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Zhou S, Xu T, Zhang X, Luo J, An P, Luo Y. Effect of Casein Hydrolysate on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194207. [PMID: 36235859 PMCID: PMC9573574 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein hydrolysate has various biological functional activities, especially prominent are angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. Increasing evidence has reported the prominent hypotensive effect of casein hydrolysate. However, the effects of casein hydrolysate on cardiovascular risk factors remain unclear and require more comprehensive and detailed studies. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize the effects of casein hydrolysate supplementation on blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose. In the pooled analyses, casein hydrolysate significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.20 mmHg (-4.53 to -1.87 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure by 1.50 mmHg (-2.31 to -0.69 mmHg). Supplementation of casein hydrolysate displayed no effect on total cholesterol (-0.07 mmol/L; -0.17 to 0.03 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.04 mmol/L; -0.15 to 0.08 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.01 mmol/L; -0.06 to 0.03 mmol/L), triglycerides (-0.05 mmol/L, -0.14 to 0.05 mmol/L), or fasting blood glucose (-0.01 mmol/L; -0.10 to 0.09 mmol/L) compared with the placebo diets. Collectively, this study indicated that supplementation of casein hydrolysate displayed decreasing effect on blood pressure without affecting blood lipids or glycemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng An
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (P.A.); (Y.L.)
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Grootaert C, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Matthijs B, Possemiers S, Van der Saag H, Van Camp J, Lucey A. Clinical aspects of egg bioactive peptide research: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Flemisch Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) Boeretang 200 B‐2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemisch Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) Boeretang 200 B‐2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Bea Matthijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Hans Van der Saag
- Bioactor BV Brightlands Health Campus Gaetano Martinolaan 85 6229 GS Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Alice Lucey
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research School of Food & Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Western Road T12 HY8E Cork Ireland
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Lucey AJ, Heneghan C, Manning E, Kroon PA, Kiely ME. Effect of an egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysate on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in adults with a mildly elevated blood pressure: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2823-2833. [PMID: 30284065 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While animal and in vitro data demonstrate vasodilatory effects of egg white-derived peptides, human studies are lacking. We investigated for the first time the effects of an egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysate on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial was implemented in 75 adults aged 50-70 years with systolic BP (130-≤ 150 mmHg). Participants were randomized to an egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysate (3 g/day) or placebo (3 g/day). Participants completed two 6-week periods separated by a 3-week washout. RESULTS Data from 65 participants with a mean systolic BP (135.1 ± 11 mmHg) were included. Mean office and central BP and arterial stiffness (assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) or pulse wave analysis (PWA)) did not change over time and no significant differences were observed between the egg protein hydrolysate and placebo groups (P > 0.05). Similarly, no significant effects of this egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysate on blood lipid and glucose concentrations (P > 0.05) were observed. CONCLUSION This is the first dietary intervention to investigate the effects of egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysates on cardiovascular risk in humans. Despite promising findings from animal and in vitro studies, this RCT does not support the hypothesis that consumption of an egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysate for 6 weeks in adults with a high-normal BP results in a reduction in BP or the modification of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Lucey
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Clara Heneghan
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Edmund Manning
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Máiréad E Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
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Akazawa N, Hamasaki A, Tanahashi K, Kosaki K, Yoshikawa T, Myoenzono K, Maeda S. Lactotripeptide ingestion increases cerebral blood flow velocity in middle-aged and older adults. Nutr Res 2018; 53:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effects of NWT-03, an egg-protein hydrolysate, on blood pressure in normotensive, high-normotensive and mild-hypertensive men and women: a dose-finding study. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:942-950. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are important agents in blood pressure (BP) management. It was recently shown that the egg-protein hydrolysate NWT-03 inhibited ACE in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. We therefore designed a dose-finding study to assess the effects of 1, 2 and 5 g NWT-03 on daytime, 36-h, and night-time systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) in ninety-two generally healthy subjects with normal BP (n 29), high-normal BP (n 34) or mild hypertension (n 29). The study had a cross-over design with six treatment arms (1 g NWT-03 or placebo in period 1 and placebo or 1 g NWT-03 in period 2, 2 g NTW-03 or placebo in period 1 and placebo or 2 g NWT-03 in period 2, or 5 g NTW-03 or placebo in period 1 and placebo or 5 g NTW-03 in period 2). A comparable number of subjects from each BP class were included in each study arm. Duration of both treatments in each arm was 7 d, separated by 5-d wash-out periods. BP was measured with an ambulatory BP monitor before and after the treatments. In mild-hypertensive subjects, 2 g NWT-03 significantly decreased daytime SBP (7·9 mmHg; P=0·006), daytime DBP (4·2 mmHg; P=0·009), 36-h SBP (6·9 mmHg; P=0·015) and 36-h DBP (3·5 mmHg; P=0·035) compared with placebo subjects. In addition, in mild-hypertensive subjects, 5 g NWT-03 significantly decreased night-time SBP (14·8 mmHg; P=0·008) and night-time DBP (8·4 mmHg; P=0·020) compared with that in placebo subjects. To conclude, we found that 2 g NWT-03 lowered daytime and 36-h BP in subjects with mild hypertension, and 5 g NWT-03 lowered night-time BP in subjects with mild hypertension. As no dose–response relationship was evident, these results should be interpreted with care, and additional studies are needed.
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A, Rosticci M, Cagnati M, Urso R, Giovannini M, Borghi C, D'Addato S. Effect of Lactotripeptides (Isoleucine-Proline-Proline/Valine-Proline-Proline) on Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness Changes in Subjects with Suboptimal Blood Pressure Control and Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 14:161-6. [PMID: 26683986 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactotripeptides (LTPs) have a mild antihypertensive effect in hypertensive subjects. The main aim of our clinical trial was to test if LTPs could have some influence on blood pressure (BP) and related hemodynamic parameters in a sample of outpatients affected by metabolic syndrome. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted in a group of 40 nonsmoking volunteers with metabolic syndrome. The treatment periods were 4 weeks long and were separated by a 4-week washout period. The dietary supplementation was made by daily administration of LTPs from casein, 10.2 mg/day, and compared with placebo. RESULTS During the LTP treatment, patients experienced a significant mean decrease in systolic BP (SBP; -3.4 ± 4.4 mmHg, P = 0.041), diastolic BP (DBP; -3.1 ± 3.2 mmHg, P = 0.049), and pulse wave velocity (PWV; -0.7 ± 0.3 m/sec, P = 0.001). After LTP treatment, delta SBP, DBP, and PP were all significantly improved (P < 0.01 for all) compared with placebo. PWV also improved significantly after LTP treatment with respect to the end of the treatment with placebo (-0.8 ± 0.4 vs. -0.1 ± 0.3 m/sec, P = 0.009). The square root of the ratio of peak:baseline pulse volume during hyperemia (√V2/V1) improved after LTP treatment only (1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5, P = 0.04). Through the evaluation of the hemodynamic parameters that were measured by the 24-hr ambulatory monitoring, we observed that SBP, MBP, and the percentage of time with SBP over the normal were significantly reduced only after the LTP treatment (P < 0.05). These parameters were also significantly improved when compared with the ones measured after the placebo treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In our trial, during LTP treatment, patients affected by metabolic syndrome experienced a mild but significant improvement in office and 24-hr BP, PWV, and endothelial function compared with placebo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Cagnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio D'Addato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
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Gleeson JP, Heade J, Ryan SM, Brayden DJ. Stability, toxicity and intestinal permeation enhancement of two food-derived antihypertensive tripeptides, Ile-Pro-Pro and Leu-Lys-Pro. Peptides 2015; 71:1-7. [PMID: 26048090 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two food-derived ACE inhibitory peptides, Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) and Leu-Lys-Pro (LKP), may have potential as alternative treatments for treatment of mild- or pre-hypertension. Lack of stability to secretory and intracellular peptidases and poor permeability across intestinal epithelia are typical limiting factors of oral delivery of peptides. The stability of IPP and LKP was confirmed in vitro in rat intestinal washes, and intestinal and liver homogenates over 60min. A positive protein control for peptidases, insulin, was significantly digested in each format over the same period. Neither tripeptide showed cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 and Hep G2 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, even after chronic exposure. The basal Papp of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled IPP and FITC-LKP across isolated rat jejunal and colonic mucosae were low, but were significantly increased in each tissue type by the medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) permeation enhancers, sodium caprate (C10) and the sodium salt of 10-undecylenic acid (uC11). IPP and LKP were therefore stable against intestinal and liver peptidases and were non-cytotoxic; their Papp values across rat intestinal mucosae were low, but could be increased by MCFA. There is potential to make on oral dosage form once in vivo pharmacology is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gleeson
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joanne Heade
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Ryan
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Fekete ÁA, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Casein-derived lactotripeptides reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Nutrients 2015; 7:659-81. [PMID: 25608938 PMCID: PMC4303860 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to treat individuals with high blood pressure (BP) with effective dietary strategies. Previous studies suggest a small, but significant decrease in BP after lactotripeptides (LTP) ingestion, although the data are inconsistent. The study aim was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of data from all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCT). Medline, Cochrane library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched until May 2014. Eligibility criteria were RCT that examined the effects of LTP on BP in adults, with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) as outcome measures. Thirty RCT met the inclusion criteria, which resulted in 33 sets of data. The pooled treatment effect for SBP was −2.95 mmHg (95% CI: −4.17, −1.73; p < 0.001), and for DBP was −1.51 mmHg (95% CI: −2.21, −0.80; p < 0.001). Sub-group analyses revealed that reduction of BP in Japanese studies was significantly greater, compared with European studies (p = 0.002 for SBP and p < 0.001 for DBP). The 24-h ambulatory BP (AMBP) response to LTP supplementation was statistically non-significant (p = 0.101 for SBP and p = 0.166 for DBP). Both publication bias and “small-study effect” were identified, which shifted the treatment effect towards less significant SBP and non-significant DBP reduction after LTP consumption. LTP may be effective in BP reduction, especially in Japanese individuals; however sub-group, meta-regression analyses and statistically significant publication biases suggest inconsistencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes A Fekete
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - D Ian Givens
- Food Production and Quality Research Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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Hove KD, Brøns C, Færch K, Lund SS, Rossing P, Vaag A. Effects of 12 weeks of treatment with fermented milk on blood pressure, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:11-20. [PMID: 25300285 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have indicated a blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of milk-derived peptides in non-diabetic individuals, but the cardiometabolic effects of such peptides in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not known. We investigated the effect of milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus on BP, glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in T2D. DESIGN A randomised, double-blinded, prospective, placebo-controlled study. METHODS In one arm of a factorial study design, 41 patients with T2D were randomised to receive 300 ml milk fermented with L. helveticus (Cardi04 yogurt) (n=23) or 300 ml artificially acidified milk (placebo yogurt) (n=18) for 12 weeks. BPs were measured over 24-h, and blood samples were collected in the fasting state and during a meal test before and after the intervention. RESULTS Cardi04 yogurt did not reduce 24-h, daytime or nighttime systolic or diastolic BPs compared with placebo (P>0.05). Daytime and 24-h heart rate (HR) were significantly reduced in the group treated by Cardi04 yogurt compared with the placebo group (P<0.05 for both). There were no differences in HbA1c, plasma lipids, C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumour necrosis factor alpha, tissue-type plasminogen activator: Ag, and von Willebrand factor: Ag between the groups. The change in fasting blood glucose concentration differed significantly between the two groups with a larger increase in the placebo group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of milk fermented with L. helveticus compared with placebo for 12 weeks did not significantly reduce BP in patients with T2D. Our finding of lower HRs and fasting plasma glucose levels in T2D patients during ingestion of fermented milk needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hove
- Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Brøns
- Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S S Lund
- Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center A/SNiels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkHealthUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Qin LQ, Xu JY, Dong JY, Zhao Y, van Bladeren P, Zhang W. Lactotripeptides intake and blood pressure management: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:395-402. [PMID: 23566677 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lactotripeptides (LTPs, including IPP and VPP) have held promise in the framework of lifestyle modification for prevention and control of hypertension - a cardiovascular risk factor, as LTPs are reported to have an inhibitory effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme. While the number of clinical trials to test the efficacy of LTP continues to increase, the results have been inconsistent, especially in the last few years. The purpose of the present meta-analysis is to precisely estimate the pooled mean effect of LTPs on conventional blood pressure (BP) generally and on 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP) particularly, as well as the change of BP in relation to baseline BP, race, and study design, to better reflect the evolving field. DATA SYNTHESIS In general analysis of 24 studies with 28 trials on 1919 human subjects, there are small reductions in both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) with the pooled mean effects of 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): -2.48 and -0.84) and 0.76 mmHg (-1.31 and -0.20) in response to LTP administration. In analysis of 24-h ABP response to LTP intervention, the reductions of SBP and DBP are 1.30 (-2.49 and -0.11) and 0.57 mmHg (-1.49 and 0.35). In subgroup analysis, the anti-hypertensive efficacy appears to be related to baseline BP, ethnic differences, treatment duration and double versus not double-blind design. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that the BP-lowering effect of LTP is statistically significant, though small in magnitude. More clinical investigations (especially randomized double-blind trials with ABP) are warranted to determine the anti-hypertensive efficacy of LTP conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-Q Qin
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Cicero AFG, Aubin F, Azais-Braesco V, Borghi C. Do the lactotripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline reduce systolic blood pressure in European subjects? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:442-9. [PMID: 23382495 PMCID: PMC3565599 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The milk-derived peptides isoleucine–proline–proline (IPP) and valine–proline– proline (VPP) have been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP). This decrease is convincingly shown in subjects of Asian origin, but less consistent results have been obtained in European populations. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted in accord with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) requirements, to assess the effect of IPP and VPP on SBP in Europeans, and to explore some determinants of this effect. RESULTS Ninety-one publications on the effect of IPP and VPP on SBP in Europeans were identified, and 14 trials with 15 sets of data (n = 1,306) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. A random-effects model (using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimator) was used for the analysis. Although not all individual trials showed a statistically significant effect of IPP or VPP in reducing SBP, the combination of all data for the two peptides yielded a statistically significantly greater effect for IPP/VPP than for placebo. The decrease in SBP with IPP/VPP was 1.28mm Hg (95% CI, –2.09 to –0.48, P = 0.0017) and the decrease in diastolic BP (DBP) was 0.59mm Hg (95% CI, –1.18 to –0.01, P = 0.047). There was no evidence in the meta-analysis of any publication bias or of heterogeneity (P = 0.13). Among other features, a significant effect was seen for age, with each additional year of age reducing the effect on SBP by 0.09mm Hg. This might be related to isolated systolic hypertension, a condition often encountered in the elderly, who may be poorly responsive to first-line treatments for hypertension. CONCLUSION The peptides IPP and VPP are effective in moderately reducing SBP in European subjects, as is known for Asian populations. These two peptides could therefore have a role in controlling blood pressure (BP), a prospect that merits their further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Disease Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Turpeinen AM, Järvenpää S, Kautiainen H, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Antihypertensive effects of bioactive tripeptides-a random effects meta-analysis. Ann Med 2013; 45:51-6. [PMID: 23305234 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2012.663926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis of possible antihypertensive effects of small doses of bioactive tripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline in commercial milk products or tablets was carried out. A random effects model was used on 19 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical intervention trials (published 1996-October 2010) consisting of about 1500 prehypertensive or mildly hypertensive subjects.The overall blood pressure lowering for systolic blood pressure was -4.0 mmHg (95% CI -5.9 to -2.1 mmHg, P < 0.001) and for diastolic blood pressure -1.9 mmHg (95% CI -3.1 to -0.8 mmHg, P < 0.001). However, a positive effect was not reported in all the studies. The results suggest that rather small daily doses of the lactotripeptides in different functional food products may offer a valuable option as a non-pharmacological treatment of prehypertension or mild hypertension as part of life-style advice.
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to isoleucine‐proline‐proline (IPP) and valine‐proline‐proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 661, 1831, 1832, 2891, further assessment) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Cicero AFG, Rosticci M, Ferroni A, Bacchelli S, Veronesi M, Strocchi E, Borghi C. Predictors of the short-term effect of isoleucine-proline-proline/valine-proline-proline lactotripeptides from casein on office and ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with pharmacologically untreated high-normal blood pressure or first-degree hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 34:601-5. [PMID: 22574612 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.681731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the predictors of Isoleucine-Proline-Proline/Valine-Proline-Proline (IPP-VPP) lactotripeptides (LTPs) antihypertensive effect in the context of a short-term large double-blind randomized clinical trial involving 164 pharmacologically untreated subjects in primary prevention for cardiovascular disease. When compared with the baseline, office systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-3.42 mm Hg, P < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (-2.35 mm Hg, P < .001) significantly decreased, in the LTP-treated patients only. No significant change in predictors during the study of ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) parameters was observed. A short-term supplementation with LTPs significantly improves the office SBP and DBP, especially in male subjects. The main predictor of LTP antihypertensive effect was the baseline BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F G Cicero
- Hypertension Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Disease, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermented milk has been suggested to have a blood pressure lowering effect through increased content of proteins and peptides produced during the bacterial fermentation. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease world wide and new blood pressure reducing lifestyle interventions, such as fermented milk, would be of great importance. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether fermented milk or similar products produced by lactobacilli fermentation of milk proteins has any blood pressure lowering effect in humans when compared to no treatment or placebo. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), English language databases, including MEDLINE (1966-2011), EMBASE (1974-2011), Cochrane Complementary Medicine Trials Register, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) (1985-2011), Food science and technology abstracts (1969-2011). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials; cross over and parallel studies evaluating the effect on blood pressure of fermented milk in humans with an intervention period of 4 weeks or longer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data was extracted individually by two authors, afterwards agreement had to be obtained before imputation in the review. MAIN RESULTS A modest overall effect of fermented milk on SBP was found (MD -2.45; 95% CI -4.30 to -0.60), no effect was evident on DBP (MD -0.67; 95% CI -1.48, 0.14). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The review does not support an effect of fermented milk on blood pressure. Despite the positive effect on SBP the authors conclude, for several reasons, that fermented milk has no effect on blood pressure. The effect found was very modest and only on SBP, the included studies were very heterogeneous and several with weak methodology. Finally, sensitivity and subgroup analyses could not reproduce the antihypertensive effect. The results do not give notion to the use of fermented milk as treatment for hypertension or as a lifestyle intervention for pre-hypertension nor would it influence population blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Usinger
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Glostrup, Glostrup,
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Cicero AFG, Rosticci M, Gerocarni B, Bacchelli S, Veronesi M, Strocchi E, Borghi C. Lactotripeptides effect on office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, blood pressure stress response, pulse wave velocity and cardiac output in patients with high-normal blood pressure or first-degree hypertension: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1035-40. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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