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Lockard B, Mardock M, Oliver JM, Byrd M, Simbo S, Jagim AR, Kresta J, Baetge CC, Jung YP, Koozehchian MS, Khanna D, Rasmussen C, Kreider RB. Comparison of Two Diet and Exercise Approaches on Weight Loss and Health Outcomes in Obese Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4877. [PMID: 35457744 PMCID: PMC9032860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the efficacy of two popular weight loss approaches on weight loss, body composition, and markers of health in sedentary obese women. METHODS In total, 51 sedentary women (age 34.5 ± 7.7 yrs.; weight 90.0 ± 14.5 kg; BMI 34.0 ± 5.1 kg/m2; 46.5 ± 7.0% fat) were matched and randomized to participate in the Weight Watchers® Momentum™ (WW) or Curves® (CV) Fitness and Weight Management program for 16 weeks. Participants in the WW group (n = 27) were provided a point-based diet program, received weekly progress checks and counseling, and were encouraged to exercise. Participants in the CV group (n = 24) followed a menu-based higher protein/low-fat diet (1200 kcal/d) for 1 week; 1500 kcal/d diet for 3 weeks; and 2000-2500 kcals/d for 2 weeks that was repeated three times (except the last segment) while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance training program (3 d/wk). A general linear model (GLM) with repeated measures was used to analyze data and are presented as mean changes from baseline (mean [UL, LL]). RESULTS Supervised CV training resulted in greater amounts of vigorous and total physical activity. After 16 weeks, both groups lost weight (WW -6.1 [-7.8, -4.6], CV -4.9 [-6.2, -3.2] kg, p = 0.264). Participants in the CV group observed greater reductions in fat mass (WW -2.9 [-6.7, -0.2], CV -6.4 [-9.2, -3.6] kg, p = 0.081) and increases in lean mass (WW -2.5 [-4.3, -0.7], CV 1.3 [-0.6, 3.2] kg, p = 0.005) resulting in more favorable changes in percent body fat (WW -1.4 [-4.1, 1.2], CV -4.7 [-7.5, -1.8]%, p = 0.098). Both groups observed improvements in peak aerobic capacity and muscular endurance, although bench press lifting volume was greater in the CV group. Those in the CV group experienced a greater increase in HDLc and reduction in the CHL-HDLc ratio and triglycerides. CONCLUSION Both interventions promoted weight loss and improvements in fitness and markers of health. The CV program, which included supervised resistance training and higher protein diet menus, promoted greater fat loss, increases in lean mass, and improvements in percent body fat and blood lipids. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT04372771, registered retrospectively 1 May 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Lockard
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA;
| | - Michelle Mardock
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Jonathan M. Oliver
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Mike Byrd
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
- Byrd’s Eye Enterprises, Inc., Forney, TX 75126, USA
| | - Sunday Simbo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Andrew R. Jagim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA;
| | - Julie Kresta
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University Central-Texas, Killeen, TX 76549, USA;
| | - Claire C. Baetge
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | | | - Majid S. Koozehchian
- Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL 36265, USA;
| | - Deepesh Khanna
- Department of Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL 33759, USA;
| | - Chris Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
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REIS VMCP, FREIRE RS, BRITO MFSF, PINHO LD, ROCHA JSB, SILVEIRA MF. Interrelationships between obesity, blood pressure and metabolic profile in climacteric women. REV NUTR 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202134e200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the interrelationships between obesity, blood pressure and metabolic profile in climacteric women. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 874 women, aged 40 to 65 years, assisted in Family Health Strategies units in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A structural equation model was used to assess the interrelationships between obesity, blood pressure and metabolic profile, adjusted for age. The variables blood pressure, obesity and metabolic profile were treated as constructs, which measurement models were developed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results It was observed that age has a positive and significant effect on blood pressure (β=0.20; p<0.001) and obesity (β=0.10; p=0.004). There was a direct and positive effect of obesity on blood pressure (β=0.26; p<0.001) and on the metabolic profile (β=0.10; p=0.037), adjusted for physical activity. Conclusions The simultaneous analysis of the relationships between age, obesity, blood pressure and metabolic profile in menopausal women suggests that, ageing has an effect on the increase of obesity and blood pressure, just as obesity increases blood pressure and changes the metabolic profile.
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Sowinski RJ, Grubic TJ, Dalton RL, Schlaffer J, Reyes-Elrod AG, Jenkins VM, Williamson S, Rasmussen C, Murano PS, Earnest CP, Kreider RB. An Examination of a Novel Weight Loss Supplement on Anthropometry and Indices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:478-506. [PMID: 32691639 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1786207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether adding Dichrostachys glomerata (DG; 300 mg/d) to thermogenic supplements with (DG + C) and without (DG) caffeine and other nutrients affects weight loss, changes in body composition, and/or markers of health. METHODS Sixty-eight participants (female, 54%) were grouped in a double-blind, parallel, stratified random, placebo-controlled manner to supplement their diet with a placebo, DG, or DG + C for 12 weeks while maintaining their normal diet and physical activity. Diet, physical activity, body weight, body composition, anthropometric measures, resting energy expenditure, fasting blood samples, and questionnaires were obtained at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks and analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures. Data are reported as mean (±SD) and change from baseline (mean, 95% confidence interval) for weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively, with p values showing changes from baseline. RESULTS DG treatment promoted significant but minor reductions in fat mass (-0.56 [-1.02, -0.14], p = 0.01; -0.63 [-1.23, -0.02], p = 0.04; -0.71 [-1.47, 0.09] kg, p = 0.08) and percent body fat (-0.46 [-0.96, -0.04], p = 0.07; -0.63 [-1.16, -0.10], p = 0.02; -0.78 [-1.45, 0.07] %, p = 0.03). There was some evidence that DG + C increased resting energy expenditure, decreased hunger, increased satiety, and improved sleep quality (diminished in DG + C). No other significant effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of thermogenic supplements containing DG (300 mg/d) with and without caffeine and other nutrients in overweight but otherwise healthy participants who did not alter diet or physical activity promoted clinically insignificant changes in body weight and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Sowinski
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tyler J Grubic
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ryan L Dalton
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Schlaffer
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Aimee G Reyes-Elrod
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Victoria M Jenkins
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susannah Williamson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peter S Murano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Wang HH, Lee DK, Liu M, Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2020; 23:189-230. [PMID: 32483543 PMCID: PMC7231748 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome, by definition, is not a disease but is a clustering of individual metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These risk factors could dramatically increase the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The reported prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies, greatly depending on the definition used, gender, age, socioeconomic status, and the ethnic background of study cohorts. Clinical and epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that the metabolic syndrome starts with central obesity. Because the prevalence of obesity has doubly increased worldwide over the past 30 years, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has markedly boosted in parallel. Therefore, obesity has been recognized as the leading cause for the metabolic syndrome since it is strongly associated with all metabolic risk factors. High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is not unique to the USA and Europe and it is also increasing in most Asian countries. Insulin resistance has elucidated most, if not all, of the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome because it contributes to hyperglycemia. Furthermore, a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance is an overabundance of circulating fatty acids. Plasma fatty acids are derived mainly from the triglycerides stored in adipose tissues, which are released through the action of the cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme, hormone sensitive lipase. This review summarizes the latest concepts in the definition, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as well as its preventive measures and therapeutic strategies in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Vargas-Molina S, Petro JL, Romance R, Kreider RB, Schoenfeld BJ, Bonilla DA, Benítez-Porres J. Effects of a ketogenic diet on body composition and strength in trained women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:19. [PMID: 32276630 PMCID: PMC7146906 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of ketogenic diets (KD) on body composition in different populations has been investigated. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. However, there is less evidence related to trained women. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a KD on body composition and strength in trained women following an eight-week resistance training (RT) program. Methods Twenty-one strength-trained women (27.6 ± 4.0 years; 162.1 ± 6.6 cm; 62.3 ± 7.8 kg; 23.7 ± 2.9 kg·m− 2) were randomly assigned to either a non-KD group (n = 11, NKD) or a KD group (n = 10, KD). Study outcomes included body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), strength levels measured using one maximum repetition (RM) in back squat and bench press (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) measured on a force plate. Results A significant reduction in fat mass was observed in KD (− 1.1 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.042; d = − 0.2) but not in NDK (0.3 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.225; d = 0.1). No significant changes in fat-free mass were observed in KD (− 0.7 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.202; d = − 0.1) or NKD (0.7 ± 1.1 kg; P = 0.074; d = 0.2), but absolute changes favored NKD. No significant changes in BP were observed in KD (1.5 ± 4.6 kg; P = 0.329; d = 0.2), although significant changes were noted in the squat and CMJ (5.6 ± 7.6 kg; P = 0.045; d = 0.5 and 2.2 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.022; d = 0.6, respectively). In contrast, NKD showed significant increases in BP (4.8 ± 1.8; P < 0.01; d = 0.7), squat (15.6 ± 5.4 kg; P = 0.005; d = 1.4) and CMJ (22.0 + 4.2 cm; P = 0.001; d = 0.5). Conclusions Findings indicate that a KD may help to decrease fat mass and maintain fat-free mass after eight 8 weeks of RT in trained-women but is suboptimal for increasing fat-free mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.,EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Research Division, DBSS INTERNATIONAL SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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Differential Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D on Body Composition Changes in Post-Menopausal Women Following a Restricted Energy Diet and Exercise Program. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030713. [PMID: 32156010 PMCID: PMC7146554 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and calcium supplementation have been posited to improve body composition and different formulations of calcium may impact bioavailability. However, data are lacking regarding the combinatorial effects of exercise, diet, and calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation on body composition changes in post-menopausal women. Herein, 128 post-menopausal women (51.3 ± 4.5 years, 36.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 46.2 ± 4.5% fat) were assigned to diet and supplement groups while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance-training program (3 d/week) over a 14-week period. Diet groups included: (1) normal diet (CTL), (2) a low-calorie, higher protein diet (LCHP; 1600 kcal/day, 15% carbohydrates, 55% protein, 30% fat), and (3) a low-calorie, higher carbohydrate diet (LCHC; 1600 kcal/day, 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein, 30% fat). Supplement groups consisted of: (1) maltodextrin (PLA), (2) 800 mg/day of calcium carbonate (Ca), and (3) 800 mg/day of calcium citrate and malate and 400 IU/day of vitamin D (Ca+D). Fasting blood samples, body composition, resting energy expenditure, aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance measures were assessed. Data were analyzed by mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures and presented as mean change from baseline [95% CI]. Exercise training promoted significant improvements in strength, peak aerobic capacity, and blood lipids. Dieting resulted in greater losses of body mass (CTL -0.4 ± 2.4; LCHC -5.1 ± 4.2; LCHP -3.8 ± 4.2 kg) and fat mass (CTL -1.4 ± 1.8; LCHC -3.7 ± 3.7; LCHP -3.4 ± 3.4 kg). When compared to LCHC-PLA, the LCHC + Ca combination led to greater losses in body mass (PLA -4.1 [-6.1, -2.1], Ca -6.4 [-8.1, -4.7], Ca+D -4.4 [-6.4, -2.5] kg). In comparison to LCHC-Ca, the LCHC-Ca+D led to an improved maintenance of fat-free mass (PLA -0.3 [-1.4, 0.7], Ca -1.4 [-2.3, -0.5], Ca+D 0.4 [-0.6, 1.5] kg) and a greater loss of body fat (PLA -2.3 [-3.4, -1.1], Ca -1.3 [-2.3, -0.3], Ca+D -3.6 [-4.8, -2.5]%). Alternatively, no significant differences in weight loss or body composition resulted when adding Ca or Ca+D to the LCHP regimen in comparison to when PLA was added to the LCHP diet. When combined with an energy-restricted, higher carbohydrate diet, adding 800 mg of Ca carbonate stimulated greater body mass loss compared to when a PLA was added. Alternatively, adding Ca+D to the LCHC diet promoted greater% fat changes and attenuation of fat-free mass loss. Our results expand upon current literature regarding the impact of calcium supplementation with dieting and regular exercise. This data highlights that different forms of calcium in combination with an energy restricted, higher carbohydrate diet may trigger changes in body mass or body composition while no impact of calcium supplementation was observed when participants followed an energy restricted, higher protein diet.
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Coletta AM, Sanchez B, O'Connor A, Dalton R, Springer S, Koozehchian MS, Murano PS, Woodman CR, Rasmussen C, Kreider RB. Alignment of diet prescription to genotype does not promote greater weight loss success in women with obesity participating in an exercise and weight loss program. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:554-574. [PMID: 30574349 PMCID: PMC6298313 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetics contribute to variability in individual response to weight-loss interventions. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a commercially available exercise and weight-loss program and whether alignment of diet to genotype related to lipid metabolism promotes greater success. DESIGN Sedentary women with obesity (n = 63) had genotype (FABP2rs1799883, PPARG2rs1801282, ADRB3rs4994C3, ADRB2rs1042713, rs1042714) determined using a direct-to-consumer genetic screening kit purported to promote greater weight-loss success through dietary recommendations based on these genes. Participants were randomly assigned to follow a moderate carbohydrate (MC) or lower carbohydrate (LC) hypo-energetic diet that aligned (A) or did not align (NA) with genotype for 24 weeks while participating in a resistance training and walking program. Data were analysed by general linear model repeated measures adjusted for baseline variables and are presented as mean (95% confidence interval) changes from baseline. RESULTS Participants in the LC group experienced greater improvements (p = 0.051, ηp 2 = 0.025) in per cent changes in body composition (weight: MC -3.32 [-1.4, -5.2], LC -5.82 [-4.1, -7.6]; fat mass: MC -7.25 [-3.2, -11.2], LC -10.93 [-7.3, -14.5]; fat-free mass: MC -0.32 [1.4, -2.0], LC -1.48 [0.7, -3.0]; and body fat percentage: MC -4.19 [-1.6, -6.8], LC -5.60 [-3.3, -7.9] %). No significant differences were observed between genotype groups (weight: A -5.00 [-3.3, -6.7], NA -4.14 [-2.2, -6.1]; fat mass: A -10.15 [-7.0, -13.6], NA -8.02 [-4.0, -12.0]; fat-free mass: A -1.23 [0.3, -2.8], NA -0.56 [1.12, -2.3]; and body fat: A -5.28 [-3.0, -7.6], NA -4.51 [-1.9, -7.1] %). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to this exercise and weight-loss program promoted improvements in body composition and health outcomes. While individuals following the LC diet experienced greater benefits, alignment of these diets to this genetic profile did not promote greater health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Coletta
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences ProgramHuntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and RecreationThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - B. Sanchez
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - A. O'Connor
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - R. Dalton
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - S. Springer
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - M. S. Koozehchian
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - P. S. Murano
- Institute for Obesity Research and Program Evaluation, Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - C. R. Woodman
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - C. Rasmussen
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - R. B. Kreider
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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Effects of Adherence to a Higher Protein Diet on Weight Loss, Markers of Health, and Functional Capacity in Older Women Participating in a Resistance-Based Exercise Program. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081070. [PMID: 30103509 PMCID: PMC6115985 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training and maintenance of a higher protein diet have been recommended to help older individuals maintain muscle mass. This study examined whether adherence to a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition, markers of health, and/or functional capacity in older females in comparison to following a traditional higher carbohydrate diet or exercise training alone with no diet intervention. In total, 54 overweight and obese females (65.9 ± 4.7 years; 78.7 ± 11 kg, 30.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 43.5 ± 3.6% fat) were randomly assigned to an exercise-only group (E), an exercise plus hypo-energetic higher carbohydrate (HC) diet, or a higher protein diet (HP) diet. Participants followed their respective diet plans and performed a supervised 30-min circuit-style resistance exercise program 3 d/wk. Participants were tested at 0, 10, and 14 weeks. Data were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear model (GLM) statistics as well as one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of changes from baseline with [95% confidence intervals]. Results revealed that after 14 weeks, participants in the HP group experienced significantly greater reductions in weight (E −1.3 ± 2.3, [−2.4, −0.2]; HC −3.0 ± 3.1 [−4.5, −1.5]; HP −4.8 ± 3.2, [−6.4, −3.1]%, p = 0.003), fat mass (E −2.7 ± 3.8, [−4.6, −0.9]; HC −5.9 ± 4.2 [−8.0, −3.9]; HP −10.2 ± 5.8 [−13.2, –7.2%], p < 0.001), and body fat percentage (E −2.0 ± 3.5 [−3.7, −0.3]; HC −4.3 ± 3.2 [−5.9, −2.8]; HP −6.3 ± 3.5 [−8.1, −4.5] %, p = 0.002) with no significant reductions in fat-free mass or resting energy expenditure over time or among groups. Significant differences were observed in leptin (E −1.8 ± 34 [−18, 14]; HC 43.8 ± 55 [CI 16, 71]; HP −26.5 ± 70 [−63, −9.6] ng/mL, p = 0.001) and adiponectin (E 43.1 ± 76.2 [6.3, 79.8]; HC −27.9 ± 33.4 [−44.5, −11.3]; HP 52.3 ± 79 [11.9, 92.8] µg/mL, p = 0.001). All groups experienced significant improvements in muscular strength, muscular endurance, aerobic capacity, markers of balance and functional capacity, and several markers of health. These findings indicate that a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition compared to a higher carbohydrate diet in older females.
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Baetge C, Earnest CP, Lockard B, Coletta AM, Galvan E, Rasmussen C, Levers K, Simbo SY, Jung YP, Koozehchian M, Oliver J, Dalton R, Sanchez B, Byrd MJ, Khanna D, Jagim A, Kresta J, Greenwood M, Kreider RB. Efficacy of a randomized trial examining commercial weight loss programs and exercise on metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:216-227. [PMID: 28044449 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While commercial dietary weight-loss programs typically advise exercise, few provide actual programing. The goal of this study was to compare the Curves Complete 90-day Challenge (CC, n = 29), which incorporates exercising and diet, to programs advocating exercise (Weight Watchers Points Plus (WW, n = 29), Jenny Craig At Home (JC, n = 27), and Nutrisystem Advance Select (NS, n = 28)) or control (n = 20) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and weight loss. We randomized 133 sedentary, overweight women (age, 47 ± 11 years; body mass, 86 ± 14 kg; body mass index, 35 ± 6 kg/m2) into respective treatment groups for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using chi square and general linear models adjusted for age and respective baseline measures. Data are means ± SD or mean change ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We observed a significant trend for a reduction in energy intake for all treatment groups and significant weight loss for all groups except control: CC (-4.32 kg; 95% CI, -5.75, -2.88), WW (-4.31 kg; 95% CI, -5.82, -2.96), JC (-5.34 kg; 95% CI, -6.86, -3.90), NS (-5.03 kg; 95% CI, -6.49, -3.56), and control (0.16 kg, 95% CI, -1.56, 1.89). Reduced MetS prevalence was observed at follow-up for CC (35% vs. 14%, adjusted standardized residuals (adjres.) = 3.1), but not WW (31% vs. 28% adjres. = 0.5), JC (37% vs. 42%, adjres. = -0.7), NS (39% vs. 50% adjres. = -1.5), or control (45% vs. 55% adjres. = -1.7). While all groups improved relative fitness (mL·kg-1·min-1) because of weight loss, only the CC group improved absolute fitness (L/min). In conclusion, commercial programs offering concurrent diet and exercise programming appear to offer greater improvements in MetS prevalence and cardiovascular function after 12 weeks of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Baetge
- a Health & Kinesiology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brittanie Lockard
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Adriana M Coletta
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Elfego Galvan
- c Department of Rehabilitation Services, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kyle Levers
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sunday Y Simbo
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Peter Jung
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Majid Koozehchian
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Oliver
- d Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Dalton
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brittany Sanchez
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Byrd
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Deepesh Khanna
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Jagim
- e Exercise and Sports Science, Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Julie Kresta
- f Department of Physical Therapy, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - Mike Greenwood
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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