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Sehit E, Yao G, Battocchio G, Radfar R, Trimpert J, Mroginski MA, Süssmuth R, Altintas Z. Computationally Designed Epitope-Mediated Imprinted Polymers versus Conventional Epitope Imprints for the Detection of Human Adenovirus in Water and Human Serum Samples. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1831-1841. [PMID: 38489767 PMCID: PMC11059108 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Detection of pathogenic viruses for point-of-care applications has attracted great attention since the COVID-19 pandemic. Current virus diagnostic tools are laborious and expensive, while requiring medically trained staff. Although user-friendly and cost-effective biosensors are utilized for virus detection, many of them rely on recognition elements that suffer major drawbacks. Herein, computationally designed epitope-imprinted polymers (eIPs) are conjugated with a portable piezoelectric sensing platform to establish a sensitive and robust biosensor for the human pathogenic adenovirus (HAdV). The template epitope is selected from the knob part of the HAdV capsid, ensuring surface accessibility. Computational simulations are performed to evaluate the conformational stability of the selected epitope. Further, molecular dynamics simulations are executed to investigate the interactions between the epitope and the different functional monomers for the smart design of eIPs. The HAdV epitope is imprinted via the solid-phase synthesis method to produce eIPs using in silico-selected ingredients. The synthetic receptors show a remarkable detection sensitivity (LOD: 102 pfu mL-1) and affinity (dissociation constant (Kd): 6.48 × 10-12 M) for HAdV. Moreover, the computational eIPs lead to around twofold improved binding behavior than the eIPs synthesized with a well-established conventional recipe. The proposed computational strategy holds enormous potential for the intelligent design of ultrasensitive imprinted polymer binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Sehit
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Guiyang Yao
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Battocchio
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rahil Radfar
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institute
of Virology, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria A. Mroginski
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich Süssmuth
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel
Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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2
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Benhaghnazar RL, Medina-Kauwe L. Adenovirus-Derived Nano-Capsid Platforms for Targeted Delivery and Penetration of Macromolecules into Resistant and Metastatic Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3240. [PMID: 37370850 PMCID: PMC10296971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular therapeutics such as nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins have the potential to overcome treatment barriers for cancer. For example, nucleic acid or peptide biologics may offer an alternative strategy for attacking otherwise undruggable therapeutic targets such as transcription factors and similar oncologic drivers. Delivery of biological therapeutics into tumor cells requires a robust system of cell penetration to access therapeutic targets within the cell interior. A highly effective means of accomplishing this may be borrowed from cell-penetrating pathogens such as viruses. In particular, the cell entry function of the adenovirus penton base capsid protein has been effective at penetrating tumor cells for the intracellular deposition of macromolecular therapies and membrane-impermeable drugs. Here, we provide an overview describing the evolution of tumor-targeted penton-base-derived nano-capsids as a framework for discussing the requirements for overcoming key barriers to macromolecular delivery. The development and pre-clinical testing of these proteins for therapeutic delivery has begun to also uncover the elusive mechanism underlying the membrane-penetrating function of the penton base. An understanding of this mechanism may unlock the potential for macromolecular therapeutics to be effectively delivered into cancer cells and to provide a treatment option for tumors resisting current clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lali Medina-Kauwe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Xiong J, Shi Y, Pan T, Lu D, He Z, Wang D, Li X, Zhu G, Li B, Xin H. Wake-Riding Effect-Inspired Opto-Hydrodynamic Diatombot for Non-Invasive Trapping and Removal of Nano-Biothreats. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301365. [PMID: 37012610 PMCID: PMC10288256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of nano-biothreats, such as viruses, mycoplasmas, and pathogenic bacteria, is widespread in cell cultures and greatly threatens many cell-based bio-analysis and biomanufacturing. However, non-invasive trapping and removal of such biothreats during cell culturing, particularly many precious cells, is of great challenge. Here, inspired by the wake-riding effect, a biocompatible opto-hydrodynamic diatombot (OHD) based on optical trapping navigated rotational diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin) for non-invasive trapping and removal of nano-biothreats is reported. Combining the opto-hydrodynamic effect and optical trapping, this rotational OHD enables the trapping of bio-targets down to sub-100 nm. Different nano-biothreats, such as adenoviruses, pathogenic bacteria, and mycoplasmas, are first demonstrated to be effectively trapped and removed by the OHD, without affecting culturing cells including precious cells such as hippocampal neurons. The removal efficiency is greatly enhanced via reconfigurable OHD array construction. Importantly, these OHDs show remarkable antibacterial capability, and further facilitate targeted gene delivery. This OHD serves as a smart micro-robotic platform for effective trapping and active removal of nano-biothreats in bio-microenvironments, and especially for cell culturing of many precious cells, with great promises for benefiting cell-based bio-analysis and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Dengyun Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Ziyi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Danning Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Guoshuai Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
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4
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Hickey JM, Jacob SI, Tait AS, Vahid FD, Barritt J, Rouse S, Douglas A, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Bracewell DG. Measurement of Adenovirus-Based Vector Heterogeneity. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:974-984. [PMID: 36563855 PMCID: PMC9767660 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors have become an important class of vaccines with the recent approval of Ebola and COVID-19 products. In-process quality attribute data collected during Adenovirus vector manufacturing has focused on particle concentration and infectivity ratios (based on viral genome: cell-based infectivity), and data suggest only a fraction of viral particles present in the final vaccine product are efficacious. To better understand this product heterogeneity, lab-scale preparations of two Adenovirus viral vectors, (Chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAdOx1) and Human adenovirus Type 5 (Ad5), were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different adenovirus morphologies were characterized, and the proportion of empty and full viral particles were quantified. These proportions showed a qualitative correlation with the sample's infectivity values. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) peptide mapping was used to identify key adenovirus proteins involved in viral maturation. Using peptide abundance analysis, a ∼5-fold change in L1 52/55k abundance was observed between low-(empty) and high-density (full) fractions taken from CsCl ultracentrifugation preparations of ChAdOx1 virus. The L1 52/55k viral protein is associated with DNA packaging and is cleaved during viral maturation, so it may be a marker for infective particles. TEM and LC-MS peptide mapping are promising higher-resolution analytical characterization tools to help differentiate between relative proportions of empty, non-infectious, and infectious viral particles as part of Adenovirus vector in-process monitoring, and these results are an encouraging initial step to better differentiate between the different product-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shaleem I Jacob
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew S Tait
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Joseph Barritt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Rouse
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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5
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Yang K, Feng S, Luo Z. Oncolytic Adenovirus, a New Treatment Strategy for Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123262. [PMID: 36552019 PMCID: PMC9775875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in males. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective strategy to inhibit tumour growth at early stages. However, 10~50% of cases are estimated to progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) which currently lacks effective treatments. Clinically, salvage treatment measures, such as endocrine therapy and chemotherapy, are mostly used for advanced prostate cancer, but their clinical outcomes are not ideal. When the existing clinical therapeutic methods can no longer inhibit the development of advanced prostate cancer, human adenovirus (HAdV)-based gene therapy and viral therapy present promising effects. Pre-clinical studies have shown its powerful oncolytic effect, and clinical studies are ongoing to further verify its effect and safety in prostate cancer treatment. Targeting the prostate by HAdV alone or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy sheds light on patients with castration-resistant and advanced prostate cancer. This review summarizes the advantages of oncolytic virus-mediated cancer therapy, strategies of HAdV modification, and existing preclinical and clinical investigations of HAdV-mediated gene therapy to further evaluate the potential of oncolytic adenovirus in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (K.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shenghui Feng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: (K.Y.); (Z.L.)
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6
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Adenovirus vector system: construction, history and therapeutic applications. Biotechniques 2022; 73:297-305. [DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the isolation of adenovirus (AdV) in 1953, AdVs have been used as vectors for various therapeutic purposes, such as gene therapy in cancers and other malignancies, vaccine development and delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 machinery. Over the years, several AdV vector modifications have been introduced, including fiber switching, incorporation of ligands in the viral capsid and hexon modification of the fiber, to improve the efficiency of AdV as a vector. CRISPR-Cas9 has recently been used for these modifications and is also used in other adeno-associated viruses. These modifications further allow the production of AdV libraries that display random peptides for the production of cancer-targeting AdV vectors. This review focuses on the common methods of AdV construction, changes in AdV tropism for the improvement of therapeutic efficiency and the role of AdV vectors in gene therapy, vaccine development and CRISPR-Cas9 delivery.
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7
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Hsp70 Inhibits the Replication of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 by Suppressing Viral Hexon with the Assistance of DnaJC7. J Virol 2022; 96:e0080722. [PMID: 35852354 PMCID: PMC9364783 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00807-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) infection results in serious hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in broilers, which has caused great economic losses to the poultry industry; however, the specific host responses to FAdV-4 remain unknown. In this study, we identified 141 high-confidence protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the main viral proteins (Hexon, Fiber 1, Fiber 2, and Penton bases) and host proteins via a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. We found that heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), the protein with the highest score, and its cofactor DnaJ heat shock protein 40 family member C7 (DnaJC7) could negatively regulate the replication of FAdV-4. Furthermore, the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of Hsp70 and the J domain of DnaJC7 were necessary for inhibiting FAdV-4 replication. We verified that DnaJC7 as a bridge could bind to Hsp70 and Hexon, assisting the indirect interaction between Hsp70 and Hexon. In addition, we found that FAdV-4 infection strongly induced the expression of autophagy proteins and cellular Hsp70 in a dose-dependent manner. Blockage of Hexon by Hsp70 overexpression was significantly reduced when the autophagy pathway was blocked by the specific inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Our results showed that Hsp70 was co-opted by DnaJC7 to interact with viral Hexon and inhibited Hexon through the autophagy pathway, leading to a considerable restriction of FAdV-4 replication. IMPORTANCE FAdV-4, as the main cause of HHS, has quickly spread all over the world in recent years, seriously threatening the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to identify the important host proteins that have the potential to regulate the life cycle of FAdV-4. We found that Hsp70 and DnaJC7 played crucial roles in regulating the amount of viral Hexon and extracellular viral titers. Moreover, we demonstrated that Hsp70 interacted with viral Hexon with the assistance of DnaJC7, followed by suppressing Hexon protein through the autophagy pathway. These results provide new insight into the role of the molecular chaperone complex Hsp70-DnaJC7 in FAdV-4 infection and suggest a novel strategy for anti-FAdV-4 drug development by targeting the specific interactions among Hsp70, DnaJC7 and Hexon.
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8
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Powers TW, Mullins EK, Zhang K, Binder JJ, Friese O, Runnels HA, Thompson LC. Identification of Recombinant Chimpanzee Adenovirus C68 Degradation Products Detected by AEX-HPLC. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:753481. [PMID: 35449595 PMCID: PMC9017566 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.753481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical tests represent important tools for the analytical control strategy of biotherapeutics. For adenoviral modalities, anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC) represents an important methodology, as it is able to simultaneously provide information on viral particle concentration, product purity and surface charge in a high-throughput manner. During product development of an adenoviral-based therapeutic, an accelerated stability study was performed and showed changes in each of the AEX-HPLC reportable attributes. These changes also correlated with a decrease in product infectivity prompting a detailed characterization of the impurity and mechanism of the surface charge change. Characterization experiments identified the impurity to be free hexon trimer, suggesting that capsid degradation could be contributing to both the impurity and reduced particle concentration. Additional mass spectrometry characterization identified deamidation of specific hexon residues to be associated with the external surface charge modification observed upon thermal stress conditions. To demonstrate a causal relationship between deamidation and surface charge changes observed by AEX-HPLC, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed. Through this effort, it was concluded that deamidation of asparagine 414 was responsible for the surface charge alteration observed in the AEX-HPLC profile but was not associated with the reduction in infectivity. Overall, this manuscript details critical characterization efforts conducted to enable understanding of a pivotal physicochemical test for adenoviral based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Powers
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Elise K. Mullins
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Kun Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joseph J. Binder
- Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Olga Friese
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Herbert A. Runnels
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Lawrence C. Thompson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Lawrence C. Thompson,
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9
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Mullins EK, Powers TW, Zobel J, Clawson KM, Barnes LF, Draper BE, Zou Q, Binder JJ, Dai S, Zhang K, Friese O, Runnels HA, Jarrold MF, Thompson LC. Characterization of Recombinant Chimpanzee Adenovirus C68 Low and High-Density Particles: Impact on Determination of Viral Particle Titer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:753480. [PMID: 34805110 PMCID: PMC8599148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.753480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed differential infectivity and product yield between two recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus C68 constructs whose primary difference was genome length. To determine a possible reason for this outcome, we characterized the proportion and composition of the empty and packaged capsids. Both analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and differential centrifugation sedimentation (DCS, a rapid and quantitative method for measuring adenoviral packaging variants) were employed for an initial assessment of genome packaging and showed multiple species whose abundance deviated between the virus builds but not manufacturing campaigns. Identity of the packaging variants was confirmed by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), the first known application of this technique to analyze adenovirus. The empty and packaged capsid populations were separated via preparative ultracentrifugation and then combined into a series of mixtures. These mixtures showed the oft-utilized denaturing A260 adenoviral particle titer method will underestimate the actual particle titer by as much as three-fold depending on the empty/full ratio. In contrast, liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection proves to be a superior viral particle titer methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Mullins
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Thomas W Powers
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Jim Zobel
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Kory M Clawson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Lauren F Barnes
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Qin Zou
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joseph J Binder
- Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapies, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stanley Dai
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kun Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Olga Friese
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Herbert A Runnels
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lawrence C Thompson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
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10
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Zhang J, Chen H, Chen C, Liu H, He Y, Zhao J, Yang P, Mao Q, Xia H. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells loaded with a novel oncolytic adenovirus carrying IL-24/endostatin enhances glioma therapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:26-38. [PMID: 33819529 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated gene therapy shows promise for cancer treatment; however, the systemic delivery of oncolytic adenovirus to tumors remains challenging. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as potential vehicles for improving delivery. Yet, because the oncolytic adenovirus replicates in MSCs, balancing MSC viability with viral load is key to achieving optimal therapeutic effect. We thus developed an all-in-one Tet-on system that can regulate replication of oncolytic adenovirus. Then, we loaded the novel oncolytic adenovirus carrying interleukin (IL)-24 and/or Endostatin in human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) for glioma therapy. In vitro assays demonstrated that this novel oncolytic adenovirus could efficiently replicate and kill glioma cells while sparing normal cells. Moreover, doxycycline effectively regulated oncolytic adenovirus replication in the hUCB-MSCs. The doxycycline induction group with dual expression of IL-24 and Endostatin exhibited significantly greater antitumor effects than other groups in a xenograft model of glioma. Thus, this strategy for systemic delivery of oncolytic adenovirus with its oncolytic activity controlled by a Tet-on system is a promising method for achieving antitumor efficacy in glioma, especially for metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China.
| | - Haimeng Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China.
| | - Yurou He
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China.
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China.
| | - Peiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China.
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China.
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11
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Yoshida H, Sato-Dahlman M, Hajeri P, Jacobsen K, Koodie L, Yanagiba C, Shanley R, Yamamoto M. Mutant myogenin promoter-controlled oncolytic adenovirus selectively kills PAX3-FOXO1-positive rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100997. [PMID: 33338875 PMCID: PMC7749408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene functions as a transactivator and increases expression of many cancer-related genes. These lead to metastases and other unfavorable outcomes for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) patients. In order to target ARMS with the PAX3-FOXO1 transactivator, we developed an Oncolytic Adenovirus (OAd) regulated by the myogenin (pMYOG) promoter with a mutation in the Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 binding site (mMEF2) in this study. The expression of MYOG in the two RMS cell lines (Rh30; PAX3-FOXO1-positive, RD; PAX3-FOXO1-negative) is about 1,000 times higher than normal skeletal muscle cell (SkMC). Ad5/3-pMYOG(S)-mMEF2 (short-length pMYOG-controlled OAd with mMEF2) showed strong replication and cytocidal effect in Rh30, but to a much lesser extent in RD. Ad5/3-pMYOG(S) (pMYOG-controlled OAd with native pMYOG) showed similar effects in RD and Rh30. Neither virus killed SkMC, indicating that Ad5/3-pMYOG(S)-mMEF2 selectively replicates and kills cells with PAX3-FOXO1. Additionally, Ad5/3-pMYOG(S)-mMEF2 showed replication and spread in vitro as well as tumor growth suppression and intratumoral viral spread in vivo, selectively in Rh30 not in RD. Our findings revealed that Ad5/3-pMYOG(S)-mMEF2 shows a promise as a safe and potent therapy to improve treatment in PAX3-FOXO1-positive ARMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Moos Tower 11-216, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Mizuho Sato-Dahlman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Moos Tower 11-216, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Praveensingh Hajeri
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Moos Tower 11-216, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kari Jacobsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Moos Tower 11-216, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Lisa Koodie
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Moos Tower 11-216, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Chikako Yanagiba
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Moos Tower 11-216, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ryan Shanley
- Masonic Cancer Center, Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Moos Tower 11-216, MMC195, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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12
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Abstract
Mutations in approximately 80 genes have been implicated as the cause of various genetic kidney diseases. However, gene delivery to kidney cells from the blood is inefficient because of the natural filtering functions of the glomerulus, and research into and development of gene therapy directed toward kidney disease has lagged behind as compared with hepatic, neuromuscular, and ocular gene therapy. This lack of progress is in spite of numerous genetic mouse models of human disease available to the research community and many vectors in existence that can theoretically deliver genes to kidney cells with high efficiency. In the past decade, several groups have begun to develop novel injection techniques in mice, such as retrograde ureter, renal vein, and direct subcapsular injections to help resolve the issue of gene delivery to the kidney through the blood. In addition, the ability to retarget vectors specifically toward kidney cells has been underutilized but shows promise. This review discusses how recent advances in gene delivery to the kidney and the field of gene therapy can leverage the wealth of knowledge of kidney genetics to work toward developing gene therapy products for patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael A Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Besson S, Vragniau C, Vassal-Stermann E, Dagher MC, Fender P. The Adenovirus Dodecahedron: Beyond the Platonic Story. Viruses 2020; 12:E718. [PMID: 32630840 PMCID: PMC7412204 DOI: 10.3390/v12070718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many geometric forms are found in nature, some of them adhering to mathematical laws or amazing aesthetic rules. One of the best-known examples in microbiology is the icosahedral shape of certain viruses with 20 triangular facets and 12 edges. What is less known, however, is that a complementary object displaying 12 faces and 20 edges called a 'dodecahedron' can be produced in huge amounts during certain adenovirus replication cycles. The decahedron was first described more than 50 years ago in the human adenovirus (HAdV3) viral cycle. Later on, the expression of this recombinant scaffold, combined with improvements in cryo-electron microscopy, made it possible to decipher the structural determinants underlying their architecture. Recently, this particle, which mimics viral entry, was used to fish the long elusive adenovirus receptor, desmoglein-2, which serves as a cellular docking for some adenovirus serotypes. This breakthrough enabled the understanding of the physiological role played by the dodecahedral particles, showing that icosahedral and dodecahedral particles live more than a simple platonic story. All these points are developed in this review, and the potential use of the dodecahedron in therapeutic development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Besson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat Enérgies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (C.V.); (E.V.-S.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Charles Vragniau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat Enérgies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (C.V.); (E.V.-S.); (M.C.D.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National Polytechnique Grenoble, Technique de l’ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité, TIMC-IMAG Bât Jean Roget Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Emilie Vassal-Stermann
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat Enérgies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (C.V.); (E.V.-S.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Marie Claire Dagher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat Enérgies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (C.V.); (E.V.-S.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Pascal Fender
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat Enérgies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (C.V.); (E.V.-S.); (M.C.D.)
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14
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Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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15
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Abstract
Während der Kindheit werden zumeist mehrere Adenovirusinfektionen mit jeweils wechselnden Typen durchgemacht. Das Spektrum der assoziierten Krankheitsbilder reicht von endemischen milden, selbstlimitierenden Infektionen des oberen Respirationstrakts über epidemische Gastroenteritis, Augeninfektionen und Zystitis bis hin zu atypischen Pneumonien und schweren Infektionen innerer Organe. Lebensbedrohlich sind die meisten Adenovirusinfektionen nicht, außer die seltenen Infektionen von Neugeborenen und die allerdings häufigen Infektion von Empfängern hämatopoetischer Stammzellen („disseminierte Erkrankung“).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heim
- Adenovirus Konsiliarlabor, Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Deutschland
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16
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Manikandan C, Kaushik A, Sen D. Viral vector: potential therapeutic for glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:270-279. [PMID: 31316136 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant primary brain tumour found in adults and is highlighted as the most devastating among all the other grades of glioma. Well-established standard treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, radiation and surgery, have resulted in modest improvement in the survival of patients. Hence, the arduous search for novel treatments backed by advancements in molecular biology still persists. Glioblastoma has many distinctive characteristics, which makes it a potential candidate for gene therapy. Gene therapy involves the delivery of genetic material of therapeutic use into tumour cells, which produces a specific antitumour response. Moreover, viruses stimulate a vigorous cytotoxic effect, they are easily modifiable and the inherent property of horizontal transfer of genetic material makes them valuable tools for genetic engineering. In this review, we have enlisted the various viral vectors employed in gene therapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceera Manikandan
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Akshita Kaushik
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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17
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Francini N, Cochrane D, Illingworth S, Purdie L, Mantovani G, Fisher K, Seymour LW, Spain SG, Alexander C. Polyvalent Diazonium Polymers Provide Efficient Protection of Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev from Neutralizing Antibodies while Maintaining Biological Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1244-1257. [PMID: 30874432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses offer many advantages for cancer therapy when administered directly to confined solid tumors. However, the systemic delivery of these viruses is problematic because of the host immune response, undesired interactions with blood components, and inherent targeting to the liver. Efficacy of systemically administered viruses has been improved by masking viral surface proteins with polymeric materials resulting in modulation of viral pharmacokinetic profile and accumulation in tumors in vivo. Here we describe a new class of polyvalent reactive polymer based on poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (polyHPMA) with diazonium reactive groups and their application in the modification of the chimeric group B oncolytic virus enadenotucirev (EnAd). A series of six copolymers with different chain lengths and density of reactive groups was synthesized and used to coat EnAd. Polymer coating was found to be extremely efficient with concentrations as low as 1 mg/mL resulting in complete (>99%) ablation of neutralizing antibody binding. Coating efficiency was found to be dependent on both chain length and reactive group density. Coated viruses were found to have reduced transfection activity both in vitro and in vivo, with greater protection against neutralizing antibodies resulting in lower transgene production. However, in the presence of neutralizing antibodies, some in vivo transgene expression was maintained for coated virus compared to the uncoated control. The decrease in transgene expression was found not to be solely due to lower cellular uptake but due to reduced unpackaging of the virus within the cells and reduced replication, indicating that the polymer coating does not cause permanent inactivation of the virus. These data suggest that virus activity may be modulated by the appropriate design of coating polymers while retaining protection against neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Francini
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Daniel Cochrane
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited , 4-10, The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 3YS , U.K
| | - Sam Illingworth
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited , 4-10, The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 3YS , U.K
| | - Laura Purdie
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Kerry Fisher
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited , 4-10, The Quadrant, Abingdon Science Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 3YS , U.K
- Department of Oncology , Old Road Campus Research Building , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Leonard W Seymour
- Department of Oncology , Old Road Campus Research Building , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Sebastian G Spain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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18
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Goradel NH, Mohajel N, Malekshahi ZV, Jahangiri S, Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Negahdari B, Arashkia A. Oncolytic adenovirus: A tool for cancer therapy in combination with other therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8636-8646. [PMID: 30515798 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses is an emerging area, in which viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor tissues without affecting healthy cells. Because of the advantages that adenoviruses (Ads) have over other viruses, they are more considered. To achieve tumor selectivity, two main modifications on Ads genome have been applied: small deletions and insertion of tissue- or tumor-specific promoters. Despite oncolytic adenoviruses ability in tumor cell lysis and immune responses stimulation, to further increase their antitumor effects, genomic modifications have been carried out including insertion of checkpoint inhibitors and antigenic or immunostimulatory molecules into the adenovirus genome and combination with dendritic cells and chemotherapeutic agents. This study reviews oncolytic adenoviruses structures, their antitumor efficacy in combination with other therapeutic strategies, and finally challenges around this treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Abstract
Cross-species transmission of viral pathogens is becoming an increasing problem for captive-animal facilities. This study highlights how animals in captivity are vulnerable to novel opportunistic pathogens, many of which do not result in straightforward diagnosis from symptoms and histopathology. In this study, a novel pathogen was suspected to have contributed to the death of a juvenile polar bear. HTS techniques were employed, and a novel Mastadenovirus was isolated. The virus was present in both the tissue and blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus at both the gene and genome levels revealed that it is highly divergent to other known mastadenoviruses. Overall, this study shows that animals in isolated conditions still come into contact with novel pathogens, and for many of these pathogens, the host reservoir and mode of transmission are yet to be determined. Polar bears in captivity can be exposed to opportunistic pathogens not present in their natural environments. A 4-month-old polar bear (Ursus maritimus) living in an isolated enclosure with his mother in the Tierpark Berlin, Berlin, Germany, was suffering from severe abdominal pain, mild diarrhea, and loss of appetite and died in early 2017. Histopathology revealed severe hepatic degeneration and necrosis without evidence of inflammation or inclusion bodies, although a viral infection had been suspected on the basis of the clinical signs. We searched for nucleic acids of pathogens by shotgun high-throughput sequencing (HTS) from genomic DNA and cDNA extracted from tissue and blood. We identified a novel Mastadenovirus and assembled a nearly complete genome from the shotgun sequences. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that viral DNA was present in various concentrations in all tissues examined and that the highest concentrations were found in blood. Viral culture did not yield cytopathic effects, but qPCR suggested that virus replication was sustained for up to three passages. Positive immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the virus was able to replicate in the cells during early passage. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus is highly divergent compared to other previously identified Mastadenovirus members and basal to most known viral clades. The virus was found only in the 4-month-old bear and not in other captive polar bears tested. We surmised, therefore, that the polar bear was infected from an unknown reservoir, illustrating that adenoviral diversity remains underestimated and that cross-species transmission of viruses can occur even under conditions of relative isolation. IMPORTANCE Cross-species transmission of viral pathogens is becoming an increasing problem for captive-animal facilities. This study highlights how animals in captivity are vulnerable to novel opportunistic pathogens, many of which do not result in straightforward diagnosis from symptoms and histopathology. In this study, a novel pathogen was suspected to have contributed to the death of a juvenile polar bear. HTS techniques were employed, and a novel Mastadenovirus was isolated. The virus was present in both the tissue and blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus at both the gene and genome levels revealed that it is highly divergent to other known mastadenoviruses. Overall, this study shows that animals in isolated conditions still come into contact with novel pathogens, and for many of these pathogens, the host reservoir and mode of transmission are yet to be determined.
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20
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Cryo-EM structure of the bacteriophage T4 isometric head at 3.3-Å resolution and its relevance to the assembly of icosahedral viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8184-E8193. [PMID: 28893988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708483114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3.3-Å cryo-EM structure of the 860-Å-diameter isometric mutant bacteriophage T4 capsid has been determined. WT T4 has a prolate capsid characterized by triangulation numbers (T numbers) Tend = 13 for end caps and Tmid = 20 for midsection. A mutation in the major capsid protein, gp23, produced T=13 icosahedral capsids. The capsid is stabilized by 660 copies of the outer capsid protein, Soc, which clamp adjacent gp23 hexamers. The occupancies of Soc molecules are proportional to the size of the angle between the planes of adjacent hexameric capsomers. The angle between adjacent hexameric capsomers is greatest around the fivefold vertices, where there is the largest deviation from a planar hexagonal array. Thus, the Soc molecules reinforce the structure where there is the greatest strain in the gp23 hexagonal lattice. Mutations that change the angles between adjacent capsomers affect the positions of the pentameric vertices, resulting in different triangulation numbers in bacteriophage T4. The analysis of the T4 mutant head assembly gives guidance to how other icosahedral viruses reproducibly assemble into capsids with a predetermined T number, although the influence of scaffolding proteins is also important.
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21
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Lu R, Zhang C, Piatkovsky M, Ulbricht M, Herzberg M, Nguyen TH. Improvement of virus removal using ultrafiltration membranes modified with grafted zwitterionic polymer hydrogels. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:86-94. [PMID: 28324709 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potable water reuse has been adopted by cities suffering water scarcity in recent years. The microbial safety in water reuse, especially with respect to pathogenic viruses, is still a concern for water consumers. Membrane filtration can achieve sufficient removal of pathogenic viruses without disinfection byproducts, but the required energy is intensive. In this study, we graft-polymerized zwitterionic SPP ([3-(methacryloylamino) propyl] dimethyl (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide) on a 150 kDa ultrafiltration polyethersulfone membrane to achieve a significantly higher virus removal. The redox-initiated graft-polymerization was performed in an aqueous solution during filtration of the monomer and initiators, allowing for functionalizing the membrane pores with hydrophilic polySPP. Bacteriophage MS2 and human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV-2) were used as surrogates for pathogenic human norovirus and human adenovirus. The grafting resulted in ∼18% loss of the membrane permeability but an increase of 4 log10 in HAdV-2 removal and 3 log10 in MS2 removal. The pristine and the grafted membranes were both conditioned with soluble microbial products (SMP) extracted from a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) in order to test the virus removal after fouling the membranes. After fouling, the HAdV-2 removal by the grafted membrane was 1 log10 higher than that of the pristine membrane. For MS2, the grafted membrane after fouling with SMP achieved an additional 5 log10 removal compared to the unmodified membrane. The simple graft-polymerization functionalization of commercialized membrane achieving enhanced virus removal efficiency highlights the promise of membrane filtration for pathogen control in potable water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Maria Piatkovsky
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel.
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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22
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Jing P, Cao S, Xiao S, Zhang X, Ke S, Ke F, Yu X, Wang L, Wang S, Luo Y, Zhong Z. Enhanced growth inhibition of prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo by a recombinant adenovirus-mediated dual-aptamer modified drug delivery system. Cancer Lett 2016; 383:230-242. [PMID: 27721020 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The peptide aptamer DUP-1 targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-negative cells, while the RNA aptamer A10-3.2 targets PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells. Moreover, the tumor-suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) effectively inhibit prostate cancer, and a recombinant adenovirus (Ad5) mediates high gene transfer efficiency. Here, we design a dual-aptamer modified tumor targeting gene and DOX delivery system mediated by recombinant adenovirus (A10-3.2(DOX)/DUP-1-PEG-Ad5, ADDP-Ad5). DUP-1 and A10-3.2 are connected to the adenovirus through polyethylene glycol (PEG), PTEN is integrated into Ad5, and DOX is embedded into the double chain of aptamer A10-3.2. The PEG-modification rate of Ad5 is 98.70 ± 2.43%. The DUP-1 and A10-3.2 modified products yield 80.40 ± 1.36% and 82.20 ± 2.14%, respectively. The uptake of ADDP-Ad5 and the expression of the reporter gene are enhanced by the system in PSMA-positive LNCaP and PSMA-negative PC3 human prostate cancer cells. ADDP-Ad5 significantly inhibits the cell growth of both LNCaP and PC3 cells. More importantly, ADDP-Ad5 is active in vivo against LNCaP and PC3 tumor xenografts and exhibits no significant toxicity to the mice. Therefore, ADDP-Ad5 may have clinical potential in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shuangli Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Siyun Ke
- Luzhou Senior High School, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Famin Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuling Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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23
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Ahi YS, Mittal SK. Components of Adenovirus Genome Packaging. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1503. [PMID: 27721809 PMCID: PMC5033970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are icosahedral viruses with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. Genome packaging in AdV is thought to be similar to that seen in dsDNA containing icosahedral bacteriophages and herpesviruses. Specific recognition of the AdV genome is mediated by a packaging domain located close to the left end of the viral genome and is mediated by the viral packaging machinery. Our understanding of the role of various components of the viral packaging machinery in AdV genome packaging has greatly advanced in recent years. Characterization of empty capsids assembled in the absence of one or more components involved in packaging, identification of the unique vertex, and demonstration of the role of IVa2, the putative packaging ATPase, in genome packaging have provided compelling evidence that AdVs follow a sequential assembly pathway. This review provides a detailed discussion on the functions of the various viral and cellular factors involved in AdV genome packaging. We conclude by briefly discussing the roles of the empty capsids, assembly intermediates, scaffolding proteins, portal vertex and DNA encapsidating enzymes in AdV assembly and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadvinder S Ahi
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
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Zhang C, Zhou D. Adenoviral vector-based strategies against infectious disease and cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2064-2074. [PMID: 27105067 PMCID: PMC4994731 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1165908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are widely employed against infectious diseases or cancers, as they can elicit specific antibody responses and T cell responses when they are armed with foreign genes as vaccine carriers, and induce apoptosis of the cancer cells when they are genetically modified for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of adenovirus (Ad) and the latest development of Ad vector-based strategies for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases or cancers. Strategies to circumvent the pre-existing neutralizing antibodies which dampen the immunogenicity of Ad-based vaccines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- a Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- a Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
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A Novel Vaccine Approach for Chagas Disease Using Rare Adenovirus Serotype 48 Vectors. Viruses 2016; 8:78. [PMID: 26978385 PMCID: PMC4810268 DOI: 10.3390/v8030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing amount of people afflicted worldwide with Chagas disease and an increasing prevalence in the United States, there is a greater need to develop a safe and effective vaccine for this neglected disease. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is the most common adenovirus vector used for gene therapy and vaccine approaches, but its efficacy is limited by preexisting vector immunity in humans resulting from natural infections. Therefore, we have employed rare serotype adenovirus 48 (Ad48) as an alternative choice for adenovirus/Chagas vaccine therapy. In this study, we modified Ad5 and Ad48 vectors to contain T. cruzi’s amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP-2) in the adenoviral early gene. We also modified Ad5 and Ad48 vectors to utilize the “Antigen Capsid-Incorporation” strategy by adding T. cruzi epitopes to protein IX (pIX). Mice that were immunized with the modified vectors were able to elicit T. cruzi-specific humoral and cellular responses. This study indicates that Ad48-modified vectors function comparable to or even premium to Ad5-modified vectors. This study provides novel data demonstrating that Ad48 can be used as a potential adenovirus vaccine vector against Chagas disease.
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Wu WH, Alkutkar T, Karanam B, Roden RBS, Ketner G, Ibeanu OA. Capsid display of a conserved human papillomavirus L2 peptide in the adenovirus 5 hexon protein: a candidate prophylactic hpv vaccine approach. Virol J 2015; 12:140. [PMID: 26362430 PMCID: PMC4566294 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection by any one of 15 high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types causes most invasive cervical cancers. Their oncogenic genome is encapsidated by L1 (major) and L2 (minor) coat proteins. Current HPV prophylactic vaccines are composed of L1 virus-like particles (VLP) that elicit type restricted immunity. An N-terminal region of L2 protein identified by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies comprises a protective epitope conserved among HPV types, but it is weakly immunogenic compared to L1 VLP. The major antigenic capsid protein of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is hexon which contains 9 hypervariable regions (HVRs) that form the immunodominant neutralizing epitopes. Insertion of weakly antigenic foreign B cell epitopes into these HVRs has shown promise in eliciting robust neutralizing antibody responses. Thus here we sought to generate a broadly protective prophylactic HPV vaccine candidate by inserting a conserved protective L2 epitope into the Ad5 hexon protein for VLP-like display. Methods Four recombinant adenoviruses were generated without significant compromise of viral replication by introduction of HPV16 amino acids L2 12–41 into Ad5 hexon, either by insertion into, or substitution of, either hexon HVR1 or HVR5. Results Vaccination of mice three times with each of these L2-recombinant adenoviruses induced similarly robust adenovirus-specific serum antibody but weak titers against L2. These L2-specific responses were enhanced by vaccination in the presence of alum and monophoryl lipid A adjuvant. Sera obtained after the third immunization exhibited low neutralizing antibody titers against HPV16 and HPV73. L2-recombinant adenovirus vaccination without adjuvant provided partial protection of mice against HPV16 challenge to either the vagina or skin. In contrast, vaccination with each L2-recombinant adenovirus formulated in adjuvant provided robust protection against vaginal challenge with HPV16, but not against HPV56. Conclusion We conclude that introduction of HPV16 L2 12–41 epitope into Ad5 hexon HVR1 or HVR5 is a feasible method of generating a protective HPV vaccine, but further optimization is required to strengthen the L2-specific response and broaden protection to the more diverse hrHPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Hong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tanwee Alkutkar
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Gary Ketner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Okechukwu A Ibeanu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kupgan G, Hentges DC, Muschinske NJ, Picking WD, Picking WL, Ramsey JD. The effect of fiber truncations on the stability of adenovirus type 5. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 56:979-91. [PMID: 24981329 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While fiberless adenovirus has the potential for use as a vaccine or gene delivery vector, some groups have observed instability issues associated with the modified virus. To investigate the effect of fiber modification on adenovirus stability, we produced mutant adenovirus particles that contained the tail and a portion of the shaft domain without the knob. The shaft domain was either completely removed (i.e., fiberless) or truncated to 7-, 14-, or 21-repeats. The mutants were evaluated by biophysical characterization techniques to determine their relative stabilities based on temperature-induced changes to the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of the virus and its constituent proteins. Data acquired using circular dichroism, intrinsic/extrinsic fluorescence, and static/dynamic light scattering were compiled into a comprehensive empirical phase diagram, which showed that native adenovirus was the most stable followed by fiberless adenovirus and then the mutants with truncated fiber protein. In summary, the individual biophysical measurements and the empirical phase diagram showed that providing several repeats of shaft protein negatively impacted the structural stability of the virus more so than completely removing the fiber protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Kupgan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 423 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Hansra S, Pujhari S, Zakhartchouk AN. Exploration of New Sites in Adenovirus Hexon for Foreign Peptides Insertion. Open Virol J 2015; 9:1-6. [PMID: 26069516 PMCID: PMC4460227 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901509010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are now being explored as vaccine carriers to prevent infectious diseases in humans and animals. There are two strategies aimed at the expression of a vaccine antigen by adenoviral vectors. The first includes an insertion of the foreign gene expression cassette into the E1 region. The second strategy is antigen incorporation into the viral capsid proteins. To extend this methodology, we have searched for new sites at the human adenovirus serotype 5 major capsid protein hexon for a vaccine antigen insertion. To this end, we utilized sites in the hexon hypervariable region (HVR) 7, 8 and 9 to display a 15-mer peptide containing the main neutralizing epitope of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. However, we could not rescue the viruses with the insertions of the peptide into HVR 8 and 9, consistent with the viruses being unable to tolerate insertions at these sites. In contrast, the virus with the insertion of the peptide in HVR 7 was viable - growing well in cell culture and the inserted peptide was exposed on the virion surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyender Hansra
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Sujit Pujhari
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Alexander N Zakhartchouk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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Thammasit P, Sangboonruang S, Suwanpairoj S, Khamaikawin W, Intasai N, Kasinrerk W, Tayapiwatana C, Tragoolpua K. Intracellular Acidosis Promotes Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway: Role of EMMPRIN Down-regulation via Specific Single-chain Fv Intrabody. J Cancer 2015; 6:276-86. [PMID: 25663946 PMCID: PMC4317764 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a human leukocyte surface molecule that is enriched on the surface of many cancer cells, and it plays an important role in proliferation and metastasis. In this study, we utilized the chimeric adenoviral vector Ad5/F35 carrying gene encoding scFv against EMMPRIN (scFv-M6-1B9) to down-regulate EMMPRIN cell surface expression and investigated programmed cell death response in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell, Caco-2. The scFv-M6-1B9 intrabody exhibits robust activity in reducing EMMPRIN cell surface expression. This approach led to the inducing of apoptosis, which was relative to the increasing of apoptotic bodies in sub-G1 peak, phosphatidylserine externalization, as well as TUNEL-positive cells. In addition, real-time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis indicated that apoptosis was enhanced through the mitochondrial pathway, a marked reduction of Bcl-2, leading to the translocation of cytochrome c and also the dramatic activation of caspase-3. Moreover, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a tumor marker for CRC, was found to have significantly diminished in both secreted protein and mRNA levels. In conclusion, these findings suggest that EMMPRIN down-regulation by scFv-M6-1B9 intrabody has great potential in enhancing the efficacy of apoptosis induction through the mitochondrial pathway and in effecting a decline in the CEA level. Thus, its benefits could be applied to project the future prospects for targeted gene therapy and therapeutic application in monitoring colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Thammasit
- 1. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirikwan Sangboonruang
- 1. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supattara Suwanpairoj
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wannisa Khamaikawin
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutjeera Intasai
- 3. Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ; 4. Biomedical Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ; 4. Biomedical Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ; 5. BioMedical Engineering Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khajornsak Tragoolpua
- 1. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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The adenovirus genome contributes to the structural stability of the virion. Viruses 2014; 6:3563-83. [PMID: 25254384 PMCID: PMC4189039 DOI: 10.3390/v6093563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) vectors are currently the most commonly used platform for therapeutic gene delivery in human gene therapy clinical trials. Although these vectors are effective, many researchers seek to further improve the safety and efficacy of Ad-based vectors through detailed characterization of basic Ad biology relevant to its function as a vector system. Most Ad vectors are deleted of key, or all, viral protein coding sequences, which functions to not only prevent virus replication but also increase the cloning capacity of the vector for foreign DNA. However, radical modifications to the genome size significantly decreases virion stability, suggesting that the virus genome plays a role in maintaining the physical stability of the Ad virion. Indeed, a similar relationship between genome size and virion stability has been noted for many viruses. This review discusses the impact of the genome size on Ad virion stability and emphasizes the need to consider this aspect of virus biology in Ad-based vector design.
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Castro MG, Candolfi M, Wilson TJ, Calinescu A, Paran C, Kamran N, Koschmann C, Moreno-Ayala MA, Assi H, Lowenstein PR. Adenoviral vector-mediated gene therapy for gliomas: coming of age. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1241-57. [PMID: 24773178 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.915307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and it carries a dismal prognosis. Adenoviral vector (Ad)-mediated gene transfer is being developed as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. Preclinical studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy of adenovirus administration into the brain and tumor mass in rodents and into the non-human primates' brain. Importantly, Ads have been safely administered within the tumor resection cavity in humans. AREAS COVERED This review gives background on GBM and Ads; we describe gene therapy strategies for GBM and discuss the value of combination approaches. Finally, we discuss the results of the human clinical trials for GBM that have used Ads. EXPERT OPINION The transduction characteristics of Ads, and their safety profile, added to their capacity to achieve high levels of transgene expression have made them powerful vectors for the treatment of GBM. Recent gene therapy successes in the treatment of retinal diseases and systemic brain metabolic diseases encourage the development of gene therapy for malignant glioma. Exciting clinical trials are currently recruiting patients; although, it is the large randomized Phase III controlled clinical trials that will provide the final decision on the success of gene therapy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Castro
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery , 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689 , USA +734 764 0850 ; +734 764 7051 ;
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32
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Castro MG, Candolfi M, Wilson TJ, Calinescu A, Paran C, Kamran N, Koschmann C, Moreno-Ayala MA, Assi H, Lowenstein PR. Adenoviral vector-mediated gene therapy for gliomas: coming of age. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014. [PMID: 24773178 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.91530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and it carries a dismal prognosis. Adenoviral vector (Ad)-mediated gene transfer is being developed as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. Preclinical studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy of adenovirus administration into the brain and tumor mass in rodents and into the non-human primates' brain. Importantly, Ads have been safely administered within the tumor resection cavity in humans. AREAS COVERED This review gives background on GBM and Ads; we describe gene therapy strategies for GBM and discuss the value of combination approaches. Finally, we discuss the results of the human clinical trials for GBM that have used Ads. EXPERT OPINION The transduction characteristics of Ads, and their safety profile, added to their capacity to achieve high levels of transgene expression have made them powerful vectors for the treatment of GBM. Recent gene therapy successes in the treatment of retinal diseases and systemic brain metabolic diseases encourage the development of gene therapy for malignant glioma. Exciting clinical trials are currently recruiting patients; although, it is the large randomized Phase III controlled clinical trials that will provide the final decision on the success of gene therapy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Castro
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery , 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689 , USA +734 764 0850 ; +734 764 7051 ;
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Majhen D, Calderon H, Chandra N, Fajardo CA, Rajan A, Alemany R, Custers J. Adenovirus-based vaccines for fighting infectious diseases and cancer: progress in the field. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:301-17. [PMID: 24580050 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of adenovirology is undergoing rapid change in response to increasing appreciation of the potential advantages of adenoviruses as the basis for new vaccines and as vectors for gene and cancer therapy. Substantial knowledge and understanding of adenoviruses at a molecular level has made their manipulation for use as vaccines and therapeutics relatively straightforward in comparison with other viral vectors. In this review we summarize the structure and life cycle of the adenovirus and focus on the use of adenovirus-based vectors in vaccines against infectious diseases and cancers. Strategies to overcome the problem of preexisting antiadenovirus immunity, which can hamper the immunogenicity of adenovirus-based vaccines, are discussed. When armed with tumor-associated antigens, replication-deficient and oncolytic adenoviruses can efficiently activate an antitumor immune response. We present concepts on how to use adenoviruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines and consider some of the strategies used to further improve antitumor immune responses. Studies that explore the prospect of adenoviruses as vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer are underway, and here we give an overview of the latest developments.
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Lagor WR, Johnston JC, Lock M, Vandenberghe LH, Rader DJ. Adeno-associated viruses as liver-directed gene delivery vehicles: focus on lipoprotein metabolism. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1027:273-307. [PMID: 23912992 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-369-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral vectors have proven to be excellent gene delivery vehicles for somatic overexpression. These viral vectors can efficiently and selectively target the liver, which plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism. Both liver-expressed as well as non-hepatic secreted proteins can be easily examined in different mouse models using this approach. The dosability of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, as well as their potential for long-term expression, makes them an excellent choice for assessing gene function in vivo. This section will cover the use of AAV to study lipoprotein metabolism-including vector design, virus production and purification, and viral delivery, as well as monitoring of transgene expression and resulting phenotypic changes. Practical information is provided to assist the investigator in designing, interpreting, and troubleshooting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Lagor
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schreiber J, Langhorst H, Jüttner R, Rathjen FG. The IgCAMs CAR, BT-IgSF, and CLMP: Structure, Function, and Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 8:21-45. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8090-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rao VR, Upadhyay AK, Kompella UB. pH shift assembly of adenoviral serotype 5 capsid protein nanosystems for enhanced delivery of nanoparticles, proteins and nucleic acids. J Control Release 2013; 172:341-350. [PMID: 24004886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Empty adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) capsids devoid of viral genome were developed as a novel delivery system for nanoparticles, proteins, and nucleic acids. Ad5 capsids of 110 nm diameter undergo an increase in particle size to 1637 nm in 1mM acetic acid at pH4.0 and then shrink to 60 nm, following pH reversal to 7.4. These pH shifts induced reversible changes in capsid zeta potential and secondary structure and irreversible changes in tertiary structure of capsid proteins. Using pH shift dependent changes in capsid size and structure, 20 nm fluorescent nanoparticles, FITC-BSA, and Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugated siRNA were encapsulated with high efficiency in Ad5 capsids, as confirmed by electron microscopy and/or flow cytometry. HEK cell uptake with capsid delivery system was 7.8-, 7.4-, and 2.9-fold greater for nanoparticles, FITC-BSA, and Alexa-siRNA, respectively, when compared to plain solutes. Physical mixtures of capsids and fluorescent solutes exhibited less capsid associated fluorescence intensity and cell uptake. Further, unlike physical mixture, pH shift assembled Ad5 capsids protected siRNA from RNase degradation. Ad5 capsids before and after pH shift exhibited endolysosomal escape. Thus, empty Ad5 capsids can encapsulate a variety of solutes based on pH shift assembly, resulting in enhanced cellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya R Rao
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Arun K Upadhyay
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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Schulte M, Sorkin M, Al-Benna S, Stupka J, Hirsch T, Daigeler A, Kesting MR, Steinau HU, Jacobsen F, Steinstraesser L. Innate immune response after adenoviral gene delivery into skin is mediated by AIM2, NALP3, DAI and mda5. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:234. [PMID: 23750330 PMCID: PMC3671105 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Methods for human skin gene therapy requires efficient and stable introduction of genes into skin cells. Transient cutaneous gene therapy is an attractive approach in the treatment of skin diseases. The ‘Achilles heel’ of adenoviral gene therapy is its immunogenicity and many aspects of adenovirus induced cutaneous immune reaction still remain unanswered, particularly the role of keratinocytes. Therefore, human keratinocytes were transfected with adenoviral DNA and cytokine expression was analyzed. Moreover, adenoviral transduction of full-skin was performed ex vivo and in vivo. We observed cytokine induction after cytoplasmatic internalization of adenoviral DNA into epidermal cells. Inhibition of AIM2, NALP3, DAI or mda5 downregulated the cytokine response. Transduction of immunocompetent mice led to a detectable transgene expression for 12 days. Re-application of the vector led to a decrease in intensity and duration of transgene expression limited to 4 days and an increased cytokine expression. In contrast, immunodeficient mice showed a reduced expression of cytokines after DNA internalization. AIM2, NALP3, DAI and mda5 are essential in the induction of an innate immune response towards adenoviral DNA. This immune reaction leads to a decrease in transduction efficiency of the vector after re-application and modulation of these receptor systems stabilizes transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schulte
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology and Wound Healing, Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Cerullo V, Koski A, Vähä-Koskela M, Hemminki A. Chapter eight--Oncolytic adenoviruses for cancer immunotherapy: data from mice, hamsters, and humans. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 115:265-318. [PMID: 23021247 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398342-8.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus is one of the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy and two products have already been approved for treatment of cancer in China (Gendicine(R) and Oncorine(R)). An intriguing aspect of oncolytic adenoviruses is that by their very nature they potently stimulate multiple arms of the immune system. Thus, combined tumor killing via oncolysis and inherent immunostimulatory properties in fact make these viruses in situ tumor vaccines. When further engineered to express cytokines, chemokines, tumor-associated antigens, or other immunomodulatory elements, they have been shown in various preclinical models to induce antigen-specific effector and memory responses, resulting both in full therapeutic cures and even induction of life-long tumor immunity. Here, we review the state of the art of oncolytic adenovirus, in the context of their capability to stimulate innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and finally how we can modify these viruses to direct the immune response toward cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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KIM SOY, KANG SUJIN, SONG JAEJ, KIM JOOHANG. The effectiveness of the oncolytic activity induced by Ad5/F35 adenoviral vector is dependent on the cumulative cellular conditions of survival and autophagy. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1337-48. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Irmak MK, Erdem U, Kubar A. Antiviral activity of salivary microRNAs for ophthalmic herpes zoster. Theor Biol Med Model 2012; 9:21. [PMID: 22676898 PMCID: PMC3422169 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic herpes zoster is a common ocular infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Viral mRNA transcripts play a major role in the replicative cycle of the virus and current antiviral agents have little effect in preventing and treating the complications. Therapeutic use of saliva for certain painful ocular diseases such as ophthalmic herpes zoster is a well-known public practice in our region. We thought that antiviral activity of saliva may stem from salivary microvesicles and we aimed to look for molecules with antiviral activity in these vesicles. As a possible candidate for antiviral activity, salivary microvesicles contain at least 20 microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, which suppress the translation of target mRNAs. miRNAs not only participate in maintenance of normal cell functions, but are also involved in host–virus interactions and limit the replication of certain virus types. Thus, miRNA gene therapy by targeting mRNAs required for VZV survival may find a niche in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes zoster. But, how could salivary microvesicles reach into the corneal cells to demonstrate their antiviral activity. We suggest that human salivary microvesicles can be effective carriers of miRNA for corneal cells, because they contain a molecular machinery for vesicle trafficking and fusion allowing them to be endocytosed by target cells. After binding to the plasma membrane, microvesicles seem to enter into the corneal cells through the clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In the cytosol, human salivary miRNAs base-pair with specific viral mRNAs and inhibit their translation, thus limiting the replication of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kemal Irmak
- High Council of Science, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Characterization of malleability and immunological properties of human adenovirus type 3 hexon hypervariable region 1. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1709-18. [PMID: 22669318 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) capsids that display exogenous epitopes can be potently immunogenic, eliciting a potent humoral response against components of the capsid. We used the epitopes flag, his(6)flag, his(6)lgsflag and AdV4HVR5 as model antigens to characterize the hexon hypervariable region (HVR) 1 as a site for epitope insertion. A peptide of up to 17 amino acids could be incorporated into HVR1 of the Ad3 hexon without adversely affecting the biological characteristics of the virus. Multiple vaccinations with capsid-modified Ad3 induced a humoral response against the epitope inserted in HVR1. However, antiserum against the his(6)flag or his(6)lgsflag epitope did not recognize glutathione S-transferase (GST)-his(6) and GST-flag fusion protein. Our study illustrates that there is an immune response against the new epitope within the amino acids of his(6)flag or his(6)lgsflag epitopes. This discovery could be a warning for the generation of multivalent vaccine vectors by incorporation of multiple epitopes into single HVRs.
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Bruder JT, Semenova E, Chen P, Limbach K, Patterson NB, Stefaniak ME, Konovalova S, Thomas C, Hamilton M, King CR, Richie TL, Doolan DL. Modification of Ad5 hexon hypervariable regions circumvents pre-existing Ad5 neutralizing antibodies and induces protective immune responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33920. [PMID: 22496772 PMCID: PMC3320611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective malaria vaccine is a high global health priority. Vaccine vectors based on adenovirus type 5 are capable of generating robust and protective T cell and antibody responses in animal models and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for HIV and malaria. They appear to be more effective in terms of inducing antigen-specific immune responses as compared with non-Ad5 serotype vectors. However, the high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to Ad5 in the human population, particularly in the developing world, has the potential to limit the effectiveness of Ad5-based vaccines. We have generated novel Ad5-based vectors that precisely replace the hexon hypervariable regions with those derived from Ad43, a subgroup D serotype with low prevalence of neutralizing antibody in humans. We have demonstrated that these hexon-modified adenovectors are not neutralized efficiently by Ad5 neutralizing antibodies in vitro using sera from mice, rabbits and human volunteers. We have also generated hexon-modified adenovectors that express a rodent malaria parasite antigen, PyCSP, and demonstrated that they are as immunogenic as an unmodified vector. Furthermore, in contrast to the unmodified vector, the hexon-modified adenovectors induced robust T cell responses in mice with high levels of Ad5 neutralizing antibody. We also show that the hexon-modified vector can be combined with unmodified Ad5 vector in prime-boost regimens to induce protective responses in mice. Our data establish that these hexon-modified vectors are highly immunogenic even in the presence of pre-existing anti-adenovirus antibodies. These hexon-modified adenovectors may have advantages in sub-Saharan Africa where there is a high prevalence of Ad5 neutralizing antibody in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Bruder
- Research, GenVec, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America.
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43
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Two adenovirus serotype 3 outbreaks associated with febrile respiratory disease and pharyngoconjunctival fever in children under 15 years of age in Hangzhou, China, during 2011. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:1879-88. [PMID: 22442311 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.06523-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 3 and 7 outbreaks have occurred periodically in northern, eastern, and southern China since 1955, but there has been no report since the adenovirus serotype 7 outbreak first occurred in Hangzhou, China, in 1991. Here we explored the epidemiology and etiology of two adenovirus serotype 3 outbreaks in Hangzhou in 2011. One acute respiratory outbreak was found in Chun'an County, where a total of 371 cases were confirmed in 5 of 23 towns from 4 to 31 May 2011. The outbreak affected 18.57% (13/70) of schools and 14.49% (90/621) of classes. The incidence was 5.18% (371/7,163). The population was distributed among individuals ages 7 to 15 years. No parents or teachers were infected. Another pharyngoconjunctival fever outbreak was discovered in the Chenjinglun Swimming Center located in the Xihu District between 1 and 15 July 2011. A total of 134 cases were confirmed in 900 amateur swimmers, with an incidence of 14.89% (134/900). The ages ranged from 4 to 9 years. The two outbreaks had no severe complications or death. The viruses in 66.67% (10/15) of throat swabs from children with acute respiratory infections and 100% (10/10) of the swabs from children with pharyngoconjunctival fever were confirmed to be adenovirus serotype 3 with 100% homology by PCR. Of these samples, 60.0% (12/20) had a classical characteristic cytopathic effect, presented as grape-like clusters at 72 h after infection in HEp-2 cells. In conclusion, the acute respiratory infection and pharyngoconjunctival fever outbreak in Hangzhou were caused by the completely homologous type 3 adenovirus in subgenus B. Moreover, these outbreaks demonstrated rapid transmission rates, possibly due to close contact and droplet transmission.
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Liu EB, Wadford DA, Seto J, Vu M, Hudson NR, Thrasher L, Torres S, Dyer DW, Chodosh J, Seto D, Jones MS. Computational and serologic analysis of novel and known viruses in species human adenovirus D in which serology and genomics do not correlate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33212. [PMID: 22427992 PMCID: PMC3302849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In November of 2007 a human adenovirus (HAdV) was isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample recovered from a biopsy of an AIDS patient who presented with fever, cough, tachycardia, and expiratory wheezes. To better understand the isolated virus, the genome was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatic and phylogenomic analysis. The results suggest that this novel virus, which is provisionally named HAdV-D59, may have been created from multiple recombination events. Specifically, the penton, hexon, and fiber genes have high nucleotide identity to HAdV-D19C, HAdV-D25, and HAdV-D56, respectively. Serological results demonstrated that HAdV-D59 has a neutralization profile that is similar yet not identical to that of HAdV-D25. Furthermore, we observed a two-fold difference between the ability of HAdV-D15 and HAdV-D25 to be neutralized by reciprocal antiserum indicating that the two hexon proteins may be more similar in epitopic conformation than previously assumed. In contrast, hexon loops 1 and 2 of HAdV-D15 and HAdV-D25 share 79.13 and 92.56 percent nucleotide identity, respectively. These data suggest that serology and genomics do not always correlate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Liu
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Debra A. Wadford
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Seto
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Maria Vu
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Nolan Ryan Hudson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, Fairfield, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Thrasher
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, Fairfield, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Torres
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, Fairfield, California, United States of America
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - James Chodosh
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donald Seto
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Morris S. Jones
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Full genome analysis of a novel adenovirus from the South Polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) in Antarctica. Virology 2011; 422:144-50. [PMID: 22078165 PMCID: PMC7111983 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses have been identified in humans and a wide range of vertebrate animals, but not previously from the polar region. Here, we report the entire 26,340-bp genome of a novel adenovirus, detected by PCR, in tissues of six of nine South Polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki), collected in Lake King Sejong, King George Island, Antarctica, from 2007 to 2009. The DNA polymerase, penton base, hexon and fiber genes of the South Polar skua adenovirus (SPSAdV) exhibited 68.3%, 75.4%, 74.9% and 48.0% nucleotide sequence similarity with their counterparts in turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the entire genome revealed that SPSAdV belonged to the genus Siadenovirus, family Adenoviridae. This is the first evidence of a novel adenovirus, SPSAdV, from a large polar seabird (family Stercorariidae) in Antarctica.
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Adenovirus serotype 5-specific neutralizing antibodies target multiple hexon hypervariable regions. J Virol 2011; 86:1267-72. [PMID: 22072746 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06165-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors has been shown to be suppressed by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) directed primarily against the hexon hypervariable regions (HVRs). We previously reported that replacing all seven HVRs with those from the rare serotype virus Ad48 resulted in a chimeric Ad5HVR48(1-7) vector that largely evaded preexisting Ad5 immunity in mice and rhesus monkeys. In this study, we evaluated the extent to which Ad5-specific NAbs are directed against various HVRs. We constructed partial HVR-chimeric Ad5 vectors with only a subset of HVRs exchanged, and we utilized these vectors in both NAb assays and murine immunogenicity studies with and without baseline Ad5 immunity. Our results demonstrate that Ad5-specific NAbs target multiple HVRs, suggesting that replacing all HVRs is required to optimize evasion of anti-Ad5 immunity. These data have important implications for the development of novel vectors for both vaccines and gene therapy.
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Aldhamen YA, Seregin SS, Amalfitano A. Immune recognition of gene transfer vectors: focus on adenovirus as a paradigm. Front Immunol 2011; 2:40. [PMID: 22566830 PMCID: PMC3342374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Adenovirus (Ad) based vectors have been utilized extensively as a gene transfer platform in multiple pre-clinical and clinical applications. These applications are numerous, and inclusive of both gene therapy and vaccine based approaches to human or animal diseases. The widespread utilization of these vectors in both animal models, as well as numerous human clinical trials (Ad-based vectors surpass all other gene transfer vectors relative to numbers of patients treated, as well as number of clinical trials overall), has shed light on how this virus vector interacts with both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The ability to generate and administer large amounts of this vector likely contributes not only to their ability to allow for highly efficient gene transfer, but also their elicitation of host immune responses to the vector and/or the transgene the vector expresses in vivo. These facts, coupled with utilization of several models that allow for full detection of these responses has predicted several observations made in human trials, an important point as lack of similar capabilities by other vector systems may prevent detection of such responses until only after human trials are initiated. Finally, induction of innate or adaptive immune responses by Ad vectors may be detrimental in one setting (i.e., gene therapy) and be entirely beneficial in another (i.e., prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine based applications). Herein, we review the current understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses to Ad vectors, as well some recent advances that attempt to capitalize on this understanding so as to further broaden the safe and efficient use of Ad-based gene transfer therapies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Ali Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
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Khare R, Chen CY, Weaver EA, Barry MA. Advances and future challenges in adenoviral vector pharmacology and targeting. Curr Gene Ther 2011; 11:241-58. [PMID: 21453281 PMCID: PMC3267160 DOI: 10.2174/156652311796150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus is a robust vector for therapeutic applications, but its use is limited by our understanding of its complex in vivo pharmacology. In this review we describe the necessity of identifying its natural, widespread, and multifaceted interactions with the host since this information will be crucial for efficiently redirecting virus into target cells. In the rational design of vectors, the notion of overcoming a sequence of viral "sinks" must be combined with re-targeting to target populations with capsid as well as shielding the vectors from pre-existing or toxic immune responses. It must also be noted that most known adenoviral pharmacology is deduced from the most commonly used serotypes, Ad5 and Ad2. However, these serotypes may not represent all adenoviruses, and may not even represent the most useful vectors for all purposes. Chimeras between Ad serotypes may become useful in engineering vectors that can selectively evade substantial viral traps, such as Kupffer cells, while retaining the robust qualities of Ad5. Similarly, vectorizing other Ad serotypes may become useful in avoiding immunity against Ad5 altogether. Taken together, this research on basic adenovirus biology will be necessary in developing vectors that interact more strategically with the host for the most optimal therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeti Khare
- Virology and Gene Therapy Program, Mayo Graduate School
| | - Christopher Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program
| | - Eric A Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Steinstraesser L, Sorkin M, Jacobsen F, Al-Benna S, Kesting MR, Niederbichler AD, Otte JM, Hirsch T, Stupka J, Steinau HU, Schulte M. Evaluation of signal transduction pathways after transient cutaneous adenoviral gene delivery. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:8. [PMID: 21255430 PMCID: PMC3037344 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenoviral vectors have provided effective methods for in vivo gene delivery in therapeutic applications. However, these vectors can induce immune responses that may severely affect the ability of vector re-application. There is limited information about the mechanisms and signal transduction pathways involved in adenoviral recognition. For optimization of cutaneous gene therapy it is necessary to investigate molecular mechanisms of virus recognition in epidermal cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the signal transduction of the innate immunity after adenoviral DNA internalization in keratinocytes. Methods In vitro, keratinocytes were transfected with DNA, in the presence and absence of inhibitors for signalling molecules. In vivo, immunocompetent and athymic mice (n = 3 per group) were twice transduced with an Ad-vector. Results The results show an acute induction of type-I-interferon after in vitro transfection. Inhibition of PI3K, p38 MAPK, JNK and NFkappaB resulted in a decreased expression of type-I-interferon. In contrast to immunocompetent mice, athymic mice demonstrated a constant transgene expression and reduced inflammatory response in vivo. Conclusion The results suggest an induction of the innate immunity triggered by cytoplasm localised DNA which is mediated by PI3K-, p38 MAPK-, JNK-, NFkappaB-, JAK/STAT- and ERK1/2-dependent pathways. A stable transgene expression and a reduced inflammatory response in immunodeficient mice have been observed. These results provide potential for an effective adenoviral gene delivery into immunosupressed skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Steinstraesser
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology and Wound Healing, Department of Plastic Surgery, Operative Reference Centre for Soft Tissue Sarcomas, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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