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Łyko L, Olech M, Gawlik U, Krajewska A, Kalemba D, Tyśkiewicz K, Piórecki N, Prokopiv A, Nowak R. Rhododendron luteum Sweet Flower Supercritical CO 2 Extracts: Terpenes Composition, Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9952. [PMID: 39337440 PMCID: PMC11432528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are plant secondary metabolites known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. According to ethnobotanical knowledge, Rhododendron luteum Sweet was used in traditional medicine against inflammation. The present study was conducted to determine the triterpene profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extracts of Rhododendron luteum Sweet flower (RLF). An LC-APCI-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of eight pentacyclic triterpenes and one phytosterol in the extracts obtained with pure CO2 as well as CO2 with the addition of aqueous ethanol as a co-solvent. Among the compounds detected, oleanolic/ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and 3β-taraxerol were the most abundant. The extract obtained with pure SC-CO2 was additionally subjected to HS-SPME-GC-FID-MS, which revealed more than 100 volatiles, mainly eugenol, β-phenylethanol, dodecane, β-caryophyllene, estragole and (Z)- and (E)-cinnamyl alcohol, followed by δ-cadinene. The extracts demonstrated significant hyaluronidase inhibition and exhibited varying modes of lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. The studies of RLF have shown that their SC-CO2 extracts can be a rich source of triterpenes with anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Łyko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Olech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Gawlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, ul. Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krajewska
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Danuta Kalemba
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
- Supercritical Extraction Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network-New Chemical Syntheses Institute, ul. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, ul. Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Andriy Prokopiv
- Department of Botany, Botanical Garden, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Renata Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Marsh JM, Whitaker S, Li L, Fang R, Simmonds MSJ, Vagkidis N, Chechik V. The key phytochemistry of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) contributing to hair protection against UV. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:749-760. [PMID: 37461190 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) are analysed for their phytochemistry using LC-MS and the phytochemistry identified. The same extracts were tested for their efficacy to act as antioxidants by both hydrogen-atom transfer (ORAC) and single electron transfer (FRAP). A correlation analysis was performed to identify the key phytochemistry responsible for antioxidant efficacy. The top performing extracts were then tested in a peptide model and in hair with the presence of UV to measure ability to protect against UV-induced peptide and protein damage. Polyphenols (e.g. rosmarinic acid, glycosides of selgin) and abietane diterpenes (e.g. carnosic acid) in rosemary were identified as the principal compounds which enables the extracts to protect hair from UV. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to correlate the phytochemistry of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), a botanical with known antioxidant properties, to a UV protection benefit in hair. These data will give insights into mechanisms of UV damage, the ROS formed and their reactivity. METHODS LC-MS was used to compare the compounds in 10 commercial extracts of rosemary. ORAC (oxygen radical antioxidant capacity) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the rosemary extracts. The ORAC assay measures ability of an antioxidant to react with a peroxyl radical via hydrogen atom extraction and FRAP measures electron transfer through reduction of ferric iron (Fe3+ ) to ferrous iron (Fe2+ ) by antioxidants present in the samples. Correlation of extract composition with antioxidant measures was performed using principal component analysis. Selected extracts were assessed for their ability to protect hair from UV damage in a model peptide system and on hair. In addition, the same methods were used to test rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid, key phytochemistries in the rosemary extracts. The model system was a peptide and its decomposition on exposure to UV was monitored by LC-MS in the absence and presence of the rosemary extracts. Hair degradation in the presence of UV was measured by exposure of UV in an Atlas weatherometer followed by extraction of degraded protein in water. A fragment of the S100A3 protein was used as a marker of UV damage (m/z = 1278) and quantified via LC-MS. RESULTS Ten rosemary extracts were assessed for antioxidant performance and correlated with their compositions. The phytochemistry in each extract varied widely with a total of 33 individual compounds identified. The differences were most likely driven by the solvent and extraction method used by the supplier with extracts varying in the proportion of polar or non-polar compounds. This did influence their reactivity in the ORAC and FRAP assays and their efficacy in preventing protein damage. Two of the key compounds identified were rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid, with rosmarinic acid dominating in extracts with mainly polar compounds and carnosic acid dominating in extracts with mainly nonpolar compounds. Extracts with higher rosmarinic acid correlated with ORAC and FRAP scores, with UV protection on hair and in the peptide model system. The extracts chosen for hair experiments showed hair protection. UV protection was also measured for rosmarinic and carnosic acid. CONCLUSIONS Despite the variation in the profile of phytochemistries in the 10 rosemary extracts, likely driven by the chosen extraction method, all rosemary extracts had antioxidant activity measured. This study suggests that the polyphenols (e.g. rosmarinic acid, glycosides of selgin) and abietane diterpenes (e.g. carnosic acid) are the principal compounds which enables the extracts to protect hair from UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Marsh
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lijuan Li
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - Rui Fang
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Surrey, UK
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Farouk SM, Abdel-Rahman HG, Abdallah OA, El-Behidy NG. Comparative immunomodulatory efficacy of rosemary and fenugreek against Escherichia coli infection via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress in broilers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40053-40067. [PMID: 35112249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Broiler chickens are frequently infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, which often leads to the emergence of many diseases and high economic losses. Hence, the current study was conducted to assess the relative efficacy of dietary rosemary and fenugreek, under E. coli infection in broilers and their ability to replace antimicrobials without any loss of productivity or negative influence on broiler health, via evaluation of growth performance, biochemical indices, immune response and histo-morphological changes. Eighty Cobb broilers were allotted to four equal groups (n = 20 chicks/group): control non-infected (CN), control infected (CI), rosemary infected (RI) and fenugreek infected (FI) groups. The RI and FI groups revealed a significant elevation in their body weight and body weight gain compared with the CI group. However, both groups showed a significant decline in serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as uric acid and creatinine levels. A significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was noted among CI chicks. Moreover, distinctly higher activities were evident in both RI and FI groups. Assessment of immunomodulatory markers showed a significant increase in immunoglobulin G along with a significant decline in interleukin-6 level in both RI and FI groups, with the lowest IL-6 value within FI group. Histopathological evaluations focused on the deleterious effect associated with E. coli infection of broilers' liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Partial histological improvement was noticed among RI group, and nearly normal tissues were recorded in FI group. Overall, the obtained findings suggest the ability of fenugreek to mitigate the adverse effects of E. coli infection on broiler performance and tissue profiles, by improving the general health status of the broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh M Farouk
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Haidy G Abdel-Rahman
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Osama A Abdallah
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Grigore A, Vulturescu V, Neagu G, Ungureanu P, Panteli M, Rasit I. Antioxidant–Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formula. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020114. [PMID: 35215227 PMCID: PMC8874475 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most disease—both acute and chronic—results from inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered some of the strongest stimuli of inflammation. Many studies reported the traditional use of herbal species for treating inflammation, especially when ROS are involved. The present study aims to demonstrate the antioxidant–anti-inflammatory effects of a patented preparation based on Populus nigra and Rosmarinus officinalis extracts and to highlight its applicative potential; the formula was characterized by HPTLC and HPLC and in-vitro studies were conducted on TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. The antioxidant activity of the formula was determined by DPPH assay and the phosphomolybdenum method; to assess in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity, a rat paw edema model was used; the formula contains high amounts of polyphenols. It exhibited scavenging activity of 50–85% at 1–10 mg/mL, it inhibited nitrite production and ICAM-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cell cultures dose-dependently, at a maximum of 58.7% at the maximum dose administered and exerted an obvious anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, settling early and decreasing at 180 min; a new herbal bioactive product was presented with promising therapeutic potential that can be an adjunct to conventional therapies for diseases based on oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Encapsulated Rosemary Essential Oil within Amylose Nanostructures as a Natural Antimicrobial in Food Applications. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Comparative study of rosemary extracts and several synthetic and natural food antioxidants. Relevance of carnosic acid/carnosol ratio. Food Chem 2020; 309:125688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kim S, Yoo G, Lee T, Lee J, Kang K, Yang H, Park Y, Kim S. Simultaneous determination of two diterpenoids, continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid, in the water extract of Aralia continentalis and their wound-healing activity. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_344_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Influence of a shear post-treatment on rheological properties, microstructure and physical stability of emulgels formed by rosemary essential oil and a fumed silica. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lu M, Cao Y, Xiao J, Song M, Ho CT. Molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of bioactive ingredients in common spices: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:4569-4581. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the anti-obesity effects of bioactive compounds in common spices in adipocytes, animal models and human participants have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwen Lu
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
- Department of Food Science
| | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
- Department of Food Science
| | - Mingyue Song
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
- Department of Food Science
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
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Bendif H, Boudjeniba M, Djamel Miara M, Biqiku L, Bramucci M, Caprioli G, Lupidi G, Quassinti L, Sagratini G, Vitali LA, Vittori S, Maggi F. Rosmarinus eriocalyx: An alternative to Rosmarinus officinalis as a source of antioxidant compounds. Food Chem 2017; 218:78-88. [PMID: 27719960 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinus eriocalyx is an aromatic evergreen bush endemic to Algeria where it is used as a condiment to flavour soups and meat and as a traditional remedy. In the present work we have analyzed for the first time the phenolic composition of polar extracts obtained from stems, leaves and flowers of R. eriocalyx by HPLC, and determined the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC and agar disc diffusion methods, respectively. Results showed that ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers are a rich source of phenolic compounds, mainly rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol that are the main responsible for the noteworthy antioxidant activity observed in the assays. This study showed that R. eriocalyx might be a spice to be included in the European food additive list and used as a preservative agent besides R. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Kouba, Algiers, Algeria; Faculty of Sciences, Natural and Life Sciences Department, Mohamed Boudiaf University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Messaoud Boudjeniba
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Djamel Miara
- Faculty of Sciences, Natural and Life Sciences Department, Mohamed Boudiaf University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Loreta Biqiku
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca A Vitali
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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11
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Protective effects of ethanolic extract of rosemary against lead-induced hepato-renal damage in rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:451-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Borges LL, Martins FS, Conceição EC, Silveira D. Optimization of the Spray-Drying Process for Developing Jabuticaba Waste Powder Employing Response Surface Methodology. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo L. Borges
- Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | | | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade de Brasília; Brasília DF Brazil
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Hu Y, Zhang N, Fan Q, Lin M, Zhang C, Fan G, Zhai X, Zhang F, Chen Z, Yao J. Protective efficacy of carnosic acid against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells through the SIRT1 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:625-31. [PMID: 26059423 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), found in rosemary, has been reported to have antioxidant and antiadipogenic properties. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism by which CA inhibits hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in HepG2 cells. Cells were pretreated with 2.5–10 μmol/L CA for 2 h and then exposed to 3 mmol/L H2O2 for an additional 4 h. CA dose-dependently increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activities. Pretreatment with CA completely attenuated the inhibited expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and the B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), and reduced glutathione activity caused by H2O2, whereas it reversed reactive oxygen species accumulation and the increase in cleaved caspase-3. Importantly, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, was significantly increased by CA. Considering the above results, we hypothesized that SIRT1 may play important roles in the protective effects of CA in injury induced by H2O2. As expected, SIRT1 suppression by Ex527 (6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide) and siRNA-mediated SIRT1 silencing (si-SIRT1) significantly aggravated the H2O2-induced increased level of cleaved caspase-3 but greatly reduced the decreased expression of MnSOD and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, the positive regulatory effect of CA was inhibited by si-SIRT1. Collectively, the present study indicated that CA can alleviate H2O2-induced hepatocyte damage through the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Musen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangjun Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People’s Republic of China
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Heat and light colour stability of beverages coloured with a natural carotene emulsion: Effect of synthetic versus natural water soluble antioxidants. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jordán MJ, Castillo J, Bañón S, Martínez-Conesa C, Sotomayor JA. Relevance of the carnosic acid/carnosol ratio for the level of rosemary diterpene transfer and for improving lamb meat antioxidant status. Food Chem 2014; 151:212-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Development of a microwave-assisted extraction for the analysis of phenolic compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Tsai CW, Liu KL, Lin YR, Kuo WC. The mechanisms of carnosic acid attenuates tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:654-64. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Lin
- Department of Nutrition; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Nutrition; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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Wang QL, Li H, Li XX, Cui CY, Wang R, Yu NX, Chen LX. Acute and 30-day oral toxicity studies of administered carnosic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4348-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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LC-MS/MS Identification of a Bromelain Peptide Biomarker from Ananas comosus Merr. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:548486. [PMID: 23082082 PMCID: PMC3467939 DOI: 10.1155/2012/548486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bromelain (Br) is a cysteine peptidase (GenBank AEH26024.1) from pineapple, with over 40 years of clinical use. The constituents mediating its anti-inflammatory activity are not thoroughly characterized and no peptide biomarker exists. Our objective is to characterize Br raw material and identify peptides in the plasma of Br treated mice. After SDS-PAGE in-gel digestion, Br (VN#3507; Middletown, CT, USA) peptides were analyzed via LC/MS/MS using 95% protein probability, 95% peptide probability, and a minimum peptide number = 5. Br spiked mouse plasma (1 ug/ul) and plasma from i.p. treated mice (12 mg/kg) were assessed using SRM. In Br raw material, we identified seven proteins: four proteases, one jacalin-like lectin, and two protease inhibitors. In Br spiked mouse plasma, six proteins (ananain, bromelain inhibitor, cysteine proteinase AN11, FB1035 precursor, FBSB precursor, and jacalin-like lectin) were identified. Using LC/MS/MS, we identified the unique peptide, DYGAVNEVK, derived from FB1035, in the plasma of i.p. Br treated mice. The spectral count of this peptide peaked at 6 hrs and was undetectable by 24 hrs. In this study, a novel Br peptide was identified in the plasma of treated mice for the first time. This Br peptide could serve as a biomarker to standardize the therapeutic dose and maximize clinical utility.
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Berasategi I, Legarra S, García-Íñiguez de Ciriano M, Rehecho S, Calvo MI, Cavero RY, Navarro-Blasco Í, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I. “High in omega-3 fatty acids” bologna-type sausages stabilized with an aqueous-ethanol extract of Melissa officinalis. Meat Sci 2011; 88:705-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carnosic acid-rich rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract limits weight gain and improves cholesterol levels and glycaemia in mice on a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1182-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts (RE) are natural antioxidants that are used in food, food supplements and cosmetic applications; exert anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycaemic effects; and promote weight loss, which can be exploited to develop new preventive strategies against metabolic disorders. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of rosemary leaf extract that was standardised to 20 % carnosic acid (RE) on weight gain, glucose levels and lipid homeostasis in mice that had begun a high-fat diet (HFD) as juveniles. The animals were given a low-fat diet, a HFD or a HFD that was supplemented with 500 mg RE/kg body weight per d (mpk). Physiological and biochemical parameters were monitored for 16 weeks. Body and epididymal fat weight in animals on the HFD that was supplemented with RE increased 69 and 79 % less than those in the HFD group. Treatment with RE was associated with increased faecal fat excretion but not with decreased food intake. The extract also reduced fasting glycaemia and plasma cholesterol levels. In addition, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of RE in vitro on pancreatic lipase and PPAR-γ agonist activity; the in vitro findings correlated with our observations in the animal experiments. Thus, the present results suggest that RE that is rich in carnosic acid can be used as a preventive treatment against metabolic disorders, which merits further examination at physiological doses in randomised controlled trials.
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WANG HF, YANG WR, WANG YX, YANG ZB, CUI YH. The Study on the Effects of Chinese Herbal Mixtures on Growth, Activity of Post-Ruminal Digestive Enzymes and Serum Antioxidant Status of Beef Cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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