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Lu F, Wang J, Song M, Dai X. The Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol from Reynoutria japonica on MNV-1, a Human Norovirus Surrogate. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024; 16:241-252. [PMID: 38570420 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
As a natural nonflavonoid polyphenol compound, resveratrol is the main functional component of Reynoutria japonica and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and other physiological activities. In this study, the effect of resveratrol on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was examined, and murine norovirus (MNV-1) was used as a surrogate for human norovirus to evaluate the inhibitory effect of resveratrol. The concentrations of resveratrol resulting in 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) for RAW264.7 cells were 21.32 and 24.97 μg/mL after 24 and 48 h of incubation, respectively, and resveratrol at a concentration lower than the half-effective inhibitory concentration (EC50) could not damage cell DNA. The EC50 of resveratrol on MNV-1 in infected RAW264.7 cells was determined to equal 5.496 μg/mL. After RAW264.7 cells, virus, and a fresh mixture of virus and RAW264.7 cells were treated with resveratrol solution for 1 h (denoted cell pre-treatment, virus pre-treatment, and mixture coprocessing), the RAW264.7 cells obtained after cell pre-treatment exhibited lower virus infection, and MNV-1 obtained after virus pre-treatment and mixture coprocessing showed a decreased infectious capacity. The inhibition ratio of resveratrol on MNV-1 did not significantly differ between the treatments at 4 and 25 °C or among the various pH values except for the lower acidic condition (pH 2). TEM revealed significant changes in the morphology of MNV-1 after treatment with resveratrol, and molecular docking indicated that resveratrol strongly binds to the viral capsid protein of MNV-1. In addition, resveratrol regulated the expression of cytokine that protects against MNV-1 infection. Therefore, at a lower concentration, resveratrol, a natural component from Reynoutria japonica, exerts an inhibitory effect on MNV-1 growth and could be used as a safe additive in food products to improve the nutritional status and control norovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Hangzhou Original Seed Farm, Hangzhou, 310045, China
| | - Meie Song
- Rural Revitalization Promotion Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- School of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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2
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Huang Q, Wang M, Wang M, Lu Y, Wang X, Chen X, Yang X, Guo H, He R, Luo Z. Scutellaria baicalensis: a promising natural source of antiviral compounds for the treatment of viral diseases. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:563-575. [PMID: 37611975 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, the smallest microorganisms, continue to present an escalating threat to human health, being the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Over the decades, although significant progress has been made in the development of therapies and vaccines against viral diseases, the need for effective antiviral interventions remains urgent. This urgency stems from the lack of effective vaccines, the severe side effects associated with current drugs, and the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. Natural plants, particularly traditionally-used herbs, are often considered an excellent source of medicinal drugs with potent antiviral efficacy, as well as a substantial safety profile. Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has garnered considerable attention due to its extensive investigation across diverse therapeutic areas and its demonstrated efficacy in both preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we mainly focused on the potential antiviral activities of ingredients in Scutellaria baicalensis, shedding light on their underlying mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications in the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Muyang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 612505, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Rongrong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 612505, China.
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Espíndola C. Some Nanocarrier's Properties and Chemical Interaction Mechanisms with Flavones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062864. [PMID: 36985836 PMCID: PMC10051830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavones such as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (tropoflavin), 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (baicalein), 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin), 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavone (myricetin), 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin), and 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) are important both for their presence in natural products and for their pharmacological applications. However, due to their chemical characteristics and their metabolic processes, they have low solubility and low bioavailability. Knowledge about the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers and the possible mechanisms of covalent and non-covalent interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and drugs is essential for the design of nanocarriers to improve the bioavailability of molecules with pharmacological potential, such as tropoflavin, baicalein, luteolin, myricetin, apigenin, and chrysin. The parameters of characterization of some NPs of these flavones, such as size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and % release/time, utilized in biomedical applications and the covalent and non-covalent interactions existing between the polymeric NPs and the drug were analyzed. Similarly, the presence of functional groups in the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as well as the effect of pH on the % adsorption of flavonoids on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH), were analyzed. Non-covalent interaction mechanisms between polymeric NPs and flavones, and covalent interaction mechanisms that could exist between the NPs and the amino and hydroxyl functional groups, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Espíndola
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Profesor García González 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
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4
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Wang J, Zeng X, Yin D, Yin L, Shen X, Xu F, Dai Y, Pan X. In silico and in vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of wogonin against main protease of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1123650. [PMID: 37009514 PMCID: PMC10050881 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of weaned piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) poses a serious threat to the pig industry worldwide, demanding urgent research efforts related to developing effective antiviral drugs to prevent and treat PEDV infection. Small molecules can possibly prevent the spread of infection by targeting specific vital components of the pathogen’s genome. Main protease (Mpro, also named 3CL protease) plays essential roles in PEDV replication and has emerged as a promising target for the inhibition of PEDV. In this study, wogonin exhibited antiviral activity against a PEDV variant isolate, interacting with the PEDV particles and inhibiting the internalization, replication and release of PEDV. The molecular docking model indicated that wogonin was firmly embedded in the groove of the active pocket of Mpro. Furthermore, the interaction between wogonin and Mpro was validated in silico via microscale thermophoresis and surface plasmon resonance analyses. In addition, the results of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay indicated that wogonin exerted an inhibitory effect on Mpro. These findings provide useful insights into the antiviral activities of wogonin, which could support future research into anti-PEDV drugs.`
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuehuai Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fazhi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaocheng Pan, ; Yin Dai,
| | - Xiaocheng Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaocheng Pan, ; Yin Dai,
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Nuzzo G, Senese G, Gallo C, Albiani F, Romano L, d’Ippolito G, Manzo E, Fontana A. Antitumor Potential of Immunomodulatory Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060386. [PMID: 35736189 PMCID: PMC9229642 DOI: 10.3390/md20060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Anticancer drugs aim to block tumor growth by killing cancerous cells in order to prevent tumor progression and metastasis. Efficient anticancer drugs should also minimize general toxicity towards organs and healthy cells. Tumor growth can also be successfully restrained by targeting and modulating immune response. Cancer immunotherapy is assuming a growing relevance in the fight against cancer and has recently aroused much interest for its wider safety and the capability to complement conventional chemotherapeutic approaches. Natural products are a traditional source of molecules with relevant potential in the pharmacological field. The huge structural diversity of metabolites with low molecular weight (small molecules) from terrestrial and marine organisms has provided lead compounds for the discovery of many modern anticancer drugs. Many natural products combine chemo-protective and immunomodulant activity, thus offering the potential to be used alone or in association with conventional cancer therapy. In this review, we report the natural products known to possess antitumor properties by interaction with immune system, as well as discuss the possible immunomodulatory mechanisms of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (E.M.); Tel.: +39-081-8675104 (G.N.); +39-081-8675177 (E.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Senese
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
| | - Federica Albiani
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
| | - Lucia Romano
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (E.M.); Tel.: +39-081-8675104 (G.N.); +39-081-8675177 (E.M.)
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.S.); (C.G.); (F.A.); (L.R.); (G.d.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia–Bld. 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Mixtures of Scutellaria baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. Extracts as Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents in Active Coatings. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop active packaging materials covered in active coatings (offering antibacterial and antiviral properties) that contain selected plant extracts. In addition, the synergistic effect of the active substances in these extracts was also analysed. The results of the study demonstrated that Scutellaria baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. extracts (two of six analysed plant extracts) were the most active agents against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Additionally, the synergistic effect of S. baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. extracts was noted, meaning that the effect of these two plant extract mixtures on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae growth was higher than the activity of individual pure extracts. Mixtures of the extracts were introduced into the coating carrier. A polyethylene (PE) foil was then coated with active layers containing mixtures of S. baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza L. extracts as antimicrobial agents. The results of this research showed that all of the active coatings had a bacteriolytic effect on B. subtilis and a bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus cells. The coatings were found to be inactive against E. coli and P. syringae cells. This means that the coatings could be used as internal coatings to preserve food products against Gram-positive bacteria that may be responsible for food spoilage. The results of this study also demonstrated that the coatings were highly active against phage phi 6 phage particles, used as SARS-CoV-2 surrogate. This means that the coatings could be used as external coatings to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria via human hands.
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Shi M, Peng B, Li A, Li Z, Song P, Li J, Xu R, Li N. Broad Anti-Viral Capacities of Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule and Jin-Hua-Qing-Gan Granule and Rational use Against COVID-19 Based on Literature Mining. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640782. [PMID: 34054522 PMCID: PMC8160462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a matter of international concern as the disease is spreading exponentially. Statistics showed that infected patients in China who received combined treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern medicine exhibited lower fatality rate and relatively better clinical outcomes. Both Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule (LHQWC) and Jin-Hua-Qing-Gan Granule (JHQGG) have been recommended by China Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19 and have played a vital role in the prevention of a variety of viral infections. Here, we desired to analyze the broad-spectrum anti-viral capacities of LHQWC and JHQGG, and to compare their pharmacological functions for rational clinical applications. Based on literature mining, we found that both LHQWC and JHQGG were endowed with multiple antiviral activities by both targeting viral life cycle and regulating host immune responses and inflammation. In addition, from literature analyzed, JHQGG is more potent in modulating viral life cycle, whereas LHQWC exhibits better efficacies in regulating host anti-viral responses. When translating into clinical applications, oral administration of LHQWC could be more beneficial for patients with insufficient immune functions or for patients with alleviated symptoms after treatment with JHQGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Shi
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - An Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruodan Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huynh DL, Ngau TH, Nguyen NH, Tran GB, Nguyen CT. Potential therapeutic and pharmacological effects of Wogonin: an updated review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9779-9789. [PMID: 33165817 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are members of polyphenolic compounds, which are naturally presented in fruits, vegetables, and some medicinal plants. Traditionally, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis is widely used as Chinese herbal medicine and contains several major bioactive compounds such as Wogonin, Scutellarein, Baicalein, and Baicalin. Experimental and clinical evidence has been proving that Wogonin exhibits diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and treatment of bacterial and viral infections. In this review, we summarize and emphasize the benefits of Wogonin as a therapeutic adjuvant for anti-viral infection, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection as well as anxiolytic and anticonvulsant. Moreover, the molecular mechanism(s) how Wogonin mediates the cellular signal pathways and immune responses are also discussed and highlighted valuable properties of Wogonin in multiple therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Luong Huynh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hoang Ngau
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh University of Food and Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gia-Buu Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Food-Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Tao Z, Zhang L, Friedemann T, Yang G, Li J, Wen Y, Wang J, Shen A. Systematic analyses on the potential immune and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused pneumonia. J Funct Foods 2020; 75:104243. [PMID: 33072190 PMCID: PMC7550105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic study integrated is proposed to illustrate the potential immune and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SFJDC against SARS-CoV-2. SFJDC regulates related targets, showing the potential anti-novel coronavirus effect. The work can provide a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of SFJDC for treating SARS-CoV-2.
The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused pneumonia (Coronavirus disease −19, COVID-19), has resulted in a global health emergency. However, there is no vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against the newly emerged coronavirus and identifying the available therapeutics as soon as possible is critical for the response to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC), a well-known prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China, has been widely used in treating upper respiratory tract infections and acute lung injury, owing to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite the definite evidence of effective use of SFJDC in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, the underlying action mechanism remains unknown. Currently, a systematic study integrated with absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) evaluation, target prediction, network construction and functional bioinformatics analyses is proposed to illustrate the potential immune and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SFJDC against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, to further validate the reliability of the interactions and binding affinities between drugs and targets, docking, Molecular dynamics Simulations (MD) simulations and Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area approach (MM-PBSA) calculations were carried out. The results demonstrate that SFJDC regulates the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory related targets on multiple pathways through its active ingredients, showing the potential anti-novel coronavirus effect. Overall, the work can provide a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of SFJDC for treating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia from multi-scale perspectives, and may also offer a valuable clue for developing novel pharmaceutical strategies to control the current coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Tao
- Emergency Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.,Anhui Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Thomas Friedemann
- HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guangshan Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jinhu Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Yaocai Wen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Aizong Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.,Anhui Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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10
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Shen Y, Cong W, Zhang AH, Meng X. Complexity of active medicinal ingredients in radix scutellariae with sodium hydrosulfite exposure. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238927. [PMID: 32956425 PMCID: PMC7505437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both plants and animals are living things made up of similar cells as well as organelles, and their essence of life is the same. However, plants face more environmental stress than animals and generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of small molecules that can harm proteins, necessitating distinctive metabolic processes. Secondary metabolites in plants are a group of chemical components that can eliminate ROS and can also exhibit medicinal properties; therefore, herbal medicines are often closely linked to the ecological significance of secondary metabolites. Why plants contain so many, not few, active medicinal ingredients is unknown. The root of Scutellaria baicalensis, a popular herbal medicine, is rich in various flavonoids with diverse structural features. Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) can produce O˙-2 radicals and induce physical conditions under environmental stress. Using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, a total of 25 different compounds were identified in the roots of S. baicalensis between the Na2S2O4 groups and suitable conditions. Based on the results of the t-test (P<0.05) performed for the groups and ions with values of VIP ≥ 2, the most significantly different chemical markers with Na2S2O4 treatment were shikimic acid, citric acid, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyflavanone, 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy flavone, chrysin, eriodictyol, 5,8-dihydroxy-6,7 -dimethoxy flavone, skullcapflavone Ⅱ, and 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,2',3'-tetrame thoxyflavone, and most of them were free flavonoids with many phenolic hydroxyl or methoxyl groups and characteristically high antioxidant activities. S. baicalensis roots modified their ability to eliminate ROS and maintained the equilibrium of ROS through the multitudinous biosynthesis and conversion of flavonoids, which is similar to the equilibrium established by an intricate buffer solution and perfectly explains the diversity and complexity of medicinal plant ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- GAP Research Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangcai Meng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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Li SS, Chang Y, Li B, Shao SL, Zhen-Zhu-Zhang. Functional analysis of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase from Dryopteris fragrans in transgenic tobacco enhances lignin and flavonoids. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180355. [PMID: 32453340 PMCID: PMC7250279 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Coumaric acid: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway that regulates the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids. Therefore, the study of 4CL is important to explore the accumulation and regulation of metabolites. This study investigated the role that the 4CL2 gene from Dryopteris fragrans (Df4CL2) plays in the metabolite synthesis. Changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, and the content of lignin and flavonoids were measured in different tissues of tobacco as model plant that was successfully transferred with Df4CL2. Tobacco plants with Df4CL2 (transgenic tobacco, TT) were successfully obtained via the Agrobacterium-transformation method. This TT tended to be thicker and had an earlier flowering period than wild type tobacco (WT). The expression levels of Df4CL2 were higher in the stem, leaf, and root in TT compared to WT. In addition, compared to WT, TT had higher 4CL enzyme activity and higher lignin and flavonoids contents. This suggests that Df4CL2 is involved in the synthesis of lignin and flavonoids in D. fragrans. This research provides important evidence toward understanding the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Qiqihar University, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and
Forestry, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene
Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Northeast Agricultural University Laboratory of Plant Research
College of Life sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Qiqihar University, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and
Forestry, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene
Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shu-Li Shao
- Qiqihar University, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and
Forestry, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene
Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu-Zhang
- Qiqihar University, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and
Forestry, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene
Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, China
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Sochocka M, Ochnik M, Sobczyński M, Siemieniec I, Orzechowska B, Naporowski P, Leszek J. New therapeutic targeting of Alzheimer's disease with the potential use of proline-rich polypeptide complex to modulate an innate immune response - preliminary study. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:137. [PMID: 31277647 PMCID: PMC6612126 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stems mainly from the incomplete understanding of AD causes. Neuroinflammation has emerged as an important component of AD pathology, and a vast number of experimental and clinical data indicated a crucial role for the activation of the innate immune system in disease promotion and symptom progression. Methods Clinical examinations of AD patients in a different stage of disease severity in correlation with the measurement of two innate immune reactions, i.e., peripheral blood leukocyte (PBLs) resistance to viral infection (vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV) ex vivo, and cytokines: TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10, production with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have been investigated during this preliminary study before and after 4 weeks of oral treatment with dietary supplement proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) (120 μg of PRP/day). The potential effect of PRP on the distribution of PBLs’ subpopulations has been specified. Results We have found a deficiency in innate immune response in AD patients. It was demonstrated for the first time that the degree of PBLs resistance to VSV infection was closely related to the stage of clinical severity of AD. Our study showed significant differences in cytokine production which pointed that in AD patients innate immune mechanisms are impaired. Administration of PRP to our patients increased innate immune response of PBLs and declined pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, thus subduing the excessively developed inflammatory response, especially among patients with high severity of AD. PRP did not exhibit a pro-proliferative activity. It was showed, however, significant influence of PRP on the distribution of PBLs’ subpopulations. Conclusion The findings mentioned above might be crucial in the context of potential application of immunomodulatory therapy in AD patients and indicated PRP as a potential target for future treatments in neuroinflammatory diseases like AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1520-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Ochnik
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sobczyński
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Siemieniec
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Orzechowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Naporowski
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhao T, Tang H, Xie L, Zheng Y, Ma Z, Sun Q, Li X. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1353-1369. [PMID: 31236960 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae) is a plant of the genus Lamiaceae, and its root is the main part used as a medicine. In China, Scutellaria baicalensis is still an important traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxification. This medicinal plant is widely distributed in China, Russia, Mongolia, North Korea and Japan. The purpose of this paper was to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview on the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this plant. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research on this medicinal plant are also discussed. KEY FINDINGS So far, over 40 compounds have been isolated and identified from Scutellaria baicalensis, including flavonoids, terpenoids, volatile oils and polysaccharides. The compounds and extracts isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including the effects on the nervous system, effects on the immune system, liver protection, antitumour effects, antibacterial and antiviral effects, antioxidant effects and other pharmacological effects. SUMMARY As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis has shown significant effects on the treatment of various diseases, especially hepatitis, diarrhoea, vomiting and high blood pressure. Numerous traditional uses of Scutellaria baicalensis have been confirmed by current investigations. However, it is also necessary to further study the drug-forming properties and pharmacokinetics of the active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis, as well as to establish quality control standards for different areas of Scutellaria baicalensis, and to carry out the research at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zubing Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang ZL, Wang S, Kuang Y, Hu ZM, Qiao X, Ye M. A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:465-484. [PMID: 31070530 PMCID: PMC6292351 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1492620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) is a popular medicinal plant. Its roots are used as the famous traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Qin, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and British Pharmacopoeia. OBJECTIVE This review comprehensively summarizes research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of S. baicalensis. METHODS English and Chinese literature from 1973 to March 2018 was collected from databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar (Chinese), and CNKI (Chinese). Scutellaria baicalensis, chemical constituents, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biosynthesis were used as the key words. RESULTS A total of 126 small molecules (1-126) and 6 polysaccharides have been isolated from S. baicalensis. The small molecules can be classified into four structural types, namely, free flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and other small molecules. Extracts of S. baicalensis and its major chemical constituents have been reported to possess anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Key steps in the biosynthetic pathways of Scutellaria flavonoids have also been summarized. CONCLUSIONS This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in the chemical constituents, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and clinical applications of S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Min Ye State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100191, China
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Tang BZ, Meng E, Zhang HJ, Zhang XM, Asgari S, Lin YP, Lin YY, Peng ZQ, Qiao T, Zhang XF, Hou YM. Combination of label-free quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics reveals intraspecific venom variation between the two strains of Tetrastichus brontispae, a parasitoid of two invasive beetles. J Proteomics 2018; 192:37-53. [PMID: 30098407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The venom apparatus is a conserved organ in parasitoids that shows adaptations correlated with life-style diversification. Combining transcriptomics and label-free quantitative proteomics, here we explored the venom apparatus components of the endoparasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae (Eulophidae), and provide a comparison of the venom apparatus proteomes between its two closely related strains, T. brontispae-Octodonta nipae (Tb-On) and T. brontispae-Brontispa longissima (Tb-Bl). Tb-Bl targets the B. longissima pupa as its habitual host. However, Tb-On is an experimental derivative of Tb-Bl, which has been exposed to the O. nipae pupa as host consecutively for over 40 generation. Results showed that approximately 1505 venom proteins were identified in the T. brontispae venom apparatus. The extracts contained novel venom proteins, such as 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 4. A comparative venom proteome analysis revealed that significant quantitative and qualitative differences in venom composition exist between the two strains; although the most abundant venom proteins were shared between them. The differentially produced proteins were mainly enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis and melanotic encapsulation response. Six of these enriched proteins presented increased levels in Tb-On, and this result was validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis. Overall, our data reveal that venom composition can evolve quickly and respond to host selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - E Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hua-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sassan Asgari
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yun-Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Peng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ting Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xia-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Seo DJ, Choi C. Inhibitory mechanism of five natural flavonoids against murine norovirus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 30:59-66. [PMID: 28545670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human noroviruses (HuNoV), which are responsible for acute gastroenteritis, are becoming a serious public health concern worldwide. Since no effective antiviral drug or vaccine for HuNoV has been developed yet, some natural extracts and their active components have been investigated for their ability to inhibit noroviruses. However, their exact antiviral mechanisms have not been investigated. PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate the expression of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-λ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Mx, and zinc finger CCCH type antiviral protein 1 (ZAP), 2'-5' oligo (A) synthetase (OAS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells pre-treated with fisetin, daidzein, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG) that have anti-noroviral activity. STUDY DESIGN Based on the antiviral activity of the five flavonoids, recently reported by our group, the expression of antiviral factors such as IFN-α, IFN-λ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Mx, ZAP, OAS, and iNOS was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells pre-treated with these flavonoids. METHODS Anti-noroviral effect was determined by performing a plaque assay on cells treated with the flavonoid. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with fisetin, daidzein, quercetin, EGCG, and ECG. Then, mRNA of IFN-α, IFN-λ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Mx, ZAP, OAS, and iNOS were measured by real-time RT-PCR. IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proteins were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Pre-treatment with fisetin (50μM), fisetin (100μM), EGCG (100μM), quercetin (100μM), daidzein (50μM), and ECG (150μM) significantly reduced MNoV by 50.00±7.14 to 60.67±9.26%. The mRNA levels of IFN-α, IFN-λ, TNF-α, Mx, and ZAP were upregulated in RAW 264.7 cells pre-treated with fisetin, quercetin, and daidzein, but not in those pre-treated with EGCG or ECG. Regarding protein levels, IFN-α was significantly induced in cells pre-treated with fisetin, quercetin, and daidzein, whereas TNF-α was significantly induced only in cells pre-treated with daidzein. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with the five flavonoids inhibited MNoV by upregulating the expression of antiviral cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-λ, and TNF-α) and interferon-stimulating genes (Mx and ZAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joo Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, South Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, South Korea.
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Zheng C, Pei T, Huang C, Chen X, Bai Y, Xue J, Wu Z, Mu J, Li Y, Wang Y. A novel systems pharmacology platform to dissect action mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines for bovine viral diarrhea disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 94:33-45. [PMID: 27208435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the large direct and indirect productivity losses in the livestock industry caused by bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and the lack of effective pharmacological therapies, developing an efficient treatment is extremely urgent. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that simultaneously address multiple targets have been proven to be effective therapies for BVD. However, the potential molecular action mechanisms of TCMs have not yet been systematically explored. In this work, take the example of a herbal remedy Huangqin Zhizi (HQZZ) for BVD treatment in China, a systems pharmacology approach combining with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics evaluation was developed to screen out the active ingredients, predict the targets and analyze the networks and pathways. Results show that 212 active compounds were identified. Utilizing these lead compounds as probes, we predicted 122 BVD related-targets. And in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the reliability of some vital active compounds and targets. Network and pathway analysis displayed that HQZZ was effective in the treatment of BVD by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing immune responses in hosts toward virus infection. In summary, the analysis of the complete profile of the pharmacological activities, as well as the elucidation of targets, networks and pathways can further elucidate the underlying anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immune regulation mechanisms of HQZZ against BVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zheng
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianli Pei
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetong Chen
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaofei Bai
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ziyin Wu
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiexin Mu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Increased Systemic Exposure of Methotrexate by a Polyphenol-Rich Herb via Modulation on Efflux Transporters Multidrug Resistance–Associated Protein 2 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Qi L, Yang J, Yuan Y, Huang L, Chen P. Overexpression of two R2R3-MYB genes from Scutellaria baicalensis induces phenylpropanoid accumulation and enhances oxidative stress resistance in transgenic tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:235-43. [PMID: 26115549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MYB proteins are involved in many significant physiological and biochemical processes, including regulation of primary and secondary metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, response to various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormone synthesis and signal transduction. The functions of R2R3-MYB proteins in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under abiotic stress, however, has not been elucidated. To study the molecular mechanism by which MYB2 and MYB7 respond to abiotic stress in S. baicalensis, we analyzed the phenylpropanoid content, growth phenotype, antioxidant enzyme activity and flavonoid synthesis-associated gene expression in SbMYB2 or SbMYB7-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants after treatment with NaCl, mannitol and abscisic acid (ABA). The transgenic tobacco showed a higher fresh weight than did the wild type (WT) tobacco. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activity and flavonoid synthesis-related gene expression were markedly higher in WT tobacco after treatment with NaCl, mannitol and ABA, as compared to transgenic plants, This is likely because increased phenylpropanoid accumulation in transgenic tobacco plants played a central role in abiotic stress resistance. These results indicate that overexpression of SbMYB2 or SbMYB7 increased phenylpropanoid accumulation and enhanced NaCl, mannitol and ABA stresses tolerance in transgenic tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Qi
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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Choi EJ, Lee CH, Kim YC, Shin OS. Wogonin inhibits Varicella-Zoster (shingles) virus replication via modulation of type I interferon signaling and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Li H, Dong H, Su J, Yang B. Development and application of a UPLC method for studying influence of phenological stage on chemical composition of Scutellariae Radix. Arch Pharm Res 2014. [PMID: 25359201 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of phenological stages on chemical composition of Scutellariae Radix (SR), the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, was investigated. In order to deal with a large quantity of samples, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) was first developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of five flavonoids, namely baicalin (baicalein-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, BG), wogonoside (wogonin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, WG), baicalein (BA), wogonin (WO), oroxylin A (OA) in the samples. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.742-389 ng (r 2 > 0.9999) and satisfactory recoveries were obtained (101.72-104.56 %) with the RSD value below 5.0 %, for all analytes. Also, extraction conditions were optimized to obtain maximum extractive contents of the five flavonoids. Content variations of the five active ingredients in 225 samples from three different origins were investigated in five major phenological periods. It was found that the effect of phenology on the contents of the tested five flavonoids was similar in the three origins. The contents of flavone O-glycosides, i.e., BG and WG accumulated to the highest level in leaf expansion period, while flavonoid aglycones, i.e., BA, WO and OA appeared a maximum concentration in flowering period. The UPLC method established in this study was rapid and of good accuracy, repeatability and resolution, and hence can assist in the quality control of SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Orzechowska B, Chaber R, Wiśniewska A, Pajtasz-Piasecka E, Jatczak B, Siemieniec I, Gulanowski B, Chybicka A, Błach-Olszewska Z. Baicalin from the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis affects the innate immunity and apoptosis in leukocytes of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:558-67. [PMID: 25448499 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Scutellariae Radix (root of Scutellaria baicalensis) has a long history of application in traditional and in modern herbal medications. The major components of Scutellariae Radix are baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Scutellaria has immunomodulatory effects and possesses compelling anticancer potential. Treatment of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with Scutellaria extract (SBE) enriched in baicalin, reduced viability of PBLs obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). SBE had no impact on the survival of healthy, control leukocytes. The immune system modulation by SBE resulted in increased production of IFNγ in PBLs, and reduced TNFα and IL-10 production in bone marrow cells (BMC), in ALL patients. SBE stimulated the nonspecific antiviral immunity, assessed by resistance of PBLs and BMC to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. SBE showed pro-apoptotic activity in NALM-6 cell line (B-type human leukemia). The number of cells expressing annexin V increased from 6% in control cultures to 29% and 52% after treatment with 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml respectively. Increased percentage of apoptotic cells was observed when cells were treated with corresponding concentration of baicalin. SBE enhanced apoptosis of PBLs in BMC of leukemic children. The percentage of PBLs that underwent apoptosis and mean annexin V expression increased from 11% in the control to 17% and 24% for the doses of 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml respectively. Importantly, SBE did not induce apoptosis of PBLs in the healthy, control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Orzechowska
- Ludwik Hiszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (IIET), Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - R Chaber
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Wiśniewska
- Ludwik Hiszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (IIET), Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Pajtasz-Piasecka
- Ludwik Hiszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (IIET), Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - B Jatczak
- Ludwik Hiszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (IIET), Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - I Siemieniec
- Ludwik Hiszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (IIET), Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - A Chybicka
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Z Błach-Olszewska
- Ludwik Hiszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (IIET), Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wogonin attenuates ovalbumin antigen-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation by inhibiting th17 differentiation. Int J Inflam 2014; 2014:571508. [PMID: 24971189 PMCID: PMC4058153 DOI: 10.1155/2014/571508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is generally considered to be a Th2-type immune response. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that Th17-type immune responses also play important roles in this process, particularly in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic airway inflammation, a hallmark of severe asthma. We scrutinized several Kampo extracts that reportedly exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by using in vitro differentiation system of human and mouse naïve T cells. We found that hange-shashin-to (HST) and oren-gedoku-to (OGT) possess inhibitory activity for Th17 responses in vitro. Indeed, wogonin and berberine, major components common to HST and OGT, exhibit Th17-inhibitory activities in both murine and human systems in vitro. We therefore evaluated whether wogonin suppresses OVA-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in OVA TCR-transgenic DO11.10 mice. Consequently, oral administration of wogonin significantly improved OVA-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. Wogonin suppressed the differentiation of naïve T cells to Th17 cells, while showing no effects on activated Th17 cells.
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Abstract
Abstract
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Yuan Y, Yu S, Yu J, Zhan Z, Li M, Liu G, Wang X, Huang L. Predicting the function of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (LJ4CL1) in Lonicera japonica. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2386-99. [PMID: 24518682 PMCID: PMC3958857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Coumarate:CoA ligases (4CLs) are a group of essential enzymes involved in the pathway of phenylpropanoid-derived compound metabolisms; however it is still difficult to identify orthologs and paralogs of these important enzymes just based on sequence similarity of the conserved domains. Using sequence data of 20 plant species from the public databases and sequences from Lonicera japonica, we define 1252 adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent synthetase/ligase sequences and classify them into three phylogenetic clades. 4CLs are in one of the four subgroups, according to their partitioning, with known proteins characterized in A. thaliana and Oryza sativa. We also defined 184 non-redundant sequences that encode proteins containing the GEICIRG motif and the taxonomic distribution of these GEICIRG-containing proteins suggests unique catalytic activities in plants. We further analyzed their transcription levels in L. japonica and L. japonica. var. chinensis flowers and chose the highest expressed genes representing the subgroups for structure and binding site predictions. Coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the L. japonica flowers, the structural study on putative substrate binding amino acid residues, ferulate, and 4-coumaric acid of the conserved binding-site of LJ4CL1 leads to a conclusion that this highly expressed protein group in the flowers may process 4-coumarate that represents 90% of the known phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. The activity of purified crude LJ4CL1 protein was analyzed using 4-coumarate as template and high activity indicating that 4-coumarate is one of the substrates of LJ4CL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shulin Yu
- Pharmacy College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhilai Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Guiming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xumin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Fu Y, Luo J, Jia Z, Zhen W, Zhou K, Gilbert E, Liu D. Baicalein Protects against Type 2 Diabetes via Promoting Islet β-Cell Function in Obese Diabetic Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:846742. [PMID: 25147566 PMCID: PMC4132321 DOI: 10.1155/2014/846742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the deterioration of glycemic control over time is primarily caused by an inadequate mass and progressive dysfunction of β-cell, leading to the impaired insulin secretion. Here, we show that dietary supplementation of baicalein, a flavone isolated from the roots of Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in high-fat diet (HFD-) induced middle-aged obese mice. Baicalein had no effect on food intake, body weight gain, circulating lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Using another mouse model of type 2 diabetes generated by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low doses of streptozotocin injection, we found that baicalein treatment significantly improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and blood insulin levels in these middle-aged obese diabetic mice, which are associated with the improved islet β-cell survival and mass. In the in vitro studies, baicalein significantly augmented GSIS and promoted viability of insulin-secreting cells and human islets cultured either in the basal medium or under chronic hyperlipidemic condition. These results demonstrate that baicalein may be a naturally occurring antidiabetic agent by directly modulating pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Wei Zhen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kequan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit , MI 48202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gilbert
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- *Dongmin Liu:
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Yuan Y, Wu C, Liu Y, Yang J, Huang L. The Scutellaria baicalensis R2R3-MYB transcription factors modulates flavonoid biosynthesis by regulating GA metabolism in transgenic tobacco plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77275. [PMID: 24143216 PMCID: PMC3797077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
R2R3-MYB proteins play role in plant development, response to biotic and abiotic stress, and regulation of primary and secondary metabolism. Little is known about the R2R3-MYB proteins in Scutellaria baicalensis which is an important Chinese medical plant. In this paper, nineteen putative SbMYB genes were identified from a S. baicalensis cDNA library, and eleven R2R3-MYBs were clustered into 5 subgroups according to phylogenetic reconstruction. In the S. baicalensis leaves which were sprayed with GA3, SbMYB2 and SbMYB7 had similar expression pattern with SbPALs, indicating that SbMYB2 and SbMYB7 might be involved in the flavonoid metabolism. Transactivation assay results showed that SbMYB2 and SbMYB7 can function as transcriptional activator. The expression of several flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were induced or suppressed by overexpression of SbMYB2 or SbMYB7 in transgenic tobacco plants. Consistent with the change of the expression of NtDH29 and NtCHI, the contents of dicaffeoylspermidine and quercetin-3,7-O-diglucoside in SbMYB2-overexpressing or SbMYB7-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants were decreased. The transcriptional level of NtUFGT in transgenic tobacco overexpressing SbMYB7 and the transcriptional level of NtHCT in SbMYB2-overexpressing tobacco plants were increased; however the application of GA3 inhibited the transcriptional level of these two genes. These results suggest that SbMYB2 and SbMYB7 might regulate the flavonoid biosynthesis through GA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lower-Nedza AD, Kuess C, Zhao H, Bian B, Brantner AH. In Vitro Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Si-Miao-San, its Modifications and Pure Compounds. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient Chinese prescription Si-Miao-San (SMS), which is widely used for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. rheumatic disorders, has been modified (m1SMS, m2SMS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tyrosinase effects of Si-Miao-San, of its two modifications, the component herbs, and its main pure ingredients. In vitro tyrosinase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) assays were carried out in order to determine the inhibitory potential of the samples. The traditionally applied decoctions as well as their fractions ( n-hexane, DCM, n-BuOH) were tested for their activities in concentrations of 100 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL, and the pure compounds in a range 6.25 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, the decoction of m2SMS exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, while the decoction of the classical SMS formulation showed low activity. The present results have shown the modifications to be more efficient scavengers of free radicals, such as superoxide and peroxide radicals. In addition, the decoctions of the two modifications have been shown to be more potent tyrosinase inhibitors. These formulas may thus be used as anti-inflammatory and anti-aging prescriptions, as they may help to prevent cell damage. This study clearly establishes the two modifications of Si-Miao-San as valuable sources of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, and also as candidates in the search for modern pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka D. Lower-Nedza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Carmen Kuess
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Dongcheng District, 100700 Beijing, PR China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Dongcheng District, 100700 Beijing, PR China
| | - Adelheid H. Brantner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Baicalein, Ethyl Acetate, and Chloroform Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibit the Neuraminidase Activity of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Seasonal Influenza A Viruses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:750803. [PMID: 23864896 PMCID: PMC3705751 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study rated antiviral activity of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S. baicalensis) extracts against influenza A virus subtypes, for example, pandemic 2009 H1N1, seasonal H1N1 and H3N2. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and chloroform extracts inhibited in vitro neuraminidase (NA) enzymatic activity and viral replication more than methanol (MeOH) extract. EtOAc extract demonstrated NA inhibition IC50 values ranging from 73.16 to 487.40 μg/mL and plaque reduction IC50 values ranging from 23.7 to 27.4 μg/mL. Chloroform extract showed antiviral activities with plaque reduction IC50 values ranging from 14.16 to 41.49 μg/mL Time-of-addition assay indicated that EtOAc and chloroform extracts also significantly inhibited virus yields after infection. HPLC analysis demonstrated that baicalin was dominant in the MeOH extract; baicalein and chrysin were rich in the EtOAc and chloroform extracts. Molecular simulation revealed baicalein hydrogen bonding with Glu277 as well as hydrophobic and Van der Waals interactions with Ile222, Arg224, Ser246, and Tyr347 in NA1 active sites of NA1. Baicalein inhibited in vitro replication of influenza A viruses pandemic 2009 H1N1 (IC50 = 0.018 μM) and seasonal 2007 H1N1 using plaque reduction assays. A combination of low-dose baicalein with other anti-influenza agents could be applicable for development of alternative remedies treating influenza A virus infection.
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Water deficit affected flavonoid accumulation by regulating hormone metabolism in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42946. [PMID: 23077481 PMCID: PMC3471899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of flavonoids especially baicalin and baicalein determined the medical quality of Scutellaria baicalensis which is a Chinese traditional medicinal plant. Here, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the content and composition of flavonoids in S. baicalensis under water deficit condition. The transcription levels of several genes which are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were stimulated by water deficit. Under water deficit condition, fifteen up-regulated proteins, three down-regulated proteins and other six proteins were detected by proteomic analysis. The identified proteins include three gibberellin (GA)- or indoleacetic acid (IAA)-related proteins. Decreased endogenous GAs level and increased IAA level were observed in leaves of S. baicalensis which was treated with water deficit. Exogenous application of GA or α-naphthalene acelic acid (NAA) to plants grown under water deficit conditions led to the increase of endogenous GAs and the decrease of IAA and flavonoids, respectively. When the synthesis pathway of GA or IAA in plants was inhibited by application with the inhibitors, flavonoid levels were recovered. These results indicate that water deficit affected flavonoid accumulation might through regulating hormone metabolism in S. baicalensis Georgi.
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In vitro effects of aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI on Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:2221-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Lee CY, Wang JY, Chen TC, Jiang JK, Peng CH, Kuo CD, Chang WC, Chiu JH, Wu CW. Effects of S/B remedy containing Scutellaria baicalensis and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium on hepatic interleukin-6 related signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation in mice through cell-cell interaction. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:727-33. [PMID: 21532164 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in regulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) related growth control of the liver. Our previous study demonstrated that a mixture containing Scutellaria baicalensis and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium (S/B remedy) modulated the growth of hepatocytes during liver regeneration after 2/3 partial hepatectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether S/B remedy induced mouse hepatic STAT3 activation directly in hepatocytes or indirectly via non-parenchymal cell-hepatocyte interaction. Direct S/B remedy effects were studied using primarily isolated hepatocytes; while C57BL/6J mice were used to study indirect effects of S/B remedy using gadolinium chloride to deplete Kupffer cells' function. The results showed that S/B remedy and its active constituents did not directly activate growth-related signaling in primarily isolated hepatocytes. However, S/B remedy induced STAT3 and subsequently suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) activation in mouse liver and increased serum IL-6 level in a dose-dependent manner, which could be partially blocked by pretreatment with gadolinium chloride. Oligonucloetide microarray analysis from S/B remedy-treated peripheral blood leukocytes demonstrated an up-regulation of IL-6 gene expression. We conclude that S/B remedy did not directly induce STAT3 activation in vitro, but induced hepatic IL-6 related STAT3 activation through non-parenchymal cell-hepatocyte interaction in vivo. The results provide important information on the molecular mechanisms of S/B remedy for treatment of human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Japan
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33
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Piasecki E, Knysz B, Zwolińska K, Gąsiorowski J, Lorenc M, Zalewska M, Gładysz A, Siemieniec I, Pazgan-Simon M. Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication in the course of HIV infection in patients with different stages of immunodeficiency. Viral Immunol 2011; 23:567-76. [PMID: 21142442 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in isolated human leukocytes has been used to measure the level of nonspecific antiviral immunity. However, during infection with some pathogens, the main effect observed is caused by interaction between the pathogen and VSV. This was also noted in advanced stages of HIV infection, when an inverse association between HIV viral load and VSV replication was found. The mutual effect was markedly stronger than the correlation between the VSV replication level and CD4(+) T-cell count. Since successful antiretroviral therapy is associated with a decrease in HIV viremia to undetectable levels, the effect of such therapy on VSV replication was expected and confirmed in this investigation. In fact, increased VSV titers were observed together with decreased HIV viral load, particularly in the case of efficient therapeutic schemes, for example those including lopinavir/ritonavir. The results showed that VSV replication capacity reflected the progression of HIV infection. Moreover, the presence of interferon in the plasma of AIDS patients was found to be only partially responsible for the inhibition of VSV replication. The results suggest a specific HIV-VSV interaction, whether direct or indirect. Thus the VSV replication assay may be applied in evaluating the stage of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egbert Piasecki
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Sochocka M, Zaczyńska E, Taboł A, Czarny A, Leszek J, Sobczyński M. The influence of donepezil and EGb 761 on the innate immunity of human leukocytes: effect on the NF-κB system. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1505-13. [PMID: 20837172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 and donepezil are drugs used in Alzheimer therapy. The influence of donepezil and EGb 761 on two mechanisms of innate immunity, natural antiviral resistance of human leukocytes ex vivo and NF-κB activation, was studied. Correlation between the innate immunity of leukocytes and NF-κB activation was investigated. The effect of the two drugs on resistance of human leukocytes to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection was also assessed. Two groups of healthy blood donors (n=30) were distinguished: one with resistant leukocytes (n=15) and one (n=15) with leukocytes sensitive to VSV. The degree of natural resistance of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) was determined by studying the kinetics of VSV replication. NF-κB activation was assayed by immunocytochemical staining. Efficiency of donepezil and EGb 761 was determined by a special regression model. The toxicity of the preparations to PBLs and the cell lines L(929) and A(549) and their effect on the different viruses was established. Results showed that donepezil used in concentrations of 10-50 μg/ml and EGb761 of 25-100 μg/ml stimulated resistance of human leukocytes. At the same concentrations both preparations decreased activation of transcriptional factor NF-κB. Correlation between innate immunity of PBLs and NF-κB activation was observed. Comparison of the effects of these two drugs showed that EGb 761 is more effective in stimulating leukocyte resistance. Donepezil and EGb 761 regulated innate immunity of human leukocytes by stimulating resistance and modulating NF-κB activation. The natural drug was more efficient in stimulating innate antiviral immunity of human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sochocka
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Street 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
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Sochocka M, Zaczyńska E, Leszek J, Siemieniec I, Błach-Olszewska Z. Effect of donepezil on innate antiviral immunity of human leukocytes. J Neurol Sci 2008; 273:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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