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Ahluwalia N, Raghavan R, Zhang G, Talegawkar SA, Jacques PF. Vitamin D status and prevalence of metabolic syndrome by race and Hispanic origin in US adults: findings from the 2007-2014 NHANES. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1400-1408. [PMID: 36036472 PMCID: PMC10474946 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status has been found to be inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in some studies. Vitamin D status varies by race and ethnicity, and the association of MetS with vitamin D status in US adults and by race and Hispanic origin has not been evaluated extensively. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations between vitamin D status and MetS overall, and across race and Hispanic origin groups, in a nationally representative sample of US adults who participated in the NHANES from 2007 to 2014. METHODS The total sample included 8639 adults, ≥20 y of age. Serum vitamin D was measured using a standardized LC-tandem MS method and was categorized using data-driven tertiles. MetS was defined using measured waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted [accounting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, dietary supplement use, and BMI (in kg/m2)] to examine the associations of serum vitamin D with MetS among adults overall, and by race and Hispanic origin. RESULTS Serum vitamin D in the lowest tertile (≤56 nmol/L) was significantly associated with increased odds of MetS compared with the highest tertile (>77.9 nmol/L) (fully adjusted model OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.27). Inverse associations were noted for all race-Hispanic origin groups: non-Hispanic white (NHW) (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.67, 3.01), non-Hispanic black (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.29), and Hispanic (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.14) adults. CONCLUSIONS Lower vitamin D status was significantly associated with MetS among US adults after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, dietary supplement use, and BMI. This finding was noted across all race and Hispanic origin groups, although the strength of the association varied, being strongest for NHW adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namanjeet Ahluwalia
- Division of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Division of Research and Methodology, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Sameera A Talegawkar
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Insulin Resistance Is Inversely Associated with the Status of Vitamin D in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Populations. Nutrients 2021; 13:1742. [PMID: 34063822 PMCID: PMC8224049 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We designed this study to provide evidence that insulin resistance is dependent on the concentration of vitamin D in the body. Forty observational studies of both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Related articles were searched from Embase, PubMed, and Medline through January 2021. Filters for search were used to obtain more focused results. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 for the construction of forest plots. RevMan software version 5.3 was used to build the risk of bias tables and summary plots. The observational studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis showed an inverse relationship of insulin resistance with the status of vitamin D both in non-diabetic (r = -0.188; 95% CI = -0.141 to -0.234; p = 0.000) and diabetic (r = -0.255; 95% CI = -0.392 to -0.107, p = 0.001) populations. From the meta-analysis we concluded that hypovitaminosis D is related to increased levels of insulin resistance in both type 2 diabetes patients and the healthy population all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Rafiq
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
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Yang K, Liu J, Fu S, Tang X, Ma L, Sun W, Niu Y, Jing G, Niu Q. Vitamin D Status and Correlation with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Gansu Province, China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1555-1563. [PMID: 32440184 PMCID: PMC7216298 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s249049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and blood glucose and lipid levels in people over 18 years of age in Gansu, China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 1928 volunteers (958 males and 970 females) were selected. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the vitamin D deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) and the non-vitamin D deficiency group (≥20 ng/mL) were compared. The correlations between serum 25(OH)D and blood glucose and lipid were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1681 patients had 25(OH)D deficiency, with an overall prevalence of 87.2% (82.9% in males and 91.4% in females). The levels of 25(OH)D in the diabetic group and the IGT/IFG group were significantly lower than that in the normal group. The level of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the dyslipidemia group than that in the normal group, and was significantly lower in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol/L group than that in the FPG <5.6 mmol/L group (p=0.002). The 25(OH)D level in the serum triglyceride (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/L group was significantly lower than that of the TG <1.7 mmol/L group (p=0.0274). The age, heart rate, TG, TC, FPG and H2PG levels in the vitamin D deficiency group were significantly higher than those in the non-vitamin D deficiency group (p<0.05). The prevalence of FPG ≥5.6 mmol/L in the vitamin D deficiency group was higher than that in the non-vitamin D deficiency group (23.5% vs 16.6%, p=0.016). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum 25(OH)D levels were independently correlated with gender, age, FPG, TG and heart rate (β=-0.218, -0.129, -0.075, β=-0.103, -0.058, all p<0.05). CONCLUSION The incidences of dyslipidemia and dysglycemia were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group. The vitamin D level was independently and negatively correlated with FPG and TC, but not with waist circumference, BMI and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jingfang Liu Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaTel +86-931-8356242 Email
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaojing Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianglong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu730000, People’s Republic of China
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Aquino SLS, da Cunha ATO, Pereira HT, Freitas EPS, Fayh APT, Lima JG, Lima SCVC, Sena-Evangelista KCM, Pedrosa LFC. Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:45. [PMID: 29928318 PMCID: PMC5987652 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of metabolic syndrome can be influenced by inadequate vitamin D levels, and exposure to sunlight is the main external source of vitamin D. The present study assessed the influence of environmental, biological, and nutritional factors in relation to seasonal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration in individuals with metabolic syndrome. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 180 individuals with metabolic syndrome aged between 18 and 80 years. The 25OHD concentration was considered the dependent variable; independent variables included age, sex, skin color, use of sunscreen, skin type, sun exposure score, ultraviolet radiation index, geographic location, season, body mass index, waist:hip ratio, waist circumference, parathyroid hormone level, total serum calcium level, and calcium and vitamin D intake. RESULTS The average vitamin D in individuals evaluated in summer 32 ± 10 ng/mL was greater than in the winter 26 ± 8 ng/mL (p < 0.017). HDL-cholesterol was the only component of the MetS that differed significantly between the seasons (p < 0.001), showing higher concentrations in autumn 45 ± 8 mg/dL than in summer 35 ± 8 mg/dL. In the multiple regression model, gender, WHR, sun exposure score, and winter vs. summer explained 10% of the variation in 25OHD concentration (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Sex, waist:hip ratio, sun exposure, and summer season were predictors of 25OHD status among individuals with metabolic syndrome. HDL-cholesterol was the only component of metabolic syndrome that differed significantly between the seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séphora Louyse Silva Aquino
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Aline Tuane Oliveira da Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Hermilla Torres Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Erika Paula Silva Freitas
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59010-180 Brazil
| | - Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Karine Cavalcanti Maurício Sena-Evangelista
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Lucia Fátima Campos Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
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Archontogeorgis K, Nena E, Papanas N, Rizzo M, Voulgaris A, Xanthoudaki M, Kouratzi M, Ragia G, Manolopoulos V, Zissimopoulos A, Froudarakis M, Steiropoulos P. Metabolic Syndrome and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:190-196. [PMID: 29608396 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have indicated that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes. Moreover, OSAS has been associated with lowered vitamin D (Vit D) levels, but reports are inconclusive. Aim of the study was to compare Vit D levels according to the presence of MetS and its components in OSAS patients. METHODS The presence of MetS was evaluated and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in consecutive newly diagnosed, by polysomnography, subjects with OSAS. RESULTS A total of 107 subjects (88 men) with OSAS were included in the study. Patients were divided into group A (OSAS with MetS group: 55 subjects) and group B (OSAS without MetS: 52 subjects). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, and sleep parameters. Patients in group A exhibited higher levels of daytime sleepiness, as expressed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (12 ± 5.5 vs. 9.3 ± 4.8 for groups A vs. B, p = 0.008). Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly decreased in group A, as compared with group B (18 ± 8.6 ng/mL vs. 23.9 ± 14.1 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.012). Group A was then subdivided in two smaller groups, according to patients' metabolic index: OSAS patients with metabolic score = 3 and OSAS patients with metabolic score >3. Serum 25(OH)D levels were higher in OSAS patients with metabolic score = 3 compared with OSAS patients with metabolic score >3 (19.8 ± 8.9 ng/mL vs. 15.1 ± 7.3 ng/mL respectively, p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS OSAS patients with concurrent MetS exhibit lower serum Vit D levels, as compared with those without MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Archontogeorgis
- 1 MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nena
- 2 Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- 3 Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo , Italy
| | - Athanasios Voulgaris
- 1 MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece .,5 Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Xanthoudaki
- 5 Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Kouratzi
- 5 Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Ragia
- 6 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis Manolopoulos
- 6 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanasios Zissimopoulos
- 7 Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Marios Froudarakis
- 5 Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- 1 MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece .,5 Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Correlates and family aggregation of vitamin D concentrations in school-aged children and their parents in nine Mesoamerican countries. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2754-2765. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo determine the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, diet and outdoor activity as an indicator of sun exposure with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in children and their parents from Mesoamerica. We also quantified family aggregation of serum 25(OH)D.DesignCross-sectional study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were quantified using immunoassay. We compared the distribution of 25(OH)D concentrations in adults and children by levels of each correlate with the use of linear regression. Family aggregation was estimated using Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients.SettingCapital cities of Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Belize, and Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Mexico.SubjectsChildren (n223) aged 7–12 years and 492 parents.ResultsMean (sd) 25(OH)D concentrations in adults and children were 81·3 (21·1) and 79·5 (18·1) nmol/l, respectively. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD; 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) was 3·9 % among adults and 3·6 % among children. In adults, adjusted mean 25(OH)D concentrations were highest in Nicaragua (P<0·0001). Serum 25(OH)D was positively related to time spent gardening (P=0·03). Among children, 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with male sex (P=0·005), dairy intake (P=0·03) and mother’s serum 25(OH)D concentrations (P<0·0001); and inversely associated with mother’s BMI (P=0·02) and number of home assets (P=0·04). Family membership explained 31 % of the variability in 25(OH)D concentrations; aggregation was highest between mothers and children.ConclusionsVDD prevalence was low in this study. Sociodemographic characteristics, diet and outdoor activity predict serum 25(OH)D. Family aggregation of serum 25(OH)D is high between mothers and children.
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