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Giannoulaki P, Kotzakioulafi E, Nakas A, Kontoninas Z, Karlafti E, Evripidou P, Kantartzis K, Savopoulos C, Chourdakis M, Didangelos T. Effect of Crocus sativus Extract Supplementation in the Metabolic Control of People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2089. [PMID: 38999837 PMCID: PMC11243156 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction-Background: Data from experimental trials show that Crocus sativus L. (saffron) is considered to improve glycemia, lipid profile, and blood pressure and reduce oxidative stress. So far, clinical trials have been conducted in individuals with metabolic syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DMT-2). The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of saffron in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DMT-1). PATIENTS-METHODS 61 individuals with DMT-1, mean age 48 years old (48.3 ± 14.6), 26 females (42.6%) were randomized to receive a new oral supplement in sachets containing probiotics, prebiotics, magnesium, and Crocus sativus L. extract or placebo containing probiotics, prebiotics and magnesium daily for 6 months. Glycemic control was assessed with a continuous glucose monitoring system and laboratory measurement of HbA1c and lipid profile was also examined. Blood pressure at baseline and end of intervention was also measured. Individuals were either on a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with an insulin pump or in multiple daily injection regimens. Diabetes distress and satiety were assessed through a questionnaire and body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS At the end of the intervention, the two groups differed significantly only in serum triglycerides (p = 0.049). After 6 months of treatment, a significant reduction in the active group was observed in glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.046) and serum triglycerides (p = 0.021) compared to baseline. The other primary endpoints (glycemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure) did not differ within the groups from baseline to end of intervention, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Diabetes distress score improved significantly only in the active group (p = 0.044), suggesting an overall improvement in diabetes disease burden in these individuals but that was not significant enough between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A probiotic supplement with saffron extract improves serum triglycerides in well-controlled people with DMT-1 and may potentially be a valuable adjunct for enhancing glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthena Giannoulaki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kotzakioulafi
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Nakas
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zisis Kontoninas
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Karlafti
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polykarpos Evripidou
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Savopoulos
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Didangelos
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ghasemi SG, Khoshrou A, Kakhki S, Shirinzadeh Feizabadi A, Masoudi M, Bagherifar F, Beheshti F. Ascorbic Acid Supplementation Improves Adolescent Stress-induced Cognitive Impairment Through Restoration of Behavioral, Biochemical and Electrophysiological Alterations in Male Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 549:55-64. [PMID: 38718917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The present research study aimed to investigate the role of Ascorbic acid (AA) on synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory impairment induced by unpredicted chronic mild stress (CUMS) in adolescent male rats. Adolescent male rats were divided into: 1) vehicle, 2) CUMS, 3-5) CUMS plus various doses of AA by oral gavage (CUMS-10/100/400 mg/kg), and 6) AA400 mg/kg by oral gavage. In Morris Water Maze, the time latency decreased, while the time spent in the target quadrant increased in CUMS group treated with AA at the dose of 400 mg/kg. In passive avoidance, the latency of entering into the dark chamber decreased in CUMS group treated with AA (400 mg/kg). In biochemical test results, nitrite and MDA significantly decreased, while thiol content, SOD, and catalase activity in CUMS group that received AA400mg/kg was increased. IL-10, BDNF and Ki67 increased, while TNF-a and AChE activity were decreased in CUMS group treated with AA simultaneously. The results of our study showed that chronic stress during adolescence could cause learning and memory disorders as well as synaptic plasticity. In addition, we showed that AA can prevent this problem by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, increasing the amount of BDNF, and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Gul Ghasemi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plant, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Khoshrou
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kakhki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Atefeh Shirinzadeh Feizabadi
- Department of Medical Anesthesiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Maha Masoudi
- Vice Chancellery of Education and Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Faezeh Bagherifar
- Vice Chancellery of Education and Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Li J, Xie Y, Zheng S, He H, Wang Z, Li X, Jiao S, Liu D, Yang F, Zhao H, Li P, Sun Y. Targeting autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy: From molecular mechanisms to pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116790. [PMID: 38776677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac microvascular complication caused by metabolic disorders. It is characterized by myocardial remodeling and dysfunction. The pathogenesis of DCM is associated with abnormal cellular metabolism and organelle accumulation. Autophagy is thought to play a key role in the diabetic heart, and a growing body of research suggests that modulating autophagy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM. Here, we have summarized the major signaling pathways involved in the regulation of autophagy in DCM, including Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Forkhead box subfamily O proteins (FOXOs), Sirtuins (SIRTs), and PTEN-inducible kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin. Given the significant role of autophagy in DCM, we further identified natural products and chemical drugs as regulators of autophagy in the treatment of DCM. This review may help to better understand the autophagy mechanism of drugs for DCM and promote their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoming He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Jiao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Ahmadi M, Hadjzadeh MAR, Rajaei Z. Effects of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract on oxidative stress status in the kidney and liver of diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:191-196. [PMID: 38282343 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress has a key role in the diabetes pathogenesis and complications. Berberis vulgaris is known in folk medicine for curing several diseases. The current research aimed to assess the influences of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract against oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, ip) was injected to male rats. After diabetes confirmation, animals received the Berberis vulgaris fruit extract daily at amounts of 3.5 and 7.5 % of drinking water (v/v) for six weeks. Total thiol and lipid peroxidation levels were assessed in the serum, liver, kidney and spleen at the end of the study. RESULTS Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia along with enhancement of lipid peroxidation levels in the serum, liver, kidney and spleen, and decrement of total thiol content in the kidney and liver tissues. Chronic administration of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract at amount of 3.5 % of drinking water decreased the lipid peroxidation level in the serum and liver, and enhanced total thiol level in the liver and kidney. CONCLUSIONS Berberis vulgaris fruit extract exerts antioxidant activity in the serum, liver and kidney organs of diabetic rats. Therefore, it might be used in the prevention and control of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Pourmousavi L, Asadi RH, Zehsaz F, Jadidi RP. Potential therapeutic effects of crocin. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03131-6. [PMID: 38758225 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Crocin, a natural bioactive compound derived from saffron (Crocus sativus) and other Crocus genera, has gained significant attention recently due to its potential therapeutic properties. The multifaceted nature of crocin's biological effects has piqued the interest of researchers and health enthusiasts, prompting further investigations into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. This review article comprehensively explores the emerging evidence supporting crocin's role as a promising ally in protecting against metabolic disorders. The review covers the molecular mechanisms underlying crocin's beneficial effects and highlights its potential applications in preventing and treating diverse pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms through which crocin exerts its protective effects could advance scientific knowledge and offer potential avenues for developing novel therapeutic interventions. As we uncover the potential of crocin as a valuable ally in the fight against disorders, it becomes evident that nature's palette holds remarkable solutions for enhancing our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pourmousavi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Zehsaz
- Department of Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Hua Z, Liu N, Yan X. Research progress on the pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and biosynthesis of crocins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:741-752. [PMID: 38633914 PMCID: PMC11022409 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Crocins are water-soluble apocarotenoids isolated from the flowers of crocus and gardenia. They exhibit various pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory properties, hepatorenal protection, and anticancer activity. They are often used as coloring and seasoning agents. Due to the limited content of crocins in plants and the high cost of chemical synthesis, the supply of crocins is insufficient to meet current demand. The biosynthetic pathways for crocins have been elucidated to date, which allows the heterologous production of these valuable compounds in microorganisms by fermentation. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and heterologous production of crocins, aiming to lay the foundation for the large-scale production of these valuable natural products by using engineered microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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Liu J, Yang Y, Qi Y. Effect of saffron supplementation on the glycemic outcomes in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1349006. [PMID: 38559777 PMCID: PMC10978759 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1349006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of saffron supplementation on the glycemic outcomes in patients with diabetes. Methods Eight electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to March 31, 2023. RCTs of patients with diabetes receiving saffron compared with placebo which reported glycemic control outcomes were identified. WMD and 95% CIs were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects models, depending on the significance of heterogeneity. Results Out of the 837 citations screened, ten RCTs were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 562 participants were enrolled, with 292 assigned to the intervention group and 270 to the control group. Saffron was administered at a dose of 5 mg/day to 1 g/day. Compared with placebo, saffron supplementation significantly reduced FPG (WMD = -8.42 mg/dL; 95% CI: -13.37, -3.47; p = 0.001) and HbA1c (WMD = -0.22%; 95% CI: -0.33, -0.10; p < 0.001). However, there was no significant effect on insulin levels, QUICKI and HOMA-IR. Conclusion Saffron is effective for patients with diabetes in terms of FPG and HbA1c, therefore, it appears to be a promising adjuvant for the glycemic control of DM. However, the overall methodological quality of the identified studies is heterogeneous, limiting the interpretation of the benefit of saffron in diabetes. More long-term follow-up, well-designed and large-scale clinical trials are warranted to draw definitive conclusions. Systematic review registration The protocol of review was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42023426353).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Asdaq SMB, Mannasaheb BA, Orfali R, Shaikh IA, Alshehri A, Alghamdi A, Alrashdi MM, Almadani ME, Abdalla FMA. Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Crocin in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320231220178. [PMID: 38233742 PMCID: PMC10798082 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231220178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crocin, the principal water-soluble active constituent of saffron, possesses numerous pharmacological activities. The present investigation examined the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant characteristics of Crocin in rats with type-2 diabetes by administering it orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.). METHODS After 2 weeks of a high-fat diet, streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p., 40 mg/kg) was administered to male adult rats to induce type-2 diabetes mellitus. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on days zero, weeks 1, and 2. At the end of 2 weeks of drug administration in their respective groups, fasting insulin and glucose levels were estimated, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. Intraperitoneal glucose (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were carried out. Histopathological investigation and biochemical parameters were estimated in pancreatic tissues. RESULTS The Crocin (100 mg/kg) treatment has significantly improved body weight, abatement of FBG, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Likewise, Crocin treatment significantly improved the glucose and insulin challenges. We observed a significantly marked elevation in endogenous antioxidant enzymes in Crocin-treated groups. Similarly, Crocin treatment reversed the histopathological changes and restored the normal integrity and function of the pancreas. CONCLUSION The overall finding indicates that intraperitoneal administration of Crocin demonstrated better control of glycemic level and body weight. Further, it has improved insulin levels in the serum and potentiated antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Mohammed Alrashdi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneer E Almadani
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Mohammad Ali Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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Essmat N, Galambos AR, Lakatos PP, Karádi DÁ, Mohammadzadeh A, Abbood SK, Geda O, Laufer R, Király K, Riba P, Zádori ZS, Szökő É, Tábi T, Al-Khrasani M. Pregabalin-Tolperisone Combination to Treat Neuropathic Pain: Improved Analgesia and Reduced Side Effects in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1115. [PMID: 37631030 PMCID: PMC10459435 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) is unsatisfactory; therefore, effective novel agents or combination-based analgesic therapies are needed. Herein, oral tolperisone, pregabalin, and duloxetine were tested for their antinociceptive effect against rat partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL)-induced tactile allodynia described by a decrease in the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) measured by a dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. On day 7 after the operation, PWTs were assessed at 60, 120, and 180 min post-treatment. Chronic treatment was continued for 2 weeks, and again, PWTs were measured on day 14 and 21. None of the test compounds produced an acute antiallodynic effect. In contrast, after chronic treatment, tolperisone and pregabalin alleviated allodynia. In other experiments, on day 14, the acute antiallodynic effect of the tolperisone/pregabalin or duloxetine combination was measured. As a novel finding, a single dose of the tolperisone/pregabalin combination could remarkably alleviate allodynia acutely. It also restored the neuropathy-induced elevated CSF glutamate content. Furthermore, the combination is devoid of adverse effects related to motor and gastrointestinal transit functions. Tolperisone and pregabalin target voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, respectively. The dual blockade effect of the combination might explain its advantageous acute analgesic effect in the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Essmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Anna Rita Galambos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
| | - Péter P. Lakatos
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (O.G.); (R.L.); (É.S.)
| | - Dávid Árpád Karádi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
| | - Amir Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
| | - Sarah Kadhim Abbood
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
| | - Orsolya Geda
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (O.G.); (R.L.); (É.S.)
| | - Rudolf Laufer
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (O.G.); (R.L.); (É.S.)
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
| | - Pál Riba
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
| | - Zoltán S. Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (O.G.); (R.L.); (É.S.)
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (O.G.); (R.L.); (É.S.)
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (A.M.); (S.K.A.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (Z.S.Z.)
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Farazandeh M, Asghari AA, Shabab S, Marefati N, Rajabian A, Mahmoudabady M, Hosseini M. Protective effects of cinnamon on acetylcholinesterase activity and memory dysfunction in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:387-394. [PMID: 36577044 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regarding neurocognitive and immunomodulatory properties of cinnamon (Cinn) we aimed to investigate whether cinnamon regulates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidative abnormalities with concomitant memory dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS Forty-seven male adult rats were divided into seven groups (n=8 animals): Control group: in these non-diabetic rats only saline 0.9% NaCl was gavaged, Diabetic (Dia) group: diabetic rats in them saline 0.9% NaCl was gavaged for six weeks. Dia-Cinn 100, Dia-Cinn 200, and Dia-Cinn 400, Dia-Met groups: in these diabetic rats the extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg respectively) or metformin (300 mg/kg) was gavaged for six weeks. Passive avoidance performance, AChE enzyme activity, and oxidative indicators were examined among the groups. RESULTS Vs. the control group, blood glucose level and stay time in the dark were remarkably increased in Dia group whereas the latency time was decreased. Meanwhile, antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and thiols) noticeably decreased in the Dia group compared to the Control group. On the other hand, Cinn extract espicailly at the highest dose recovered the changes similar to those found in the metformin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS These findings proposed that the cinnamon hydro-ethanolic extract promotes memory recovery in diabetic conditions through the atteuation of the AChE activity and oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farazandeh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Asghari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abbaszade-Cheragheali A, Kakhki S, Khatibi SR, Hosseini M, Navari F, Beheshti F. Feeding crocin ameliorate cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01250-9. [PMID: 37261629 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the current study was to investigate the probable mechanism and effect of crocin on brain oxidative damage and memory deficits induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups consisting of one vehicle group (received normal saline), four groups included rats who received UCMS 4 weeks out of which three groups were pretreated with different doses of crocin (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg/day) concomitantly. To assess the pure effect of crocin, the last experimental group received a high dose of crocin (30 mg/kg/day) without exposure to the UCMS procedure. The behavioral tests including Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) were performed and eventually they were sacrificed for the estimation of biochemical parameters. RESULTS The increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress indicator and nitrite levels in the hippocampus were observed in UCMS rats, along with memory deficits in behavioral tests including passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Moreover, treatment with crocin decreased MDA, nitrite, pro-inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-α, and pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease including amyloid-β (Aβ), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus, whereas antioxidant agents including total thiol content, SOD, and catalase activity were increased. Also behavioral test demonstrated a positive effect of crocin on memory deficit induced by UCMS. Interlukin-10 as an important anti-inflammatory agent was increased as well. Interestingly, in some behavioral and biochemical findings, treatment with 30 mg/kg of crocin has given better results compared to vehicle group, which means the administration of crocin could have preventive effects on learning and memory impairment. CONCLUSION The present study strongly confirmed the positive effect of crocin and has the potential as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that could improve memory impairment induced by UCMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbaszade-Cheragheali
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kakhki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Khatibi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Navari
- Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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AbdelKader G, Abdelaziz EZ, Hassan R, Greish SM, Abogresha NM, Sultan BO, Yousef EM, Morsi S. Protective Effects of Crocin Against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e34468. [PMID: 36874671 PMCID: PMC9981239 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the many known adverse effects of methotrexate (MTX), hepatotoxicity stands out as a major drawback that limits its therapeutic applicability. There is growing evidence that crocin has antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study's aim is to evaluate the potential protective effect of crocin against MTX-induced liver damage in rats using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. METHODS Twenty-four adult male albino rats were split into four groups at random (six rats/group) as follows: normal control (saline, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections), crocin-treated (100 mg/kg daily for 14 days, i.p.), MTX-treated (20 mg/kg single i.p. injection on day 15), and crocin/MTX-treated groups (crocin 100 mg/kg/day for 14 days, i.p. + MTX 20 mg/kg single i.p. injection on day 15). On day 16 of the experiment, blood and tissue specimens were used to assess the liver functions, oxidative stress markers, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), caspase-3, BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) expression. RESULTS The results of the current research revealed the protective actions of crocin against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that crocin possesses antioxidants (decrease malondialdehyde (MDA), increase glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhance catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity), anti-fibrotic (decrease TGF-β1), and anti-apoptotic (decrease BAX and caspase-3 expression while increase BCL-2) actions in liver. Moreover, crocin administration along with MTX restores the normal histological structure of hepatic tissues. CONCLUSION The data presented in the current study using an in vivo animal model support the notion that crocin should be further studied in humans to assess its potential hepatoprotective effects against MTX-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada AbdelKader
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Eman Z Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Ranya Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Sahar M Greish
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, EGY
| | - Noha M Abogresha
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Basma O Sultan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
| | - Einas M Yousef
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, EGY
| | - Shereen Morsi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGY
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Sanaie S, Nikanfar S, Kalekhane ZY, Azizi-Zeinalhajlou A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Araj-Khodaei M, Ayati MH, Andalib S. Saffron as a promising therapy for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic insights. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:137-162. [PMID: 35986812 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus is increasing with the societies' aging and has become an essential social concern worldwide. Accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau proteins in the brain are hallmarks of AD. Diabetes is an underlying risk factor for AD. Insulin resistance has been proposed to be involved in amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain. It seems that diabetic conditions can result in AD pathology by setting off a cascade of processes, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) synthesis. Due to the several side effects of chemical drugs and their high cost, using herbal medicine has recently attracted attention for the treatment of diabetes and AD. Saffron and its active ingredients have been used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-AD properties. Therefore, in the present review paper, we take account of the clinical, in vivo and in vitro evidence regarding the anti-diabetic and anti-AD effects of saffron and discuss the preventive or postponing properties of saffron or its components on AD development via its anti-diabetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Nikanfar
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi Kalekhane
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Azizi-Zeinalhajlou
- Student Research Committee, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sasan Andalib
- Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Crocin, the main active saffron (Crocus sativus L.) constituent, as a potential candidate to prevent anxiety and depressive-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress. Neurosci Lett 2022; 791:136912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sani A, Tajik A, Seiiedi SS, Khadem R, Tootooni H, Taherynejad M, Sabet Eqlidi N, Alavi dana SMM, Deravi N. A review of the anti-diabetic potential of saffron. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221095223. [PMID: 35911474 PMCID: PMC9335478 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221095223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders that affect people of all genders, ages, and races. Medicinal herbs have gained attention from researchers and have been widely investigated for their antidiabetic potential. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its main constituents, that is, crocin and crocetin, are natural carotenoid compounds, widely known to possess a wide spectrum of properties and induce pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuro-protective effects. An increasing number of experimental, animal and human studies have investigated the effects and mechanism of action of these compounds and their potential therapeutic use in the treatment of diabetes. This narrative review presents the key findings of published clinical studies that examined the effects of saffron and/or its constituents in the context of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, an overview of the proposed underlying mechanisms mediating these effects, the medicinal applications of saffron, and the new findings regarding its effect on diabetes and various cellular and molecular mechanisms of action will be debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tajik
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seiied Sina Seiiedi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medicine, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Razieh Khadem
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haniye Tootooni
- Student Research Committee, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Sabet Eqlidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Niloofar Deravi, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
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Rajaei Z, Amooheydari Z, Alaei H, Esmaeil N. Supplementation of carvacrol attenuates hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha level, oxidative stress, and learning and memory dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 35720215 PMCID: PMC9201230 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_194_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carvacrol is a natural phenolic monoterpene with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities. Neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The present study examined the effect of carvacrol on brain tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level and oxidative stress as well as spatial learning and memory performances in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were treated with either carvacrol (25 and 50 mg/kg) or Tween 80 for 2 weeks. Thereafter, LPS (1 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally administered on days 15–19, 2 h before Morris water maze task, and treatments with carvacrol or Tween 80 were performed 30 min prior to behavioral testing. The level of TNF-α, lipid peroxidation, and total thiol concentration were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex at the end of the experiment. Results: It was found that LPS-exposed rats exhibited spatial learning and memory dysfunction, which was accompanied by increased TNF-α level and lipid peroxidation, and decreased total thiol concentration in the hippocampus and/or cortex. Moreover, treatment with carvacrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg attenuated learning and memory impairments, decreased TNF-α and lipid peroxidation level in the hippocampus and cortex, and increased total thiol concentration in the cortex. Conclusion: Carvacrol exerts neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced spatial memory deficits through attenuating hippocampal TNF-α level and oxidative stress in rats.
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Marefati N, Abdi T, Beheshti F, Vafaee F, Mahmoudabady M, Hosseini M. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) hydroalcoholic extract improved avoidance memory in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes by regulating brain oxidative stress. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:15-26. [PMID: 34679261 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus associated cognitive impairment is suggested to be due to oxidative stress. Considering the anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale, the present study aimed to investigate its effect on memory and oxidative stress factors in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The rats were allocated into five groups: Control, Diabetic, Diabetic + Ginger 100, Diabetic + Ginger 200, and Diabetic + Ginger 400. Following diabetes induction by STZ (60 mg/kg), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg Ginger was given for eight weeks. Passive avoidance test (PA) was done and thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) measurements were carried out in the brain. RESULTS The latency into the dark compartment decreased (p<0.001) and the number of entries and time spent in the dark chamber increased in the Diabetic group compared to the Control (p<0.001 for all). All three doses of extract improved performance of the rats in the PA test (p<0.001 for all). The hippocampal and cortical MDA level was higher (p<0.001) while CAT, SOD, and total thiol were lower (p<0.01-p<0.001) in the Diabetic group than the Control. Treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg Z. officinale extract reduced hippocampal and cortical MDA (p<0.001) and improved CAT (p<0.001) while, just the dose of 400 mg/kg of the extract increased SOD and total thiol in hippocampal and cortical tissues (p<0.001) compared with Diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Z. officinale extract could improve memory by reducing the oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetes model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tara Abdi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ganjiani V, Ahmadi N, Divar MR, Sharifiyazdi H, Meimandi-Parizi A. Protective effects of crocin on testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Theriogenology 2021; 173:241-248. [PMID: 34399388 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by extreme accumulation of un-scavenged reactive oxygen species, plays an integral role in the Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) injury to the testicles following testicular torsion. The current research aimed to examine the protective effects of crocin as a natural antioxidant on testicular I/R injury in rats. Animals were divided randomly into five groups (seven each): (1) sham group, (2) torsion/detorsion (T/D) group, (3) intact group with 100 mg/kg crocin, (4) and (5) T/D groups followed by treatment with two different doses of crocin (50 and 100 mg/kg (IP)). I/R injury was induced by 720° clockwise torsion of the left testicles for 2 h. After 24 h of reperfusion, blood samples and epididymal sperms were collected to measure biochemical (GPx, SOD, and MDA), hormonal (testosterone), and sperm parameters (total sperm recovery, motility, viability, and morphology). Moreover, affected testicles were subjected to histopathology examination. I/R injury caused a significant reduction in sperm characteristics (except for morphology) (P < 0.05), which could not be significantly improved by crocin administration at either dose (P > 0.05). Johnsen's testicular score, mean seminiferous tubular diameter, and germinal epithelial cell thickness were significantly decreased in the T/D group compared to the intact and sham groups. However, crocin could significantly improve the histopathological parameters in both treatment groups compared to the T/D group (P < 0.05). T/D reduced SOD and GPx activity and testosterone level significantly (except for GPx) compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). However, crocin administration could significantly reverse them. Also, crocin reduced the amount of MDA significantly in the high-dose treatment group in comparison to T/D group (P < 0.05). The results of the current study revealed that crocin could be a promising agent to protect against I/R injury following surgical correction of the testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ganjiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Divar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Salehi M, Mashhadi NS, Esfahani PS, Feizi A, Hadi A, Askari G. The Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Muscle Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Females with Moderate Physical Activity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:94. [PMID: 34584659 PMCID: PMC8428303 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_138_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation represent major contributors to why athletes use ergogenic aids. Turmeric is used as a spice because of its polyphenol ingredient named curcumin. We assessed the effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory, oxidative stress markers, muscle damage, and anthropometric indices in women with moderate physical activity. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 women with moderate physical activity levels (defined as walking or swimming for at least 1 h per day) for 8 weeks. Mean ± SD of age (years) all participants was 21 ± 2. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: curcumin (500 mg/day) and placebo (500 mg/day cornstarch). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, body composition, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) were evaluated before and after an intervention. RESULTS Sixty-five subjects completed the 8-week intervention. Within analysis indicated a significant decrease in CRP, LDH, MDA levels, and a significant increase in VO2 max in the curcumin group after an intervention (P < 0.05). There were significant decreases in CRP (P = 0.002), LDH (P = 0.041), and MDA (P = 0.005), no significant increase in TAC, and significant increase in VO2 max (P = 0.0001) levels in the curcumin group compared with placebo group. There were no significant changes in weight, body mass index, body fat, and lean body mass between two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that 8-week curcumin administration could significantly improve CRP, LDH, MDA, and VO2 max. Curcumin supplementation did not elicit significant changes in anthropometric indices in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Salehi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar jerib st, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri Mashhadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar jerib st, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Awat Feizi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar jerib st, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar jerib st, Isfahan, Iran
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Singh V, Reddy R, Sinha A, Marturi V, Panditharadyula SS, Bala A. A Review on Phytopharmaceuticals having Concomitant Experimental Anti-diabetic and Anti-cancer Effects as Potential Sources for Targeted Therapies Against Insulin-mediated Breast Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716999200831113335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and breast cancer are pathophysiologically similar and clinically established
diseases that co-exist with a wider complex similar molecular signalling and having a similar set of
risk factors. Insulin plays a pivotal role in the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Several
ethnopharmacological evidences shed light on the concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity
of medicinal plant and phytochemicals against breast tumors of patients with diabetes. This present
article reviewed the findings on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with concomitant antidiabetic
and anti-cancer effects reported in scientific literature to facilitate the development of dual-
acting therapies against diabetes and breast cancer. The schematic tabular form of published literature
on medicinal plants (63 plants belongs to 45 families) concluded the dynamics of phytochemicals
against diabetes and breast tumors that could be explored further for the discovery of therapies
for controlling of breast cancer cell invasion and migration in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhavana Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Rakesh Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Venkatesh Marturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shravani S. Panditharadyula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
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Ghafouri A, hajiluian G, karegar SJ, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, Kamalinejad M, AghaHosseini F, Heydari I, Shidfar F. The effect of Aqueous, Ethanolic extracts of Rheum ribeson insulin sensitivity, inflammation, oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Crocins from Crocus sativus L. in the Management of Hyperglycemia. In Vivo Evidence from Zebrafish. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225223. [PMID: 33182581 PMCID: PMC7696463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels and accompanied by impaired metabolic pathways. In this study, we used zebrafish to investigate the effect of crocins isolated from Crocus sativus L., on the control of glucose levels and pancreatic β-cells. Embryos were exposed to an aqueous solution of crocins and whole embryo glucose levels were measured at 48 h post-treatment. We showed that the application of crocins reduces zebrafish embryo glucose levels and enhances insulin expression. We also examined whether crocins are implicated in the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis. We showed that following a single application of crocins and glucose level reduction, the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (pck1), a key gene involved in glucose metabolism, is increased. We propose a putative role for the crocins in glucose metabolism and insulin management.
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Naserizadeh SK, Taherifard MH, Shekari M, Mesrkanlou HA, Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Khosroshahi MZ, Heydarpour F. The effect of crocin supplementation on lipid concentrations and fasting blood glucose: A systematic review and meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102500. [PMID: 32951748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of crocin supplementation on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile levels in clinical trial studies. DESIGN A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials published from the beginning up to November 2019. Of the 547 papers identified from all searched databases, eight eligible studies with nine effect sizes have all needed criteria for inclusion in this meta-analysis. RESULTS Results of the pooled random-effect size analysis showed just a significant decreasing effect of crocin supplementation on FBG (WMD: -6.52 mg/l, 95 % CI, -11.96, -1.08; p = 0.019) and TC (WMD: -4.64 mg/l, 95 % CI, -8.19, -1.09; p = 0.010). Crocin supplements did not have any significant effect on serum TG (p = 0.144) levels, LDL-C (p = 0.161), and HDL-C (p = 0.872) levels. Results showed that crocin supplementation could beneficially have effect on TG level only when trial duration less than 12 weeks and LDL-C levels in trials that used high dose intervention and trials that conducted on subjects with metabolic disorders. However, crocin supplementation did not significantly change FBG in trials that used low dose intervention. Meta-regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between the duration of intervention and significant change in FBG (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis study have shown that crocin supplementation can decrease significantly FBS and TC without any beneficial effects on TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahdi Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin, Iran.
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Behzad Nazarian
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Heydarpour
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Kapucu A. Crocin ameliorates oxidative stress and suppresses renal damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:153-160. [PMID: 32835521 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1808702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and peripheral vascular disease. Crocin is a water soluble carotenoid that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. I investigated the potential hypoglycemic and reno-protective effects of crocin for type 1 diabetic male rats using periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin staining; metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) immunohistochemistry; measurement of blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant and total oxidant status; and oxidative stress index. I used four groups of rats: control (saline treated), diabetic (single dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin), crocin (treated with 50 mg/kg) and diabetic + crocin. Crocin decreased levels of MDA, SOD, oxidative stress index and glucose significantly in diabetic animals. Renal damage from DM also was decreased by crocin treatment. MMP-7 and p-Akt immunoreactivity were stronger in the diabetic group compared to other groups, but PTEN immunoreactivity was weaker. Crocin treatment returned MMP-7 and PTEN expression to near normal. The ameliorative effect of crocin is attributed to its stimulation of the antioxidant defense system and its ability to regulate the MMP-7/PTEN/Akt signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Kapucu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Behrouz V, Dastkhosh A, Hedayati M, Sedaghat M, Sharafkhah M, Sohrab G. The effect of crocin supplementation on glycemic control, insulin resistance and active AMPK levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:59. [PMID: 32670418 PMCID: PMC7346493 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crocin as a carotenoid exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects. Besides, the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its allied complications, and also patients' desire to use natural products for treating their diseases, led to the design of this study to evaluate the efficacy of crocin on glycemic control, insulin resistance and active adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS In this clinical trial with a parallel-group design, 50 patients with T2D received either 15-mg crocin or placebo, twice daily, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis parameters, active form of AMPK were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, crocin improved fasting glucose level (P = 0.015), hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.045), plasma insulin level (P = 0.046), insulin resistance (P = 0.001), and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.001). Based on the within group analysis, crocin led to significant improvement in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity. The active form of AMPK did not change within and between groups after intervention. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that crocin supplementation can improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in patients with T2D. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.Trial Registration This study has been registered at Clinicaltrial.gov with registration number NCT04163757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan Street, Farahzadi Blvd., P.O. Box:19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dastkhosh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan Street, Farahzadi Blvd., P.O. Box:19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Sedaghat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam-Hossein General Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan Street, Farahzadi Blvd., P.O. Box:19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
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Akbari G. Role of Zinc Supplementation on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Various Organs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:1-9. [PMID: 31828721 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious condition which is associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, acute kidney injury, trauma, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease, and sleep apnea and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Salts of zinc (Zn) are commonly used by humans and have protective effects against gastric, renal, hepatic, muscle, myocardial, or neuronal ischemic injury. The present review evaluates molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Zn supplement against I/R injury. Data of this review have been collected from the scientific articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Scientific Information Database from 1991 to 2019. Zn supplementation increased the decreased parameters including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), metallothionein (MT), protein sulfhydryl (P-SH), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression and decreased the increased elements such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and microRNAs-(122 and 34a), apoptotic factors, and histopathological changes. Zn also increases phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation and preserves protein kinase C isoforms. It is suggested that Zn can be administered before elective surgeries for prevention of side effects of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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Giannoulaki P, Kotzakioulafi E, Chourdakis M, Hatzitolios A, Didangelos T. Impact of Crocus Sativus L. on Metabolic Profile in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus or Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051424. [PMID: 32423173 PMCID: PMC7284534 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Experimental studies demonstrated a positive effect of administration of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and its bioactive ingredients on metabolic profile through their antioxidant capacity. Purpose: To determine if the use of saffron in humans is beneficial to patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: This systematic review includes 14 randomized control trials that investigated the impact of saffron administration and its bioactive ingredient crocin on the metabolic profile of patients with DM, MS, prediabetes, and coronary artery disease. We documented the following clinical outcomes: fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. Results: Eight studies examined the efficacy of saffron in patients with DM, four with the metabolic syndrome, one with prediabetes and one with coronary artery disease. A favorable effect on FBG was observed. The results regarding blood lipids and blood pressure were inconclusive in the current review. Conclusions: According to the available limited evidence, saffron may have a favorable effect on FBG. Many of the studies in the reviewed literature are of poor quality, and more research is needed in this direction to confirm and establish the above findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthena Giannoulaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Kotzakioulafi
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propeudetic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Hatzitolios
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propeudetic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Triantafyllos Didangelos
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propeudetic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-694-486-3803
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Qiu Y, Jiang X, Liu D, Deng Z, Hu W, Li Z, Li Y. The Hypoglycemic and Renal Protection Properties of Crocin via Oxidative Stress-Regulated NF-κB Signaling in db/db Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 32425787 PMCID: PMC7212392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the main ingredient of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) extract, crocin- I (CR) has been reported to show various pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and renal protection properties of CR in db/db mice. Methods Eight-week-old db/db mice were treated with metformin (Met) (100 mg/kg) and CR (50 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Results CR treatment showed hypoglycemic functions indicated by reduced bodyweight, food and water intake, plasma glucose, and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c. Additionally, the CR group showed increased serum levels of insulin and pyruvate kinase, hypolipidemic functions indicated by the suppressed levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and enhanced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which are also indicators of hypoglycemic functions. The renal protection function of CR was demonstrated by its protection of renal structures and its regulation of potential indicators of nephropathy. The anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects of CR were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the kidneys of db/db mice, CR decreased the expression of phospho-IκBα and phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), whereas it enhanced the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2, manganese superoxide dismutase 1, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase. Conclusions The anti-diabetic and anti-diabetic nephritic effects of CR were related to its modulation of oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- National Engineering Lab for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zichun Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Lab for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Nasimian A, Farzaneh P, Tamanoi F, Bathaie SZ. Cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production resulted in apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells treated with Crocin: The role of FOXO3a, PTEN and AKT signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113999. [PMID: 32353423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Different groups have reported the Crocin anticancer activity. We previously showed Crocin-induced apoptosis in rat model of breast and gastric cancers, through the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspases activity, as well as the cell cycle arrest in a p53-dependent manner. Since Crocin antioxidant activity has been shown under different conditions, it is interesting to elucidate its apoptotic mechanism. Here, we treated two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, with Crocin. MTT and ROS assays, cell cycle arrest, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase3 activity were determined. PARP cleavage and expression of some proteins were studied using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results indicated stepwise ROS generation in cytosol and mitochondria after Crocin treatment. Attenuating the early ROS level, using diphenyleneiodonium, diminished the sequent mitochondrial damage (decreasing Δψ) and downstream apoptotic signaling. Crocin induced ROS production, FOXO3a expression and nuclear translocation, and then, elevation of the expression of FOXO3a target genes (Bim and PTEN) and caspase-3 activation. Application of N-acetylcysteine blocked AKT/FOXO3a/Bim signaling. FOXO3a knockdown resulted in a decrease of Bim, PTEN and caspase 3, after Crocin treatment. PTEN knockdown caused a decrease in FOXO3a, Bim and caspase 3, in addition to an increase in p-AKT and p-FOXO3a, after Crocin treatment. In conclusion, Crocin induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The ROS-activated FOXO3a cascade plays a central role in this process. FOXO3a-mediated upregulation of PTEN exerted a further inhibition of the AKT survival pathway. These data provide a new insight into applications of Crocin for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasimian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14155-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Farzaneh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics (MIMG), UCLA, LA, CA, USA
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14155-331, Tehran, Iran.
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Ghobadi Pour M, Mirazi N, Alaei H, Radahmadi M, Rajaei Z, Monsef Esfahani A. The effects of concurrent treatment of silymarin and lactulose on memory changes in cirrhotic male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10:177-186. [PMID: 32793440 PMCID: PMC7416014 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Chronic liver disease frequently accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in HE, make an easier entrance of ammonia among other substances to the brain, which leads to neurotransmitter disturbances. Lactulose (LAC), causes better defecation and makes ammonia outreach of blood. Silymarin (SM) is a known standard drug for liver illnesses. The purpose of this research was to determine the results of LAC and SM combined treatment, on the changes in memory of cirrhotic male rats. Methods: The cirrhotic model established by treatment with thioacetamide (TAA) for 18 weeks. Cirrhotic rats randomized to four groups (n = 7): TAA group (received drinking water), LAC group (2 g/kg/d LAC in drinking water), SM group (50 mg/kg/d SM by food), SM+ LAC group (similar combined doses of both compounds) for 8 weeks. The control group received drinking water. The behavior examined by wire hanging (WH), passive avoidance (PA), and open field (OF) tests.
Results: Our findings showed that treatment with SM+LAC effectively increased PA latency, compared with the control group. The results showed that the administration of LAC and SM+LAC affected the number of lines crossed, the total distance moved and velocity in the OF tests. Conclusion: SM and LAC have anti-inflammatory effects that are memory changing. It may be due to their useful effects. These results indicated that SM+LAC restored memory disturbance and irritated mood in the cirrhotic rats. Comparable neuroprotection was never previously informed. Such outcomes are extremely promising and indicate the further study of SM+LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Ghobadi Pour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Algandaby MM. Crocin prevents metabolic syndrome in rats via enhancing PPAR-gamma and AMPK. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1310-1316. [PMID: 32346340 PMCID: PMC7182989 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a major health hazard. The syndrome is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease. The objective of the current study was to address whether or not crocin could protect against experimentally-induced MetS in rats as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. Animals were allocated into 4 groups. The first one served as control and was kept on regular food pellets and drinking water. The other three groups were subjected to experimental MetS. Induction of MetS was achieved by keeping rats on food pellets containing 3% NaCl; and drinking water enriched with 10% fructose. The first and second groups were daily gavaged with saline. The third and fourth groups were daily administered crocin 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The treatment continued for 12 consecutive weeks. Crocin significantly reduced body weight gain and adiposity index as compared to MetS group. Also, crocin protected against the occurrence of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance as indicated by controlled values of HOMA-IR. Crocin protected against MetS-induced dyslipidemia as well as the rise blood pressure. These beneficial effects were accompanied by enhanced serum levels of PPARγ & AMPK and inhibited serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. In conclusion, crocin protects against experimentally-induced MetS. This can be attributed, at least partly, to activation of PPARγ and AMPK as well as inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi M Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud, Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang D, Qi BY, Zhu WW, Huang X, Wang XZ. Crocin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by protecting against glycocalyx damage and suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:267-278. [PMID: 31925528 PMCID: PMC7095881 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanisms of crocin against glycocalyx damage and inflammatory injury in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mice and LPS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Mice were randomly divided into control, LPS, and crocin + LPS (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) groups. HUVECs were separated into eight groups: control, crocin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 inhibitor (MMP-9 inhib), cathepsin L inhibitor (CTL inhib), LPS, MMP-9 inhib + LPS, CTL inhib + LPS, and crocin + LPS. The potential cytotoxic effect of crocin on HUVECs was mainly evaluated through methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Histological changes were assessed via hemotoxylin and eosin staining. Lung capillary permeability was detected on the basis of wet–dry ratio and through fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin assay. Then, protein levels were detected through Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence. Results This study showed that crocin can improve the pulmonary vascular permeability in mice with LPS-induced ARDS and inhibit the inflammatory signaling pathways of high mobility group box, nuclear factor κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo and in vitro. Crocin also protected against the degradation of endothelial glycocalyx heparan sulfate and syndecan-4 by inhibiting the expressions of CTL, heparanase, and MMP-9 in vivo and in vitro. Overall, this study revealed the protective effects of crocin on LPS-induced ARDS and elaborated their underlying mechanism. Conclusion Crocin alleviated LPS-induced ARDS by protecting against glycocalyx damage and suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Bo-Yang Qi
- Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Wei- Wei Zhu
- Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China.
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Peyravi A, Yazdanpanahi N, Nayeri H, Hosseini SA. The effect of endurance training with crocin consumption on the levels of MFN2 and DRP1 gene expression and glucose and insulin indices in the muscle tissue of diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13125. [PMID: 31849103 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of crocin consumption, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and low-intensity continuous training (LICT) and their interactive effect on the gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 in the skeletal muscle and serum glucose and insulin indices in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-six adult rats were divided into eight groups of seven subjects: crocin consumption, HIIT, LICT, HIIT with crocin, LICT with crocin, diabetic control, healthy control, and sham (placebo). At the end of the course (5 months), metabolic indices were measured. Moreover, the Mfn2 and Drp1 gene expression levels in all groups were measured using RT-PCR. The statistical analysis showed that in the exercise training (HIIT and LICT) and the crocin consumption groups, the glucose and insulin indices significantly improved (p = .005). Moreover, in these groups, the levels of gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 significantly increased and decreased, respectively (p = .001). Exercise training and crocin consumption appear to, either in combination or individually, have a beneficial effect on mitochondrial dynamics and diabetes by improving the mitochondrial fusion and fission indices (Mfn2 and Drp1), and by modifying the insulin resistance index and glucose homeostasis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mfn2 and Drp1, as the main regulators of the mitochondrial fusion and fission, play an important role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and type 2 diabetes. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is an intricate process that retains the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, and any disturbance in this balance can lead to mitochondrial-associated diseases including insulin resistance and T2D. There is evidence that herbal antioxidants Including crocin and exercise training help improve the mitochondrial activity and insulin sensitivity in T2D. Considering the importance of the two Drp1 and Mfn1 genes in the mitochondrial dynamic pathway and coding the proteins that play a key role in relation to T2D, this study primarily examined the interactive effects of endurance training (HIIT and LICT) along with crocin consumption on the expression the genes mentioned above; the results obtained in this study can provide a new approach to the treatment of HFD + STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolnabi Peyravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Yazdanpanahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hashem Nayeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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Antidepressant activity of crocin-I is associated with amelioration of neuroinflammation and attenuates oxidative damage induced by corticosterone in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bayatpoor ME, Mirzaee S, Karami Abd M, Mohammadi MT, Shahyad S, Bahari Z, Raouf Sarshoori J. Crocin treatment decreased pancreatic atrophy, LOX-1 and RAGE mRNA expression of pancreas tissue in cholesterol-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0117/jcim-2019-0117.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveOxidative stress in diabetic mellitus is a consequence of oxidative stress, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic tissue damage. Receptors for advanced glycation end products and for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have critical contribution in oxidative tissue damage. The present study investigated whether anti-diabetic effects of Crocin via modulation of mRNA expression of RAGE and LOX-1 receptors in diabetic rats.MethodsIn the current study, high-fat cholesterol (HFC) and streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) used to induce type II diabetes. Experimental groups as follows: (Group 1: control); (Group 2: control treatment [Crocin]); (Group 3: DM [STZ]); (Group 4: DM treatment [STZ + Crocin]); (Group 5; DM + HFC [STZ + HFC]); (Group 6; DM + HFC treatment [STZ + HFC + Crocin]). Crocin (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) administered in treatment groups for 60 days. Serum glucose and cholesterol levels evaluated on days 5, 30 and 60 after induction of DM. Pancreatic tissue from all group removed on day 60 for histological and RT-PCR analysis.ResultsApplication of Crocin significantly decreased serum cholesterol levels on day 60 after induction of DM in diabetic + HFC rats. Moreover, Crocin significantly decreased serum glucose levels on days 30 and 60 both in diabetic and diabetic + HFC rats. Crocin partially prevented the atrophic effects of STZ on both exocrine and endocrine parts of pancreas. Additionally, Crocin significantly decreased LOX-1 and RAGE mRNA expression OF pancreas in diabetic rats.ConclusionThe current study suggested that Crocin suppressed atrophic change of the pancreas by decrease of LOX-1 and RAGE mRNA expression in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehsan Bayatpoor
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Saeed Mirzaee
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohammad Karami Abd
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Shahyad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Raouf Sarshoori
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Algandaby MM. Crocin attenuates metabolic syndrome-induced osteoporosis in rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12895. [PMID: 31353703 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, anti-osteoporotic activities of crocin were evaluated in a rat model of metabolic syndrome-induced osteoporosis. Metabolic syndrome was confirmed by increased body weight gain, increased fasting blood glucose, hyperinsulinemia, elevated mean arterial blood pressure, and increased serum triglycerides level. Crocin (5 or 10 mg/kg) protected against histological and architectural alteration in bone tissues. Further, it ameliorated the decline in the bone formation markers serum alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin level and inhibited the rise in the bone resorption markers serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and collagen cross-linking carboxyterminal telopeptide, type I. Crocin anti-inflammatory properties were confirmed by a significant decline in serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Crocin mitigated oxidative stress in femur distal epiphysis tissues. Mechanically, crocin enhanced both the longitudinal and perpendicular forces of femurs. The current data highlight a protective activity that can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Metabolic syndrome is a serious health problem. Its prevalence is present in approximately 25% of all adults. Complications of metabolic syndrome include osteoporosis. This poses high risk of fractures and represents a heavy health, social, and economic burden. The current study highlights the antiosteoporotic activities of crocin in an experimental model of osteoporosis. Thus, crocin and/or other structurally related carotenoids can be lead compounds for synthesizing more potent and bioavailable molecules. These are expected to be devoid of the hazardous adverse effects of the currently available medicaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi M Algandaby
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Balogh M, Zádor F, Zádori ZS, Shaqura M, Király K, Mohammadzadeh A, Varga B, Lázár B, Mousa SA, Hosztafi S, Riba P, Benyhe S, Gyires K, Schäfer M, Fürst S, Al-Khrasani M. Efficacy-Based Perspective to Overcome Reduced Opioid Analgesia of Advanced Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:347. [PMID: 31024314 PMCID: PMC6465774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of the opioid analgesia in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) results from μ-opioid receptor (MOR) reserve reduction. Herein, we examined the antinociceptive and antiallodynic actions of a novel opioid agonist 14-O-methymorphine-6-O-sulfate (14-O-MeM6SU), fentanyl and morphine in rats with streptozocin-evoked DNP of 9–12 weeks following their systemic administration. The antinociceptive dose-response curve of morphine but not of 14-O-MeM6SU or fentanyl showed a significant right-shift in diabetic compared to non-diabetic rats. Only 14-O-MeM6SU produced antiallodynic effects in doses matching antinociceptive doses obtained in non-diabetic rats. Co-administered naloxone methiodide (NAL-M), a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist failed to alter the antiallodynic effect of test compounds, indicating the contribution of central opioid receptors. Reduction in spinal MOR binding sites and loss in MOR immunoreactivity of nerve terminals in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in diabetic rats were observed. G-protein coupling assay revealed low efficacy character for morphine and high efficacy character for 14-O-MeM6SU or fentanyl at spinal or supraspinal levels (Emax values). Furthermore, at the spinal level only 14-O-MeM6SU showed equal efficacy in G-protein activation in tissues of diabetic- and non-diabetic animals. Altogether, the reduction of spinal opioid receptors concomitant with reduced analgesic effect of morphine may be circumvented by using high efficacy opioids, which provide superior analgesia over morphine. In conclusion, the reduction in the analgesic action of opioids in DNP might be a consequence of MOR reduction, particularly in the spinal cord. Therefore, developing opioids of high efficacy might provide analgesia exceeding that of currently available opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Balogh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mohammed Shaqura
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amir Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Lázár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shaaban A Mousa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sándor Hosztafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Riba
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Fürst
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Sadeghi F, Alavi-Naeini A, Mardanian F, Ghazvini MR, Mahaki B. Omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation can improve antioxidant markers in obese/overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:477-483. [PMID: 30961460 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most important factors in female infertility. Oxidative stress is likely to contribute to increased insulin and androgen production in the ovaries, as well as probably impairing follicle production. Aims: This study aims to determine the complementary effects of omega-3 and vitamin E supplements on certain oxidative stress indices in obese and overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on polycystic ovary syndrome subjects with BMI > 25. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 2 g of omega-3 plus 400 IU of vitamin E, or a placebo, for 8 weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione levels, catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentrations, as well as dietary intake and physical activity were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: 32 patients in the intervention group and 30 patients in the placebo group completed the study. Co-supplementation of omega-3 and vitamin E significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (mg/dl) (1.15 ± 0.93 vs -0.6 ± 0.72; P < 0.001), catalase activity (IU/L) (1.19 ± 1.06 vs 0.12 ± 0.36; P < 0.001) and glutathione levels (μmol/L) (1.5 ± 1.06 vs 0.23 ± 1.43; P = 0.028). Additionally, a significant reduction of malondialdehyde levels (nmol/L) (-0.34 ± 0.32 vs 0.57 ± 2.20; P = 0.008) was observed, in comparison with placebo. Conclusion: Co-supplementation with omega-3 and vitamin E had beneficial effect on total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentrations, glutathione levels and catalase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi-Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Mardanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nasim S, Naeini AA, Najafi M, Ghazvini M, Hassanzadeh A. Relationship between Antioxidant Status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 31057726 PMCID: PMC6484508 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_80_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. In general, diagnoses of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent studies have reported increased oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders such as ADHD, but the results are conflicting. This research aimed to study the relationship between antioxidant status and ADHD in children of 6–13 years old. Methods: From schools, 32 ADHD students whose diseases were diagnosed by child and adolescence psychiatrist based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV index were recruited; moreover, 32 healthy subjects, which according to the medical history questionnaire of psychiatric disorder had not had chronic disease, were selected. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondiadehyde (MDA) were measured. General information, health history, and medication history were collected. All participants completed a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes of antioxidants were obtained through this questionnaire. Results: There was no significant difference between mean of energy intake and Zn, Se, vitamin E, C, and β-carotene as antioxidants between the two groups. The mean of serum TAC, GSH level, and CAT level in the patients were significantly lower than the healthy group (P < 0.001), but the mean of MDA was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.18). Conclusions: The result of this study indicates that, in ADHD, the serum levels of GSH, CAT, and TAC decrease; the level of antioxidant in the serum has been compromised to fight oxidative stress. More perspective studies with large sample sizes are essential to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorraya Nasim
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghazvini
- Isfahan Center of Health Research, National Institute of Health Research, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shahidani S, Rajaei Z, Alaei H. Pretreatment with crocin along with treadmill exercise ameliorates motor and memory deficits in hemiparkinsonian rats by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:459-468. [PMID: 30652256 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are preceded by non-motorized symptoms including memory deficits. Treatment with dopamine replacement medications, such as L-DOPA only control motor symptoms and does not meet the clinical challenges of the disease, such as dyskinesia, non-motor symptoms, and neuroprotection. The purpose of the current study was to examine the neuroprotective potential of crocin and physical exercise in an animal model of PD. Male Wistar rats ran on a horizontal treadmill and/or pretreated with crocin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Then, 16 μg of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was microinjected into left medial forebrain bundle. Crocin treatment and/or exercise continued for 6 more weeks. Spatial and aversive memories, rotational behaviour, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were assessed at the end of week 6 post surgery. The results showed that pretreatment with crocin alone and in combination with exercise decreased the total number of rotaions as compared with 6-OHDA-lesioned group. Furthermore, treatment of parkinsonian rats with crocin along with exercise training improved aversive and spatial memories. Biochemical analysis showed that crocin and exercise (alone and in combination) reduced tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) α levels in the striatum. Moreover, treatment with crocin at a dose of 100 mg/kg decreased the lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus, while exercise training increased the total thiol concentration. In conclusion, our findings indicated that pretreatment with crocin along with treadmill exercise ameliorated motor and memory deficits induced by 6-OHDA, which is considered to be due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The results suggest that combined therapy with crocin and exercise may be protective for motor and memory deficits in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shahidani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Pourmasoumi M, Hadi A, Najafgholizadeh A, Kafeshani M, Sahebkar A. Clinical evidence on the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:348-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Christodoulou E, Grafakou ME, Skaltsa E, Kadoglou N, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G. Preparation, chemical characterization and determination of crocetin's pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract to C57/BL6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:753-764. [PMID: 30575029 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prepare a lyophilized saffron aqueous extract (SFE) and determine its chemical profile and serum and tissue pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration to C57/Bl6J mice. METHODS Lyophilized SFE was prepared, characterized using semi-preparative HPLC and NMR analysis, and stability studies at room temperature, and was quantified for crocin content with an HPLC-PDA method. After intravenous and oral administration of SFE (60 mg/kg, reconstituted with water for injection) to C57/Bl6J mice, crocetin (derived from in vivo crocin hydrolysis) serum and tissue levels (unconjugated and total) were measured with an HPLC-PDA method and subjected to compartmental and non-compartmental PK analysis. KEY FINDINGS Saffron aqueous extract was rich in all-trans-crocin (27.8 ± 0.1% w/w) and stable for more than 15 months. One-compartment PK model described crocetin's (unconjugated) kinetics after intravenous administration of SFE, while a first-order kinetic parameter described the rate of crocetin biotransformation to crocetin metabolite (conjugated). Α οne-compartment PK model with first-order absorption described crocetin and crocetin's metabolite kinetics after SFE oral administration. Relative oral bioavailability was calculated at 1.17 for total crocetin. Tissue NCA PK analysis revealed extensive crocetin distribution to liver and kidneys. CONCLUSIONS SFE is a stable lyophilized extract rich in all-trans-crocin. The PK study allowed the estimation of basic PK parameters and the bioavailability of SFE's main bioactive component, crocetin, after peros administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Grafakou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Skaltsa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Yaribeygi H, Zare V, Butler AE, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Antidiabetic potential of saffron and its active constituents. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8610-8617. [PMID: 30515777 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide. This metabolic disorder affects many physiological pathways and is a key underlying cause of a multitude of debilitating complications. There is, therefore, a critical need for effective diabetes management. Although many synthetic therapeutic glucose-lowering agents have been developed to control glucose homeostasis, they may have unfavorable side effects or limited efficacy. Herbal-based hypoglycemic agents present an adjunct treatment option to mitigate insulin resistance, improve glycemic control and reduce the required dose of standard antidiabetic medications. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), whilst widely used as a food additive, is a natural product with insulin-sensitizing and hypoglycemic effects. Saffron contains several bioactive β carotenes, which exert their pharmacological effects in various tissues without any obvious side effects. In this study, we discuss how saffron and its major components exert their hypoglycemic effects by induction of insulin sensitivity, improving insulin signaling and preventing β-cell failure, all mechanisms combining to achieve better glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Zare
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kafami M, Hosseini M, Niazmand S, Farrokhi E, Hajzadeh MAR, Nazemi S. The effects of estradiol and testosterone on renal tissues oxidative after central injection of angiotensin II in female doca - salt treated rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 37:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0044/hmbci-2018-0044.xml. [PMID: 30398970 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Although numerous studies have proven that estrogen (Est) has a protective effect on the development of hypertension, more research needs to be done to show its detailed mechanism in a variety of hypertension. The important role of active oxygen species in blood pressure is well defined. We examined whether or not sex hormones change the growth of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in kidneys after central microinjection of angiotensin II (Ang II). Materials and methods Female Wistar rats, 8 weeks old (200 ± 10 g) were used in this study. The animal groups were (1) Sham, (2) Ovariectomy (OVX), (3) Sham-Hypertension (Sham-Hyper), (4) OVX-Hypertension (OVX-Hyper), (5) Sham-Hyper-Est, (6) OVX-Hyper-Est; (7) Sham-Hyper-Testosterone (Tst) and (8) OVX-Hyper-Tst. Solutions of 1% NaCl and 0.1 KCl were used and desoxycorticostrone (doca-salt) was injected (45 mg/kg) 3 times a week in Hypertension groups. Estradiol and Tst (2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg; daily; subcutaneously) for 4 weeks. Ang II (50 μM, 5 μL) was microinjected by intracerebroventricular ( i.c.v.) infusion and malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol in the kidneys were measured. Results MDA in the kidneys was increased by Ang II and doca-salt treatments. Both estradiol and Tst decreased the kidney's MDA. The level of thiol was higher in Hyper groups and reversed after treatment with estradiol and Tst. Conclusions Our findings suggest that central effect of Ang II on blood pressure and kidney disease is accompanied with increased levels of oxidative stress in the kidneys. Indeed sex hormones change the ROS level in the kidneys after central microinjection of Ang II..
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Kafami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar Universityof Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran, Phone: 0098-051-4446070, Fax: 0098-051-4445648
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Farrokhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mosa Al-Reza Hajzadeh
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samad Nazemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Feidantsis K, Mellidis K, Galatou E, Sinakos Z, Lazou A. Treatment with crocin improves cardiac dysfunction by normalizing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:952-961. [PMID: 30017436 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The association of diabetes mellitus (DM) and poor metabolic control with high incidence of cardiovascular diseases is well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cardioprotective effect of crocin (Crocus sativus L. extract) on diabetic heart dysfunction and to elucidate the mediating molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with two different concentrations of crocin (10 or 20 mg/kg), while isolated cardiac myocytes exposed to 25 mM glucose, were treated with 1 or 10 μM of crocin. Treatment of STZ-diabetic rats with crocin resulted in normalization of plasma glucose levels, inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improvement of cardiac contractile function. Heat Shock Response was enhanced. Myocardial AMPK phosphorylation was increased after treatment with crocin, resulting in normalization of autophagy marker proteins (LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, SQSTM1/p62 and Beclin-1), while the diabetes-induced myocardial apoptosis was decreased. Similar results regarding the effect of crocin on autophagy and apoptosis pathways were obtained in isolated cardiac myocytes exposed to high concentration of glucose. CONCLUSION The results suggest that crocin improves the deteriorated cardiac function in diabetic animals by enhancing the heat shock response, inhibiting apoptosis and normalizing autophagy in cardiac myocytes. Thus, treatment with crocin may represent a novel approach for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - K Mellidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - E Galatou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Z Sinakos
- Emeritus Professor of Hematology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - A Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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Leone S, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Leporini L, Brunetti L, Menghini L. Phytotherapic use of theCrocus sativusL. (Saffron) and its potential applications: A brief overview. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2364-2375. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy; G. d'Annunzio University; Chieti Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy; G. d'Annunzio University; Chieti Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy; G. d'Annunzio University; Chieti Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy; G. d'Annunzio University; Chieti Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy; G. d'Annunzio University; Chieti Italy
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Sepahi S, Mohajeri SA, Hosseini SM, Khodaverdi E, Shoeibi N, Namdari M, Tabassi SAS. Effects of Crocin on Diabetic Maculopathy: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 190:89-98. [PMID: 29550187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the most important sight-threatening complications in patients with diabetes. Owing to neuroprotective properties, crocin, as the main constituent in saffron, is thought to be useful in the treatment and prevention of diabetic maculopathy. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of crocin as a supplement on reducing inflammation in patients with diabetic maculopathy. DESIGN Double-masked, placebo controlled, phase 2 randomized clinical trial. METHODS Participants: In this study, 101 eyes of 60 patients with refractory diabetic maculopathy to conventional therapy including macular photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent (bevacizumab) with or without steroid (triamcinolone) were studied in 3 groups. INTERVENTION Patients in the crocin groups received 5 mg or 15 mg crocin tablets per day for 3 months, whereas patients in the placebo group received 1 placebo tablet per day during the study. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured before, every month during, and 3 months after intervention. Biochemical blood tests were also evaluated before and after trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The BCVA and CMT were evaluated as the primary outcomes, whereas HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were studied as the secondary outcomes in this trial. RESULTS One hundred and one eyes were enrolled in this trial and were divided into 3 groups (crocin 5 mg, n = 34; crocin 15 mg, n = 33; and placebo, n = 34). According to our data, administration of crocin 15 mg tablet per day could significantly decrease HbA1c (P value = .024; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.96), and CMT (P value = .005; 95% CI, 32.75-126.99) and improve BCVA (logMAR changes; P value = .012; 95% CI, 0.23-0.69) compared to the placebo group. Although administration of crocin 5 mg tablet per day could clinically improve HbA1c, FBS, CMT, and BCVA, the difference was not significant compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION This study indicated the effect of crocin as a potent antioxidant and neuroprotective for treatment of refractory DME in the short term; however, the clinical significance is yet to be proved in a study with larger sample size and longer duration of follow-up and also in treatment-naïve patients.
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Akbari G, Ali Mard S, Veisi A. A comprehensive review on regulatory effects of crocin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in multiple organs. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:664-670. [PMID: 29710463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury affects o2-dependent organs including liver, kidneys, heart, brain, and intestine. I/R injury is described as the cellular injury in an organ caused by ischemia and then further aggravated during the reperfusion due to intracellular alterations. It is a process that happens in clinical settings such as organ transplantation, reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy, and coronary angioplasty. Crocus sativus L. known as saffron used in folk medicine for its beneficial effects. It contains multiple bioactive compounds including the crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal. Crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid has antitumor, radical scavenging, anti hyperlipidemia and memory improving effects. Moreover, crocin has antioxidant, and protective effects on I/R models in rats at various organs such as heart, brain, kidney, stomach, liver, and kidney as described in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center (PRC), Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center (PRC), Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Veisi
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
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Crocin potentiates antioxidant defense system and improves oxidative damage in liver tissue in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:333-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Shafiee M, Aghili Moghaddam NS, Nosrati M, Tousi M, Avan A, Ryzhikov M, Parizadeh MR, Fiuji H, Rajabian M, Bahreyni A, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Saffron against Components of Metabolic Syndrome: Current Status and Prospective. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10837-10843. [PMID: 29136374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Saffron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is mainly used as a food coloring and flavoring agent. This agricultural product is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases including asthma, liver disease, menstruation disorders, and, of special interest in this review, metabolic syndrome. Saffron and its active components including crocin, crocetin, and safranal are potential therapeutic candidates for attenuating MetS complications including hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia. This review summarizes the protective role of saffron and its constituents in the pathogenesis of MetS for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Nosrati
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | | | | | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University , School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | | | - Hamid Fiuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame-Noor University , Mashhad 433-91735, Iran
| | - Majid Rajabian
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame-Noor University , Mashhad 433-91735, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, Mazandaran 48175-866, Iran
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