1
|
Amábile-Cuevas CF, Lund-Zaina S. Non-Canonical Aspects of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:565. [PMID: 38927231 PMCID: PMC11200725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of antibiotic resistance, one of the major health threats of our time, is mostly based on dated and incomplete notions, especially in clinical contexts. The "canonical" mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, as well as the methods used to assess their activity upon bacteria, have not changed in decades; the same applies to the definition, acquisition, selective pressures, and drivers of resistance. As a consequence, the strategies to improve antibiotic usage and overcome resistance have ultimately failed. This review gathers most of the "non-canonical" notions on antibiotics and resistance: from the alternative mechanisms of action of antibiotics and the limitations of susceptibility testing to the wide variety of selective pressures, lateral gene transfer mechanisms, ubiquity, and societal factors maintaining resistance. Only by having a "big picture" view of the problem can adequate strategies to harness resistance be devised. These strategies must be global, addressing the many aspects that drive the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria aside from the clinical use of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Lund-Zaina
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shoja S, Ghasemi S, Dastranj M, Shamseddin J, Ebrahimi N, Alizade H, Farahani A. Characterization of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Shigella from patients in the southern region of Iran. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:611. [PMID: 38115112 PMCID: PMC10731726 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shigella spp., which are facultative anaerobic bacilli within the Enterobacteriaceae family, present a significant public health burden due to their role as prominent contributors to diarrheal diseases worldwide. A molecular analysis can facilitate the identification and assessment of outbreaks involving this bacterium. So, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and clonal relatedness of clinical Shigella spp. isolates obtained from patients with diarrhea in Hormozgan province, South of Iran. METHODS From 2019 to 2021, a cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 448 stool samples obtained from patients who were experiencing diarrhea, in the southern region of Iran. Shigella spp. isolates were identified based on biochemical and serological tests. All Shigella species were verified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents. Subsequently, genotyping of all Shigella species was conducted using ERIC-PCR. RESULTS Out of a total of 448 stool samples, the presence of Shigella was detected in 62 cases, accounting for a prevalence rate of 13.84%. Among the identified isolates, the majority were attributed to S. flexneri, representing 53.23% of the cases. This was followed by S. sonnei at 24.19% and S. boydii at 22.58%. Notably, no instances of S. dysenteriae were found. The highest prevalence of Shigella isolates was observed in infants and children under the age of five. A significant proportion of the identified isolates demonstrated resistance to various antibiotics. Specifically, high resistance rates were noted for ampicillin (90.78%), piperacillin-tazobactam (87.1%), cefixime (83.87%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.87%), cefotaxime (82.26%), and ceftriaxone (80.65%). In addition, a substantial number (87.1%) of the isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. Using the ERIC-PCR method, a total of 11 clusters and 6 distinct single types were identified among all the Shigella isolates. CONCLUSION A notable occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Shigella species has been noted, with multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains presenting an increasing challenge for treating shigellosis worldwide, and this includes Iran. Techniques such as ERIC-PCR are useful for assessing the genetic variation and connections between Shigella strains, which indirectly contributes to understanding antimicrobial resistance patterns. Further research is needed to explore the specific correlation between resistance genes and ERIC genotyping patterns in Shigella strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shoja
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Saba Ghasemi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dastranj
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Jebreil Shamseddin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Alizade
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abbas Farahani
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chung KM, Liau XL, Tang SS. Bacteriophages and Their Host Range in Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Disease Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1467. [PMID: 37895938 PMCID: PMC10610060 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in recent times has prompted the search for new and more potent antibiotics. Bacteriophages (commonly known as phages) are viruses that target and infect their bacterial hosts. As such, they are also a potential alternative to antibiotics. These phages can be broadly categorized into monovalent (with a narrow host range spectrum and specific to a single bacterial genus) and polyvalent (with a broad host range and specific to more than two genera). However, there is still much ambiguity in the use of these terms, with researchers often describing their phages differently. There is considerable research on the use of both narrow- and broad-host range phages in the treatment of infections and diseases caused by MDR bacteria, including tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infectious diseases. From this, it is clear that the host range of these phages plays a vital role in determining the effectiveness of any phage therapy, and this factor is usually analyzed based on the advantages and limitations of different host ranges. There have also been efforts to expand phage host ranges via phage cocktail development, phage engineering and combination therapies, in line with current technological advancements. This literature review aims to provide a more in-depth understanding of the role of phage host ranges in the effectiveness of treating MDR-bacterial diseases, by exploring the following: phage biology, the importance of phages in MDR bacteria diseases treatment, the importance of phage host range and its advantages and limitations, current findings and recent developments, and finally, possible future directions for wide host range phages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Mun Chung
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Xiew Leng Liau
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Swee Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Emencheta SC, Olovo CV, Eze OC, Kalu CF, Berebon DP, Onuigbo EB, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM, Attama AA. The Role of Bacteriophages in the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Human Health. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2416. [PMID: 37896176 PMCID: PMC10609668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are nano-sized viruses characterized by their inherent ability to live off bacteria. They utilize diverse mechanisms to absorb and gain entry into the bacterial cell wall via the release of viral genetic material, which uses the replication mechanisms of the host bacteria to produce and release daughter progeny virions that attack the surrounding host cells. They possess specific characteristics, including specificity for particular or closely related bacterial species. They have many applications, including as potential alternatives to antibiotics against multi-resistant bacterial pathogens and as control agents in bacteria-contaminated environments. They are ubiquitously abundant in nature and have diverse biota, including in the gut. Gut microbiota describes the community and interactions of microorganisms within the intestine. As with bacteria, parasitic bacteriophages constantly interact with the host bacterial cells within the gut system and have obvious implications for human health. However, it is imperative to understand these interactions as they open up possible applicable techniques to control gut-implicated bacterial diseases. Thus, this review aims to explore the interactions of bacteriophages with bacterial communities in the gut and their current and potential impacts on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Emencheta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Chinasa V. Olovo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Osita C. Eze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Chisom F. Kalu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Dinebari P. Berebon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Ebele B. Onuigbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Marta M. D. C. Vila
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Victor M. Balcão
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anthony A. Attama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Institute for Drug-Herbal Medicine-Excipient Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teklemariam AD, Al Hindi R, Qadri I, Alharbi MG, Hashem AM, Alrefaei AA, Basamad NA, Haque S, Alamri T, Harakeh S. Phage cocktails - an emerging approach for the control of bacterial infection with major emphasis on foodborne pathogens. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-29. [PMID: 36927397 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2178870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy has recently attracted a great deal of attention to counteract the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In comparison to monophage therapy, phage cocktails are typically used to treat individual and/or multi-bacterial infections since the bacterial agents are unlikely to become resistant as a result of exposure to multiple phages simultaneously. The bacteriolytic effect of phage cocktails may produce efficient killing effect in comparison to individual phage. However, multiple use of phages (complex cocktails) may lead to undesirable side effects such as dysbiosis, horizontal gene transfer, phage resistance, cross resistance, and/or higher cost of production. Cocktail formulation, therefore, representa compromise between limiting the complexity of the cocktail and achieving substantial bacterial load reduction towards the targeted host organisms. Despite some constraints, the applications of monophage therapy have been well documented in the literature. However, phage cocktails-based approaches and their role for the control of pathogens have not been well investigated. In this review, we discuss the principle of phage cocktail formulations, their optimization strategies, major phage cocktail preparations, and their efficacy in inactivating various food borne bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Al Hindi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccine and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alrefaei
- Molecular Virology Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa A Basamad
- Parasitology Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia.,Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese, American University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Turki Alamri
- Family and community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jokar J, Rahimian N, Ghasemian A, Najafipour S. The Antibacterial Effects of Cocktail and Single Forms of Lytic Phages Belonging to Podoviridae and Myoviridae Families from Sewage against Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7833565. [PMID: 36467878 PMCID: PMC9718628 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7833565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea caused by bacterial pathogens such as Shigella spp. is one of the prominent public health concerns. The evolution of vast antibiotic resistance by these pathogens, leading to failure in the infections eradication, has made an impetus to seek and develop novel approaches. Recently, some alternative therapies such as phage therapy have been investigated. Bacteriophages are viruses that target specific bacterial species. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of phages obtained from hospital sewage against Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) ATCC® 9290 and S. flexneri ATCC 12022 standard and clinical strains. METHODS Four various lytic bacteriophages were isolated from animal fecal and sewage samples and propagated using S. sonnei and S. flexneri as host organisms. The phages' morphology was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lytic potential and host specificity of isolated phages were evaluated using double layer plaque assay and spot test. Moreover, bacterial turbidity values were evaluated in coculture with phages in the Luria Bertani (LB) medium for 24 hours at time intervals of 30 min. RESULTS Phage cocktails (Shs1, Shs2, Shf1, and Shf2) exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than single phage application against S. sonnei and S. flexneri standard strains. The phages belonged to Podoviridae and Myoviridae families according to TEM-assisted morphological features analysis. In addition, the phages exhibited host specificity using the spot test against 18 Shigella clinical isolates. CONCLUSION In this study, phage cocktail of Podoviridae and Myoviridae families from sewage conferred substantial antibacterial effects against S. sonnei and S. flexneri. However, single phage effects were unstable in the LB coculture. Moreover, the phages had host specificity using the spot test performed against Shigella spp. clinical isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jokar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rahimian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clarkson KA, Porter CK, Talaat KR, Kapulu MC, Chen WH, Frenck RW, Bourgeois AL, Kaminski RW, Martin LB. Shigella-Controlled Human Infection Models: Current and Future Perspectives. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35616717 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shigella-controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are an invaluable tool utilized by the vaccine community to combat one of the leading global causes of infectious diarrhea, which affects infants, children and adults regardless of socioeconomic status. The impact of shigellosis disproportionately affects children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) resulting in cognitive and physical stunting, perpetuating a cycle that must be halted. Shigella-CHIMs not only facilitate the early evaluation of enteric countermeasures and up-selection of the most promising products but also provide insight into mechanisms of infection and immunity that are not possible utilizing animal models or in vitro systems. The greater understanding of shigellosis obtained in CHIMs builds and empowers the development of new generation solutions to global health issues which are unattainable in the conventional laboratory and clinical settings. Therefore, refining, mining and expansion of safe and reproducible infection models hold the potential to create effective means to end diarrheal disease and associated co-morbidities associated with Shigella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Clarkson
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Chad K Porter
- Enteric Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway Street Hampton House, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Melissa C Kapulu
- Department of Biosciences, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi County Hospital, Off Bofa Road, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert W Frenck
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - A Louis Bourgeois
- PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - Robert W Kaminski
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Laura B Martin
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amábile-Cuevas CF. Phage Therapies: Lessons (Not) Learned from the "Antibiotic Era". PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2022; 3:12-14. [PMID: 36161197 PMCID: PMC9436267 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2022.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of phages as therapeutic or prophylactic approaches is gaining increased interest amid the growing menace of antibiotic resistance. Phages, along with other new anti-infective strategies, are certainly welcome as much needed additions to the medicinal arsenal. However, we can easily make with phages the same mistakes we made with antibiotics, which caused the current resistance crisis. The oversimplification of the ecological role of antibiotics, neglecting ancient resistance and the role of horizontal gene transfer; the active search for wide spectrum, and the massive agricultural abuse; and, most importantly, the financial greed behind the development and use of antibiotics; these are all trends that are now visible in phage research. Should we bring phages to the same track that wasted antibiotics, we could be looking at a "postphage era" in our near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas
- Fundación Lusara, Mexico City, Mexico.,Address correspondence to: Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas, DSc, Fundación Lusara, PO Box 8-895, Mexico City 08231, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahin K, Zhang L, Mehraban MH, Collard JM, Hedayatkhah A, Mansoorianfar M, Soleimani-Delfan A, Wang R. Clinical and experimental bacteriophage studies: Recommendations for possible approaches for standing against SARS-CoV-2. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105442. [PMID: 35151823 PMCID: PMC8830156 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, the world faced a serious health challenge, the rapid spreading of a life-threatening viral pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of January 2022 WHO statistics shows more than 5.6 million death and about 350 million infection by SARS-CoV-2. One of the life threatening aspects of COVID-19 is secondary infections and reduced efficacy of antibiotics against them. Since the beginning of COVID-19 many researches have been done on identification, treatment, and vaccine development. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) could offer novel approaches to detect, treat and control COVID-19. Phage therapy and in particular using phage cocktails can be used to control or eliminate the bacterial pathogen as an alternative or complementary therapeutic agent. At the same time, phage interaction with the host immune system can regulate the inflammatory response. In addition, phage display and engineered synthetic phages can be utilized to develop new vaccines and antibodies, stimulate the immune system, and elicit a rapid and well-appropriate defense response. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 new variants like delta and omicron has proved the urgent need for precise, efficient and novel approaches for vaccine development and virus detection techniques in which bacteriophages may be one of the plausible solutions. Therefore, phages with similar morphology and/or genetic content to that of coronaviruses can be used for ecological and epidemiological modeling of SARS-CoV-2 behavior and future generations of coronavirus, and in general new viral pathogens. This article is a comprehensive review/perspective of potential applications of bacteriophages in the fight against the present pandemic and the post-COVID era.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shahin K, Bao H, Zhu S, Soleimani-Delfan A, He T, Mansoorianfar M, Wang R. Bio-control of O157:H7, and colistin-resistant MCR-1-positive Escherichia coli using a new designed broad host range phage cocktail. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
11
|
Śliwka P, Ochocka M, Skaradzińska A. Applications of bacteriophages against intracellular bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:222-239. [PMID: 34428105 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1960481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to both human and animal populations. Intracellular bacteria are a group of pathogens that invade and survive within the interior of eukaryotic cells, which in turn protect them from antibacterial drugs and the host immune system. Limited penetration of antibacterials into host cells results in insufficient bacterial clearance and treatment failure. Bacteriophages have, over the decades, been proved to play an important role in combating bacterial infections (phage therapy), making them an important alternative to classical antibiotic strategies today. Phages have been found to be effective at killing various species of extracellular bacteria, but little is still known about how phages control intracellular infections. With advances in phage genomics and mechanisms of delivery and cell uptake, the development of phage-based antibacterial strategies to address the treatment of intracellular bacteria has general potential. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the application of bacteriophages against intracellular bacteria. We cover phage deployment against the most common intracellular pathogens with special attention to therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Śliwka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Ochocka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Skaradzińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo M, Gao Y, Xue Y, Liu Y, Zeng X, Cheng Y, Ma J, Wang H, Sun J, Wang Z, Yan Y. Bacteriophage Cocktails Protect Dairy Cows Against Mastitis Caused By Drug Resistant Escherichia coli Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:690377. [PMID: 34222051 PMCID: PMC8248792 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.690377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) remains a threat to dairy animals and impacts animal welfare and causes great economic loss. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance and the lagged development of novel antibacterial drugs greatly challenge the livestock industry. Phage therapy has regained attention. In this study, three lytic phages, termed vB_EcoM_SYGD1 (SYGD1), vB_EcoP_SYGE1 (SYGE1), and vB_EcoM_SYGMH1 (SYGMH1), were isolated from sewage of dairy farm. The three phages showed a broad host range and high bacteriolytic efficiency against E. coli from different sources. Genome sequence and transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that SYGD1 and SYGMH1 belong to the Myoviridae, and SYGE1 belong to the Autographiviridae of the order Caudovirales. All three phages remained stable under a wide range of temperatures or pH and were almost unaffected in chloroform. Specially, a mastitis infected cow model, which challenged by a drug resistant E. coli, was used to evaluate the efficacy of phages. The results showed that the cocktails consists of three phages significantly reduced the number of bacteria, somatic cells, and inflammatory factors, alleviated the symptoms of mastitis in cattle, and achieved the same effect as antibiotic treatment. Overall, our study demonstrated that phage cocktail may be a promising alternative therapy against mastitis caused by drug resistant E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibing Xue
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanping Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effective control of Shigella contamination in different foods using a novel six-phage cocktail. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
14
|
Shahin K, Barazandeh M, Zhang L, Hedayatkhah A, He T, Bao H, Mansoorianfar M, Pang M, Wang H, Wei R, Wang R. Biodiversity of New Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Shigella spp. in Freshwater Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619323. [PMID: 33679642 PMCID: PMC7925395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and replicate within prokaryotic cells are the most abundant life forms in the environment, yet the vast majority of them have not been properly reported or even discovered. Almost all reported bacteriophages infecting the Enterobacteriaceae family, with Escherichia coli being the major subject of studies, have been isolated from wastewater, sewage, and effluent resources. In the present study, we focused on the distribution and biodiversity of Shigella phages in an aquatic ecosystem. While no Shigella bacteria was recovered from the Yangtze River, three lytic phages were isolated from this ecosystem and were subjected to biological, morphological, and genomic characteristics. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that vB _SflM_004 isolate belongs to Myoviridae family, Felixounavirus genus of Ounavirinae subfamily, vB_SdyM_006 was classified under the same family, however, it is suggested to be in a new genus under Tevenvirinae subfamily with some other related bacteriophages. vB_SsoS_008 phage belongs to the Siphoviridae family, Tunavirus genus, Tunavirinae subfamily. The phages did not harbor any genes involved in the lysogenic cycles and showed a high temperature and pH stability. The biodiversity of the isolated phages highly suggests that continued isolation on non-model members of Enterobacteriaceae family is necessary to fully understand bacteriophage diversity in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Shahin
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohadeseh Barazandeh
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Tao He
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongduo Bao
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | - Mojtaba Mansoorianfar
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Maoda Pang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | - Heye Wang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruicheng Wei
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shahin K, Zhang L, Bao H, Hedayatkhah A, Soleimani-Delfan A, Komijani M, He T, Barazandeh M, Mansoorianfar M, Bouzari M, Wang R. An in-vitro study on a novel six-phage cocktail against multi-drug resistant-ESBL Shigella in aquatic environment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:231-237. [PMID: 33070360 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Shigella spp. are water-borne pathogens responsible for mild to severe cases bacilli dysentery all around the world known as Shigellosis. The progressively increasing of antibiotic resistance among Shigella calls for developing and establishing novel alternative therapeutic methods. The present study aimed to evaluate a novel phage cocktail of lytic phages against extended spectrum beta lactamase isolates of Shigella species in an aquatic environment. The phage cocktail containing six novel Shigella specific phages showed a broad host spectrum. The cocktail was very stable in aquatic environment. The cocktail resulted in about 99% decrease in the bacterial counts in the contaminated water by several species and strains of Shigella such as Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae. Achieving such a high efficiency in this in-vitro study demonstrates a high potential for in-vivo and in-situ application of this phage cocktail as a bio-controlling agent against Shigella spp. contamination and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shahin
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - L Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - H Bao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - A Hedayatkhah
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Soleimani-Delfan
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - M Komijani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - T He
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - M Barazandeh
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - M Mansoorianfar
- Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, China
| | - M Bouzari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|