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Józsa L, Nemes D, Pető Á, Kósa D, Révész R, Bácskay I, Haimhoffer Á, Vasvári G. Recent Options and Techniques to Assess Improved Bioavailability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041146. [PMID: 37111632 PMCID: PMC10144798 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability assessment in the development phase of a drug product is vital to reveal the disadvantageous properties of the substance and the possible technological interventions. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies provide strong evidence for drug approval applications. Human and animal studies must be designed on the basis of preliminary biorelevant experiments in vitro and ex vivo. In this article, the authors have reviewed the recent methods and techniques from the last decade that are in use for assessing the bioavailability of drug molecules and the effects of technological modifications and drug delivery systems. Four main administration routes were selected: oral, transdermal, ocular, and nasal or inhalation. Three levels of methodologies were screened for each category: in vitro techniques with artificial membranes; cell culture, including monocultures and co-cultures; and finally, experiments where tissue or organ samples were used. Reproducibility, predictability, and level of acceptance by the regulatory organizations are summarized for the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Józsa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Nemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Pető
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kósa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Révész
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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2
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Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Rosário F, Moreira L, Reis AT, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Fraga S, Teixeira JP. Assessing the in vitro toxicity of airborne (nano)particles to the human respiratory system: from basic to advanced models. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:67-96. [PMID: 36692141 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2166638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to address the potential adverse health risks attributed to exposure to nanoscale materials. While in vivo studies are fundamental for identifying the relationship between dose and occurrence of adverse effects, in vitro model systems provide important information regarding the mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. With a special focus on exposure to inhaled (nano)particulate material toxicity assessment, this review provides an overview of the available human respiratory models and exposure systems for in vitro testing, advantages, limitations, and existing investigations using models of different complexity. A brief overview of the human respiratory system, pathway and fate of inhaled (nano)particles is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Rosário
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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3
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Rothen-Rutishauser B, Gibb M, He R, Petri-Fink A, Sayes CM. Human lung cell models to study aerosol delivery - considerations for model design and development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106337. [PMID: 36410570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human lung tissue models range from simple monolayer cultures to more advanced three-dimensional co-cultures. Each model system can address the interactions of different types of aerosols and the choice of the model and the mode of aerosol exposure depends on the relevant scenario, such as adverse outcomes and endpoints of interest. This review focuses on the functional, as well as structural, aspects of lung tissue from the upper airway to the distal alveolar compartments as this information is relevant for the design of a model as well as how the aerosol properties determine the interfacial properties with the respiratory wall. The most important aspects on how to design lung models are summarized with a focus on (i) choice of appropriate scaffold, (ii) selection of cell types for healthy and diseased lung models, (iii) use of culture condition and assembly, (iv) aerosol exposure methods, and (v) endpoints and verification process. Finally, remaining challenges and future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4 CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Ruiwen He
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4 CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4 CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA.
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4
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Moreau M, Fisher J, Andersen ME, Barnwell A, Corzine S, Ranade A, McMullen PD, Slattery SD. NAM-based Prediction of Point-of-contact Toxicity in the Lung: A Case Example With 1,3-dichloropropene. Toxicology 2022; 481:153340. [PMID: 36183849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Time, cost, ethical, and regulatory considerations surrounding in vivo testing methods render them insufficient to meet existing and future chemical safety testing demands. There is a need for the development of in vitro and in silico alternatives to replace traditional in vivo methods for inhalation toxicity assessment. Exposures of differentiated airway epithelial cultures to gases or aerosols at the air-liquid interface (ALI) can assess tissue responses and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation can align in vitro exposure levels with in-life exposures expected to give similar tissue exposures. Because the airway epithelium varies along its length, with various regions composed of different cell types, we have introduced a known toxic vapor to five human-derived, differentiated, in vitro airway epithelial cell culture models-MucilAir of nasal, tracheal, or bronchial origin, SmallAir, and EpiAlveolar-representing five regions of the airway epithelium-nasal, tracheal, bronchial, bronchiolar, and alveolar. We have monitored toxicity in these cultures 24hours after acute exposure using an assay for transepithelial conductance (for epithelial barrier integrity) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay (for cytotoxicity). Our vapor of choice in these experiments was 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-DCP). Finally, we have developed an airway dosimetry model for 1,3-DCP vapor to predict in vivo external exposure scenarios that would produce toxic local tissue concentrations as determined by in vitro experiments. Measured in vitro points of departure (PoDs) for all tested cell culture models were similar. Calculated rat equivalent inhaled concentrations varied by model according to position of the modeled tissue within the airway, with nasal respiratory tissue being the most proximal and most sensitive tissue, and alveolar epithelium being the most distal and least sensitive tissue. These predictions are qualitatively in accordance with empirically determined in vivo PoDs. The predicted PoD concentrations were close to, but slightly higher than, PoDs determined by in vivo subchronic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Moreau
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Jeff Fisher
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Melvin E Andersen
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Asayah Barnwell
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Sage Corzine
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Aarati Ranade
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Patrick D McMullen
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Scott D Slattery
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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5
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Balde A, Kim SK, Benjakul S, Nazeer RA. Pulmonary drug delivery applications of natural polysaccharide polymer derived nano/micro-carrier systems: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1464-1479. [PMID: 36116588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome and pneumothorax are the foremost causes of death as a result of the changing lifestyle and increasing air pollution. Numerous approaches have been studied for the pulmonary delivery of drugs, proteins as well as peptides using meso/nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and liposomes. These nano/microcarrier systems (NMCs) loaded with drug provide better systemic as well as local action. Furthermore, natural polysaccharide-based polymers such as chitosan (CS), alginate (AG), hyaluronic acid, dextran, and cellulose are highly used for the preparation of nanoparticles and delivery of the drug into the pulmonary tract due to their advantageous properties such as low toxicity, high hydrophobicity, supplementary mucociliary clearance, mucoadhesivity, and biological efficacy. These properties ease the delivery of drugs onto the targeted site. Herein, recent advances in the natural polymer-derived NMCs have been reviewed for their transport and mechanism of action into the bronchiolar region as well as the respiratory region. Various physicochemical properties such as surface charge, size of nanocarrier system, surface modifications, and toxicological effects of these nanocarriers in vitro and in vivo are elucidated as well. Furthermore, challenges faced for the preparation of a model NMCs for pulmonary drug delivery are also discoursed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshad Balde
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 11558, South Korea
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkhla University, 90112 Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
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6
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Daear W, Sule K, Lai P, Prenner EJ. Biophysical analysis of gelatin and PLGA nanoparticle interactions with complex biomimetic lung surfactant models. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27918-27932. [PMID: 36320247 PMCID: PMC9523518 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible materials are increasingly used for pulmonary drug delivery, and it is essential to understand their potential impact on the respiratory system, notably their effect on lung surfactant, a monolayer of lipids and proteins, responsible for preventing alveolar collapse during breathing cycles. We have developed a complex mimic of lung surfactant composed of eight lipids mixed in ratios reported for native lung surfactant. A synthetic peptide based on surfactant protein B was added to better mimic the biological system. This model was used to evaluate the impact of biocompatible gelatin and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. Surface pressure–area isotherms were used to assess lipid packing, film compressibility and stability, whereas the lateral organization was visualized by Brewster angle microscopy. Nanoparticles increased film fluidity and altered the monolayer collapse pressure. Bright protruding clusters formed in their presence indicate a significant impact on the lateral organization of the surfactant film. Altogether, this work indicates that biocompatible materials considered to be safe for drug delivery still need to be assessed for their potential detrimental impact before use in therapeutic applications Biodegradable nanoparticles drastically alters lateral organization of lung surfactant lipid- peptide model system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Daear
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - K. Sule
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - P. Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - E. J. Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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7
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Barreiro Carpio M, Dabaghi M, Ungureanu J, Kolb MR, Hirota JA, Moran-Mirabal JM. 3D Bioprinting Strategies, Challenges, and Opportunities to Model the Lung Tissue Microenvironment and Its Function. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:773511. [PMID: 34900964 PMCID: PMC8653950 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lungs are organs with an intricate hierarchical structure and complex composition; lungs also present heterogeneous mechanical properties that impose dynamic stress on different tissue components during the process of breathing. These physiological characteristics combined create a system that is challenging to model in vitro. Many efforts have been dedicated to develop reliable models that afford a better understanding of the structure of the lung and to study cell dynamics, disease evolution, and drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the lung. This review presents methodologies used to develop lung tissue models, highlighting their advantages and current limitations, focusing on 3D bioprinting as a promising set of technologies that can address current challenges. 3D bioprinting can be used to create 3D structures that are key to bridging the gap between current cell culture methods and living tissues. Thus, 3D bioprinting can produce lung tissue biomimetics that can be used to develop in vitro models and could eventually produce functional tissue for transplantation. Yet, printing functional synthetic tissues that recreate lung structure and function is still beyond the current capabilities of 3D bioprinting technology. Here, the current state of 3D bioprinting is described with a focus on key strategies that can be used to exploit the potential that this technology has to offer. Despite today's limitations, results show that 3D bioprinting has unexplored potential that may be accessible by optimizing bioink composition and looking at the printing process through a holistic and creative lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Ungureanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R. Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jose Manuel Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Terakosolphan W, Altharawi A, Poonprasartporn A, Harvey RD, Forbes B, Chan KLA. In vitro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the effect of glycerol on the uptake of beclomethasone dipropionate in living respiratory cells. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121118. [PMID: 34560211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of drug in living cells is of increasing interest in pharmaceutical research because of its importance in understanding drug efficacy and toxicity. Label-free in situ measurement methods are advantageous for their ability to obtain chemical and time profiles without the need of labelling or extraction steps. We have previously shown that Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has the potential to quantify drug in situ within living cells at micromolar level when a simple solution of drug was added to the medium. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the approach can evaluate more complex systems such as the effect of membrane modification by a formulation on drug uptakes. The inhaled corticosteroid, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), in Calu-3 respiratory epithelial cells in the absence and presence of glycerol, an excipient in some inhaled medicines was used as the model system. The FTIR method was first validated for limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) according to published guidelines and the LOQ was found to be ∼ 20 μM, good enough to quantify BDP in the living cell. The uptake of BDP by living Calu-3 cells was found to be reduced in the presence of glycerol as expected due to the stiffening of the cell membrane by the presence of glycerol in the formulation. This study demonstrates the valuable analytical capability of live-cell FTIR to study the effect of formulation on drug transport in lungs and to evaluate drug availability to intracellular targets. We conclude that FTIR has potential to contribute widely at the frontier of live-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachirun Terakosolphan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Richard D Harvey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - K L Andrew Chan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Mohtar N, Parumasivam T, Gazzali AM, Tan CS, Tan ML, Othman R, Fazalul Rahiman SS, Wahab HA. Advanced Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems and Their Cellular Evaluation for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3539. [PMID: 34298753 PMCID: PMC8303683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers, the number one cancer killer, can be broadly divided into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with NSCLC being the most commonly diagnosed type. Anticancer agents for NSCLC suffer from various limitations that can be partly overcome by the application of nanomedicines. Nanoparticles is a branch within nanomedicine that can improve the delivery of anticancer drugs, whilst ensuring the stability and sufficient bioavailability following administration. There are many publications available in the literature exploring different types of nanoparticles from different materials. The effectiveness of a treatment option needs to be validated in suitable in vitro and/or in vivo models. This includes the developed nanoparticles, to prove their safety and efficacy. Many researchers have turned towards in vitro models that use normal cells or specific cells from diseased tissues. However, in cellular works, the physiological dynamics that is available in the body could not be mimicked entirely, and hence, there is still possible development of false positive or false negative results from the in vitro models. This article provides an overview of NSCLC, the different nanoparticles available to date, and in vitro evaluation of the nanoparticles. Different types of cells suitable for in vitro study and the important precautions to limit the development of false results are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noratiqah Mohtar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Rozana Othman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Sarah Fazalul Rahiman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.M.); (T.P.); (A.M.G.); (C.S.T.); (M.L.T.); (H.A.W.)
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10
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Ng WL, Ayi TC, Liu YC, Sing SL, Yeong WY, Tan BH. Fabrication and Characterization of 3D Bioprinted Triple-layered Human Alveolar Lung Models. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:332. [PMID: 33997432 PMCID: PMC8114097 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of respiratory diseases caused by infectious pathogens has resulted in an increased demand for realistic in-vitro alveolar lung models to serve as suitable disease models. This demand has resulted in the fabrication of numerous two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro alveolar lung models. The ability to fabricate these 3D in-vitro alveolar lung models in an automated manner with high repeatability and reliability is important for potential scalable production. In this study, we reported the fabrication of human triple-layered alveolar lung models comprising of human lung epithelial cells, human endothelial cells, and human lung fibroblasts using the drop-on-demand (DOD) 3D bioprinting technique. The polyvinylpyrrolidone-based bio-inks and the use of a 300 mm nozzle diameter improved the repeatability of the bioprinting process by achieving consistent cell output over time using different human alveolar lung cells. The 3D bioprinted human triple-layered alveolar lung models were able to maintain cell viability with relative similar proliferation profile over time as compared to non-printed cells. This DOD 3D bioprinting platform offers an attractive tool for highly repeatable and scalable fabrication of 3D in-vitro human alveolar lung models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long Ng
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.,HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, 65 Nanyang Avenue, 637460, Singapore
| | - Teck Choon Ayi
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, 117510, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chun Liu
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, 117510, Singapore
| | - Swee Leong Sing
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.,HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, 65 Nanyang Avenue, 637460, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huan Tan
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, 117510, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
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11
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Marante T, Viegas C, Duarte I, Macedo AS, Fonte P. An Overview on Spray-Drying of Protein-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Dry Powder Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1032. [PMID: 33137954 PMCID: PMC7692719 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic proteins remains a challenge, despite recent technological advances. While the delivery of proteins to the lungs is the gold standard for topical and systemic therapy through the lungs, the issue still exists. While pulmonary delivery is highly attractive due to its non-invasive nature, large surface area, possibility of topical and systemic administration, and rapid absorption circumventing the first-pass effect, the absorption of therapeutic proteins is still ineffective, largely due to the immunological and physicochemical barriers of the lungs. Most studies using spray-drying for the nanoencapsulation of drugs focus on the delivery of conventional drugs, which are less susceptible to bioactivity loss, compared to proteins. Herein, the development of polymeric nanoparticles by spray-drying for the delivery of therapeutic proteins is reviewed with an emphasis on its advantages and challenges, and the techniques to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo performance. The protein stability within the carrier and the features of the carrier are properly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Marante
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.M.); (C.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Viegas
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.M.); (C.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana S. Macedo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences–Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Fonte
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.M.); (C.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
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12
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Investigation of drug dissolution and uptake from low-density DPI formulations in an impactor–integrated cell culture model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Drasler B, Karakocak BB, Tankus EB, Barosova H, Abe J, Sousa de Almeida M, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. An Inflamed Human Alveolar Model for Testing the Efficiency of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:987. [PMID: 32974315 PMCID: PMC7471931 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of prevalent lung diseases is associated with tissue inflammation. Clinically, corticosteroid therapies are applied systemically or via inhalation for the treatment of lung inflammation, and a number of novel therapies are being developed that require preclinical testing. In alveoli, macrophages and dendritic cells play a key role in initiating and diminishing pro-inflammatory reactions and, in particular, macrophage plasticity (M1 and M2 phenotypes shifts) has been reported to play a significant role in these reactions. Thus far, no studies with in vitro lung epithelial models have tested the comparison between systemic and direct pulmonary drug delivery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an inflamed human alveolar epithelium model and to test the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation in vitro with a corticosteroid, methylprednisolone (MP). A specific focus of the study was the macrophage phenotype shifts in response to these stimuli. First, human monocyte-derived macrophages were examined for phenotype shifts upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by treatment with MP. A multicellular human alveolar model, composed of macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, was then employed for the development of inflamed models. The models were used to test the anti-inflammatory potency of MP by monitoring the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-8, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and IL-1β) through four different approaches, mimicking clinical scenarios of inflammation and treatment. In macrophage monocultures, LPS stimulation shifted the phenotype towards M1, as demonstrated by increased release of IL-8 and TNF-α and altered expression of phenotype-associated surface markers (CD86, CD206). MP treatment of inflamed macrophages reversed the phenotype towards M2. In multicellular models, increased pro-inflammatory reactions after LPS exposure were observed, as demonstrated by protein secretion and gene expression measurements. In all scenarios, among the tested mediators the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of MP was observed for IL-8. Our findings demonstrate that our inflamed multicellular human lung model is a promising tool for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory potency of drug candidates in vitro. With the presented setup, our model allows a meaningful comparison of the systemic vs. inhalation administration routes for the evaluation of the efficacy of a drug in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drasler
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Esma Bahar Tankus
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hana Barosova
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Sousa de Almeida
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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14
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Hu Y, Sheng Y, Ji X, Liu P, Tang L, Chen G, Chen G. Comparative anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin at air-liquid interface and submerged conditions using lipopolysaccharide stimulated human lung epithelial A549 cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 63:101939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-Based Proteomics of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112718. [PMID: 32545386 PMCID: PMC7321193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying proteins in biological samples, outperforming conventional antibody-based methods in many aspects. LC-MS/MS-based proteomics studies have revealed the protein abundances of many drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in tissues relevant to drug metabolism and disposition. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated marked interindividual variability in DMET protein expression, suggesting that varied DMET function is an important contributing factor for interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of medications. Moreover, differential DMET expression profiles were observed across different species and in vitro models. Therefore, caution must be exercised when extrapolating animal and in vitro DMET proteomics findings to humans. In recent years, DMET proteomics has been increasingly utilized for the development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, and DMET proteins have also been proposed as biomarkers for prediction of the PK and PD of the corresponding substrate drugs. In sum, despite the existence of many challenges in the analytical technology and data analysis methods of LC-MS/MS-based proteomics, DMET proteomics holds great potential to advance our understanding of PK behavior at the individual level and to optimize treatment regimens via the DMET protein biomarker-guided precision pharmacotherapy.
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16
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Ehrmann S, Schmid O, Darquenne C, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Sznitman J, Yang L, Barosova H, Vecellio L, Mitchell J, Heuze-Vourc’h N. Innovative preclinical models for pulmonary drug delivery research. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:463-478. [PMID: 32057260 PMCID: PMC8083945 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1730807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary drug delivery is a complex field of research combining physics which drive aerosol transport and deposition and biology which underpins efficacy and toxicity of inhaled drugs. A myriad of preclinical methods, ranging from in-silico to in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo, can be implemented.Areas covered: The present review covers in-silico mathematical and computational fluid dynamics modelization of aerosol deposition, cascade impactor technology to estimated drug delivery and deposition, advanced in-vitro cell culture methods and associated aerosol exposure, lung-on-chip technology, ex-vivo modeling, in-vivo inhaled drug delivery, lung imaging, and longitudinal pharmacokinetic analysis.Expert opinion: No single preclinical model can be advocated; all methods are fundamentally complementary and should be implemented based on benefits and drawbacks to answer specific scientific questions. The overall best scientific strategy depends, among others, on the product under investigations, inhalation device design, disease of interest, clinical patient population, previous knowledge. Preclinical testing is not to be separated from clinical evaluation, as small proof-of-concept clinical studies or conversely large-scale clinical big data may inform preclinical testing. The extend of expertise required for such translational research is unlikely to be found in one single laboratory calling for the setup of multinational large-scale research consortiums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ehrmann
- CHRU Tours, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CIC INSERM 1415, CRICS-TriggerSep network, Tours France
- INSERM, Centre d’étude des pathologies respiratoires, U1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chantal Darquenne
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0623A, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, United States
| | | | - Josue Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Julius Silver building, Office 246, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Lin Yang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hana Barosova
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- INSERM, Centre d’étude des pathologies respiratoires, U1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jolyon Mitchell
- Jolyon Mitchell Inhaler Consulting Services Inc., 1154 St. Anthony Road, London, Ontario, Canada, N6H 2R1
| | - Nathalie Heuze-Vourc’h
- INSERM, Centre d’étude des pathologies respiratoires, U1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
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17
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Brovold M, Almeida JI, Pla-Palacín I, Sainz-Arnal P, Sánchez-Romero N, Rivas JJ, Almeida H, Dachary PR, Serrano-Aulló T, Soker S, Baptista PM. Naturally-Derived Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1077:421-449. [PMID: 30357702 PMCID: PMC7526297 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally-derived biomaterials have been used for decades in multiple regenerative medicine applications. From the simplest cell microcarriers made of collagen or alginate, to highly complex decellularized whole-organ scaffolds, these biomaterials represent a class of substances that is usually first in choice at the time of electing a functional and useful biomaterial. Hence, in this chapter we describe the several naturally-derived biomaterials used in tissue engineering applications and their classification, based on composition. We will also describe some of the present uses of the generated tissues like drug discovery, developmental biology, bioprinting and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brovold
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joana I Almeida
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iris Pla-Palacín
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Sainz-Arnal
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jesus J Rivas
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helen Almeida
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Royo Dachary
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Trinidad Serrano-Aulló
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research Network Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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18
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Powell J, Verdon B, Wilson JA, Simpson AJ, Pearson J, Ward C. Establishment of an immortalized human subglottic epithelial cell line. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:2640-2645. [PMID: 30623447 PMCID: PMC6849794 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Translational research into subglottic disease is restricted by the availability of primary human tissue originating from this subsite. Primary epithelial cells are also limited by their inability to survive beyond several divisions in culture outside of the body. Specific subglottic cell lines, useful for in vitro studies, have not yet been described. We therefore demonstrate what we believe to be the first immortalized subglottic epithelial cell line. Methods Subglottic tissue was derived from a single adult patient's neoplasia‐free human subglottic brushing specimen. Cells were immortalized using a lentiviral vector expressing simian virus 40 T antigen. Karyotyping was performed on the transformed cells using single nucleotide polymorphism array comparative genomic hybridization. Transformed cells were phenotypically characterized by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology studies. Results The immortalized subglottic cell line (SG01) was able to divide successfully beyond 20 passages. Karyotyping demonstrated no significant genomic imbalance after immortalization. The cells demonstrated normal epithelial morphology and cytokeratin expression throughout. SG01 cells were also successfully cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI). At ALI cells demonstrated cilia, mucus production, and relevant ion channel expression. Conclusion The novel SG01 subglottic epithelial cell line has been established. This cell line provides a unique resource for researchers to investigate subglottic diseases, such as subglottic stenosis. Level of Evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 129:2640–2645, 2019
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Powell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Verdon
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Janet A Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery Pearson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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19
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Vetten M, Gulumian M. Differences in uptake of 14 nm PEG-liganded gold nanoparticles into BEAS-2B cells is dependent on their functional groups. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 363:131-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Wang L, Li Z, Xu C, Qin J. Bioinspired Engineering of Organ-on-Chip Devices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:401-440. [PMID: 31713207 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human body can be viewed as an organism consisting of a variety of cellular and non-cellular materials interacting in a highly ordered manner. Its complex and hierarchical nature inspires the multi-level recapitulation of the human body in order to gain insights into the inner workings of life. While traditional cell culture models have led to new insights into the cellular microenvironment and biological control in vivo, deeper understanding of biological systems and human pathophysiology requires the development of novel model systems that allow for analysis of complex internal and external interactions within the cellular microenvironment in a more relevant organ context. Engineering organ-on-chip systems offers an unprecedented opportunity to unravel the complex and hierarchical nature of human organs. In this chapter, we first highlight the advances in microfluidic platforms that enable engineering of the cellular microenvironment and the transition from cells-on-chips to organs-on-chips. Then, we introduce the key features of the emerging organs-on-chips and their proof-of-concept applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the challenges and future outlooks of this state-of-the-art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Haque S, Md S, Whittaker M, Kaminskas LM. The Applications of 3D Printing in Pulmonary Drug Delivery and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:5072-5080. [PMID: 30520370 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666181206123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary diseases are the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide, however treatment and diagnosis of these diseases continue to be challenging due to the complex anatomical structure as well as physiological processes in the lungs. METHODS 3D printing is progressively finding new avenues in the medical field and this technology is constantly being used for diseases where diagnosis and treatment heavily rely on the thorough understanding of complex structural-physiology relationships. The structural and functional complexity of the pulmonary system makes it well suited to 3D printing technology. RESULTS 3D printing can be used to deconstruct the complex anatomy of the lungs and improve our understanding of its physiological mechanisms, cell interactions and pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases. Thus, this technology can be quite helpful in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, new drugs and devices for the treatment of lung diseases. CONCLUSION The intention of this review is to detail our current understanding of the applications of 3D printing in the design and evaluation of inhalable medicines and to provide an overview on its application in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. This review also discusses other technical and regulatory challenges associated with the progression of 3D printing into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadabul Haque
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Whittaker
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville VIC, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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22
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Bisig C, Voss C, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. The crux of positive controls - Pro-inflammatory responses in lung cell models. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:189-193. [PMID: 30290203 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Positive controls are an important feature in experimental studies as they show the responsiveness of the model under investigation. An often applied reagent for a pro-inflammatory stimulus is the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has been shown to induce a cytokine release by various cell cultures. The effect of LPS in monocultures of 16HBE14o-, a bronchial cell line, and of A549, an alveolar cell line, were compared in submerged and air-liquid interface cultures, as well as in co-cultures of the two epithelial cells with monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. The protein and mRNA levels of the two most relevant pro-inflammatory mediators, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and Interleukin 8 (CXCL8), were measured after 4 h and 24 h exposure. 16HBE14o- cells alone as well as in co-cultures are non-responsive to an LPS stimulus, but an already increased basal expression of both pro-inflammatory mediators after prolonged time in culture was observed. In contrary, A549 in monocultures showed increased CXCL8 production at the gene and protein level after LPS exposure, while TNF-levels were below detection limit. In A549 co-cultured with immune cells both mediators were upregulated. This study shows the importance of a careful evaluation of the culture system used, including the application of positive controls. In addition, the use of co-cultures with immune cells more adequately reflects the inflammatory response upon exposure to toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bisig
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carola Voss
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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23
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Medium throughput breathing human primary cell alveolus-on-chip model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14359. [PMID: 30254327 PMCID: PMC6156575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have the potential to improve drug development efficiency and decrease the need for animal testing. For the successful integration of these devices in research and industry, they must reproduce in vivo contexts as closely as possible and be easy to use. Here, we describe a ‘breathing’ lung-on-chip array equipped with a passive medium exchange mechanism that provide an in vivo-like environment to primary human lung alveolar cells (hAEpCs) and primary lung endothelial cells. This configuration allows the preservation of the phenotype and the function of hAEpCs for several days, the conservation of the epithelial barrier functionality, while enabling simple sampling of the supernatant from the basal chamber. In addition, the chip design increases experimental throughput and enables trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurements using standard equipment. Biological validation revealed that human primary alveolar type I (ATI) and type II-like (ATII) epithelial cells could be successfully cultured on the chip over multiple days. Moreover, the effect of the physiological cyclic strain showed that the epithelial barrier permeability was significantly affected. Long-term co-culture of primary human lung epithelial and endothelial cells demonstrated the potential of the lung-on-chip array for reproducible cell culture under physiological conditions. Thus, this breathing lung-on-chip array, in combination with patients’ primary ATI, ATII, and lung endothelial cells, has the potential to become a valuable tool for lung research, drug discovery and precision medicine.
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Tenenbaum-Katan J, Artzy-Schnirman A, Fishler R, Korin N, Sznitman J. Biomimetics of the pulmonary environment in vitro: A microfluidics perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042209. [PMID: 29887933 PMCID: PMC5973897 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The entire luminal surface of the lungs is populated with a complex yet confluent, uninterrupted airway epithelium in conjunction with an extracellular liquid lining layer that creates the air-liquid interface (ALI), a critical feature of healthy lungs. Motivated by lung disease modelling, cytotoxicity studies, and drug delivery assessments amongst other, in vitro setups have been traditionally conducted using macroscopic cultures of isolated airway cells under submerged conditions or instead using transwell inserts with permeable membranes to model the ALI architecture. Yet, such strategies continue to fall short of delivering a sufficiently realistic physiological in vitro airway environment that cohesively integrates at true-scale three essential pillars: morphological constraints (i.e., airway anatomy), physiological conditions (e.g., respiratory airflows), and biological functionality (e.g., cellular makeup). With the advent of microfluidic lung-on-chips, there have been tremendous efforts towards designing biomimetic airway models of the epithelial barrier, including the ALI, and leveraging such in vitro scaffolds as a gateway for pulmonary disease modelling and drug screening assays. Here, we review in vitro platforms mimicking the pulmonary environment and identify ongoing challenges in reconstituting accurate biological airway barriers that still widely prevent microfluidic systems from delivering mainstream assays for the end-user, as compared to macroscale in vitro cell cultures. We further discuss existing hurdles in scaling up current lung-on-chip designs, from single airway models to more physiologically realistic airway environments that are anticipated to deliver increasingly meaningful whole-organ functions, with an outlook on translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Rami Fishler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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Wang H, He L, Liu B, Feng Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Wang J, Gan Y, Yuan T, Wu M, Xie X, Feng Z. Establishment and comparison of air-liquid interface culture systems for primary and immortalized swine tracheal epithelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:10. [PMID: 29954317 PMCID: PMC6025731 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air-liquid interface (Ali) systems allow the establishment of a culture environment more representative of that in vivo than other culture systems. They are useful for performing mechanistic studies of respiratory epithelial cells as drug permeation barriers and can be used to study the interactions between hosts and respiratory pathogens. However, there have been few studies concerning Ali cultures of primary swine tracheal epithelial cells (STECs) and an immortalized STEC line, and the differences between these two systems remain poorly defined. Results In this study, we established Ali culture systems for primary STECs and for immortalized STEC line, and we systematically compared the differentiation capacities and immunological functions of these systems for the first time. Under Ali culture conditions, immortalized STEC line and primary STECs could survive for at least forty days, formed tight junctions and differentiated into stratified cells. They both possessed complete abilities to produce mucin and inflammatory cytokines and develop cilia. However, in contrast to primary STECs, which had a heterogeneous morphology, Ali-cultured immortalized STEC line appeared to be a homogenous population. The formation of tight junctions in Ali-cultured primary STECs was superior to that in immortalized STEC line. In addition, cilia in Ali-cultured immortalized STEC line were more pronounced, but their duration of expression was shorter than in primary STECs. Conclusions Ali-cultured primary STECs and immortalized STEC line systems possessing complete abilities to undergo ciliary differentiation and inflammatory cytokine production were established for the first time in this study, and several differences in morphology and the formation of tight junctions and cilia were observed between these two systems. These two systems will be important tools for drug screening studies, as well as for detailed analyses of the interactions between hosts and respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lina He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuzi Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Hoffmann W, Gradinaru J, Farcal L, Caul-Futy M, Huang S, Wiszniewski L, Parissis N, Morath S, Fortaner S, Cole T, Reginato E, Carrupt PA, Constant S, Coecke S. Establishment of a Human 3D Tissue-Based Assay for Upper Respiratory Tract Absorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Hoffmann
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
- University of Vienna, Institute of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julieta Gradinaru
- Pharmacochemistry Unit, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucian Farcal
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
- Douglas Connect GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Nikolaos Parissis
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
| | - Siegfried Morath
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
| | - Salvador Fortaner
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
| | - Thomas Cole
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
| | - Emilie Reginato
- Pharmacochemistry Unit, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- Pharmacochemistry Unit, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
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A slippery slope: On the origin, role and physiology of mucus. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:16-33. [PMID: 29108861 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, eyes, nose, lungs, cervix and vagina is lined by epithelium interspersed with mucus-secreting goblet cells, all of which contribute to their unique functions. This mucus provides an integral defence to the epithelium against noxious agents and pathogens. However, it can equally act as a barrier to drugs and delivery systems targeting epithelial passive and active transport mechanisms. This review highlights the various mucins expressed at different mucosal surfaces on the human body, and their role in creating a mucoid architecture to protect epithelia with specialized functions. Various factors compromising the barrier properties of mucus have been discussed, with an emphasis on how disease states and microbiota can alter the physical properties of mucus. For instance, Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium found in higher levels in the gut of lean individuals induces the production of a thickened gut mucus layer. The aims of this article are to elucidate the different physiological, biochemical and physical properties of bodily mucus, a keen appreciation of which will help circumvent the slippery slope of challenges faced in achieving effective mucosal drug and gene delivery.
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Schmid O, Jud C, Umehara Y, Mueller D, Bucholski A, Gruber F, Denk O, Egle R, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Biokinetics of Aerosolized Liposomal Ciclosporin A in Human Lung Cells In Vitro Using an Air-Liquid Cell Interface Exposure System. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:411-424. [PMID: 28683218 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2016.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of aerosolized drugs is a promising route for noninvasive targeted drug delivery to the lung. Nanocarrier systems such as liposomes have been explored for inhalation therapy opening new avenues, including stabilization of nonsoluble drugs (e.g., Ciclosporin A [CsA]) and controlled release. METHODS The biokinetic behavior of the immunosuppressive drug CsA encapsulated in liposomes (L-CsA) at the lung epithelial barrier was studied in vitro. Human lung epithelial cells (alveolar A549 and bronchial 16HBE14o- epithelial cells) were exposed to aerosolized L-CsA at the air-liquid interface (ALI) using a dose-controlled air-liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system and the temporal profile of the L-CsA dose in the apical, basal, and cell compartment was monitored up to 24 hours. RESULTS Aerosolization of different volumes of L-CsA solution with the ALICE resulted in dose-controlled, spatially uniform, and reproducible L-CsA delivery. Cell viability at 24 hours postexposure was not impaired and immunofluorescence staining revealed the typical epithelial cell morphology in control as well as in L-CsA-exposed cells. The (pro-)inflammatory interleukin-8 levels were not elevated under any condition. The biokinetic analysis revealed that both cell types formed a tight, but imperfect, barrier for L-CsA resulting in initially high transbarrier L-CsA transport rates, which ceased after about 4 hours. Although substantial transbarrier L-CsA transport was observed for both cell types, respectively, a 150-fold higher L-CsA concentration was established in the apical and cell compared to the basal compartment. Most importantly, for pulmonary drug targeting, a high cellular L-CsA dose level (20%-25% of the delivered dose) was obtained rapidly (<1 hour) and maintained for at least 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS The ALICE system combined with lung epithelial cells cultured at the ALI offers a reliable and relevant in vitro platform technology to study the effects of inhalable substances such as L-CsA under biomimetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Schmid
- 1 Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich, Germany .,2 Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Corinne Jud
- 3 BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yuki Umehara
- 3 BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- 3 BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
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29
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Novel approach to study the cardiovascular effects and mechanism of action of urban particulate matter using lung epithelial-endothelial tetra-culture system. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 38:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Lewinski NA, Liu NJ, Asimakopoulou A, Papaioannou E, Konstandopoulos A, Riediker M. Air-Liquid Interface Cell Exposures to Nanoparticle Aerosols. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1570:301-313. [PMID: 28238146 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6840-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The field of nanomedicine is steadily growing and several nanomedicines are currently approved for clinical use with even more in the pipeline. Yet, while the use of nanotechnology to improve targeted drug delivery to the lungs has received some attention, the use of nanoparticles for inhalation drug delivery has not yet resulted in successful translation to market as compared to intravenous drug delivery. The reasons behind the lack of inhaled nanomedicines approved for clinical use or under preclinical development are unclear, but challenges related to safety are likely to contribute. Although inhalation toxicology studies often begin using animal models, there has been an increase in the development and use of in vitro air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure systems for toxicity testing of engineered nanoparticle aerosols, which will be useful for rapid testing of candidate substances and formulations. This chapter describes an ALI cell exposure assay for measuring toxicological effects, specifically cell viability and oxidative stress, resulting from exposure to aerosols containing nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassja A Lewinski
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Nathan J Liu
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eleni Papaioannou
- Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory, CPERI/CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Konstandopoulos
- Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory, CPERI/CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Riediker
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SAFENANO, IOM Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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A Triple Co-Culture Model of the Human Respiratory Tract to Study Immune-Modulatory Effects of Liposomes and Virosomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163539. [PMID: 27685460 PMCID: PMC5042471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract with its ease of access, vast surface area and dense network of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) represents an ideal target for immune-modulation. Bio-mimetic nanocarriers such as virosomes may provide immunomodulatory properties to treat diseases such as allergic asthma. In our study we employed a triple co-culture model of epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells to simulate the human airway barrier. The epithelial cell line 16HBE was grown on inserts and supplemented with human blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and dendritic cells (MDDCs) for exposure to influenza virosomes and liposomes. Additionally, primary human nasal epithelial cells (PHNEC) and EpCAM+ epithelial progenitor cell mono-cultures were utilized to simulate epithelium from large and smaller airways, respectively. To assess particle uptake and phenotype change, cell cultures were analyzed by flow cytometry and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA. All cell types internalized virosomes more efficiently than liposomes in both mono- and co-cultures. APCs like MDMs and MDDCs showed the highest uptake capacity. Virosome and liposome treatment caused a moderate degree of activation in MDDCs from mono-cultures and induced an increased cytokine production in co-cultures. In epithelial cells, virosome uptake was increased compared to liposomes in both mono- and co-cultures with EpCAM+ epithelial progenitor cells showing highest uptake capacity. In conclusion, all cell types successfully internalized both nanocarriers with virosomes being taken up by a higher proportion of cells and at a higher rate inducing limited activation of MDDCs. Thus virosomes may represent ideal carrier antigen systems to modulate mucosal immune responses in the respiratory tract without causing excessive inflammatory changes.
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32
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Steiner S, Bisig C, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Diesel exhaust: current knowledge of adverse effects and underlying cellular mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1541-53. [PMID: 27165416 PMCID: PMC4894930 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diesel engine emissions are among the most prevalent anthropogenic pollutants worldwide, and with the growing popularity of diesel-fueled engines in the private transportation sector, they are becoming increasingly widespread in densely populated urban regions. However, a large number of toxicological studies clearly show that diesel engine emissions profoundly affect human health. Thus the interest in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects is large, especially concerning the nature of the components of diesel exhaust responsible for the effects and how they could be eliminated from the exhaust. This review describes the fundamental properties of diesel exhaust as well as the human respiratory tract and concludes that adverse health effects of diesel exhaust not only emerge from its chemical composition, but also from the interplay between its physical properties, the physiological and cellular properties, and function of the human respiratory tract. Furthermore, the primary molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by diesel exhaust exposure, as well as the fundamentals of the methods for toxicological testing of diesel exhaust toxicity, are described. The key aspects of adverse effects induced by diesel exhaust exposure described herein will be important for regulators to support or ban certain technologies or to legitimate incentives for the development of promising new technologies such as catalytic diesel particle filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Parumasivam T, Chang RYK, Abdelghany S, Ye TT, Britton WJ, Chan HK. Dry powder inhalable formulations for anti-tubercular therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:83-101. [PMID: 27212477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an intracellular infectious disease caused by the airborne bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite considerable research efforts, the treatment of TB continues to be a great challenge in part due to the requirement of prolonged therapy with multiple high-dose drugs and associated side effects. The delivery of pharmacological agents directly to the respiratory system, following the natural route of infection, represents a logical therapeutic approach for treatment or vaccination against TB. Pulmonary delivery is non-invasive, avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver and enables targeting of therapeutic agents to the infection site. Inhaled delivery also potentially reduces the dose requirement and the accompanying side effects. Dry powder is a stable formulation of drug that can be stored without refrigeration compared to liquids and suspensions. The dry powder inhalers are easy to use and suitable for high-dose formulations. This review focuses on the current innovations of inhalable dry powder formulations of drug and vaccine delivery for TB, including the powder production method, preclinical and clinical evaluations of inhaled dry powder over the last decade. Finally, the risks associated with pulmonary therapy are addressed. A novel dry powder formulation with high percentages of respirable particles coupled with a cost effective inhaler device is an appealing platform for TB drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sharif Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 1192, Jordan
| | - Tian Tian Ye
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Warwick John Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Papazian D, Würtzen PA, Hansen SWK. Polarized Airway Epithelial Models for Immunological Co-Culture Studies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:1-21. [PMID: 27240620 DOI: 10.1159/000445833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line all cavities and surfaces throughout the body and play a substantial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Asthma and other atopic diseases are increasing worldwide and allergic disorders are hypothesized to be a consequence of a combination of dysregulation of the epithelial response towards environmental antigens and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammation and T cell-derived immune responses. In vivo animal models have long been used to study immune homeostasis of the airways but are limited by species restriction and lack of exposure to a natural environment of both potential allergens and microflora. Limitations of these models prompt a need to develop new human cell-based in vitro models. A variety of co-culture systems for modelling the respiratory epithelium exist and are available to the scientific community. The models have become increasingly sophisticated and specific care needs to be taken with regard to cell types, culture medium and culture models, depending on the aim of the study. Although great strides have been made, there is still a need for further optimization, and optimally also for standardization, in order for in vitro co-culture models to become powerful tools in the discovery of key molecules dictating immunity and/or tolerance, and for understanding the complex interplay that takes place between mucosa, airway epithelium and resident or infiltrating immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge and the advantages and limitations of the different cell types and culture methods used in co-culture models of the human airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Papazian
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Expert consensus on an in vitro approach to assess pulmonary fibrogenic potential of aerosolized nanomaterials. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1769-83. [PMID: 27121469 PMCID: PMC4894935 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in consumer products and their potential to induce adverse lung effects following inhalation has lead to much interest in better understanding the hazard associated with these nanomaterials (NMs). While the current regulatory requirement for substances of concern, such as MWCNTs, in many jurisdictions is a 90-day rodent inhalation test, the monetary, ethical, and scientific concerns associated with this test led an international expert group to convene in Washington, DC, USA, to discuss alternative approaches to evaluate the inhalation toxicity of MWCNTs. Pulmonary fibrosis was identified as a key adverse outcome linked to MWCNT exposure, and recommendations were made on the design of an in vitro assay that is predictive of the fibrotic potential of MWCNTs. While fibrosis takes weeks or months to develop in vivo, an in vitro test system may more rapidly predict fibrogenic potential by monitoring pro-fibrotic mediators (e.g., cytokines and growth factors). Therefore, the workshop discussions focused on the necessary specifications related to the development and evaluation of such an in vitro system. Recommendations were made for designing a system using lung-relevant cells co-cultured at the air–liquid interface to assess the pro-fibrogenic potential of aerosolized MWCNTs, while considering human-relevant dosimetry and NM life cycle transformations. The workshop discussions provided the fundamental design components of an air–liquid interface in vitro test system that will be subsequently expanded to the development of an alternative testing strategy to predict pulmonary toxicity and to generate data that will enable effective risk assessment of NMs.
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36
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Min KA, Rosania GR, Shin MC. Human Airway Primary Epithelial Cells Show Distinct Architectures on Membrane Supports Under Different Culture Conditions. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:191-203. [PMID: 26818810 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate drug development for lung delivery, it is highly demanding to establish appropriate airway epithelial cell models as transport barriers to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of drug molecules. Besides the cancer-derived cell lines, as the primary cell model, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells have been used for drug screenings because of physiological relevance to in vivo. Therefore, to accurately interpret drug transport data in NHBE measured by different laboratories, it is important to know biophysical characteristics of NHBE grown on membranes in different culture conditions. In this study, NHBE was grown on the polyester membrane in a different medium and its transport barrier properties as well as cell architectures were fully characterized by functional assays and confocal imaging throughout the days of cultures. Moreover, NHBE cells on inserts in a different medium were subject to either of air-interfaced culture (AIC) or liquid-covered culture (LCC) condition. Cells in the AIC condition were cultivated on the membrane with medium in the basolateral side only, whereas cells with medium in apical and basolateral sides under the LCC condition. Quantitative microscopic imaging with biophysical examination revealed distinct multilayered architectures of differentiated NHBE cells, suggesting NHBE as functional cell barriers for the lung-targeting drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Quantitative aspects of drug permeation across in vitro and in vivo barriers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 87:30-46. [PMID: 26493585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of permeation across epithelial and endothelial cell sheets and across cell membranes is determinant for the pharmacokinetics of a drug. In vitro transport experiments with cultured cells or artificial barriers have tremendously improved the predictability of the in vivo behaviour of tested compounds. This article focuses on the parameters and calculation methods that are used to describe permeation quantitatively, with a focus on in vitro experiments and the prediction of intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier passage. It shows under which in vitro experimental conditions standard calculations are adequate and under which conditions equations should be adapted to the experimental details. The impact of volume differences between donor and receiver compartments, pH gradients, addition of albumin, accumulation in the barrier and unidirectional transport by an efflux transporter on the results is shown in simulations. The article should make researchers aware of experimental factors that affect the outcome of a permeation experiment and how to account for this during data analysis. Finally, strategies to predict the in vivo behaviour of a compound based on the in vitro data are discussed. The goal of the article is to support researchers in choosing experimental conditions and calculation methods that deliver appropriate and reproducible results in permeation studies in vitro.
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Papazian D, Chhoden T, Arge M, Vorup-Jensen T, Nielsen CH, Lund K, Würtzen PA, Hansen S. Effect of Polarization on Airway Epithelial Conditioning of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:368-77. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0183oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Meindl C, Stranzinger S, Dzidic N, Salar-Behzadi S, Mohr S, Zimmer A, Fröhlich E. Permeation of Therapeutic Drugs in Different Formulations across the Airway Epithelium In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135690. [PMID: 26274590 PMCID: PMC4537286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary drug delivery is characterized by short onset times of the effects and an increased therapeutic ratio compared to oral drug delivery. This delivery route can be used for local as well as for systemic absorption applying drugs as single substance or as a fixed dose combination. Drugs can be delivered as nebulized aerosols or as dry powders. A screening system able to mimic delivery by the different devices might help to assess the drug effect in the different formulations and to identify potential interference between drugs in fixed dose combinations. The present study evaluates manual devices used in animal studies for their suitability for cellular studies. METHODS Calu-3 cells were cultured submersed and in air-liquid interface culture and characterized regarding mucus production and transepithelial electrical resistance. The influence of pore size and material of the transwell membranes and of the duration of air-liquid interface culture was assessed. Compounds were applied in solution and as aerosols generated by MicroSprayer IA-1C Aerosolizer or by DP-4 Dry Powder Insufflator using fluorescein and rhodamine 123 as model compounds. Budesonide and formoterol, singly and in combination, served as examples for drugs relevant in pulmonary delivery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Membrane material and duration of air-liquid interface culture had no marked effect on mucus production and tightness of the cell monolayer. Co-application of budesonide and formoterol, applied in solution or as aerosol, increased permeation of formoterol across cells in air-liquid interface culture. Problems with the DP-4 Dry Powder Insufflator included compound-specific delivery rates and influence on the tightness of the cell monolayer. These problems were not encountered with the MicroSprayer IA-1C Aerosolizer. The combination of Calu-3 cells and manual aerosol generation devices appears suitable to identify interactions of drugs in fixed drug combination products on permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Neira Dzidic
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Mohr
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Liu FF, Peng C, Ng JC. BTEX in vitro exposure tool using human lung cells: trips and gains. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:321-6. [PMID: 25754011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) to human lung cells was explored using three different exposure methods: Method 1 - in normal 96-well plates using DMSO as a carrier vehicle, we exposed (a) human lung carcinoma A549 cells, (b) A549 cells over-expressed with cytochrome P450 2E1 cells, and (c) normal lung fibroblast LL-24 cells to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene individually and in a mixture which models car exhaust gases for between 1-88 h. We found that the order of the BTEX potency is benzene<toluene<ethylbenzene=m-xylene with acute BTEX toxicity to A549≈LL-24>CYP2E1 over-expressed A549 cells. A significant difference was found between inter-assay responses for all 24h exposures (P<0.005) suggesting a poor assay repeatability. No sign of potency increase was found from 6 to 72 h exposures. Method 2 - Using sealed vials to expose A549 cells to benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene, we observed a twenty-fold increase in their cytotoxicity, but also with no time-course effect. Method 3 - Using air exposed hanging-drop cell culture, we were able to see both an increase of demonstration of toxicity and a time-course effect from 1 to 12h exposure. We conclude that exposing cells in sealed and unsealed media using DMSO as a carrier vehicle was not suitable for BTEX exposure studies. Hanging-drop air exposure has more potential. It should be noted that if there are any changes in their exposure matrixes, its exposure mass distribution in cells could differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye F Liu
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
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Hittinger M, Juntke J, Kletting S, Schneider-Daum N, de Souza Carvalho C, Lehr CM. Preclinical safety and efficacy models for pulmonary drug delivery of antimicrobials with focus on in vitro models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 85:44-56. [PMID: 25453270 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New pharmaceutical formulations must be proven as safe and effective before entering clinical trials. Also in the context of pulmonary drug delivery, preclinical models allow testing of novel antimicrobials, reducing risks and costs during their development. Such models allow reducing the complexity of the human lung, but still need to reflect relevant (patho-) physiological features. This review focuses on preclinical pulmonary models, mainly in vitro models, to assess drug safety and efficacy of antimicrobials. Furthermore, approaches to investigate common infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, are emphasized. Pneumonia, tuberculosis and infections occurring due to cystic fibrosis are in focus of this review. We conclude that especially in vitro models offer the chance of an efficient and detailed analysis of new antimicrobials, but also draw attention to the advantages and limitations of such currently available models and critically discuss the necessary steps for their future development.
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Daear W, Lai P, Anikovskiy M, Prenner EJ. Differential Interactions of Gelatin Nanoparticles with the Major Lipids of Model Lung Surfactant: Changes in the Lateral Membrane Organization. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5356-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiam Daear
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick Lai
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elmar J. Prenner
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Guillon A, Mercier E, Lanotte P, Haguenoer E, Darrouzain F, Barc C, Sarradin P, Si-Tahar M, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Diot P, Vecellio L. Aerosol Route to Administer Teicoplanin in Mechanical Ventilation: In Vitro Study, Lung Deposition and Pharmacokinetic Analyses in Pigs. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2015; 28:290-8. [PMID: 25616054 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2014.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND Glycopeptides given intravenously achieve low airway concentrations. Nebulization of teicoplanin may be an efficient way of delivering a high concentration of this antibiotic to the lung. This multistep study assessed the feasibility of teicoplanin nebulization during mechanical ventilation by evaluating: the stability of its antibiotic effect; epithelial tolerance; lung deposition and systemic absorption in ventilated pigs. METHODS Nebulized and non-nebulized teicoplanin activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus cultures. The cytotoxic effect of teicoplanin on human respiratory epithelial cells was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase activity released, cell viability, and transepithelial electrical resistance. Volume median diameter of particles of nebulized teicoplanin was measured by laser diffraction during mechanical ventilation. The deposited mass of teicoplanin nebulized with a vibrating mesh nebulizer in ventilated piglets was assessed by scintigraphy. Blood pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin administered either intravenously or by nebulization was compared. RESULTS No decrease of antibiotic activity was observed after nebulization. In vitro cytotoxicity of teicoplanin was only observed with 1000 times the dose recommended for intravenous administration. Volume median diameter of particles was 2.5±0.1 μm. Of the initial nebulizer charge of teicoplanin, 24±7% was present in the lungs of ventilated pigs after the nebulization. Amount absorbed in blood was low (3.4%±0.9%) after nebulization, and blood stream elimination half-life value was 25.4 h. CONCLUSIONS Teicoplanin was administered efficiently by nebulization during mechanical ventilation, without any effect on its pharmacological properties or any cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetic parameters are promising in view of its time-dependent killing process. All the results of our multi-step study highlighted the potential of teicoplanin to be nebulized during mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guillon
- 1 Université François Rabelais de Tours , EA6305, Tours, France .,2 INSERM, U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours, France .,3 CHRU de Tours, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente , Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mercier
- 1 Université François Rabelais de Tours , EA6305, Tours, France .,2 INSERM, U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours, France .,3 CHRU de Tours, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente , Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- 4 Université François Rabelais de Tours , UMR1282 ISP, Tours, France .,5 INRA , UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France .,6 Service de Bactériologie-Virologie , Tours, France
| | - Eve Haguenoer
- 4 Université François Rabelais de Tours , UMR1282 ISP, Tours, France .,6 Service de Bactériologie-Virologie , Tours, France
| | | | - Céline Barc
- 8 INRA , UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre Sarradin
- 8 INRA , UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- 1 Université François Rabelais de Tours , EA6305, Tours, France .,2 INSERM, U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- 1 Université François Rabelais de Tours , EA6305, Tours, France .,2 INSERM, U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours, France
| | - Patrice Diot
- 1 Université François Rabelais de Tours , EA6305, Tours, France .,2 INSERM, U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours, France
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- 1 Université François Rabelais de Tours , EA6305, Tours, France .,9 Aerodrug, Université François Rabelais , Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
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Engineering an in vitro air-blood barrier by 3D bioprinting. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7974. [PMID: 25609567 PMCID: PMC4303938 DOI: 10.1038/srep07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts in recent years to develop and commercialize in vitro alternatives in the field of risk assessment have yielded new promising two- and three dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Nevertheless, a realistic 3D in vitro alveolar model is not available yet. Here we report on the biofabrication of the human air-blood tissue barrier analogue composed of an endothelial cell, basement membrane and epithelial cell layer by using a bioprinting technology. In contrary to the manual method, we demonstrate that this technique enables automatized and reproducible creation of thinner and more homogeneous cell layers, which is required for an optimal air-blood tissue barrier. This bioprinting platform will offer an excellent tool to engineer an advanced 3D lung model for high-throughput screening for safety assessment and drug efficacy testing.
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Prytherch Z, Bérubé K. Modelling the Human Respiratory System: Approaches for in Vitro Safety Testing and Drug Discovery. HUMAN-BASED SYSTEMS FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620136-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory research can be broken down into two main areas: (i) exposure to airborne substances (basic toxicology assessment); and (ii) respiratory diseases (understanding disease mechanisms and development of new therapeutics, including toxicological assessment). Both have suffered from inadequate and inaccurate models used to predict human toxicological end points. A growing need therefore exists for accurate in vitro models of the respiratory system, which accurately reflect the human lung situation in vivo. Advances in cell culture techniques and accessibility of human cells/tissues have resulted in the development of increasingly in vivo-like respiratory models. This chapter will focus on the development, advantages and disadvantages of these models and what the future holds for in vitro lung toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Prytherch
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University The Sir Martin Evan Building Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - Kelly Bérubé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University The Sir Martin Evan Building Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
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Precise manipulation of cell behaviors on surfaces for construction of tissue/organs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lenz AG, Stoeger T, Cei D, Schmidmeir M, Semren N, Burgstaller G, Lentner B, Eickelberg O, Meiners S, Schmid O. Efficient bioactive delivery of aerosolized drugs to human pulmonary epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface conditions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:526-35. [PMID: 24773184 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0479oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In inhalation therapy, drugs are deposited as aerosols onto the air-facing lung epithelium. The currently used in vitro cell assays for drug testing, however, typically dissolve drugs in the medium, completely covering the cells, which represents an unphysiological drug application scenario. Although physiologically realistic in vitro cell culture models of the pulmonary air-blood barrier are available, reliable, easy-to-handle, and efficient technologies for direct aerosol-to-cell delivery are lacking. Here, we introduce the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) Cell Exposure-Cloud (ALICE-CLOUD) technology, which uses principles of cloud motion for fast and quantitative delivery of aerosolized liquid drugs to pulmonary cells cultured under realistic ALI conditions. Aerosol-to-cell delivery proved to be highly efficient, reproducible, and rapid when using aerosolized fluorescein as surrogate drug. As a proof-of-concept study for the ALICE-CLOUD, we performed functional efficacy studies with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib, a novel candidate drug for inhalation therapy. Aerosolized Bortezomib had a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on human epithelial lung cells (A549), as indicated by a significant reduction of (TNFα-induced) IL-8 promoter activation. Importantly, cell-based therapeutic efficacy of aerosolized Bortezomib under ALI conditions was similar to that under dissolved and nonaerosolized submerged conditions, but with faster uptake kinetics. Our data indicate that the ALICE-CLOUD is a reliable tool for aerosolized drug screening with cells cultured under ALI conditions, which combines ease of handling with rapid, efficient, and dosimetrically accurate drug-to-cell delivery. This may pave the way for screening of inhalable drugs under physiologically more relevant and, hence, potentially more predictive conditions than the currently used submerged cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke-Gabriele Lenz
- 1 Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
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Ding P, Wu H, Fang L, Wu M, Liu R. Transmigration and phagocytosis of macrophages in an airway infection model using four-dimensional techniques. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:1-10. [PMID: 24678629 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0390te] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection, recruited phagocytes transmigrate across the epithelium to remove the pathogens deposited on the airway surface. However, it is difficult to directly observe cellular behaviors (e.g., transmigration) in single-cell layer cultures or in live animals. Combining a three-dimensional (3D) cell coculture model mimicking airway infection with time-lapse confocal imaging as a four-dimensional technique allowed us to image the behaviors of macrophages in 3D over time. The airway infection model was moved to a glass-bottomed dish for live-cell imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using time-lapse confocal imaging, we recorded macrophages transmigrating across the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane of the inserts through the 5-μm pores in the PET membrane. Macrophages on the apical side of the insert exhibited essentially three types of movements, one of which was transmigrating across the epithelial cell monolayer and arriving at the surface of monolayer. We found that adding Staphylococcus aureus to the model increased the transmigration index but not the transmigration time of the macrophages. Only in the presence of S. aureus were the macrophages able to transmigrate across the epithelial cell monolayer. Apical-to-basal transmigration of macrophages was visualized dynamically. We also imaged the macrophages phagocytizing S. aureus deposited on the surface of the monolayer in the airway infection model. This work provides a useful tool to study the cellular behaviors of immune cells spatially and temporally during infection.
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Sellgren KL, Butala EJ, Gilmour BP, Randell SH, Grego S. A biomimetic multicellular model of the airways using primary human cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3349-58. [PMID: 25000964 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00552j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell cultures enable investigation of complex physiological tissue properties and functionalities. For convenience, they are often implemented with immortalized cell lines, but primary cells more closely approximate the in vivo biology. Our aim was to develop a biomimetic microfluidic model of the human airway using all primary cells. The model is comprised of airway epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface, lung fibroblasts and polarized microvascular endothelial cells, respectively positioned in three vertically stacked, individually accessible compartments separated by nanoporous membranes. We report device fabrication, a gravity fed microfluidic system, and culture medium able to support functional co-cultures of all three primary human cell types. As characterized by imaging and permeability measurements, airway epithelial cells in microfluidic devices displayed mucociliary differentiation and barrier function. Subjacent fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells were added under conditions enabling co-culture for at least 5 days. Microfluidic airway models based on primary human cells in a relevant biomimetic configuration will improve physiological relevance and will enable novel disease modeling and drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn L Sellgren
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA.
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Alépée N, Bahinski A, Daneshian M, De Wever B, Fritsche E, Goldberg A, Hansmann J, Hartung T, Haycock J, Hogberg H, Hoelting L, Kelm JM, Kadereit S, McVey E, Landsiedel R, Leist M, Lübberstedt M, Noor F, Pellevoisin C, Petersohn D, Pfannenbecker U, Reisinger K, Ramirez T, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Schäfer-Korting M, Zeilinger K, Zurich MG. State-of-the-art of 3D cultures (organs-on-a-chip) in safety testing and pathophysiology. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2014. [PMID: 25027500 DOI: 10.14573/altex1406111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major functions of an organ or organ system. This implies in many cases that more than one cell type forms the 3D structure, and often matrix elements play an important role. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning commonalities of the different models. For instance, the theory of mass transport/metabolite exchange in 3D systems and the special analytical requirements for test endpoints in organotypic cultures are discussed in detail. In the next part, 3D model systems for selected organs--liver, lung, skin, brain--are presented and characterized in dedicated chapters. Also, 3D approaches to the modeling of tumors are presented and discussed. All chapters give a historical background, illustrate the large variety of approaches, and highlight up- and downsides as well as specific requirements. Moreover, they refer to the application in disease modeling, drug discovery and safety assessment. Finally, consensus recommendations indicate a roadmap for the successful implementation of 3D models in routine screening. It is expected that the use of such models will accelerate progress by reducing error rates and wrong predictions from compound testing.
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