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Holm-Weber T, Skov F, Mohanakumar S, Thorup L, Riis T, Christensen MB, Sonne DP, Jensen PB, Bødtkjer DB, Hjortdal VE. Octreotide improves human lymphatic fluid transport a translational trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezad380. [PMID: 37951584 PMCID: PMC10832356 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chylothorax is a complex condition and many different pharmacological agents have been tried as treatment. Octreotide is used off-label to treat chylothorax, but the efficacy of octreotide remains unclear. A decrease in lymph production is suggested as the mechanism. In this cross-over study, we explore the direct effect of octreotide on human lymphatic drainage. METHODS Pre-clinical: the effect of octreotide on force generation was assessed during acute and prolonged drug incubation on human lymphatic vessels mounted in a myograph. Clinical: in a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial including 16 healthy adults, we administered either octreotide or saline as an intravenous infusion for 2.5 h. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging was used to examine spontaneous lymphatic contractions and lymph pressure in peripheral lymphatic vessels and plethysmography was performed to assess the capillary filtration rate, capillary filtration coefficient and isovolumetric pressures of the lower leg. RESULTS Pre-clinical: human thoracic duct (n = 12) contraction rate was concentration-dependently stimulated by octreotide with a maximum effect at 10 and 100 nmol/l in the myograph chamber. Clinical: spontaneous lymphatic contractions and lymph pressure evaluated by near-infrared fluorescence did not differ between octreotide or placebo (P = 0.36). Plethysmography revealed similar capillary filtration coefficients (P = 0.057), but almost a doubling of the isovolumetric pressures (P = 0.005) during octreotide infusion. CONCLUSIONS Octreotide stimulated lymphatic contractility in the pre-clinical setup but did not affect the spontaneous lymphatic contractions or lymph pressure in healthy individuals. Plethysmography revealed a doubling in the isovolumetric pressure. These results suggest that octreotide increases lymphatic drainage capacity in situations with high lymphatic afterload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik Skov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Thorup
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Riis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bring Christensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Peick Sonne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Bo Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lymphatic Function Decreases over Time in the Arms of Breast Cancer Patients following Treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022; 10:e4507. [PMID: 36128434 PMCID: PMC9481438 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema, distinct lymphatic patterns and changed lymphatic contractile function have been described, but it is unknown how these characteristics change over time and to what extent they appear before clinical edema is detectable. Recently, we described the lymphatic morphology and function in a cohort of breast cancer patients shortly after radiation therapy (RT). In the current study, we investigate lymphatic function and morphology in the same cohort after 1 year of follow-up. Methods The study population consisted of 28 breast cancer patients investigated 12 months after adjuvant locoregional RT. Lymphatic contraction frequency (CF), propulsion velocity, and the morphology of lymphatic vessels in the upper extremities were described in vivo using near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Lymphatic stress test was performed using hyperthermia. Results At 1 year after RT, (n = 28) 46% of the patients presented with lymphatic morphological abnormalities with a degree of dermal backflow and 21% had developed clinical breast cancer-related lymphedema. In the ipsilateral arm, CF was 23% lower than in the contralateral arm (P = 0.04). Since primary examination, CF in the ipsilateral arm decreased by 40% (P = 0.03), whereas no change was observed in the contralateral arm. During hyperthermia, the ipsilateral arms with lymphatic complications were not able to increase CF as the remaining subgroups. Conclusions Lymphatic function in the ipsilateral arm deteriorated over time after adjuvant breast cancer therapy. Furthermore, the presence of abnormal torturous lymphatic vessels in asymptomatic arms appeared to be associated with weak lymphatic reserve pumping capacity.
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Majgaard J, Skov FG, Kim S, Hjortdal VE, Boedtkjer DMB. Positive chronotropic action of HCN channel antagonism in human collecting lymphatic vessels. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15401. [PMID: 35980021 PMCID: PMC9387113 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous action potentials precede phasic contractile activity in human collecting lymphatic vessels. In this study, we investigated the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in human collecting lymphatics and by pharmacological inhibition ex vivo tested their potential role in controlling contractile function. Spontaneous and agonist-evoked tension changes of isolated thoracic duct and mesenteric lymphatic vessels-obtained from surgical patients with informed consent-were investigated by isometric myography, and ivabradine, ZD7288 or cesium were used to inhibit HCN. Analysis of HCN isoforms by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence revealed HCN2 to be the predominantly expressed mRNA isoform in human thoracic duct and mesenteric lymphatic vessels and HCN2-immunoreactivity confirmed protein expression in both vessel types. However, in functional experiments ex vivo the HCN inhibitors ivabradine, ZD7288, and cesium failed to lower contraction frequency: conversely, all three antagonists induced a positive chronotropic effect with concurrent negative inotropic action, though these effects first occurred at concentrations regarded as supramaximal for HCN inhibition. Based on these results, we conclude that human collecting vessels express HCN channel proteins but under the ex vivo experimental conditions described here HCN channels have little involvement in regulating contraction frequency in human collecting lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, HCN antagonists can produce concentration-dependent positive chronotropic and negative inotropic effects, which are apparently unrelated to HCN antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Majgaard
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Sukhan Kim
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Vibeke Elisabeth Hjortdal
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Donna M. B. Boedtkjer
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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4
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Holm-Weber T, Kristensen RE, Mohanakumar S, Hjortdal VE. Gravity and lymphodynamics. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15289. [PMID: 35586957 PMCID: PMC9117968 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is compromised in different groups of patients. To recognize pathology, we must know what is healthy. We use Near-Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) to assess peripheral lymphatic function in humans. We have shown that external factors such as exercise, hyperthermia, and pharmacological mediators influence the function of peripheral lymphatic vessels. In this study, we explored the impact on lymphatic vessels by the ever-present external factor-gravity. We used NIRF imaging to investigate the lymphatic changes to gravity. Gravity was assessed by changing body position from supine to standing. We extracted following lymphatic functional parameters: lymphatic packet propulsion frequency (contractions/min), velocity (cm/s), and pressure (mmHg). Raw data analysis was performed using a custom-written Labview program. All sequences were analyzed by two observers and interclass correlation scores were calculated. All statistical analysis was performed using RStudio Team (2021). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. RStudio, PBC. Healthy participants (n = 17, 11 males, age 28.1 ± 2.6 years) were included. The lymphatic packet propulsion frequency at baseline was 0.5 ± 0.2 contractions/min and rose within 3 min significantly to a maximum of 1.2 ± 0.5 contractions/min during upright posture and remained significantly higher than the baseline lymphatic packet propulsion frequency after lying down again for up to 6 min. The lymph velocity was 1.5 ± 0.4 cm/s at baseline and changed in both directions and without a specific pattern at different points in time during standing. Lymph pressure was significantly higher while standing (mean increase 9 mmHg, CI: 2-15 mmHg). The ICC scores were 89.8% (85.9%-92.7%), 59.3% (46.6%-69.6%) and 89.4% (79.0%-94.8%) in lymphatic packet propulsion frequency (130 observations), velocity (125 observations), and pressure (30 observations), respectively. The lymphatic system responds within few minutes to gravitational changes by increasing lymphatic packet propulsion frequency and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holm-Weber
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Eskild Kristensen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sheyanth Mohanakumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke E Hjortdal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Dori Y, Smith CL. Lymphatic Disorders in Patients With Single Ventricle Heart Disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:828107. [PMID: 35757132 PMCID: PMC9226478 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.828107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic abnormalities in patients with single ventricle physiology can lead to early Fontan failure and severe Fontan complications, such as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), plastic bronchitis (PB), chylothorax, and edema. Recent developments in lymphatic imaging and interventions have shed new light on the lymphatic dysfunction in this patient population and the role of the lymphatic circulation in PLE, PB, and chylothorax. In this study, we reviewed some of the latest developments in this field and discuss new treatment options for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Dori
- Department of Cardiology, Jill and Mark Fishman Center for Lymphatic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher L Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Jill and Mark Fishman Center for Lymphatic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Russell PS, Hong J, Trevaskis NL, Windsor JA, Martin ND, Phillips ARJ. Lymphatic Contractile Function: A Comprehensive Review of Drug Effects and Potential Clinical Application. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2437-2457. [PMID: 34415332 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system work together to maintain body fluid homeostasis. Despite that, the lymphatic system has been relatively neglected as a potential drug target and a source of adverse effects from cardiovascular drugs. Like the heart, the lymphatic vessels undergo phasic contractions to promote lymph flow against a pressure gradient. Dysfunction or failure of the lymphatic pump results in fluid imbalance and tissue oedema. While this can due to drug effects, it is also a feature of breast cancer-associated lymphoedema, chronic venous insufficiency, congestive heart failure and acute systemic inflammation. There are currently no specific drug treatments for lymphatic pump dysfunction in clinical use despite the wealth of data from pre-clinical studies. AIM To identify (1) drugs with direct effects on lymphatic tonic and phasic contractions with potential for clinical application, and (2) drugs in current clinical use that have a positive or negative side effect on lymphatic function. METHODS We comprehensively reviewed all studies that tested the direct effect of a drug on the contractile function of lymphatic vessels. RESULTS Of the 208 drugs identified from 193 studies, about a quarter had only stimulatory effects on lymphatic tone, contraction frequency and/or contraction amplitude. Of FDA-approved drugs, there were 14 that increased lymphatic phasic contractile function. The most frequently used class of drug with inhibitory effects on lymphatic pump function were the calcium channels blockers. CONCLUSION This review highlights the opportunity for specific drug treatments of lymphatic dysfunction in various disease states and for avoiding adverse drug effects on lymphatic contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Russell
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels D Martin
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Lymphatic Disorders and Management in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 113:1101-1111. [PMID: 33373590 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease can lead to significant lymphatic complications such as chylothorax, plastic bronchitis, protein losing enteropathy and ascites. Recent improvements in lymphatic imaging and the development of new lymphatic procedures can help alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes.
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8
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Razavi MS, Leonard-Duke J, Hardie B, Dixon JB, Gleason RL. Axial stretch regulates rat tail collecting lymphatic vessel contractions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5918. [PMID: 32246026 PMCID: PMC7125298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic contractions play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis. The lymphatic system relies on orchestrated contraction of collecting lymphatic vessels, via lymphatic muscle cells and one-way valves, to transport lymph from the interstitial space back to the great veins, against an adverse pressure gradient. Circumferential stretch is known to regulate contractile function in collecting lymphatic vessels; however, less is known about the role of axial stretch in regulating contraction. It is likely that collecting lymphatic vessels are under axial strain in vivo and that the opening and closing of lymphatic valves leads to significant changes in axial strain throughout the pumping cycle. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the responsiveness of lympatic pumping to altered axial stretch. In situ measurements suggest that rat tail collecting lymphatic vessels are under an axial stretch of ~1.24 under normal physiological loads. Ex vivo experiments on isolated rat tail collecting lymphatics showed that the contractile metrics such as contractile amplitude, frequency, ejection fraction, and fractional pump flow are sensitive to axial stretch. Multiphoton microscopy showed that the predominant orientation of collagen fibers is in the axial direction, while lymphatic muscle cell nuclei and actin fibers are oriented in both circumferential and longitudinal directions, suggesting an axial component to contraction. Taken together, these results demonstrate the significance of axial stretch in lymphatic contractile function, suggest that axial stretch may play an important role in regulating lymph transport, and demonstrate that changes in axial strains could be an important factor in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Razavi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Julie Leonard-Duke
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Becky Hardie
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Rudolph L Gleason
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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9
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Jo M, Trujillo AN, Yang Y, Breslin JW. Evidence of functional ryanodine receptors in rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H561-H574. [PMID: 31274355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00564.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the potential contributions of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) to intrinsic pumping and responsiveness to substance P (SP) were investigated in isolated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels. Responses to SP were characterized in lymphatic vessels in the absence or presence of pretreatment with nifedipine to block L-type Ca2+ channels, caffeine to block normal release and uptake of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, ryanodine to block all RyR isoforms, or dantrolene to more selectively block RyR1 and RyR3. RyR expression and localization in lymphatics was also assessed by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results show that SP normally elicits a significant increase in contraction frequency and a decrease in end-diastolic diameter. In the presence of nifedipine, phasic contractions stop, yet subsequent SP treatment still elicits a strong tonic contraction. Caffeine treatment gradually relaxes lymphatics, causing a loss of phasic contractions, and prevents subsequent SP-induced tonic contraction. Ryanodine also gradually diminishes phasic contractions but without causing vessel relaxation and significantly inhibits the SP-induced tonic contraction. Dantrolene treatment did not significantly impair lymphatic contractions nor the response to SP. The mRNA for all RyR isoforms is detectable in isolated lymphatics. RyR2 and RyR3 proteins are found predominantly in the collecting lymphatic smooth muscle layer. Collectively, the data suggest that SP-induced tonic contraction requires both extracellular Ca2+ plus Ca2+ release from internal stores and that RyRs play a role in the normal contractions and responsiveness to SP of rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms that govern contractions of lymphatic vessels remain unclear. Tonic contraction of lymphatic vessels caused by substance P was blocked by caffeine, which prevents normal uptake and release of Ca2+ from internal stores, but not nifedipine, which blocks L-type channel-mediated Ca2+ entry. Ryanodine, which also disrupts normal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and reuptake, significantly inhibited substance P-induced tonic contraction. Ryanodine receptors 2 and 3 were detected within the smooth muscle layer of collecting lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Jo
- Department of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andrea N Trujillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Mohanakumar S, Telinius N, Kelly B, Lauridsen H, Boedtkjer D, Pedersen M, de Leval M, Hjortdal V. Morphology and Function of the Lymphatic Vasculature in Patients With a Fontan Circulation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:e008074. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.118.008074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheyanth Mohanakumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.M., N.T., B.K., V.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine (S.M., N.T., B.K., D.B., M.P., V.H.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Niklas Telinius
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.M., N.T., B.K., V.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine (S.M., N.T., B.K., D.B., M.P., V.H.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Kelly
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.M., N.T., B.K., V.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine (S.M., N.T., B.K., D.B., M.P., V.H.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (H.L., M.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Donna Boedtkjer
- Department of Clinical Medicine (S.M., N.T., B.K., D.B., M.P., V.H.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine (D.B.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (S.M., N.T., B.K., D.B., M.P., V.H.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (H.L., M.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Marc de Leval
- The Harley Street Clinic Children’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (M.d.L.)
| | - Vibeke Hjortdal
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.M., N.T., B.K., V.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine (S.M., N.T., B.K., D.B., M.P., V.H.), Aarhus University, Denmark
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Breslin JW, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Sweat RS, Adderley SP, Murfee WL. Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:207-299. [PMID: 30549020 PMCID: PMC6459625 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard S. Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shaquria P. Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - W. Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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12
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Contraction of collecting lymphatics: organization of pressure-dependent rate for multiple lymphangions. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1513-1532. [PMID: 29948540 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes the extension of a previously developed model of pressure-dependent contraction rate to the case of multiple lymphangions. Mechanical factors are key modulators of active lymphatic pumping. As part of the evolution of our lumped-parameter model to match experimental findings, we have designed an algorithm whereby the time until the next contraction depends on lymphangion transmural pressure in the contraction just completed. The functional dependence of frequency on pressure is quantitatively matched to isobaric contraction experiments on isolated lymphatic segments. When each of several lymphangions is given this ability, a scheme for their coordination must be instituted to match the observed synchronization. Accordingly, and in line with an experiment on an isolated lymphatic vessel segment in which we measured contraction sequence and conduction delay, we took the fundamental principle to be that local timing can be overridden by signals to initiate contraction that start in adjacent lymphangions, conducted with a short delay. The scheme leads to retrograde conduction when the lymphangion chain is pumping against an adverse pressure difference, but antegrade conduction when contractions occur with no or a favourable pressure difference. Abolition of these conducted signals leads to chaotic variation of cycle-mean flow-rate from the chain, diastolic duration in each lymphangion, and inter-lymphangion delays. Chaotic rhythm is also seen under other circumstances. Because the model responds to increasing adverse pressure difference by increasing the repetition rate of contractions, it maintains time-average output flow-rate better than one with fixed repetition rate.
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13
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d'Udekem Y, de Leval M. The elusive and ungrateful lymphatic circulation may be a key determinant of Fontan failure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:2067-2068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Mohanakumar S, Majgaard J, Telinius N, Katballe N, Pahle E, Hjortdal V, Boedtkjer D. Spontaneous and α-adrenoceptor-induced contractility in human collecting lymphatic vessels require chloride. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H389-H401. [PMID: 29631375 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00551.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human lymphatic vessels are myogenically active and respond to sympathetic stimulation. The role of various cations in this behavior has recently been investigated, but whether the anion Cl- is essential is unclear. With ethical approval and informed consent, human thoracic duct and mesenteric lymphatic vessels were obtained from surgical patients. Spontaneous or norepinephrine-induced isometric force production from isolated vessels was measured by wire myography; the transmembrane Cl- gradient and Cl- channels were investigated by substitution of extracellular Cl- with the impermeant anion aspartate and inhibition of Cl- transport and channels with the clinical diuretics furosemide and bendroflumethiazide as well as DIDS and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid. The molecular expression of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels was investigated by RT-PCR, and proteins were localized using immunoreactivity. Spontaneous and norepinephrine-induced contractility in human lymphatic vessels was highly abrogated after Cl- substitution with aspartate. About 100-300 µM DIDS or 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid inhibited spontaneous contractile behavior. Norepinephrine-stimulated tone was furthermore markedly abrogated by 200 µM DIDS. Furosemide lowered only spontaneous constrictions, whereas bendroflumethiazide had nonspecific inhibitory effects. Consistent expression of transmembrane member 16A [TMEM16A (anoctamin-1)] was found in both the thoracic duct and mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and immunoreactivity with different antibodies localized TMEM16A to lymphatic smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells. The significant change in contractile function observed with inhibitors and anion substitution suggests that Cl- movement over the plasma membrane of lymphatic myocytes is integral for spontaneous and α-adrenoceptor-evoked contractility in human collecting lymphatic vessels. Consistent detection and localization of TMEM16A to myocytes suggests that this channel could play a major functional role. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we report the first observations of Cl- being a critical ionic component of spontaneous and agonist-evoked contractility in human lymphatics. The most consistently expressed Ca2+-activated Cl- channel gene in the human thoracic duct and mesenteric lymphatic vessels appears to be transmembrane member 16A, suggesting that this channel plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyanth Mohanakumar
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Deptartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jens Majgaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Deptartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Niklas Telinius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Deptartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Niels Katballe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Deptartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Einar Pahle
- Department of Surgery, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Hjortdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Deptartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Donna Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,Deptartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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