V, Mitsacos A, Kouvelas ED, Neveu I, Giompres P, Brachet P. Ectopic expression of TrKA in the adult rat basal ganglia induces both nerve growth factor-dependent and -independent neuronal responses. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1507-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sugano H, Matsumoto T, Miyake K, Watanabe A, Iijima O, Migita M, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Fukunaga Y, Shimada T. Successful gene therapy in utero for lethal murine hypophosphatasia. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:399-406. [PMID: 22133046 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP), caused by mutations in the gene ALPL encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP), is an inherited systemic skeletal disease characterized by mineralization defects of bones and teeth. The clinical severity of HPP varies widely, from a lethal perinatal form to mild odontohypophosphatasia showing only dental manifestations. HPP model mice (Akp2(-/-)) phenotypically mimic the severe infantile form of human HPP; they appear normal at birth but die by 2 weeks of age because of growth failure, hypomineralization, and epileptic seizures. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of fetal gene therapy using the lethal HPP model mice. On day 15 of gestation, the fetuses of HPP model mice underwent transuterine intraperitoneal injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) expressing bone-targeted TNALP. Treated and delivered mice showed normal weight gain and seizure-free survival for at least 8 weeks. Vector sequence was detected in systemic organs including bone at 14 days of age. ALP activities in plasma and bone were consistently high. Enhanced mineralization was demonstrated on X-ray images of the chest and forepaw. Our data clearly demonstrate that systemic injection of AAV9 in utero is an effective strategy for the treatment of lethal HPP mice. Fetal gene therapy may be an important choice after prenatal diagnosis of life-threatening HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Sugano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
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Abstract
The use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors in gene therapy for preclinical studies in animal models and human clinical trials is increasing, as these vectors have been shown to be safe and to mediate persistent transgene expression in vivo. Constant improvement in rAAV manufacturing processes (upstream production and downstream purification) has paralleled this evolution to meet the needs for larger vector batches, higher vector titer, and improved vector quality and safety. This chapter provides an overview of existing production and purification systems used for adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, and the advantages and disadvantages of each system are outlined. Regulatory guidelines that apply to the use of these systems for clinical trials are also presented. The methods described are examples of protocols that have been utilized for establishing rAAV packaging cell lines, production of rAAV vectors using recombinant HSV infection, and for chromatographic purification of various AAV vector serotypes. A protocol for the production of clinical-grade rAAV type 2 vectors using transient transfection and centrifugation-based purification is also described.
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Galibert L, Merten OW. Latest developments in the large-scale production of adeno-associated virus vectors in insect cells toward the treatment of neuromuscular diseases. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 107 Suppl:S80-93. [PMID: 21784234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are gene vectors of choice for the development of gene therapy treatments for many rare diseases affecting various tissues including retina, central nervous system, liver, and muscle. The AAV based gene therapy approach became conceivable only after the development of easily scalable production systems including the Sf9 cell/baculovirus expression system. Since the establishment of the production of AAV in the Sf9/baculovirus system by the group of Rob Kotin, this new production system has largely been developed for optimizing the large scale production of different serotypes of AAV for preclinical and clinical purposes. Today this manufacturing system allows for the production of purified vector genome (vg) quantities of up to 2 × 10(15) for AAV1 using a 50L reactor and the scale up to larger reactor volumes is paralleled by a corresponding increase in the vector yield. This review presents the principles and achievements of the Sf9/baculovirus system for the production of AAV in comparison to other expression systems based on mammalian cells. In addition, new developments and improvements, which have not yet been implemented at a large scale, and perspectives for further optimization of this production system will be discussed. All of these achievements as well as further process intensifications are urgently needed for the production of clinical doses for the treatment of neuromuscular diseases for which estimated doses of up to 10(14)vg/kg body mass are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Galibert
- Généthon, Laboratory for Applied Vectorology and Innovation, 1 rue de l'Internationale, BP60, F-91002 Evry Cedex 2, France
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Matsumoto T, Miyake K, Yamamoto S, Orimo H, Miyake N, Odagaki Y, Adachi K, Iijima O, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Fukunaga Y, Shimada T. Rescue of severe infantile hypophosphatasia mice by AAV-mediated sustained expression of soluble alkaline phosphatase. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:1355-64. [PMID: 21388343 PMCID: PMC3225041 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disease caused by a deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP). The major symptom of human HPP is hypomineralization, rickets, or osteomalacia, although the clinical severity is highly variable. The phenotypes of TNALP knockout (Akp2(-/-)) mice mimic those of the severe infantile form of HPP. Akp2(-/-) mice appear normal at birth, but they develop growth failure, epileptic seizures, and hypomineralization and die by 20 days of age. Previously, we have shown that the phenotype of Akp2(-/-) mice can be prevented by enzyme replacement of bone-targeted TNALP in which deca-aspartates are linked to the C-terminus of soluble TNALP (TNALP-D10). In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) vectors that express various forms of TNALP, including TNALP-D10, soluble TNALP tagged with the Flag epitopes (TNALP-F), and native glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored TNALP (TNALP-N). A single intravenous injection of 5×10(10) vector genomes of AAV8-TNALP-D10 into Akp2(-/-) mice at day 1 resulted in prolonged survival and phenotypic correction. When AAV8-TNALP-F was injected into neonatal Akp2(-/-) mice, they also survived without epileptic seizures. Interestingly, survival effects were observed in some animals treated with AAV8-TNALP-N. All surviving Akp2(-/-) mice showed a healthy appearance and a normal activity with mature bone mineralization on X-rays. These results suggest that sustained alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma is essential and sufficient for the rescue of Akp2(-/-) mice. AAV8-mediated systemic gene therapy appears to be an effective treatment for the infantile form of human HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Seiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hideo Orimo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yuko Odagaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Osamu Iijima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Adriouch S, Franck E, Drouot L, Bonneau C, Jolinon N, Salvetti A, Boyer O. Improved Immunological Tolerance Following Combination Therapy with CTLA-4/Ig and AAV-Mediated PD-L1/2 Muscle Gene Transfer. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:199. [PMID: 22046170 PMCID: PMC3202221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially thought as being non-immunogenic, recombinant AAVs have emerged as efficient vector candidates for treating monogenic diseases. It is now clear however that they induce potent immune responses against transgene products which can lead to destruction of transduced cells. Therefore, developing strategies to circumvent these immune responses and facilitate long-term expression of transgenic therapeutic proteins is a main challenge in gene therapy. We evaluated herein a strategy to inhibit the undesirable immune activation that follows muscle gene transfer by administration of CTLA-4/Ig to block the costimulatory signals required early during immune priming and by using gene transfer of PD-1 ligands to inhibit T cell functions at the tissue sites. We provide the proof of principle that this combination immunoregulatory therapy targeting two non-redundant checkpoints of the immune response, i.e., priming and effector functions, can improve persistence of transduced cells in experimental settings where cytotoxic T cells escape initial blockade. Therefore, CTLA-4/Ig plus PD-L1/2 combination therapy represents a candidate approach to circumvent the bottleneck of immune responses directed toward transgene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Adriouch
- INSERM U905, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Rouen, France
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