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Guo W, Yu Z, Li T, Lu L, Lin H, Liao Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Alevtinovna GM, Barysavets DS, Chen J, Zan J, Lu J. Development of a time-resolved immunochromatographic test strip for rapid and quantitative determination of retinol-binding protein 4 in urine. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:311. [PMID: 38717575 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Urine retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently been reported as a novel earlier biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Accurate and rapid detection of urine RBP4 is essential for early monitor of impaired kidney function and prevention of CKD progression. In the present study, we developed a time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic test strip (TRFIS) for the quantitative and rapid detection of urine RBP4. This TRFIS possessed excellent linearity ranging from 0.024 to 12.50 ng/mL for the detection of urine RBP4, and displayed a good linearity (Y = 239,581 × X + 617,238, R2 = 0.9902), with the lowest visual detection limit of 0.049 ng/mL. This TRFIS allows for quantitative detection of urine RBP4 within 15 min and shows high specificity. The intra-batch coefficient of variation (CV) and the inter-batch CV were both < 8%, respectively. Additionally, this TRFIS was applied to detect RBP4 in the urine samples from healthy donors and patients with CKD, and the results of TRFIS could efficiently discern the patients with CKD from the healthy donors. The developed TRFIS has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high accuracy, and a wide linear range, and is suitable for rapid and quantitative determination of urine RBP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Guo
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianxu Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingfei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqi Lin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanghao Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Dzmitry S Barysavets
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named of S.N. Vyshelessky, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jinping Chen
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang T, Chen Z, Xie L, Xu R, Chen L, Jia T, Shi W, Wang Y, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Yuan T, Zhang J. A fusion protein of vimentin with Fc fragment inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus replication. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1368725. [PMID: 38500602 PMCID: PMC10944967 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1368725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family and a flavivirus, is known to induce acute encephalitis. Vimentin protein has been identified as a potential receptor for JEV, engaging in interactions with the viral membrane protein. The Fc fragment, an integral constituent of immunoglobulins, plays a crucial role in antigen recognition by dendritic cells (DCs) or phagocytes, leading to subsequent antigen presentation, cytotoxicity, or phagocytosis. In this study, we fused the receptor of JEV vimentin with the Fc fragment of IgG and expressed the resulting vimentin-Fc fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Pull-down experiments demonstrated the binding ability of the vimentin-Fc fusion protein to JEV virion in vitro. Additionally, we conducted inhibition assays at the cellular level, revealing the ability of vimentin-Fc protein suppressing JEV replication, it may be a promising passive immunotherapy agent for JEV. These findings pave the way for potential therapeutic strategies against JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoping Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Gynecological and Obstetric Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lyu Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wengang Shi
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Gynecological and Obstetric Disease, Kunming, China
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Ding Y, Gao Y, Chen R, Zhang Z, Li Q, Jia T, Zhang T, Xu R, Shi W, Chen L, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Song J, Zhang J. Development of a novel multi-epitope oral DNA vaccine for rabies based on a food-borne microbial vector. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128085. [PMID: 37977454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Rabies has been with humans for a long time, and its special transmission route and almost 100 % lethality rate made it once a nightmare for humans. In this study, by predicting the rabies virus glycoprotein outer membrane region and nucleoprotein B-cell antigenic epitopes, the coding sequence of the predicted highly antigenic polypeptide region obtained was assembled using the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(-), and then E. coli was used as the delivery vector. The immunogenicity and protective properties of the vaccine were verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments, which demonstrated that the vaccine could produce antibodies in mice and prolong the survival time of mice exposed to the strong virus without any side effects. This study demonstrated that the preparation of an oral rabies DNA vaccine using food-borne microorganisms as a transport vehicle is feasible and could be a new strategy to eradicate rabies starting with wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Taoping Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wengang Shi
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China.
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Zhao W, Su J, Zhao N, Liu J, Su S. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection of Conserved and Variable Epitopes of Large Protein of Rabies Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020220. [PMID: 33572652 PMCID: PMC7911920 DOI: 10.3390/v13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) causes fatal neurological encephalitis and results in approximately 6000 human death cases worldwide every year. The large (L) protein of RABV, possessing conserved domains, is considered as the target for detection. In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated as 3F3, 3A6 and L-C, against L protein were generated by using the recombinant truncated L protein (aa 1431-1754) and the epitopes were also identified using a series of overlapping truncated polypeptides for testing the reactivity of mAbs with different RABV strains. The 1479EIFSIP1484, 1659RALSK1663 and 1724VFNSL1728 were identified as the minimal linear epitopes recognized by mAbs 3F3, 3A6 and L-C, respectively. Amino acid alignment showed epitope 1724VFNSL1728 recognized by mAb L-C is completely conserved among RABV strains, indicating that mAb L-C could be used to detect all of the RABV strains. Epitope 1479EIFSIP1484 is highly conserved among RABV strains except for a P1484S substitution in a China I sub-lineage strain of Asian lineage, which eliminated the reactivity of the epitope with mAb 3F3. However, the epitope 1659RALSK1663 was only completely conserved in the Africa-2 and Indian lineages, and a single A1660T substitution, mainly appeared in strains of the China I belonging to Asian lineage and a Cosmopolitan lineage strain, still retained the reactivity of the epitope with mAb 3A6. While both A1660T and K1663R substitutions in a China I lineage strain, single K1663R/Q substitution in some China II strains of Asian lineage and some Arctic-like lineage strains and R1659Q mutation in a strain of Africa-3 lineage eliminated the reactivity of the epitope with mAb 3A6, suggesting mAb 3A6 could be used for differentiation of variable epitopes of some strains in different lineages. Thus, variability and conservation of the three epitopes of L protein showed the reactive difference of mAbs among RABV strains of different lineages. These results may facilitate future studies in development of detection methods for RABV infection, the structure and function of RABV L protein.
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Liu J, Liao M, Yan Y, Yang H, Wang H, Zhou J. Rabies virus phosphoprotein P5 binding to BECN1 regulates self-replication by BECN1-mediated autophagy signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:153. [PMID: 32948206 PMCID: PMC7499888 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabies virus (RABV) is reported to encode five phosphoproteins (P), which are involved in viral genomic replication, axonal transport, oxidative stress, interferon antagonism, and autophagy induction. However, the functions of the different P proteins are poorly understood. Methods Immunofluorescence staining and western blot were performed to detect the autophagy activity, the form of ring-like structure, and the colocalization of BECN1 and P. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to detect the interaction between P and BECN1. QRT-PCR and TCID50 assay were performed to detect the replication level of RABV. Small interfering RNA was used to detect the autophagy signaling pathway. Results We found that P5 attaches to N-terminal residues 1–139 of BECN1 (beclin1) on the BECN1 ring-like structure through amino acid residues 173–222 of P5. Subsequently, we found that P5-induced autophagosomes did not fuse with lysosomes. Becn1 silencing did not recover P5 overexpression-induced promotion of RABV replication. Mechanistically, RABV protein PΔN82 (P5) induced incomplete autophagy via the BECN1-mediated signaling pathway. Conclusions Our data indicate that P5 binding to the BECN1 ring benefits RABV replication by inducing BECN1 signaling pathway-dependent incomplete autophagy, which provides a potential target for antiviral drugs against RABV. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Min Liao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Hailong Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.,Collaborative innovation center and State Key laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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6
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Liu J, Zhao W, He W, Wang N, Su J, Ji S, Chen J, Wang D, Zhou J, Su S. Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Variable Epitopes of the M Protein of Rabies Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040375. [PMID: 31018607 PMCID: PMC6520763 DOI: 10.3390/v11040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV), the causative agent of rabies, is highly neurovirulent for warm-blooded animals with a mortality rate of up to 100%. The RABV matrix protein (M) is required for virus particle assembly and budding. However, little is known about antigenic differences in the M protein. In this study, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated 3B9, 4A1, 2B11, 2C1, and 4B11, against the RABV M protein were generated using a recombinant M protein. All five mAbs reacted with the CVS-11 strain but showed no reactivity against the HEP-Flury strain in indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting. The epitope targeted by these mAbs was further identified by peptide scanning using GST-fused peptides. The 25PPYDDD30 peptide was defined as the minimal linear epitope. Alignment of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis of different RABV strains indicated that the variable epitope 25PPDGDD30 is only present in the HEP-Flury and variant Flury strains of clade III, while the other strains resembling ERA and SRVA9 within the clade had another variable epitope, 25PLDDDD30. A Y27D mutation within the epitope was found among the rest of the RABV strains distributed in different clades. However, a single D28G mutation eliminated the reactivity of these five mAbs. In addition, the mAbs were able to recognize wildtype RABV strain in indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting and detect RABV-infected brain tissue using immunohistochemistry. The newly established mAbs and identified epitope may facilitate future investigations in the structure and function of the M protein and the development of diagnostic methods for the detection of different RABV strains worldwide. Most importantly, the epitope recognized by the mAbs against M protein might serve as a novel target for the development of a vaccine targeting RABV virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wanting He
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ningning Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jingyin Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Senlin Ji
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shuo Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Liu J, Wang H, Gu J, Deng T, Yuan Z, Hu B, Xu Y, Yan Y, Zan J, Liao M, DiCaprio E, Li J, Su S, Zhou J. BECN1-dependent CASP2 incomplete autophagy induction by binding to rabies virus phosphoprotein. Autophagy 2017; 13:739-753. [PMID: 28129024 PMCID: PMC5388250 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1280220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential component of host immunity and used by viruses for survival. However, the autophagy signaling pathways involved in virus replication are poorly documented. Here, we observed that rabies virus (RABV) infection triggered intracellular autophagosome accumulation and results in incomplete autophagy by inhibiting autophagy flux. Subsequently, we found that RABV infection induced the reduction of CASP2/caspase 2 and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-AKT-MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and AMPK-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways. Further investigation revealed that BECN1/Beclin 1 binding to viral phosphoprotein (P) induced an incomplete autophagy via activating the pathways CASP2-AMPK-AKT-MTOR and CASP2-AMPK-MAPK by decreasing CASP2. Taken together, our data first reveals a crosstalk of BECN1 and CASP2-dependent autophagy pathways by RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hailong Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- b Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Tingjuan Deng
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhuangchuan Yuan
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Boli Hu
- b Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yunbin Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yan Yan
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jie Zan
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Min Liao
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Erin DiCaprio
- d Department of Veterinary Biosciences , College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- d Department of Veterinary Biosciences , College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Shuo Su
- b Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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The co-chaperone Cdc37 regulates the rabies virus phosphoprotein stability by targeting to Hsp90AA1 machinery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27123. [PMID: 27251758 PMCID: PMC4890047 DOI: 10.1038/srep27123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc37, as a kinase-specific co-chaperone of the chaperone Hsp90AA1 (Hsp90), actively aids with the maturation, stabilization and activation of the cellular or viral kinase/kinase-like targets. Phosphoprotein (P) of rabies virus (RABV) is a multifunctional, non-kinase protein involved in interferon antagonism, viral transcription and replication. Here, we demonstrated that the RABV non-kinase P is chaperoned by Cdc37 and Hsp90 during infection. We found that Cdc37 and Hsp90 affect the RABV life cycle directly. Activity inhibition and knockdown of Cdc37 and Hsp90 increased the instability of the viral P protein. Overexpression of Cdc37 and Hsp90 maintained P's stability but did not increase the yield of infectious RABV virions. We further demonstrated that the non-enzymatic polymerase cofactor P protein of all the genotypes of lyssaviruses is a target of the Cdc37/Hsp90 complex. Cdc37, phosphorylated or unphosphorylated on Ser13, aids the P protein to load onto the Hsp90 machinery, with or without Cdc37 binding to Hsp90. However, the interaction between Cdc37 and Hsp90 appears to have additional allosteric regulation of the conformational switch of Hsp90. Our study highlighted a novel mechanism in which Cdc37/Hsp90 chaperones a non-kinase target, which has significant implications for designing therapeutic targets against Rabies.
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Jin Z, Sun T, Xia X, Wei Q, Song Y, Han Q, Chen Q, Hu J, Zhang J. Optimized Expression, Purification of Herpes B Virus gD Protein in Escherichia coli, and Production of Its Monoclonal Antibodies. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e32183. [PMID: 27226876 PMCID: PMC4877525 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.32183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes B virus (BV) is a zoonotic disease caused by double-stranded enveloped DNA virus with cercopithecidae as its natural host. The mortality rate of infected people could be up to 70% with fatal encephalitis and encephalomyelitis. Up to now, there are no effective treatments for BV infection. Among the various proteins encoded by monkey B virus, gD, a conserved structural protein, harbors important application value for serological diagnosis of frequent variations of the monkey B virus. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to expressed the gD protein of BV in Escherichia coli by a recombinant vector, and prepare specific monoclonal antibodies against gD of BV to pave the way for effective and quick diagnosis reagent research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gD gene of BV was optimized by OptimWiz to improve codon usage bias and synthesis, and the recombinant plasmid, pET32a/gD, was constructed and expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3). The expressed fusion protein, His-gD, was purified and the BALB/c mice were immunized by this protein. Spleen cells from the immunized mice and SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused together, and the monoclonal cell strains were obtained by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening, followed by preparation of monoclonal antibody ascetic fluid. RESULTS The optimized gD protein was highly expressed in E. coli and successfully purified. Five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against BV were obtained and named as 4E3, 3F8, 3E7, 1H3 and 4B6, and with ascetic fluid titers of 2 × 10(6), 2 × 10(5), 2 × 10(5), 2 × 10(3) and 2 × 10(2), respectively. The 1H3 and 4E3 belonged to the IgG2b subclass, while 3E7, 3F8 and 4B6 belonged to the IgG1 subclass. CONCLUSIONS The cell lines obtained in this work secreted potent, stable and specific anti-BV mAbs, which were suitable for the development of herpes B virus diagnosis reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Jin
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiujiang Wei
- Kunming Biomed International Company, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Corresponding author: Jinyang Zhang, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China. Tel: +86-87165939528, Fax: +86-87165939528, E-mail:
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Zhang J, Han Q, Song Y, Chen Q, Xia X. Analysis of Subcellular Prefoldin 1 Redistribution During Rabies Virus Infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e24757. [PMID: 26421138 PMCID: PMC4584118 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.24757v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rabies virus (RABV) is one of the old deadly zoonotic viruses. It attacks the central nervous system and causes acute encephalitis in humans and animals. Host factors are known to be essential for virus infection and replication in cells. The identification of the key host factors required for RABV infection may provide important information on RABV replication and may provide new potential targets for RABV drug discovery. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the change in the subcellular distribution and expression of the host protein Prefoldin subunit 1 (PFDN1) in RABV-infected cells and the viral expression of plasmids in the transfected cells. Materials and Methods: Mouse Neuro-2a (N2a) cells were infected by RABV or transfected with the plasmids of the nucleoprotein (N) and/or phosphoprotein (P) gene of RABV. The subcellular distribution of PFDN1 was analyzed by confocal microscopy, and the transcription levels of PFDN1 in the N and/or P gene of the RABV-transfected or RABV-infected N2a cells were assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Confocal microscopy showed that PFDN1 was colocalized with the N protein of RABV in the infected N2a cells and was mainly recruited to the characteristic Negri-Body-Like (NBL) structures in the cytoplasm, as well as the cotransfection of the N and P genes of RABV. The transcription of PFDN1 in the RABV-infected N2a cells was upregulated, whereas the transfection of the N and/or P genes did not result in the upregulation of PFDN1. Conclusions: The results of this work demonstrated that the subcellular distribution of PFDN1 was altered in the RABV-infected N2a cells and colocalized with the N protein of RABV in the NBL structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Zhang J, Ye C, Ruan X, Zan J, Xu Y, Liao M, Zhou J. The chaperonin CCTα is required for efficient transcription and replication of rabies virus. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 58:590-9. [PMID: 25082455 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Negri bodies (NBs) are formed in the cytoplasm of rabies virus (RABV)-infected cells and are accompanied by a number of host factors to NBs, in which replication and transcription occur. Here, it was found that chaperonin containing TCP-1 subunit alpha (CCTα) relocalizes to NBs in RABV-infected cells, and that cotransfection of nucleo- and phospho-proteins of RABV is sufficient to recruit CCTα to the NBs' structure. Inhibition of CCTα expression by specific short hairpin RNA knockdown inhibited the replication and transcription of RABV. Therefore, this study showed that the host factor CCTα is associated with RABV infection and is very likely required for efficient virus transcription and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058; State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003; Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Zhang J, Jin Z, Sun T, Jiang Y, Han Q, Song Y, Chen Q, Xia X. Prokaryotic Expression, Purification, and Polyclonal Antibody Production of a Truncated Recombinant Rabies Virus L Protein. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 13:18-24. [PMID: 28959286 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies virus (RABV) is a deadly neurotropic virus that causes the disease of rabies in humans and animals. L protein is one of the large structural protein of rabies virus, which displays multiple enzymatic activities, and is required for viral transcription and replication. OBJECTIVES A truncated L protein of Rabies virus is being cloned, expressed and purified to produce relevant polyclonal antibody. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene fragment of L protein of RABV was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET- 28a and transformed into E. coli Rosetta DE3 host strain. The recombinant L protein of RABV was expressed and characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis using anti-his tag antibody. Mice were immunized with the purified recombinant L protein, the reaction of the anti-serum was checked by immunofluorescence and dot-blot, respectively. RESULTS The results of PCR and sequencing confirmed that the fragment of L gene of RABV was successfully cloned into the expression vector. The expression of recombinant L protein fragment induced by IPTG was confirmed by the band of 43 kDa in SDS-PAGE and western blot. The antiserum of purified L protein immunized mice was reacted with RABV infected N2a cells and suckling mouse brain tissue lysates. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that the recombinant L protein produced by pET-28a vector was very successful, and the purified L protein could efficiently induce the antibody response in mice. The antiserum could recognize the virus in RABV infected cells and tissue very well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Zian Jin
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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Kaur M, Garg R, Singh S, Bhatnagar R. Rabies vaccines: where do we stand, where are we heading? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:369-81. [PMID: 25348036 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.973403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies being the most lethal zoonotic, vaccine-preventable viral disease with worldwide distribution of reservoir wild animals presents unique challenges for its diagnosis, management and control. Although vaccines available are highly effective, which had played the key role in controlling rabies in North America, western Europe and in a number of Asian and Latin American countries, the requirement of multiple doses along with boosters, associated cost to reduce the incidence in wild animals and prophylactic human vaccination has remained a major impediment towards achieving the same goals in poorer parts of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. Current efforts to contain rabies worldwide are directed towards the development of more safe, cheaper and efficacious vaccines along with anti-rabies antibodies for post-exposure prophylaxis. The work presented here provides an overview of the advances made towards controlling the human rabies, particularly in last 10 years, and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- BSL3 Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi - 110067, Delhi, India
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Monoclonal Antibody 5G3 Against Human B7-H4. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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