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Meister S, Plouffe DM, Kuhen KL, Bonamy GMC, Wu T, Barnes SW, Bopp SE, Borboa R, Bright AT, Che J, Cohen S, Dharia NV, Gagaring K, Gettayacamin M, Gordon P, Groessl T, Kato N, Lee MCS, McNamara CW, Fidock DA, Nagle A, Nam TG, Richmond W, Roland J, Rottmann M, Zhou B, Froissard P, Glynne RJ, Mazier D, Sattabongkot J, Schultz PG, Tuntland T, Walker JR, Zhou Y, Chatterjee A, Diagana TT, Winzeler EA. Imaging of Plasmodium liver stages to drive next-generation antimalarial drug discovery. Science 2011; 334:1372-7. [PMID: 22096101 PMCID: PMC3473092 DOI: 10.1126/science.1211936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Most malaria drug development focuses on parasite stages detected in red blood cells, even though, to achieve eradication, next-generation drugs active against both erythrocytic and exo-erythrocytic forms would be preferable. We applied a multifactorial approach to a set of >4000 commercially available compounds with previously demonstrated blood-stage activity (median inhibitory concentration < 1 micromolar) and identified chemical scaffolds with potent activity against both forms. From this screen, we identified an imidazolopiperazine scaffold series that was highly enriched among compounds active against Plasmodium liver stages. The orally bioavailable lead imidazolopiperazine confers complete causal prophylactic protection (15 milligrams/kilogram) in rodent models of malaria and shows potent in vivo blood-stage therapeutic activity. The open-source chemical tools resulting from our effort provide starting points for future drug discovery programs, as well as opportunities for researchers to investigate the biology of exo-erythrocytic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Meister
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David M Plouffe
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kelli L Kuhen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ghislain MC Bonamy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - S Whitney Barnes
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Selina E Bopp
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rachel Borboa
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - A Taylor Bright
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Steve Cohen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kerstin Gagaring
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Perry Gordon
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Todd Groessl
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nobutaka Kato
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Marcus CS Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Case W McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Advait Nagle
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tae-gyu Nam
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wendy Richmond
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jason Roland
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Matthias Rottmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Parasite Chemotherapy, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bin Zhou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Patrick Froissard
- INSERM, U945, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S511 Paris, France
| | - Richard J Glynne
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Dominique Mazier
- INSERM, U945, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S511 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tove Tuntland
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John R Walker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yingyao Zhou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Arnab Chatterjee
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Accelerated prion disease pathogenesis in Toll-like receptor 4 signaling-mutant mice. J Virol 2008; 82:10701-8. [PMID: 18715916 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00522-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases such as scrapie involve the accumulation of disease-specific prion protein, PrP(Sc), in the brain. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of proteins that recognize microbial constituents and are central players in host innate immune responses. The TLR9 agonist unmethylated CpG DNA was shown to prolong the scrapie incubation period in mice, suggesting that innate immune activation interferes with prion disease progression. Thus, it was predicted that ablation of TLR signaling would result in accelerated pathogenesis. C3H/HeJ (Tlr4(Lps-d)) mice, which possess a mutation in the TLR4 intracellular domain preventing TLR4 signaling, and strain-matched wild-type control (C3H/HeOuJ) mice were infected intracerebrally or intraperitoneally with various doses of scrapie inoculum. Incubation periods were significantly shortened in C3H/HeJ compared with C3H/HeOuJ mice, regardless of the route of infection or dose administered. At the clinical phase of disease, brain PrP(Sc) levels in the two strains of mice showed no significant differences by Western blotting. In addition, compared with macrophages from C3H/HeOuJ mice, those from C3H/HeJ mice were unresponsive to fibrillogenic PrP peptides (PrP residues 106 to 126 [PrP(106-126)] and PrP(118-135)) and the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide but not to the TLR2 agonist zymosan, as measured by cytokine production. These data confirm that innate immune activation via TLR signaling interferes with scrapie infection. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the scrapie pathogen, or a component(s) thereof, is capable of stimulating an innate immune response that is active in the central nervous system, since C3H/HeJ mice, which lack the response, exhibit shortened incubation periods following both intraperitoneal and intracerebral infections.
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Dunn-Siegrist I, Leger O, Daubeuf B, Poitevin Y, Dépis F, Herren S, Kosco-Vilbois M, Dean Y, Pugin J, Elson G. Pivotal involvement of Fcgamma receptor IIA in the neutralization of lipopolysaccharide signaling via a potent novel anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody 15C1. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34817-27. [PMID: 17921137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706440200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR) family has evolved to sense pathogens in the environment and protect the host against infection. TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria and induces a signaling cascade that, when exaggerated, has been associated with severe sepsis. We have generated a TLR4-specific monoclonal antibody, 15C1, which neutralizes LPS-induced TLR4 activation in a dose-dependent manner. 15C1 potently blocks the effects of LPS on a panel of primary cells and cell lines in vitro. The binding of 15C1 was mapped to an epitope in the second portion of the extracellular region of TLR4, which has been shown previously to be functionally important in the recognition of LPS. Furthermore, we demonstrate a novel mechanism of inhibition, as the effects of 15C1 are partially Fc-dependent, involving the regulatory Fcgamma receptor IIA (CD32A). In addition to introducing 15C1 as a potent clinical candidate for use in the treatment of LPS-mediated indications, our work demonstrates a newly discovered pathway whose manipulation is pivotal in achieving optimal neutralizing benefit.
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Ohta S, Bahrun U, Shimazu R, Matsushita H, Fukudome K, Kimoto M. Induction of long-term lipopolysaccharide tolerance by an agonistic monoclonal antibody to the toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 13:1131-6. [PMID: 17028215 PMCID: PMC1595322 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00173-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have established an agonistic monoclonal antibody, UT12, that induces stimulatory signals comparable to those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2. UT12 activated nuclear factor kappaB and induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peritoneal exudative cells. In addition, mice injected with UT12 rapidly fell into endotoxin shock concomitant with the augmentation of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, followed by death within 12 h. On the other hand, when the mice were pretreated with a sublethal dose of UT12, the mice survived the subsequent lethal LPS challenges, with significant suppression of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6, indicating that UT12 induced tolerance against LPS. This effect of UT12 was maintained for at least 9 days. In contrast, the tolerance induced by LPS continued for less than 3 days. These results illuminate a novel potential therapeutic strategy for endotoxin shock by the use of monoclonal antibodies against the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ohta
- Department of Immunology, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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