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An R, Zhang R, Guo Y, Geng J, Si M, Wang S, Gao M, Wang J. Biological Activity of Optimized Codon Bovine Type III Interferon Expressed in Pichia pastoris. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051101. [PMID: 37243187 DOI: 10.3390/v15051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λs) exhibit potent antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effects in specific cells. Nucleotide fragments of the bovine ifn-λ (boifn-λ) gene were synthetized after codon optimization. The boifn-λ gene was then amplified by splicing using overlap extension PCR (SOE PCR), resulting in the serendipitous acquisition of the mutated boIFN-λ3V18M. The recombinant plasmid pPICZαA-boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M was constructed, and the corresponding proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris with a high-level extracellular soluble form. Dominant expression strains of boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M were selected by Western blot and ELISA and cultured on a large scale, and the recombinant proteins purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography yielded 1.5g/L and 0.3 g/L, with 85% and 92% purity, respectively. The antiviral activity of boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M exceeded 106 U/mg, and they were neutralized with IFN-λ3 polyclonal antibodies, were susceptible to trypsin, and retained stability within defined pH and temperature ranges. Furthermore, boIFN-λ3/λ3V18M exerted antiproliferative effects on MDBK cells without cytotoxicity at 104 U/mL. Overall, boIFN-λ3 and boIFN-λ3V18M did not differ substantially in biological activity, except for reduced glycosylation of the latter. The development of boIFN-λ3 and comparative evaluation with the mutant provide theoretical insights into the antiviral mechanisms of boIFN-λs and provide material for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinfeng Geng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Minglu Si
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuangfeng Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Smarz-Widelska I, Grywalska E. Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020647. [PMID: 35054831 PMCID: PMC8775480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, the number of patients who are diagnosed with kidney disease too late is increasing, which leads to permanent renal failure. This growing problem affects people of every age, sex and origin, and its full etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, although the involvement of genetic susceptibility, infections, immune disorders or high blood pressure is suggested. Difficulties in making a correct and quick diagnosis are caused by the lack of research on early molecular markers, as well as educational and preventive activities among the public, which leads to the late detection of kidney diseases. An important role in the homeostasis and disease progression, including kidney diseases, is attributed to interleukins, which perform several biological functions and interact with other cells and tissues of the body. The aim of this article was to systematize the knowledge about the biological functions performed by interleukins in humans and their involvement in kidney diseases development. In our work, we took into account the role of interleukins in acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iwona Smarz-Widelska
- Department of Nephrology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Provincial Hospital in Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka Street, 20-718 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
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Sabat R, Wolk K, Loyal L, Döcke WD, Ghoreschi K. T cell pathology in skin inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:359-377. [PMID: 31028434 PMCID: PMC6505509 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forming the outer body barrier, our skin is permanently exposed to pathogens and environmental hazards. Therefore, skin diseases are among the most common disorders. In many of them, the immune system plays a crucial pathogenetic role. For didactic and therapeutic reasons, classification of such immune-mediated skin diseases according to the underlying dominant immune mechanism rather than to their clinical manifestation appears to be reasonable. Immune-mediated skin diseases may be mediated mainly by T cells, by the humoral immune system, or by uncontrolled unspecific inflammation. According to the involved T cell subpopulation, T cell-mediated diseases may be further subdivided into T1 cell-dominated (e.g., vitiligo), T2 cell-dominated (e.g., acute atopic dermatitis), T17/T22 cell-dominated (e.g., psoriasis), and Treg cell-dominated (e.g., melanoma) responses. Moreover, T cell-dependent and -independent responses may occur simultaneously in selected diseases (e.g., hidradenitis suppurativa). The effector mechanisms of the respective T cell subpopulations determine the molecular changes in the local tissue cells, leading to specific microscopic and macroscopic skin alterations. In this article, we show how the increasing knowledge of the T cell biology has been comprehensively translated into the pathogenetic understanding of respective model skin diseases and, based thereon, has revolutionized their daily clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology/Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology/Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Loyal
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Döcke
- SBU Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Berlin and Wuppertal, Müllerstraße 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Xu DH, Zhu Z, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Bai Q, Nicholl MB, Ding VA, Fang Y. Unveil the mysterious mask of cytokine-based immunotherapy for melanoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 394:43-51. [PMID: 28254411 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of death among all skin cancers and its incidence continues to rise rapidly worldwide in the past decades. The available treatment options for melanoma remain limited despite extensive clinical research. Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor and great advances in immunology in recent decades allow for the development of immunotherapeutic agents against melanoma. In recent years, immunotherapy utilizing cytokines has been particularly successful in certain cancers and holds promise for patients with advanced melanoma. In this review, an overview of the current status and emerging perspectives on cytokine immunotherapy for melanoma are discussed in details. Such a study will be helpful to unveil the mysterious mask of cytokine-based immunotherapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixon H Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | - Vivi A Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Kelm NE, Zhu Z, Ding VA, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Bai Q, Fang Y. The role of IL-29 in immunity and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 106:91-8. [PMID: 27637354 PMCID: PMC7129698 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a new member of the recently discovered interferon λ (IFNλ) family. It is produced predominantly by maturing dendritic cells and macrophages. It has been implicated in numerous immunological responses and has shown antiviral activity similar to the Type I interferons, although its target cell population is more limited than the Type I interferons. In recent years, the role of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of various cancers has also been extensively studied. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances of IL-29 in immunological processes and the pathogenesis of various cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah E Kelm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Vivi A Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States; The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States.
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Johnston A. Interleukin-29: Just an extra string in the bow of Th17 cells or a target for therapeutic exploitation? J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:373-6. [PMID: 27026528 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 6427 Medical Science Building I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Witte E, Kokolakis G, Witte K, Warszawska K, Friedrich M, Christou D, Kirsch S, Sterry W, Volk HD, Sabat R, Wolk K. Interleukin-29 induces epithelial production of CXCR3A ligands and T-cell infiltration. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:391-400. [PMID: 26612594 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Psoriasis is considered as a model for chronic immune-mediated disorders. Th17-cells are pivotal players in those diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that Th17-cells produce interleukin (IL)-29 and that IL-29 is highly present in psoriatic lesions. Whether IL-29, with its action on epithelial cells and melanocytes, contributes to psoriasis pathogenesis, was unknown so far. Analysis of IL-29-treated human keratinocytes revealed induction of the chemokines CXCL10, CXCL11, and, to a much lesser extent, CXCL9. Unlike these CXCR3A ligands, known to attract Th1-, CD8(+), NK-, and Th1/Th17 transient cells, no influence was found on chemokines attracting other immune cell populations or on molecules modulating the CXCR3A/CXCR3A ligand interaction. CXCR3A ligand expression was also induced by IL-29 in melanocytes and in epidermis models and explanted skin. Regarding other psoriasis-relevant cytokines, interferon-γ and, less potently, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β shared and strengthened IL-29's capacity. Murine IL-29 counterpart injected into mouse skin provoked local CXCL10 and CXCL11 expression, T-cell infiltration, and, in consequence, skin swelling. The elevated IL-29 expression in psoriatic lesions was associated with upregulation of CXCR3A ligands compared to non-lesional skin of these patients and to the skin of healthy donors and atopic dermatitis patients, which lack IL-29 production. Importantly, neutralization of IL-29 reduced CXCR3A ligand levels in explant cultures of psoriatic lesions. Finally, elevated blood CXCL11 levels were found in psoriasis that might be useful for monitoring lesional activity of the IL-29 axis. In summary, the Th17-cytokine IL-29 induces specific chemokines and, in consequence, provokes skin infiltration of potentially pathogenic T-cells. KEY MESSAGES IL-29 selectively induces CXCR3A-binding chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) in skin cells. Murine IL-29 counterpart induces skin T-cell infiltration and inflammation in mice. CXCR3A ligands are IL-29-dependently increased in lesional skin of psoriasis patients. CXCR3A ligand levels in psoriatic skin correlate with epidermal T-cell numbers. Increased blood CXCL11 levels in psoriasis may be a biomarker for local IL-29 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Witte
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Kokolakis
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Witte
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Warszawska
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Demetrios Christou
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kirsch
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sterry
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Research Center Immunosciences, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Group Molecular Immunopathology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
- Research Center Immunosciences, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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Ghoneum M, Agrawal S. Mgn-3/biobran enhances generation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells via upregulation of dec-205 expression on dendritic cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 27:523-30. [PMID: 25572732 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) has been shown to be a potent biological response modifier (BRM) that activates different arms of the immune system, including dendritic cells (DCs), which prime CD4+ helper T-cell responses. The present study explores the ability of MGN-3-activated DCs to prime CD8+ T cells and examines the mechanisms underlying its effect. Human monocyte-derived DCs were treated with MGN-3 (20 and 40 μg/ml). Results indicate that treatment with MGN-3 caused DCs to prime higher granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells. Tumor lysate-pulsed MGN-3 DC also increased tumor cell killing compared to DC-stimulated CD8+ T cells. This was associated with: i) increased expression of DEC-205 in MGN-3-activated DCs in a dose-dependent manner; and ii) MGN-3 induced significant production of Type III interferon, IL29, but not Type I IFNs α and β. These results suggest that MGN-3 is a potent natural adjuvant that efficiently activates DCs and may therefore be useful for mounting an efficient immune response against infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghoneum
- Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - S Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
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Wolk K, Mitsui H, Witte K, Gellrich S, Gulati N, Humme D, Witte E, Gonsior M, Beyer M, Kadin ME, Volk HD, Krueger JG, Sterry W, Sabat R. Deficient Cutaneous Antibacterial Competence in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Role of Th2-Mediated Biased Th17 Function. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5507-16. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Qiu C, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu J, Li M, Wu Y, Xu D, Li M. Hydrodynamic delivery of IL-28B (IFN-λ3) gene ameliorates lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke exposure in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:513-9. [PMID: 24732350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the principal cause of pulmonary inflammatory response. IL-28 (IFN-λ) is a novel group of class II cytokines targeting the epithelial cells and IL-28 responses prominent in lungs can exert important immunomodulatory effects. We tested the hypothesis that IL-28B may modulate the lung inflammation induced by CS. Groups of mice were exposed to CS two times per day for 11 consecutive days. CS exposure induced lymphocyte, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α, IL-17, and IL-4) in the airways. More importantly, all these CS-induced pathogenic changes were significantly inhibited by hydrodynamic delivery of plasmid DNA encoding mouse IL-28B. Thus, our results suggest that IL-28 cytokines are beneficial for the suppression of CS-mediated airway inflammation and may be a therapeutic target in CS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianfa Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Damo Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Mingcai Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a key effector molecule that is produced by activated T cells, including T helper 22 (TH22) cells, TH17 cells and TH1 cells, as well as subsets of innate lymphoid cells. Although IL-22 can act synergistically with IL-17 or tumour necrosis factor, some important functions of IL-22 are unique to this cytokine. Data obtained over the past few years indicate that the IL-22-IL-22 receptor subunit 1 (IL-22R1) system has a high potential clinical relevance in psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease, certain infections and tumours, as well as in liver and pancreas damage. This Review highlights current knowledge of the biology of the IL-22-IL-22R1 system, its role in inflammation, tissue protection, regeneration and antimicrobial defence, as well as the positive and potentially negative consequences of its therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- 1] Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medicine Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [2] Research Center Immunosciences, University Hospital Charité, Hessische Strasse 3-4, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- 1] Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medicine Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [2] Research Center Immunosciences, University Hospital Charité, Hessische Strasse 3-4, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
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Wolk K, Witte K, Witte E, Raftery M, Kokolakis G, Philipp S, Schönrich G, Warszawska K, Kirsch S, Prösch S, Sterry W, Volk HD, Sabat R. IL-29 is produced by T(H)17 cells and mediates the cutaneous antiviral competence in psoriasis. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:204ra129. [PMID: 24068736 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Although both patient groups show strongly impaired skin barrier function, only AD patients frequently suffer from cutaneous viral infections. The mechanisms underlying the distinct susceptibilities to these pathogenetic and often life-threatening infections are unknown. We show that antiviral proteins (AVPs) such as MX1, BST2, ISG15, and OAS2 were strongly elevated in psoriatic compared to AD lesions and healthy skin. Of 30 individually quantified cytokines in psoriatic lesions, interleukin-29 (IL-29) was the only mediator whose expression correlated with the AVP levels. IL-29 was absent in AD lesions, and neutralization of IL-29 in psoriatic skin reduced AVP expression. Accordingly, IL-29 raised AVP levels in isolated keratinocytes, epidermis models, and human skin explants, but did not influence antibacterial protein production. AVP induction correlated with increased antiviral defense of IL-29-treated keratinocytes. Furthermore, IL-29 elevated the expression of signaling elements, resulting in increased sensitivity of keratinocytes toward its own action. We identified T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells as IL-29 producers and demonstrated their ability to increase the antiviral competence of keratinocytes in an IL-29-dependent manner. Transforming growth factor-β and the activity of RORγt/RORα were most critical for the development of IL-29-producing T(H)17 cells. IL-29 secretion by these cells was dependent on NFAT and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and was inhibited by IL-4. These data suggest that T(H)17 cell-derived IL-29, which is absent in AD, mediates the robust antiviral state on psoriatic skin, and demonstrate a new function of T(H)17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wolk
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Galimova E, Akhmetova V, Latipov B, Kingo K, Rätsep R, Traks T, Kõks S, Khusnutdinova E. Analysis of genetic variants of class II cytokine and their receptor genes in psoriasis patients of two ethnic groups from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:9-18. [PMID: 22840887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular basis of pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear, but one unifying hypothesis of disease aetiology is the cytokine network model. The class II cytokines (CF2) and their receptors (CRF2) are all involved in the inflammatory processes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in respective genes have been associated with psoriasis in a previous study of the Estonian population. OBJECTIVE We performed a replication study of 47 SNPs in CF2 and CRF2 genes in independent cohorts of psoriasis patients of two ethnic groups (Russians and Bashkirs) from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. METHODS DNA was obtained from 395 psoriasis patients of two ethnic groups from the Volga-Ural region of Russia and 476 ethnically matched controls. 47 SNPs in the loci of the genes encoding Class II cytokines and their receptors were selected by SNPbrowser version 3.5. Genotyping was performed using the SNPlex™ (Applied Biosystems) platform. RESULTS The genetic variant rs30461 previously associated in original case-control study in Estonians, was also associated in Russians (corrected P-value (Pc=0.008, OR=0.44), but did not reach statistical significance in the Bashkir population. Additionally, the haplotype analysis provided that CC haplotype formed by the SNPs rs30461 and rs955155 had a protective effect in Russians (Pc=0.0024, OR=0.44), supporting the involvement of this locus in the protection against psoriasis. Combined meta-analysis of three populations, including 943 psoriasis patients and 812 healthy controls, showed that the IL29 rs30461 C-allele was not associated with decreased risk of psoriasis (P=0.165, OR=0.68). Moreover, stratification of studies by ethnicity revealed a significant association in the European cohort (P=9.506E-006, OR=0.53). CONCLUSION Therefore, there is no overall evidence of association between psoriasis and SNP rs30461 of the IL29 gene, but there is some evidence to suggest that an association exists in Europeans. However, this current concept should be considered as preliminary and the results need to be confirmed in future independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Galimova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia.
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Grillon C, Matejuk A, Nadim M, Lamerant-Fayel N, Kieda C. News on microenvironmental physioxia to revisit skin cell targeting approaches. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:723-8. [PMID: 22882247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a multifunctional organ and a first line of defense actively protecting from environmental stress caused by injury, microbial treat, UV irradiation and environmental toxins. Diverse cutaneous cell types together with extracellular matrix elements and factors create a dynamic scene for cellular communication crucial in vital processes such as wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. Direct functional success of skin equilibrium depends on its microenvironment settings and particularly the local oxygen tension. Indeed, skin entire milieu is characterized by and highly dependent on its low oxygen tension called physioxia as emphasized in this review. In the context of skin physioxia, we review and propose here new approaches to minimize age-related changes in skin state and function. We particularly emphasize carbohydrate-mediated interactions and new 3D models of engineered skin substitutes. We highlight newly emerged tools and targets including stem cells, miRNAs, matrix metalloproteinases, mitochondria and natural antioxidants that are promising in prevention of skin ageing and disease restraint. In the era of advanced dermatology, new attempts are bringing us closer to 'well being' perception.
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Activation of type III interferon genes by pathogenic bacteria in infected epithelial cells and mouse placenta. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39080. [PMID: 22720036 PMCID: PMC3375250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections trigger the expression of type I and II interferon genes but little is known about their effect on type III interferon (IFN-λ) genes, whose products play important roles in epithelial innate immunity against viruses. Here, we studied the expression of IFN-λ genes in cultured human epithelial cells infected with different pathogenic bacteria and in the mouse placenta infected with Listeria monocytogenes. We first showed that in intestinal LoVo cells, induction of IFN-λ genes by L. monocytogenes required bacterial entry and increased further during the bacterial intracellular phase of infection. Other Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis, also induced IFN-λ genes when internalized by LoVo cells. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Chlamydia trachomatis did not substantially induce IFN-λ. We also found that IFN-λ genes were up-regulated in A549 lung epithelial cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in HepG2 hepatocytes and BeWo trophoblastic cells infected with L. monocytogenes. In a humanized mouse line permissive to fetoplacental listeriosis, IFN-λ2/λ3 mRNA levels were enhanced in placentas infected with L. monocytogenes. In addition, the feto-placental tissue was responsive to IFN-λ2. Together, these results suggest that IFN-λ may be an important modulator of the immune response to Gram-positive intracellular bacteria in epithelial tissues.
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Host regulatory network response to infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. J Virol 2011; 85:10955-67. [PMID: 21865398 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05792-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, more than half of humans infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have died, yet virus-induced host signaling has yet to be clearly elucidated. Airway epithelia are known to produce inflammatory mediators that contribute to HPAI H5N1-mediated pathogenicity, but a comprehensive analysis of the host response in this cell type is lacking. Here, we leveraged a system approach to identify and statistically validate signaling subnetworks that define the dynamic transcriptional response of human bronchial epithelial cells after infection with influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1, VN1203). Importantly, we validated a subset of transcripts from one subnetwork in both Calu-3 cells and mice. A more detailed examination of two subnetworks involved in the immune response and keratinization processes revealed potential novel mediators of HPAI H5N1 pathogenesis and host response signaling. Finally, we show how these results compare to those for a less virulent strain of influenza virus. Using emergent network properties, we provide fresh insight into the host response to HPAI H5N1 virus infection and identify novel avenues for perturbation studies and potential therapeutic interventions for fatal HPAI H5N1 disease.
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He SH, Chen X, Song CH, Liu ZQ, Zhou LF, Ma WJ, Zhao LD, Li TL, Tang SG, Xing Z, Yang PC. Interferon-λ mediates oral tolerance and inhibits antigen-specific, T-helper 2 cell-mediated inflammation in mouse intestine. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:249-58, 258.e1-2. [PMID: 21569774 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oral tolerance is an important component of gastrointestinal homeostasis, but mechanisms of its development are not fully understood. Loss of oral tolerance occurs during food allergen-related inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Interferon (IFN)-λ regulates immunity, but its role in oral tolerance is not clear. We investigated the role and the mechanism of IFN-λ in the development of oral tolerance and its effect on antigen-induced, T-helper (Th)-2 cell-mediated inflammation in the intestine. METHODS Expression of IFN-λ and its receptor were analyzed by immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, or immunoblot analyses. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells were examined in vitro and in vivo. A mouse model of antigen-induced, Th2 cell-mediated intestinal inflammation was used to examine the role of IFN-λ and T cells in oral tolerance in the intestine. RESULTS CD3+ cells expressed the IFN-λ receptor, which was up-regulated following antigen-specific or nonspecific activation. Interaction between IFN-λ and its receptor induced apoptosis of T cells and their subsequent phagocytosis by DCs. This led to the generation of tolerogenic DCs and T regulatory cells in vitro and in vivo. Passive transfer of IFN-λ-primed CD3+ cells inhibited Th2 cell-mediated inflammation in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS IFN-λ is involved in development and maintenance of oral tolerance in the intestines of mice; it might be used to suppress antigen-specific Th2 cell-mediated inflammation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Heng He
- Clinical Experimental Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Fedenko ES, Elisyutina OG, Filimonova TM, Boldyreva MN, Burmenskaya OV, Rebrova OY, Yarilin AA, Khaitov RM. Cytokine gene expression in the skin and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals. SELF NONSELF 2011; 2:120-124. [PMID: 22299064 DOI: 10.4161/self.2.2.16939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an increasingly common, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired epidermal barrier function and cutaneous inflammation. The prevalence of AD has steadily increased during the past few decades. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate cytokine gene expression in the skin and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS: In the skin of patients with AD, a significant increase of the level of gene expression was observed for interleukin (IL)-2r (p < 0.0023), IL-5 (p = 0.002), IL-6 (p < 0.0023), IL-8 (p = 0.01), IL-12B (p < 0.0023), IL-10 (p < 0.0023), IL-23 (p = 0.002), IL-29 (p < 0.0023), and transforming growth factor beta (tGFbeta) (p < 0.0023) as compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, no difference between AD patients and healthy donors was detected with respect to cytokine gene expression in the peripheral blood. METHODS: Samples of skin and peripheral blood from 48 severe AD patients (SCORAD = 78.5 [57;89], IGA = 4.2 [3,9;4,7]) at the age of 17 to 45 years and 20 healthy donors aged from 19 to 32 years were analyzed for gene expression of cytokines using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CONCLUSIONS: Activity of markers of chronic inflammation and Th1 immune response in severe AD, namely IL-2r, IL-8, IL-12B, IL-23, IL-29 and TGFbeta, as well as activity of anti-inflammatory IL-5 were predominant in the skin but not in the blood of AD patients.
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Donnelly RP, Kotenko SV. Interferon-lambda: a new addition to an old family. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 30:555-64. [PMID: 20712453 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and initial description of the interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda) family in early 2003 opened an exciting new chapter in the field of IFN research. There are 3 IFN-lambda genes that encode 3 distinct but highly related proteins denoted IFN-lambda1, -lambda2, and -lambda3. These proteins are also known as interleukin-29 (IL-29), IL-28A, and IL-28B, respectively. Collectively, these 3 cytokines comprise the type III subset of IFNs. They are distinct from both type I and type II IFNs for a number of reasons, including the fact that they signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex that is different from the receptors used by type I or type II IFNs. Although type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta) and type III IFNs (IFN-lambda) signal via distinct receptor complexes, they activate the same intracellular signaling pathway and many of the same biological activities, including antiviral activity, in a wide variety of target cells. Consistent with their antiviral activity, expression of the IFN-lambda genes and their corresponding proteins is inducible by infection with many types of viruses. Therefore, expression of the type III IFNs (IFN-lambdas) and their primary biological activity are very similar to the type I IFNs. However, unlike IFN-alpha receptors which are broadly expressed on most cell types, including leukocytes, IFN-lambda receptors are largely restricted to cells of epithelial origin. The potential clinical importance of IFN-lambda as a novel antiviral therapeutic agent is already apparent. In addition, preclinical studies by several groups indicate that IFN-lambda may also be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for other clinical indications, including certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Abstract
In 2001, six immune mediators (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26) were grouped into the so-called IL-10 family of cytokines based on their similarities with respect to the structure and location of their encoding genes, their primary and secondary protein structures, and the receptor complexes used. Surprisingly, despite all these similarities, IL-10 family members possess different biological functions. The currently known facts regarding the biological effects of these six immune mediators give the impression that at least IL-10, IL-20, and IL-22 play an important role in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases. This review provides an overview of the most important and common aspects of the IL-10 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Interdisciplinary group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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