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Zhao Y, Wang S, Pan J, Ma K. Verbascoside: A neuroprotective phenylethanoid glycosides with anti-depressive properties. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155027. [PMID: 37657207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbascoside is a natural and water-soluble phenylethanoid glycoside found in several medicinal plants. It has extensive pharmacological effects, including antioxidative and antineoplastic actions, and a wide range of therapeutic effects against depression. PURPOSE In this review, we appraised preclinical and limited clinical evidence to fully discuss the anti-depression capacity of verbascoside and its holistic characteristics that can contribute to better management of depression in vivo and in vitro models, as well as, its toxicities and medicinal value. METHODS This review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A systematic review of 32 preclinical trials published up to April 2023, combined with a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology and molecular docking, was conducted to elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of action of verbascoside. Studies included in the systematic review were obtained from 7 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Studies on the antidepressant effects of verbascoside showed that various pharmacological mechanisms and pathways, such as modulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, inhibiting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperfunction and promoting neuroprotection may be involved in the process of its action against depression. Verbascoside promotes dopamine (DA) biosynthesis by promoting the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein, upregulates the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B), prominence protein, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), SQSTM1, Recombinant Autophagy Related Protein 5 (ATG5) and Beclin-1, and decreases the expression of caspase-3 and a-synuclein, thus exerting antidepressant effects. We identified seven targets (CCL2, FOS, GABARAPL1, CA9, TYR, CA12, and SQSTM1) and three signaling pathways (glutathione metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis) as potential molecular biological sites for verbascoside. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide strong evidence that verbascoside exerts its antidepressant effects through various pharmacological mechanisms. However, further multicentre clinical case-control and molecularly targeted fishing studies are required to confirm the clinical efficacy of verbascoside and its underlying direct targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jin Pan
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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Li M, Zhu M, Quan W, Huang W, Liu X, Zhang C, Lu B, Xiao X, Liu Z. Acteoside palliates d-galactose induced cognitive impairment by regulating intestinal homeostasis. Food Chem 2023; 421:135978. [PMID: 37094395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Acteoside, an important phenylethanol glycoside, is the main active component in Osmanthus fragrans flower. Our previous study found that acteoside showed high antiaging effect but its absorption rate was low. We speculated acteoside palliated aging-related cognitive impairment before being absorbed, that was intestinal homeostasis underlie the antiaging effect of acteoside. In this study, acteoside was confirmed to palliate cognitive impairment in d-galactose induced aging mice. Acteoside treatment dramatically reduced oxidative stress, alleviated intestinal inflammation, restored intestinal mucosal barrier, rebuilt gut microbiome structure and upregulated gut microbiome metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and amino acids (AAs). Furthermore, antibiotic treatment revealed that the antiaging ability of acteoside was abolished in microbiota depleted mice, which offered direct evidence for the essential role of gut microbiota in the attenuation of cognitive impairment of acteoside. Together, our study indicated that acteoside palliated cognitive impairment by regulating intestinal homeostasisand acteoside intake might be a promising nutritional intervention in prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Quan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Department of Applied Technology, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Pensamiento-Niño CA, Castañeda-Ovando A, Añorve-Morga J, Hernández-Fuentes AD, Aguilar-Arteaga K, Ojeda-Ramírez D. Edible Flowers and Their Relationship with Human Health: Biological Activities. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2182885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Añorve-Morga
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico
| | - Alma D. Hernández-Fuentes
- Veterinary Medicine and Agroindustry Engineering Departments, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Mexico
| | - Karina Aguilar-Arteaga
- Agroindustry Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Francisco, Madero, Francisco Madero, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Ojeda-Ramírez
- Veterinary Medicine and Agroindustry Engineering Departments, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Mexico
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Ma A, Zou F, Zhang R, Zhao X. The effects and underlying mechanisms of medicine and food homologous flowers on the prevention and treatment of related diseases. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14430. [PMID: 36165435 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The theory of medicine and food homology has a long history in China. Numerous traditional Chinese medicinal could be used as both medicine and food. Many flower medicinal materials also belong to the homology of medicine and food, such as Chrysanthemum morifolium, Lonicera japonica, Crocus sativus, and Lonicera macranthoides. They mainly contain flavonoids, organic acids, terpenoids, and other active ingredients, which have a variety of medicinal values, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant. There are many formulations and functional foods containing these plants in Chinese medicine, which have a variety of nutritional and health effects on the human body. In this review, 10 widely used flowers were selected to review their pharmacological activities, prevention and treatment of related diseases and underlying mechanisms, and discussed the current limitations and future development prospects, hoping to provide references for the research on the development and utilization of natural medical flowers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The "homology of medicine and food" flowers have a wide range of uses and are of great research value. In this paper, we introduce 10 "homology of medicine and food" flowers. Their active ingredients, pharmacological activities, and treatments for related diseases are reviewed, and the limitations and development prospects of the "homology of medicine and food" flowers are discussed. It is hoped that this will contribute to the development of the food and pharmacological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijinxiu Ma
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengmao Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Jiahehongsheng (Shenzhen) Health Industry Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen CY, Tung HY, Tseng YF, Huang JS, Shi LS, Ye YL. Verbascoside and isoverbascoside ameliorate transforming growth factor β1-induced collagen expression by lung fibroblasts through Smad/non-Smad signaling pathways. Life Sci 2022; 308:120950. [PMID: 36100079 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, irreversible, and debilitating lung disease that typically leads to respiratory failure, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Few drugs are effective for the treatment of patients with PF or for reducing the rate of disease progression. MAIN METHODS Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a profibrotic cytokine that signals through Smad and non-Smad pathways. Verbascoside (VB) and isoverbascoside (isoVB) exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, however, their anti-fibrotic effects remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of VB and isoVB on TGF-β1-stimulated murine lung fibroblasts (MLg 2908) and also human lung fibroblasts (confirmed by immunostaining). KEY FINDINGS Neither VB nor isoVB had a cytotoxic effect on MLg 2908 fibroblasts. Both compounds (10 μM) reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species and markedly attenuated collagen I expression in TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml)-induced MLg 2908 cells compared to TGF-β1 alone. Both compounds suppressed the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and ERK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). VB and isoVB, but not pirfenidone and nintedanib, inhibited TGF-β1-induced pSmad2/3, ERK/p38 MAPK, and collagen I expression. VB and isoVB also decreased collagen I deposition in TGF-β1-induced MLg 2908 cells. Only isoVB significantly suppressed collagen I deposition in TGF-β1-induced human pulmonary cells. Our results indicated that VB and isoVB may exert antifibrotic effects by inhibiting TGF-β1-induced collagen I expression via inhibition of oxidative stress and downregulation of the Smad/non-Smad pathway. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings suggest that VB or isoVB may be used as a supplement to alleviate PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Douliu City, Yunlin County 640203, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yin Tung
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County 63201, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Tseng
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County 63201, Taiwan; Navi Bio-Therapeutics. Inc., 12F-1, No. 2, Fuxing 4th Road, Qianzhen District, Kaohsiung City 80661, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Shyang Huang
- Department of Biomedicine and Healthcare, Chuang Hwa University of Medical Technology, No.89, Wenhua 1st St., Rende Dist., Tainan City 71703, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shian Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County 63201, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd, Huwei Township, Yunlin County 63201, Taiwan.
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Supercritical fluid extraction as a suitable technology to recover bioactive compounds from flowers. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Wang B, Luan F, Bao Y, Peng X, Rao Z, Tang Q, Zeng N. Traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Osmanthus fragrans: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115273. [PMID: 35405258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osmanthus fragrans Lour., is a medicinal plant distributed widely in some Asian countries including Japan and Korea and southwestern China. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of weakened vision, halitosis, panting, asthma, cough, toothache, stomachache, diarrhea, rheumatism, physique pain and hepatitis. AIM OF THE REVIEW Recent advances in traditional uses, botanical characteristics, distribution, taxonomy, phytochemical constituents, biological effects as well as the toxicities of O. fragrans are comprehensively presented and critically evaluated, and the underlying mechanism associated with the bioactivities of extracts, essential oil and components from this plant is also well summarized. In order to provide comprehensive scientific basis for the medical application and help interested researchers discover food and medicinal natural products from O. fragrans. MATERIALS AND METHODS All information was systematically gathered from globally accepted scientific databases by Internet databases, including Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, SciFinder, ACS Publications, CNKI, WanFang, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, The Plant List Database, and other literature sources (Ph.D. and MSc dissertations). All published contributions on O. fragrans different languages were included and cited. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were drawn by using ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 software. RESULTS To date, more than 183 compounds were isolated and structurally identified from different plant parts of O. fragrans. Among them, ionone, ionol, flavonoids, polyphenols and iridoids, as the major bioactive substances, have been extensively studied and displayed the best bioactivity. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that O. fragrans and its active components had a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-thrombotic, anti-melanogenesis, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, etc. CONCLUSION: O. fragrans, as a food and medicinal resource, has a good health care function and important edible and medicinal value, and thus has good prospects for utilization. However, many studies on biological activities were mainly based on extracts and the bioactive ingredients of this plant, and the mechanism responsible for these extracts and ingredients have not been well identified and there is a gap in research regarding clinical effect and safety. Therefore, the detail in vitro and in vivo studies on the mechanisms of action of the pure bioactive compounds and more clinical studies are encouraged to be conducted to ensure safety and effectiveness of the plant for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Zhili Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Qiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
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Xiao Y, Ren Q, Wu L. The pharmacokinetic property and pharmacological activity of acteoside: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113296. [PMID: 35724511 PMCID: PMC9212779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acteoside (AC), a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from many dicotyledonous plants, has been demonstrated various pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetes, bone and cartilage protection, hepatoprotection, and anti-microorganism. However, AC has a poor bioavailability, which can be potentially improved by different strategies. The health-promoting characteristics of AC can be attributed to its mediation in many signaling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, TGFβ/Smad, and AMPK/mTOR. Interestingly, docking simulation study indicates that AC can be an effective candidate to inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV2 main protease and protect against COVID-19. Many clinical trials for AC have been investigated, and it shows great potentials in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Wu L, Liu J, Huang W, Wang Y, Chen Q, Lu B. Exploration of Osmanthus fragrans Lour.'s composition, nutraceutical functions and applications. Food Chem 2022; 377:131853. [PMID: 34990948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. has been cultivated in China for over 2500 years. Due to the unique and strong fragrance, O. fragrans flowers have long been added into food, tea, and beverages. Not only the O. fragrans flowers, but also leaves, barks, roots, and fruits possess some beneficial effects such as relieving pain and alleviating cough in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that O. fragrans possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and anticancer activities etc. A large number of phytochemicals identified in O. fragrans are responsible for its health promoting and disease preventing effects. The components of volatile compounds in O. fragrans are complex but the content is less abundant. The present review mainly focuses on the bioactive ingredients identified from O. fragrans, the therapeutic effects of O. fragrans and its applications in food, cosmetics and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Xianning Academy of Forestry Sciences, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Liu Y, Huang W, Zhu Y, Zhao T, Xiao F, Wang Y, Lu B. Acteoside, the Main Bioactive Compound in Osmanthus fragrans Flowers, Palliates Experimental Colitis in Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1148-1162. [PMID: 35073073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Osmanthus fragrans flowers and acteoside on murine colitis and the underlying mechanisms. The O. fragrans flower extract (OFE) and acteoside were administrated to chemically induced colitic mice. The results showed that OFE or acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in colitic mice. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in colitic mice was also partly restored by OFE or acteoside, which was characterized by the alteration of the gut microbiome structure and the enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut metabolome dysfunctions (e.g., sphingosine metabolism and amino acids metabolism) in colitic mice were also partly restored by OFE and acteoside. A fecal microbiota (FM) transplantation study suggested that, compared with the FM from the normal diet-dosed donor mice, the FM from the OFE- or acteoside-dosed donor mice significantly suppressed colitic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Department of Applied Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Economics & Trade, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhang Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Yang D, Li J, Liang C, Tian L, Shi C, Hui N, Liu Y, Ling M, Xin L, Wan M, Li H, Zhao Q, Ren X, Liu H, Cao W. Syringa microphylla Diels: A comprehensive review of its phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics and an investigation into its potential health benefits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153770. [PMID: 34678528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringa microphylla Diels is a plant in the family Syringa Linn. For hundreds of years, its flowers and leaves have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough, inflammation, colds, sore throat, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, early liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, and oesophageal cancer. PURPOSE For the first time, we have comprehensively reviewed information on Syringa microphylla Diels that is not included in the Pharmacopoeia, clarified the pharmacological mechanisms of Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients from a molecular biology perspective, compiled in vivo and in vitro animal experimental data and clinical data, and summarized the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of Syringa microphylla Diels. The progress in toxicology research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs from Syringa microphylla Diels, a natural source of compounds that are potentially beneficial to human health. METHODS The PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, SciFinder Scholar and Thomson Reuters databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive search of published literature as of July 2021 to find original literature related to Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients. RESULTS To date, 72 compounds have been isolated and identified from Syringa microphylla Diels, and oleuropein, verbascoside, isoacteoside, echinacoside, forsythoside B, and eleutheroside B are the main active components. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, and their safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated in long-term traditional applications. Molecular pharmacology experiments have indicated that the active ingredients of Syringa microphylla Diels exert their pharmacological effects in various ways, primarily by reducing oxidative stress damage via Nrf2/ARE pathway regulation, regulating inflammatory factors and inducing apoptosis through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review of Syringa microphylla Diels provides new insights into the correlations among molecular mechanisms, the importance of toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and potential ways to address the limitations of current research. As Syringa microphylla Diels is a natural low-toxicity botanical medicine, it is worthy of development and utilization and is an excellent choice for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chunyang Shi
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Mei Ling
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Minge Wan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Business & Commerce, Xi'an 712046, PR China
| | - Han Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China.
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
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Liu Y, Liu M, Zhao J, Wang D, Zhang L, Wang H, Cao W, Wang S. Microencapsulation of Osmanthus essential oil by interfacial polymerization: Optimization, characterization, release kinetics, and storage stability of essential oil from microcapsules. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5397-5408. [PMID: 34755906 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the interface polymerization method was used to prepare Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules. The optimal preparation process of Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules was explored as follows: the dosage ratio of Osmanthus essential oil to N100 was 6:1, the reaction temperature was 70°C, and the reaction time was 2 h. The encapsulation efficiency of Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules could reach 80.31%. The particle size distribution, morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the obtained microcapsules were characterized by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The release kinetics and storage stability experiments of the microcapsules were studied. The results showed that the average volume diameter of the microcapsules was 101.2 µm. The microcapsules were in the shape of full spheres, with a smooth surface, low viscosity, and high elasticity. Microencapsulation improved the thermal stability of Osmanthus essential oil and promoted the slow release of essential oil. The synthesized microcapsules showed good storage stability under refrigerated and dark conditions, which indicated that microcapsules had broad application prospects in food, medicine, and other fields. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, we prepared a polyurea membrane to encapsulate Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules by interfacial polymerization. The encapsulation conditions of the microcapsules were optimized and the structure of the microcapsules was characterized in this study. The results showed that microcapsules had a full spherical shape with a smooth surface, high elasticity, good sustained-release ability, good thermal stability, and storage stability. These properties indicated that microcapsules have good application prospects and can be used as a high-quality flavor with a long residual effect and high thermal stability for food and cosmetic scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Research Centre of Modern Analysis Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wanqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Kim HD, Lee JY, Park JY, Kim DH, Kang MH, Seong HA, Seo KH, Ji YJ. Neuroprotective Effects of Coreopsis lanceolata Flower Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells and Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:951. [PMID: 34204667 PMCID: PMC8231104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coreopsis lanceolata L. is a perennial plant of the family Asteraceae, and its flower is known to contain flavonoids with various bioactivities. We evaluated the effect of Coreopsis lanceolata L. flower (CLF) extracts on H2O2-induced oxidative stress (OS) in neuronal cells and mouse neurons. The flowering part of CL was used as CLF1 (70% ethanol extract) and CLF2 (water extract), and 10 types of phenolic compounds were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of CLF, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were measured, and the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and proteins related to OS-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells and mouse neurons treated with the extracts were investigated. In the in vitro study, CLF ameliorated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and induced the expression of antioxidant enzymes in PC12 cells. Furthermore, CLF1 enhanced the expression of the Bcl-xL protein but reduced the expression of Bax and the cleavage of caspase-3. In the same manner, CLF1 showed neuroprotective effects against OS in vivo. Pretreatment with CLF1 (200 mg/kg) increased the Bcl-2 protein and decreased Bax compared with the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated C57BL/6 mice model group. Our results suggest that the protective effects of CLF1 on MPP+-induced apoptosis may be due to its anti-apoptotic activity, through regulating the expression of the Bcl-2 family. CLF1 exerts neuroprotective effects against OS-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells in a Parkinson's disease model mouse. This effect may be attributable to the upregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, downregulation of Bax expression, and inhibition of caspase-3 activation. These data indicate that CLF may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Don Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (H.D.K.); (D.H.K.); (M.H.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | | | - Jeong-Yong Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (H.D.K.); (D.H.K.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Min Hye Kang
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (H.D.K.); (D.H.K.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Hyun-A Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Kyung Hye Seo
- Development of Horticultural Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Ji
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (H.D.K.); (D.H.K.); (M.H.K.)
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Wu W, Wu G, Cao D. Acteoside Presents Protective Effects on Cerebral Ischemia/reperfusion Injury Through Targeting CCL2, CXCL10, and ICAM1. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:301-310. [PMID: 33439460 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the roles of acteoside (ACT) in cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion were identified using GSE61616 data set. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment with the DEGs and the prediction of ACT's targets were conducted using The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The OGD/R model was established with bEnd.3 cells. Following that, bEnd.3 cells were treated by distinct concentrations of ACT and IL-10. The proliferation and apoptosis of cells were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Western blot was used to check involved proteins. Herein, we identified CCL2, CXCL10, and ICAM1 as the targets of ACT, which were upregulated in tissues of MACO rats and cells with OGD/R-induced injury. ACT promoted the proliferation but reduce the apoptosis of cells with OGD/R-induced injury. Moreover, these effects of ACT were enhanced by IL-10. After being treated with ACT, IL-10, or ACT together with IL-10, the levels of CCL2, CXCL10, and ICAM1 were all decreased, whereas p-Stat3 was raised in cells with OGD/R-induced injury, while Stat3 expression presented no significant difference among groups. ACT protected cells against OGD/R-induced injury through regulating the IL-10/Stat3 signaling, indicating that ACT might be an effective therapy drug to lower cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Deyan Cao
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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15
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Wang X, Heraud S, Thepot A, Dos Santos M, Luo Z. The Whitening Properties of the Mixture Composed of Pomegranate, Osmanthus and Olive and the Protective Effects Against Ultraviolet Deleterious Effects. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:561-573. [PMID: 34093030 PMCID: PMC8168835 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s302997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet (UV) rays are the major environmental factor that damage skin physiology causing deleterious effects such as oxidation, photoaging and pigmentation. There has been considerable interest in using botanicals to prevent skin damages caused by UV irradiation. Aim In this study, three plant extracts were tested either individually or combined together (mixture) as well as their corresponding main active compound: pomegranate/punicalagin, osmanthus/verbascoside and olive/hydroxytyrosol. We evaluated the whitening and anti-photoaging properties of the nutritional mixture using 2D human culture model and a 3D full-thickness pigmented skin model exposed to UVB and UVA. Methods For exploring skin pigmentation, oxidation and aging, we performed cell viability, tyrosinase activity and melanin content assays as well as histology analysis (Whartin–Starry staining), immunodetection (PMEL, MDA, collagen type I and elastin) and carbonylated proteins analysis by electrophoresis separation. Results Results showed that the pomegranate extract and the active molecule punicalagin could reduce the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in melanocytes (P < 0.05). The mixture, pomegranate extract and punicalagin inhibited the melanin production and pre-melanosomal protein (PMEL) expression in the 3D skin pigmented model (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mixture treatment repaired the expressions of collagen I and elastin decrease by UV exposure (P < 0.01). The mixture also significantly decreased lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) and carbonylated proteins (P < 0.05) in the skin model compared to the UV-exposed condition. Conclusion To conclude, the mixture composed of pomegranate, osmanthus and olive extracts protects human skin from UV rays deleterious effects and exhibits antioxidative, anti-aging and skin whitening properties. Our data suggested pomegranate contributed to the whitening properties of the mixture notably through its main active compound, punicalagin. The mixture might be a good candidates for further development as natural antioxidant and skin care product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Infinitus Company Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Amelie Thepot
- LabSkin Creations, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | | | - Zhen Luo
- Infinitus Company Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhou H, Zhang C, Huang C. Verbascoside Attenuates Acute Inflammatory Injury Caused by an Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through the Suppression of NLRP3. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:770-777. [PMID: 33400023 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate affecting individuals worldwide. After ICH, persistent inflammation results in the death of brain cells, as well as the promotion of secondary brain injury. Verbascoside (VB), an active component in herbal medicine, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that VB improves recovery of neuronal function after spinal cord injury in rats. In this study, we investigated whether VB limited inflammation induced by ICH through the targeting of NLRP3, which is associated with acute inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of VB reduced neurological impairment and pathological abnormalities associated with ICH, while increasing cell viability of neurons. This was achieved through NLRP3 inhibition and microglial activation. VB treatment decreased neuronal damage when co-cultured with microglia. Furthermore, knockout of NLRP3 eliminated the ability of VB to inhibit inflammation, cell death or protect neurons. Taken together, VB suppressed the inflammatory response following ICH by inhibiting NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zigong Third People's Hospital, Zigong, 643020, China
| | - Changren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Lim H, Kim DK, Kim TH, Kang KR, Seo JY, Cho SS, Yun Y, Choi YY, Leem J, Kim HW, Jo GU, Oh CJ, Oh DS, Chun HS, Kim JS. Acteoside Counteracts Interleukin-1 β-Induced Catabolic Processes through the Modulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and the NF κB Cellular Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8684725. [PMID: 33833854 PMCID: PMC8016581 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8684725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease with chronic joint pain caused by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage at synovial joints. Acteoside, a caffeoylphenylethanoid glycoside, has various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidative, cytoprotective, and neuroprotective effect. Further, oral administration of acteoside at high dosage does not cause genotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of present study is to verify the anticatabolic effects of acteoside against osteoarthritis and its anticatabolic signaling pathway. Acteoside did not decrease the viabilities of mouse fibroblast L929 cells used as normal cells and primary rat chondrocytes. Acteoside counteracted the IL-1β-induced proteoglycan loss in the chondrocytes and articular cartilage through suppressing the expression and activation of cartilage-degrading enzyme such as matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 13, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Furthermore, acteoside suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in the primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Subsequently, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was decreased by acteoside in the primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Moreover, acteoside suppressed not only the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β but also the translocation of NFκB from the cytosol to the nucleus through suppression of its phosphorylation. Oral administration of 5 and 10 mg/kg acteoside attenuated the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in the osteoarthritic mouse model generated by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Our findings indicate that acteoside is a promising potential anticatabolic agent or supplement to attenuate or prevent progressive degeneration of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyangI Lim
- Institute of Dental Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Institute of Dental Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Dental Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Rok Kang
- Institute of Dental Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Seo
- Institute of Dental Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Departments of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Cho
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Yun
- Chung-Yeon Medical Institute, Gwangju 61949, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Institute, CY Pharma Co., Seoul 06224, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-yong Choi
- Chung-Yeon Medical Institute, Gwangju 61949, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Institute, CY Pharma Co., Seoul 06224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Chung-Yeon Medical Institute, Gwangju 61949, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Institute, CY Pharma Co., Seoul 06224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Woo Kim
- Jeollanamdo Forest Resources Institute, Naju, Jeollanamdo, 58213, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Ung Jo
- Jeollanamdo Forest Resources Institute, Naju, Jeollanamdo, 58213, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Oh
- Jeollanamdo Forest Resources Institute, Naju, Jeollanamdo, 58213, Republic of Korea
| | - Deuk-Sil Oh
- Jeollanamdo Forest Resources Institute, Naju, Jeollanamdo, 58213, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sung Chun
- Departments of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Institute of Dental Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Yuexing C, Junjie L, Siqing P, Yanlin J, Ailing G, Yun D. Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Contents of Nine Components and Immunomodulatory Activities of Four Components in Osmamthus fragrans Flowers. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21996160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of drying methods on the contents of four nonvolatile and five volatile components and the immunoregulatory activities of four components in Osmamthus fragrans flowers were investigated. In general, microwaving preserved more nonvolatile components than the other methods, while the sun or shade method preserved more volatile components. Nonvolatile components such as salidroside and acteoside and volatile ingredients such as linalool and linalool oxide exhibited better immunoregulatory activity than the other ingredients. Taken together, O. fragrans flowers dried by microwaving resulted in the best immunoregulatory activity. This study provides evidence for the optimal drying method for O. fragrans flowers as food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yuexing
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Junjie
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Pan Siqing
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Yanlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Guo Ailing
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
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Chen Q, Xu B, Huang W, Amrouche AT, Maurizio B, Simal-Gandara J, Tundis R, Xiao J, Zou L, Lu B. Edible flowers as functional raw materials: A review on anti-aging properties. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Skrajda-Brdak M, Dąbrowski G, Konopka I. Edible flowers, a source of valuable phytonutrients and their pro-healthy effects – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jeong DE, Shim SY, Lee M. Anti-inflammatory activity of phenylpropyl triterpenoids from Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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An update on the health benefits promoted by edible flowers and involved mechanisms. Food Chem 2020; 340:127940. [PMID: 32889216 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide new findings on health effects of edible flowers since 2015. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have been reviewed, and the effective concentrations of flower extracts have been summarized. Among all the health benefits mentioned, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have rarely been mentioned before 2015. Some health benefits mechanisms of edible flowers were discussed frequently after 2015. Some newly found phytochemicals such as polysaccharides were shown to be beneficial to human health. Species of Rosa, Chrysanthemum, and Osmanthus have been reported to exert different health effects on human. For the toxicity studies, the safe level of flower extracts in cell and animal models were at hundreds of parts per million (ppm) level. In consideration of health promoting effects and toxicities of edible flowers, they could serve as potential natural health products for different health benefits.
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Lai X, Xiong Y, Zhou J, Yang F, Peng J, Chen L, Zhong W. Verbascoside attenuates acute inflammatory injury in experimental cerebral hemorrhage by suppressing TLR4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:721-726. [PMID: 31543344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular condition with high mortality, disability and recurrence rates. TLR4-mediated acute inflammatory injury plays a pivotal role in ICH. Verbascoside (VB) is an active component of multiple medicinal plants, and exerts neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by targeting the inflammatory response. However, the effects of VB on ICH and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of VB on acute ICH, and the possible involvement of TLR4-mediated inflammation. VB improved the behavioral score and reduced the hematoma volume, brain edema and neuronal apoptosis in a murine model of acute ICH. Mechanistically, VB attenuated macroglia activation and decreased inflammatory factor levels, which in turn protected the neurons. Furthermore, TLR4 knockout abolished the effects of VB both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, VB attenuates the symptoms of ICH by targeting the TLR4-mediated acute inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lai
- Day Surgery Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Wei W, Lu M, Lan X, Liu N, Wang H, Du J, Sun T, Li Y, Yu J. Neuroprotective effect of Verbascoside on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rat. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134415. [PMID: 31408670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) leads to acute death and chronic neurological dysfunction in neonates. To date, there is no satisfactory acknowledged strategy to provide neuroprotection completely. Verbascoside (VB) has been proved to possess antioxidative, anti aging and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether VB provides neuroprotection to neonatal HIBD. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to HIBD by permanent left carotid ligation for 2.5 h at 37 °C under hypoxic stress (8% O2, 92% N2). After VB treatment, early neurofunctions were assessed using the righting reflex and negative geotaxis reflex. 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride, Hematoxylin-Eosin, Nissl, and Fluoro-Jade B staining were used to evaluate the extent of brain damage. In addition, autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was measured using immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Results showed that administration of VB remarkably reduced neurofunctional latency, brain infarct volume, ameliorated neuronal damage and degeneration. Furthermore, VB decreased autophagosome formation, the Beclin-1 levels and LC3-II/I ratio with elevated levels of P62 in HIBD neonatal rats when compared to the HI group. These findings suggest that VB exerts potential neuroprotective effect against HIBD, which is at least partly to be mediated regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China.
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Ji SL, Cao KK, Zhao XX, Kang NX, Zhang Y, Xu QM, Yang SL, Liu YL, Wang C. Antioxidant activity of phenylethanoid glycosides on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2016-2026. [PMID: 31272310 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1637243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of PC12 cells to 10 mM glutamate caused significant viability loss, cell apoptosis, decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). In parallel, glutamate significantly increased the intracellular levels of ROS and intracellular calcium. However, pretreatment of the cells with acteoside and isoacteoside significantly suppressed glutamate-induced cellular events. Moreover, acteoside and isoacteoside reduced the glutamate-induced increase of caspase-3 activity and also ameliorated the glutamate-induced Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction in PC12 cells. Furthermore, acteoside and isoacteoside significantly inhibited glutamate-induced DNA damage. In the mouse model, acteoside significantly attenuated cognitive deficits in the Y maze test and attenuated neuronal damage of the hippocampal CA1 regions induced by glutamate. These data indicated that acteoside and isoacteoside play neuroprotective effects through anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and maintenance of steady intracellular calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Liang Ji
- Department of pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou , China
| | - Ke-Ke Cao
- Department of Quality management, Shenzhen Yuanxing gene-tech Co. Ltd , Shenzhen , China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital , Suzhou , China
| | - Nai-Xin Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou , China
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Shi-Lin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug andEfficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou , China
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Fan B, Li T, Song X, Wu C, Qian C. A rapid, accurate and sensitive method for determination of monosaccharides in different varieties of Osmanthus fragrans Lour by pre-column derivatization with HPLC-MS/MS. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:221-231. [PMID: 30529350 PMCID: PMC6437686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A specific HPLC-MS/MS (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of several monosaccharides in three kinds Osmanthus fragrans Lour. After extraction, separation, protein removal, pigment removal and hydrolysis, monosaccharides was finally obtained from Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Positive ion mode detection and Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode were used for quantitative analysis by PMP pre-column derivatization and Electrospray Ionization (ESI). Analysis and content determination of 6 monosaccharide components in 3 kinds of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. The HPLC separation was achieved on a Shim-pack VP-ODS6022748 (150 L × 2.0) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min in a run time of 40 min, and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-5 mmol/L ammonium acetate. PMP derivatization in HPLC-MS/MS can accurately measure Osmanthus fragrans Lour. mannose (Man), ribose (Rib), rhamnose (Rha), galacturonic acid (Gal UA), glucose (Glu), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), fucose (Fuc). The results showed that HPLC-MS/MS pre-column derivatization method was simple and rapid, with small measurement error, but high sensitivity and good repeatability. The analysis of monosaccharide components in polysaccharide components has important practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Fan
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofang Song
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michgan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Xia D, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Acteoside Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 41:1645-1651. [PMID: 30381663 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acteoside (ACT) has been shown to exert antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of ACT on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is not yet clear. In this study, we found that ACT administration reduced infarct volume and brain edema, and improved neurological deficits, as indicated by the decreased modified neurological severity score. Administration of ACT strikingly reduced oxidative stress, accompanied by decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and increased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Furthermore, ACT administration reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) nick-end labeling-positive cells in the cerebral cortex of ischemic side of MCAO/R rats, accompanied by downregulation of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 proteins and upregulation of Bcl-2 protein. Additionally, ACT treatment inhibited the protein kinase R/eukaryotic initiation factor-2α stress pathway in the brains of MCAO/R rats. Our results demonstrated that ACT attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO/R rats, suggesting that ACT may serve as a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of I/R brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University
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28
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Cloning and expression analysis of three critical triterpenoid pathway genes in Osmanthus fragrans. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Li M, Zhou F, Xu T, Song H, Lu B. Acteoside protects against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron damage via Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:6-13. [PMID: 29906474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acteoside has been reported to have antioxidant and neuroprotective effect, which is a promising therapeutic way in prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease. The present study was aimed to understand the neuroprotective effect of acteoside and to elucidate its underlying mechanism. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neural damage in zebrafish model was used to study the protective effect of acteoside on Parkinson's disease (PD). Locomotion behavioral test showed that acteoside could prevent 6-OHDA-stimulated movement disorders. Anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) whole-mount immunostaining analysis showed that acteoside could prevent 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron death. In addition, pretreatment with acteoside could upregulate antioxidative enzymes by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in zebrafish. Meanwhile, acteoside was found to be distributed in the brain after intraperitoneal injection into the adult zebrafish, indicating that this compound could penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). This study demonstrated that acteoside could penetrate BBB and have potential therapeutic value for PD by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and attenuating the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiquan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huaxin Song
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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30
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Li M, Xu T, Zhou F, Wang M, Song H, Xiao X, Lu B. Neuroprotective Effects of Four Phenylethanoid Glycosides on H₂O₂-Induced Apoptosis on PC12 Cells via the Nrf2/ARE Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041135. [PMID: 29642608 PMCID: PMC5979387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor against oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs; salidroside, acteoside, isoacteoside, and echinacoside) exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective bioactivities. This study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and molecular mechanism of PhGs. PhGs pretreatment significantly suppressed H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by triggering the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and reversing the downregulated protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutamate cysteine ligase-catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM). Nrf2 siRNA or HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) reduced the neuroprotective effect. PhGs showed potential interaction with the Nrf2 binding site in Kelch-like ECH-association protein 1 (Keap1). This result may support the hypothesis that PhGs are activators of Nrf2. We demonstrated the potential binding between PhGs and the Keap1-activated Nrf2/ARE pathway, and that PhGs with more glycosides had enhanced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiquan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Huaxin Song
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xing Xiao
- College of The First Clinical Medical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Baiyi Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ellagic acid in liver and brain of rats treated by D-galactose. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1465. [PMID: 29362375 PMCID: PMC5780521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the ageing process. D-galactose (gal) has been reported to cause symptoms of ageing in rats, accompanied by liver and brain injuries. Our study aimed to investigate the potential antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ellagic acid and to explore how these effects act on rats in a D-gal-induced ageing model. Ageing was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-gal (100 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks). Ellagic acid was simultaneously administered to the D-gal-induced ageing rats once daily by intragastric gavage. Finally, the mental condition, body weight, organ index, levels of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidative enzymes, and liver function, as well as the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, were monitored. Our results showed that ellagic acid could improve the mental condition, body weight, organ index and significantly decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines, normalize the activities of antioxidative enzymes, and modulate the expression of apoptotic protein in ageing rats. In conclusion, the results of this study illustrate that ellagic acid was suitable for the treatment of some ageing-associated problems, such as oxidative stress, and had beneficial effects for age-associated diseases.
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Wang L, Tan N, Hu J, Wang H, Duan D, Ma L, Xiao J, Wang X. Analysis of the main active ingredients and bioactivities of essential oil from Osmanthus fragrans Var. thunbergii using a complex network approach. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:144. [PMID: 29282071 PMCID: PMC5745743 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmanthus fragrans has been used as folk medicine for thousands of years. The extracts of Osmanthus fragrans flowers were reported to have various bioactivities including free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection and antitumor effects. However, there is still lack of knowledge about its essential oil. METHODS In this work, we analyzed the chemical composition of the essential oil from Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii by GC-MS. A complex network approach was applied to investigate the interrelationships between the ingredients, target proteins, and related pathways for the essential oil. Statistical characteristics of the networks were further studied to explore the main active ingredients and potential bioactivities of O. fragrans var. thunbergii essential oil. RESULTS A total of 44 ingredients were selected from the chemical composition of O. fragrans var. thunbergii essential oil, and that 191 potential target proteins together with 70 pathways were collected for these compounds. An ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed based on these data and showed scale-free property as well as power-law degree distribution. Eugenol and geraniol were screened as main active ingredients with much higher degree values. Potential neuroprotective and anti-tumor effect of the essential oil were also found. A core subnetwork was extracted from the ingredient-target-pathway network, and indicated that eugenol and geraniol contributed most to the neuroprotection of this essential oil. Furthermore, a pathway-based protein association network was built and exhibited small-world property. MAPK1 and MAPK3 were considered as key proteins with highest scores of centrality indices, which might play an important role in the anti-tumor effect of the essential oil. CONCLUSIONS This work predicted the main active ingredients and bioactivities of O. fragrans var. thunbergii essential oil, which would benefit the development and utilization of Osmanthus fragrans flowers. The application of complex network theory was proved to be effective in bioactivities studies of essential oil. Moreover, it provides a novel strategy for exploring the molecular mechanisms of traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Nana Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Jiayao Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China.
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Aydın AF, Küçükgergin C, Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. Carnosine prevents testicular oxidative stress and advanced glycation end product formation in D-galactose-induced aged rats. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29230838 DOI: 10.1111/and.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Galactose is shown to mimic natural ageing in rodents by exacerbating oxidative stress and glycation. Steroid production and having a poor antioxidant system make testis vulnerable to galactose-induced ageing. Antioxidation and antiglycating actions of carnosine may be intriguing for prevention of testicular ageing. In this study, male Wistar rats were applied D-galactose (300 mg/kg; subcutaneously 5 days a week) and carnosine (250 mg/kg; intraperitoneally 5 days a week) along with D-galactose for 2 months. D-Galactose treatment increased testicular reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugates, protein carbonyls, advanced oxidation products of proteins and advanced glycation end products. Carnosine was capable of repelling oxidative stress and glycation produced by D-galactose. Johnsen's score, which describes histopathological evaluation, was also significantly improved with preserved spermatogenesis by carnosine. It appears that carnosine deters the testicular oxidative stress due to galactose-induced ageing directly by its antioxidative and antiglycating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - C Küçükgergin
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - J Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - I Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Medical Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - S Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - M Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - N Koçak-Toker
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Kalantari A, Kósa D, Nemes D, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Vecsernyés M, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Kuki Á, Gonda S, Vasas G, Gesztelyi R, Salimi A, Bácskay I. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Containing Plantago lanceolata-An Assessment of Their Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Effects. Molecules 2017; 22:E1773. [PMID: 29053620 PMCID: PMC6151772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important components of Plantago lanceolata L. leaves are catalpol, aucubin, and acteoside (=verbascoside). These bioactive compounds possess different pharmacological effects: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antineoplastic, and hepatoprotective. The aim of this study was to protect Plantago lanceolata extract from hydrolysis and to improve its antioxidant effect using self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Eight SNEDDS compositions were prepared, and their physical properties, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo AST/ALT values were investigated. MTT cell viability assay was performed on Caco-2 cells. The well-diluted samples (200 to 1000-fold dilutions) proved to be non-cytotoxic. The acute administration of PL-SNEDDS compositions resulted in minor changes in hepatic markers (AST, ALT), except for compositions 4 and 8 due to their high Transcutol contents (80%). The non-toxic compositions showed a significant increase in free radical scavenger activity measured by the DPPH test compared to the blank SNEDDS. An indirect dissolution test was performed, based on the result of the DPPH antioxidant assay; the dissolution profiles of Plantago lancolata extract were statistically different from each SNEDDS. The anti-inflammatory effect of PL-SNEDDS compositions was confirmed by the ear inflammation test. For the complete examination period, all compositions decreased ear edema as compared to the positive (untreated) control. It can be concluded that PL-SNEDDS compositions could be used to deliver active natural compounds in a stable, efficient, and safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Kalantari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Kósa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dániel Nemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Kuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Pharmacognosy (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology (www.med.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-33184, Iran.
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (www.pharm.unideb.hu), University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Zhou F, Zhao Y, Li M, Xu T, Zhang L, Lu B, Wu X, Ge Z. Degradation of phenylethanoid glycosides in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers and its effect on anti-hypoxia activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10068. [PMID: 28855701 PMCID: PMC5577317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the chemical stability (the thermal, light and pH stability) of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers, identifying the degradation products of acteoside and salidroside (major PhGs in O. fragrans flowers) by UPLC–QTOF–MS and studying the anti-hypoxia activity of PhGs after degradation. The degradation of PhGs followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the rate constant of acteoside (4.3 to 203.4 × 10−3 day−1) was higher than that of salidroside (3.9 to 33.3 × 10−3 day−1) in O. fragrans flowers. Salidroside was mainly hydrolyzed to tyrosol during storage, and the degradation products of acteoside were verbasoside, caffeic acid, isoacteoside, etc. In a model of cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia in PC12 cells, the anti-hypoxia ability of PhGs decreased after degradation, which resulted from the reduction of PhGs contents. Particularly, caffeic acid exhibited stronger anti-hypoxia ability than acteoside and could slightly increase the anti-hypoxia ability of degraded acteoside. The results revealed that high temperature, high pH and light exposure caused PhGs degradation, and thus the anti-hypoxia ability of PhGs reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Maiquan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liuquan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Zhou F, Zhao Y, Peng J, Jiang Y, Li M, Jiang Y, Lu B. Origin Discrimination of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii Flowers using GC-MS and UPLC-PDA Combined with Multivariable Analysis Methods. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:305-315. [PMID: 28233350 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osmanthus fragrans flowers are used as folk medicine and additives for teas, beverages and foods. The metabolites of O. fragrans flowers from different geographical origins were inconsistent in some extent. Chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with multivariable analysis methods provides an approach for discriminating the origin of O. fragrans flowers. OBJECTIVE To discriminate the Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flowers from different origins with the identified metabolites. METHODS GC-MS and UPLC-PDA were conducted to analyse the metabolites in O. fragrans var. thunbergii flowers (in total 150 samples). Principal component analysis (PCA), soft independent modelling of class analogy analysis (SIMCA) and random forest (RF) analysis were applied to group the GC-MS and UPLC-PDA data. RESULTS GC-MS identified 32 compounds common to all samples while UPLC-PDA/QTOF-MS identified 16 common compounds. PCA of the UPLC-PDA data generated a better clustering than PCA of the GC-MS data. Ten metabolites (six from GC-MS and four from UPLC-PDA) were selected as effective compounds for discrimination by PCA loadings. SIMCA and RF analysis were used to build classification models, and the RF model, based on the four effective compounds (caffeic acid derivative, acteoside, ligustroside and compound 15), yielded better results with the classification rate of 100% in the calibration set and 97.8% in the prediction set. CONCLUSIONS GC-MS and UPLC-PDA combined with multivariable analysis methods can discriminate the origin of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flowers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiyu Peng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yirong Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Maiquan Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Fang L, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Yang T, Zhao P, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Qi F, Li K, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang N, Fan Y, Wang L. Effects of Bu Shen Yi sui capsule on NogoA/NgR and its signaling pathways RhoA/ROCK in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:346. [PMID: 28668079 PMCID: PMC5494129 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Axon growth inhibitory factors NogoA/Nogo receptor (NgR) and its signaling pathways RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) play a critical role in the repair of nerve damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule (BSYSC) is an effective Chinese formula utilized to treat MS in clinical setting and noted for its potent neuroprotective effects. In this study, we focus on the effects of BSYSC on promoting nerve repair and the underlying mechanisms in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Methods The EAE mouse model was induced by injecting subcutaneously with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55 supplemented with pertussis toxin. BSYSC was orally administrated at dose of 3.0 g/kg once a day for 40 days. The levels of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, p-Tau, growth associated protein (GAP) -43, KI67 and Nestin in the brain or spinal cord on 20 and 40 day post-induction (dpi) were detected via immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, NogoA/NgR and RhoA/ROCK signaling molecules were studied by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results Twenty or 40 days of treatment with BSYSC increased markedly PGP9.5 and GAP-43 levels, reduced p-Tau in the brain or spinal cord of mice with EAE. In addition, BSYSC elevated significantly the expression of KI67 and Nestin in the spinal cord 40 dpi. Further study showed that the activation of NogoA/NgR and RhoA/ROCK were suppressed by the presence of BSYSC. Conclusions BSYSC could attenuate axonal injury and promote repair of axonal damage in EAE mice in part through the down-regulation of NogoA/NgR and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways.
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Acteoside and Isoacteoside Protect Amyloid β Peptide Induced Cytotoxicity, Cognitive Deficit and Neurochemical Disturbances In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040895. [PMID: 28441758 PMCID: PMC5412474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acteoside and isoacteoside, two phenylethanoid glycosides, coexist in some plants. This study investigates the memory-improving and cytoprotective effects of acteoside and isoacteoside in amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42)-infused rats and Aβ 1-42-treated SH-SY5Y cells. It further elucidates the role of amyloid cascade and central neuronal function in these effects. Acteoside and isoacteoside ameliorated cognitive deficits, decreased amyloid deposition, and reversed central cholinergic dysfunction that were caused by Aβ 1-42 in rats. Acteoside and isoacteoside further decreased extracellular Aβ 1-40 production and restored the cell viability that was decreased by Aβ 1-42 in SH-SY5Y cells. Acteoside and isoacteoside also promoted Aβ 1-40 degradation and inhibited Aβ 1-42 oligomerization in vitro. However, the memory-improving and cytoprotective effects of isoacteoside exceeded those of acteoside. Isoacteoside promoted exploratory behavior and restored cortical and hippocampal dopamine levels, but acteoside did not. We suggest that acteoside and isoacteoside ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction that was caused by Aβ 1-42 by blocking amyloid deposition via preventing amyloid oligomerization, and reversing central neuronal function via counteracting amyloid cytotoxicity.
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Antioxidant synergistic effects of Osmanthus fragrans flowers with green tea and their major contributed antioxidant compounds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46501. [PMID: 28422181 PMCID: PMC5395974 DOI: 10.1038/srep46501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant synergistic effects of Osmanthus fragrans flowers with green tea were evaluated, and their major antioxidant compounds contributed to the total amount of synergy were determined. The antioxidant compounds in O. fragrans flowers with green tea were identified by LC-MS and quantified by UPLC-PDA. The synergistic antioxidant interactions between O. fragrans flowers with green tea and their antioxidant compounds were tested using the Prieto’s model after the simulated digestion. The main antioxidant compounds in O. fragrans flowers were acteoside and salideroside, whereas the main antioxidant compounds in green tea were caffeine, gallic acid, and L-epicatechin. The significant synergistic effect between O. fragrans flowers and green tea was observed and among nearly all of the combinations of their antioxidant compounds. Among the combinations, acteoside and gallic acid contributed most to the antioxidant synergy between O. fragrans flowers and green tea. However, the simulated digestion decreased this antioxidant synergy because it reduced the contents and the antioxidant capacities of their compounds, as well as the antioxidant synergy among the compounds.
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Zhou F, Peng J, Zhao Y, Huang W, Jiang Y, Li M, Wu X, Lu B. Varietal classification and antioxidant activity prediction of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers using UPLC–PDA/QTOF–MS and multivariable analysis. Food Chem 2017; 217:490-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yuan J, Ren J, Wang Y, He X, Zhao Y. Acteoside Binds to Caspase-3 and Exerts Neuroprotection in the Rotenone Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162696. [PMID: 27632381 PMCID: PMC5025188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) region. Acteoside has displayed multiple biological functions. Its potential role against PD and the underlying signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we showed that oral administration of acteoside significantly attenuated parkinsonism symptoms in rotenone-induced PD rats. Further, acteoside inhibited rotenone-induced α-synuclein, caspase-3 upregulation and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) downregulation in PD rats. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results indicated that acteoside may directly bind to and inhibit caspase-3. Acteoside formed hydrogen bonds with at least six residues of caspase-3: ThrA177, SerA178, GlyA238, SerB339, ArgB341 and TrpB348. In addition, a pi-pi interaction was formed between acteoside and caspase-3’s HisA237, which might further stabilize the complex. MD simulation results demonstrated that the binding affinity of the caspase-3-acteoside complex was higher than that of caspase-3 and its native ligand inhibitor. Together, we show that acteoside binds to caspase-3 and exerts neuroprotection in the rotenone rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: ;
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Lu B, Li M, Zhou F, Huang W, Jiang Y, Mao S, Zhao Y, Lou T. The Osmanthus fragrans flower phenylethanoid glycoside-rich extract: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:205-212. [PMID: 27130643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii (O. fragrans) flower has been consumed as folk medicine for thousands of years. O. fragrans flower extract is a well-characterized phenylethanoid glycoside-rich extract, which has been used as a natural anti-oxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of O. fragrans flower phenylethanoid glycoside-rich extract (OFFE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The OFFE was extracted by 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol with 0.01% sodium isoascorbate (w/v) from the O. fragrans flower and purified on HPD300 resins. The total phenylethanoid glycosides content and individual phenylethanoid glycosides was determined by photocolorimetric method and reversed phase UPLC respectively. An acute oral toxicity study, reverse mutation test, bone marrow cell micronucleus test, and sperm abnormality test as well as a 90-day oral toxicity study were performed on experimental animals. RESULTS The total content of phenylethanoid glycosides in OFFE was 73.4g acteoside equivalent per 100g of extract, include acteoside (52.5g per 100g of extract), salidroside (13.8g per 100g of extract), and isoacteoside (2.6g per 100g of extract) and so on. No acute lethal effect at the maximal tested OFFE dose of 10g/kg body weight (bw) in either rats or mice was observed, suggesting that OFFE can be considered nontoxic. No evidence for mutagenicity was detected in any of the three mutagenic tests. Administration at levels of 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00g/kg bw to rats for 90 days failed to induce any significant hematological, clinical, chemical, or histopathological changes. The no-observed adverse-effect-level for OFFE was >2.00g/kg bw for the study on subchronic toxicity. CONCLUSION The results showed that consuming OFFE has no adverse effects and poses no health risk in the acute oral toxicity study, subchronic oral toxicity study, and in the micronucleus test, which may provide supportive evidence for the safety of OFFE powder that has been used in medicine as well as in functional foods, and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyi Lu
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation, Minstry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Maiquan Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation, Minstry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation, Minstry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Department of Applied Technology, Zhejiang Economic & Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yirong Jiang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation, Minstry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuqin Mao
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation, Minstry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation, Minstry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Lou
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation, Minstry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
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