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Francisco C, Neves JS, Falcão-Pires I, Leite-Moreira A. Can Adiponectin Help us to Target Diastolic Dysfunction? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 30:635-644. [PMID: 27757724 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic and antidiabetic properties. Unlike other adipokines, it inversely correlates with body weight and obesity-linked cardiovascular complications. Diastolic dysfunction is the main mechanism responsible for approximately half of all heart failure cases, the so-called heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but therapeutic strategies specifically directed towards these patients are still lacking. In the last years, a link between adiponectin and diastolic dysfunction has been suggested. There are several mechanisms through which adiponectin may prevent most of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF, including the prevention of myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, nitrative and oxidative stress, atherosclerosis and inflammation, while promoting angiogenesis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying adiponectin-mediated improvement of diastolic function has become an exciting field of research, making adiponectin a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we explore the relevance of adiponectin signaling for the prevention of diastolic dysfunction and identify prospective therapeutic targets aiming at the treatment of this clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Francisco
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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Mahmoud AM, Brown MD, Phillips SA, Haus JM. Skeletal Muscle Vascular Function: A Counterbalance of Insulin Action. Microcirculation 2016; 22:327-47. [PMID: 25904196 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a vasoactive hormone that regulates vascular homeostasis by maintaining balance of endothelial-derived NO and ET-1. Although there is general agreement that insulin resistance and the associated hyperinsulinemia disturb this balance, the vascular consequences for hyperinsulinemia in isolation from insulin resistance are still unclear. Presently, there is no simple answer for this question, especially in a background of mixed reports examining the effects of experimental hyperinsulinemia on endothelial-mediated vasodilation. Understanding the mechanisms by which hyperinsulinemia induces vascular dysfunction is essential in advancing treatment and prevention of insulin resistance-related vascular complications. Thus, we review literature addressing the effects of hyperinsulinemia on vascular function. Furthermore, we give special attention to the vasoregulatory effects of hyperinsulinemia on skeletal muscle, the largest insulin-dependent organ in the body. This review also characterizes the differential vascular effects of hyperinsulinemia on large conduit vessels versus small resistance microvessels and the effects of metabolic variables in an effort to unravel potential sources of discrepancies in the literature. At the cellular level, we provide an overview of insulin signaling events governing vascular tone. Finally, we hypothesize a role for hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael D Brown
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob M Haus
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hata A, Yonemoto K, Shikama Y, Aki N, Kosugi C, Tamura A, Ichihara T, Minagawa T, Kuwamura Y, Miyoshi M, Nakao T, Funaki M. Cut-off value of total adiponectin for managing risk of developing metabolic syndrome in male Japanese workers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118373. [PMID: 25705909 PMCID: PMC4337907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the optimal cut-off value of serum total adiponectin for managing the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in male Japanese workers. Methods A total of 365 subjects without MetS aged 20–60 years were followed up prospectively for a mean of 3.1 years. The accelerated failure-time model was used to estimate time ratio (TR) and cut-off value for developing MetS. Results During follow-up, 45 subjects developed MetS. Age-adjusted TR significantly declined with decreasing total adiponectin level (≤ 4.9, 5.0–6.6, 6.7–8.8 and ≥ 8.9 μg/ml, P for trend = 0.003). In multivariate analyses, TR of MetS was 0.12 (95% CI 0.02–0.78; P = 0.03) in subjects with total adiponectin level of 5.0–6.6 μg/ml, and 0.15 (95% CI 0.02–0.97; P = 0.047) in subjects with total adiponectin level ≤ 4.9 μg/ml compared with those with total adiponectin level ≥ 8.9 μg/ml. The accelerated failure-time model showed that the optimal cut-off value of total adiponectin for managing the risk of developing MetS was 6.2 μg/ml. In the multivariate-adjusted model, the mean time to the development of MetS was 78% shorter for total adiponectin level ≤ 6.2 μg/ml compared with > 6.2 μg/ml (TR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08–0.64, P = 0.005). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the cut-off value for managing the risk of developing MetS is 6.2 μg/ml in male Japanese workers. Subjects with total adiponectin level ≤ 6.2 μg/ml developed MetS more rapidly than did those with total adiponectin level > 6.2 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hata
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Koji Yonemoto
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shikama
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nanako Aki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chisato Kosugi
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ayako Tamura
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Ichihara
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Minagawa
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuwamura
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyoshi
- Clinical laboratory, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakao
- Clinical laboratory, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Funaki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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Punkt K, Kandt K, Oberbach A, Adams V, Buchwalow I, Bluher M. Nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle fibers of patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:389-93. [PMID: 23140613 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the role of nitric oxide (NO) in common metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) however, fiber-type specific changes in NO synthase (NOS) expression in skeletal muscle of T2D patients remain to be elucidated. Here we investigated fiber-type related NOS expression in the Vastus lateralis muscle of T2D patients compared with healthy individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Cytophotometrical assay did not reveal any quantitative differences between NOS expression in muscles from NGT and T2D subjects. Positive NOS immunoreactivity in the V. lateralis of T2D patients was found to be associated with fast-oxidative glycolytic (FOG) muscle phenotype. This indicates that NOS expression in T2D patients correlates both with skeletal muscle fiber type distribution and the activity of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Punkt
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Anatomy, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Krause M, Rodrigues-Krause J, O'Hagan C, De Vito G, Boreham C, Susta D, Newsholme P, Murphy C. Differential nitric oxide levels in the blood and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects may be consequence of adiposity: a preliminary study. Metabolism 2012; 61:1528-37. [PMID: 22683098 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nitric oxide (NO·) exerts key regulatory functions including vasodilation and glucose uptake. Thus reduced NO· levels are associated with insulin resistance and hypertension. In this preliminary work we aimed to measure the levels of NO· metabolites in serum and skeletal muscle of obese and non-obese subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Fifteen sedentary male participants [7 obese controls (C) vs 5 obese and 3 non-obese T2DM; age 54±9 years] were selected according to their BMI (>30 kg/m(2) for obese and 23-27 kg/m(2) for non-obese participants) and evaluated for fasted values of blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, serum CRP (C-reactive protein), erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) metabolism, plasma adiponectin, leptin and cytokines (TNF-α and INFγ), serum and skeletal muscle nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite and nitrates; tNOx) and skeletal muscle nNOS and iNOS expression. Body composition was measured by whole body DEXA and muscle microbiopsy was performed in the vastus lateralis. RESULTS We found that serum tNOx (total nitrite/nitrate; μmol/L) was lower in obese T2DM group (12.7±3.5) when compared with their controls (21.1±2.4), although the non-obese group presented higher concentration of tNOx (33.8±7.2). Skeletal muscle nNOS was higher in obese controls, lower in non-obese T2DM and undetected in obese T2DM. On the other hand, expression of iNOS had an inverse relationship with nNOS, showing higher expression in obese T2DM, decrease in non-obese T2DM and absence in obese control group. tNOx levels (μmol/mg protein) were decreased in the non-obese T2DM group (12.07±0.59) when compared with the obese control (21.68±6.2) and the obese T2DM group (26.3±7.26). CONCLUSION We conclude that the decreased serum NO∙ production in obese T2DM patients seems to be associated with adipose mass as lower adiposity was associated with normal NO∙ which was reduced in the skeletal muscle of the non-obese T2DM patients. We suggest that the lower adiposity (and higher adiponectin) in non-obese T2DM could be responsible for differential levels of NO∙ production and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Krause
- Biomedical Research Group, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght Dublin, Ireland.
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Katsiki N, Yovos JG, Gotzamani-Psarrakou A, Karamitsos DT. Adipokines and vascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Angiology 2012; 62:601-4. [PMID: 21990548 DOI: 10.1177/0003319711409201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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