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Chmelova M, Androvic P, Kirdajova D, Tureckova J, Kriska J, Valihrach L, Anderova M, Vargova L. A view of the genetic and proteomic profile of extracellular matrix molecules in aging and stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1296455. [PMID: 38107409 PMCID: PMC10723838 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1296455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major processes in the pathology of brain damage following an ischemic stroke. However, our understanding of how age-related ECM alterations may affect stroke pathophysiology and its outcome is still very limited. Methods We conducted an ECM-targeted re-analysis of our previously obtained RNA-Seq dataset of aging, ischemic stroke and their interactions in young adult (3-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) mice. The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) in rodents was used as a model of ischemic stroke. Altogether 56 genes of interest were chosen for this study. Results We identified an increased activation of the genes encoding proteins related to ECM degradation, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), proteases of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with the thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family and molecules that regulate their activity, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Moreover, significant upregulation was also detected in the mRNA of other ECM molecules, such as proteoglycans, syndecans and link proteins. Notably, we identified 8 genes where this upregulation was enhanced in aged mice in comparison with the young ones. Ischemia evoked a significant downregulation in only 6 of our genes of interest, including those encoding proteins associated with the protective function of ECM molecules (e.g., brevican, Hapln4, Sparcl1); downregulation in brevican was more prominent in aged mice. The study was expanded by proteome analysis, where we observed an ischemia-induced overexpression in three proteins, which are associated with neuroinflammation (fibronectin and vitronectin) and neurodegeneration (link protein Hapln2). In fibronectin and Hapln2, this overexpression was more pronounced in aged post-ischemic animals. Conclusion Based on these results, we can conclude that the ratio between the protecting and degrading mechanisms in the aged brain is shifted toward degradation and contributes to the aged tissues' increased sensitivity to ischemic insults. Altogether, our data provide fresh perspectives on the processes underlying ischemic injury in the aging brain and serve as a freely accessible resource for upcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chmelova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Androvic
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences – BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Denisa Kirdajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Tureckova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences – BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Mohammed Butt A, Rupareliya V, Hariharan A, Kumar H. Building a pathway to recovery: Targeting ECM remodeling in CNS injuries. Brain Res 2023; 1819:148533. [PMID: 37586675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of proteoglycans, proteins, and other macromolecules that surrounds cells in tissues. The ECM provides structural support to cells and plays a critical role in regulating various cellular functions. ECM remodeling is a dynamic process involving the breakdown and reconstruction of the ECM. This process occurs naturally during tissue growth, wound healing, and tissue repair. However, in the context of central nervous system (CNS) injuries, dysregulated ECM remodeling can lead to the formation of fibrotic and glial scars. CNS injuries encompass various traumatic events, including concussions and fractures. Following CNS trauma, the formation of glial and fibrotic scars becomes prominent. Glial scars primarily consist of reactive astrocytes, while fibrotic scars are characterized by an abundance of ECM proteins. ECM remodeling plays a pivotal and tightly regulated role in the development of these scars after spinal cord and brain injuries. Various factors like ECM components, ECM remodeling enzymes, cell surface receptors of ECM molecules, and downstream pathways of ECM molecules are responsible for the remodeling of the ECM. The aim of this review article is to explore the changes in ECM during normal physiological conditions and following CNS injuries. Additionally, we discuss various approaches that target various factors responsible for ECM remodeling, with a focus on promoting axon regeneration and functional recovery after CNS injuries. By targeting ECM remodeling, it may be possible to enhance axonal regeneration and facilitate functional recovery after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Mohammed Butt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vimal Rupareliya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - A Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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3
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Kolb J, Tsata V, John N, Kim K, Möckel C, Rosso G, Kurbel V, Parmar A, Sharma G, Karandasheva K, Abuhattum S, Lyraki O, Beck T, Müller P, Schlüßler R, Frischknecht R, Wehner A, Krombholz N, Steigenberger B, Beis D, Takeoka A, Blümcke I, Möllmert S, Singh K, Guck J, Kobow K, Wehner D. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans inhibit CNS regeneration by modifying the structural and mechanical properties of the lesion environment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6814. [PMID: 37884489 PMCID: PMC10603094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after central nervous system (CNS) injury leads to inhibitory scarring in humans and other mammals, whereas it facilitates axon regeneration in the zebrafish. However, the molecular basis of these different fates is not understood. Here, we identify small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) as a contributing factor to regeneration failure in mammals. We demonstrate that the SLRPs chondroadherin, fibromodulin, lumican, and prolargin are enriched in rodent and human but not zebrafish CNS lesions. Targeting SLRPs to the zebrafish injury ECM inhibits axon regeneration and functional recovery. Mechanistically, we find that SLRPs confer mechano-structural properties to the lesion environment that are adverse to axon growth. Our study reveals SLRPs as inhibitory ECM factors that impair axon regeneration by modifying tissue mechanics and structure, and identifies their enrichment as a feature of human brain and spinal cord lesions. These findings imply that SLRPs may be targets for therapeutic strategies to promote CNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kolb
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Tsata
- Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora John
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Conrad Möckel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veronika Kurbel
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asha Parmar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gargi Sharma
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Karandasheva
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Lyraki
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timon Beck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wehner
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicole Krombholz
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aya Takeoka
- VIB-Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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Yang S, Bao J, Shi R, Liu L, Wang Y, Hong X, Wu X. Bioinformatics-based diagnosis and evaluation of several pivotal genes and pathways associated with immune infiltration at different time points in spinal cord injury. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36841940 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2178970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological event. To assess the degree of spinal cord damage and classify the injury, it is recommended to use the 2019 version of the AIS standard. The severity of trauma was evaluated using the Trauma Severity Score, and various classification systems have been proposed for injuries at different parts and segments of the spine. Understanding the regulated signaling pathways and immune processes following SCI can lead to a better understanding of SCI-induced biomarkers and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, two gene expression datasets (GSE464 and GSE45006) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were utilized. Differential gene expression and co-expression network analysis were performed, revealing 370 shared genes in the 3-day group and 111 shared genes in the 14-day group after SCI. The study used functional enrichment analysis methods such as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The ssGSEA method was used to assess the levels and composition of immune infiltration in both the sham (control) and SCI groups. The single-cell transcriptomics dataset GSE182803 was analyzed to identify genes associated with immune marker cells. Four key genes (Ptgs2, Fn1, Ccl2, and Icam1) were identified in the 3-day group, while only one gene (Cyp51) was identified in the 14-day group after SCI. The findings offer significant insights into the immune-related genes and signaling pathways involved in secondary SCI at different time points and hold potential for the development of intervention strategies for acute and chronic post-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junping Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Cao XM, Li SL, Cao YQ, Lv YH, Wang YX, Yu B, Yao C. A comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes in rostral and caudal regions after spinal cord injury in rats. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2267-2271. [PMID: 35259848 PMCID: PMC9083160 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial mechanical damage of a spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a progressive secondary injury cascade, which is a complicated process integrating multiple systems and cells. It is crucial to explore the molecular and biological process alterations that occur after SCI for therapy development. The differences between the rostral and caudal regions around an SCI lesion have received little attention. Here, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes between rostral and caudal sites after injury to determine the biological processes in these two segments after SCI. We identified a set of differentially expressed genes, including Col3a1, Col1a1, Dcn, Fn1, Kcnk3, and Nrg1, between rostral and caudal regions at different time points following SCI. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were involved in response to mechanical stimulus, blood vessel development, and brain development. We then chose Col3a1, Col1a1, Dcn, Fn1, Kcnk3, and Nrg1 for quantitative real-time PCR and Fn1 for immunostaining validation. Our results indicate alterations in different biological events enriched in the rostral and caudal lesion areas, providing new insights into the pathology of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Qi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye-Hua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Siddiqui AM, Brunner R, Harris GM, Miller AL, Waletzki BE, Schmeichel AM, Schwarzbauer JE, Schwartz J, Yaszemski MJ, Windebank AJ, Madigan NN. Promoting Neuronal Outgrowth Using Ridged Scaffolds Coated with Extracellular Matrix Proteins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050479. [PMID: 33925613 PMCID: PMC8146557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in cell death, demyelination, and axonal loss. The spinal cord has a limited ability to regenerate, and current clinical therapies for SCI are not effective in helping promote neurologic recovery. We have developed a novel scaffold biomaterial that is fabricated from the biodegradable hydrogel oligo(poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) (OPF). We have previously shown that positively charged OPF scaffolds (OPF+) in an open spaced, multichannel design can be loaded with Schwann cells to support axonal generation and functional recovery following SCI. We have now developed a hybrid OPF+ biomaterial that increases the surface area available for cell attachment and that contains an aligned microarchitecture and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to better support axonal regeneration. OPF+ was fabricated as 0.08 mm thick sheets containing 100 μm high polymer ridges that self-assemble into a spiral shape when hydrated. Laminin, fibronectin, or collagen I coating promoted neuron attachment and axonal outgrowth on the scaffold surface. In addition, the ridges aligned axons in a longitudinal bipolar orientation. Decreasing the space between the ridges increased the number of cells and neurites aligned in the direction of the ridge. Schwann cells seeded on laminin coated OPF+ sheets aligned along the ridges over a 6-day period and could myelinate dorsal root ganglion neurons over 4 weeks. This novel scaffold design, with closer spaced ridges and Schwann cells, is a novel biomaterial construct to promote regeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad M. Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Rosa Brunner
- Program in Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Gregory M. Harris
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (G.M.H.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Alan Lee Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.L.M.II); (B.E.W.)
| | - Brian E. Waletzki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.L.M.II); (B.E.W.)
| | - Ann M. Schmeichel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Jean E. Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (G.M.H.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; (J.S.); (M.J.Y.)
| | - Michael J. Yaszemski
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; (J.S.); (M.J.Y.)
| | - Anthony J. Windebank
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Nicolas N. Madigan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Tsata V, Möllmert S, Schweitzer C, Kolb J, Möckel C, Böhm B, Rosso G, Lange C, Lesche M, Hammer J, Kesavan G, Beis D, Guck J, Brand M, Wehner D. A switch in pdgfrb + cell-derived ECM composition prevents inhibitory scarring and promotes axon regeneration in the zebrafish spinal cord. Dev Cell 2021; 56:509-524.e9. [PMID: 33412105 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, perivascular cell-derived scarring after spinal cord injury impedes axonal regrowth. In contrast, the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the spinal lesion site of zebrafish is permissive and required for axon regeneration. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this interspecies difference have not been investigated. Here, we show that an injury to the zebrafish spinal cord triggers recruitment of pdgfrb+ myoseptal and perivascular cells in a PDGFR signaling-dependent manner. Interference with pdgfrb+ cell recruitment or depletion of pdgfrb+ cells inhibits axonal regrowth and recovery of locomotor function. Transcriptional profiling and functional experiments reveal that pdgfrb+ cells upregulate expression of axon growth-promoting ECM genes (cthrc1a and col12a1a/b) and concomitantly reduce synthesis of matrix molecules that are detrimental to regeneration (lum and mfap2). Our data demonstrate that a switch in ECM composition is critical for axon regeneration after spinal cord injury and identify the cellular source and components of the growth-promoting lesion ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsata
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Developmental Biology, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kolb
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Conrad Möckel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Böhm
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Lange
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Hammer
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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8
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Yeh JZ, Wang DH, Cherng JH, Wang YW, Fan GY, Liou NH, Liu JC, Chou CH. A Collagen-Based Scaffold for Promoting Neural Plasticity in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2245. [PMID: 33003601 PMCID: PMC7600216 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, glial scarring formed by activated astrocytes is a primary problem that needs to be solved to enhance axonal regeneration. In this study, we developed and used a collagen scaffold for glial scar replacement to create an appropriate environment in an SCI rat model and determined whether neural plasticity can be manipulated using this approach. We used four experimental groups, as follows: SCI-collagen scaffold, SCI control, normal spinal cord-collagen scaffold, and normal control. The collagen scaffold showed excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased expression of neurofilament and fibronectin and reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-chondroitin sulfate in the collagen scaffold-treated SCI rats at 1 and 4 weeks post-implantation compared with that in untreated SCI control. This indicates that the collagen scaffold implantation promoted neuronal survival and axonal growth within the injured site and prevented glial scar formation by controlling astrocyte production for their normal functioning. Our study highlights the feasibility of using the collagen scaffold in SCI repair. The collagen scaffold was found to exert beneficial effects on neuronal activity and may help in manipulating synaptic plasticity, implying its great potential for clinical application in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Zong Yeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Ding-Han Wang
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Juin-Hong Cherng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
- Department of Gerontological Health Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Gang-Yi Fan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Nien-Hsien Liou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jiang-Chuan Liu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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9
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Xu L, Tang YY, Ben XL, Cheng MH, Guo WX, Liu Y, Lu ZF, Deng JL. Ginsenoside Rg1-induced activation of astrocytes promotes functional recovery via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway following spinal cord injury. Life Sci 2020; 252:117642. [PMID: 32259600 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether ginsenoside Rg1 is involved in scratch wound healing through altered expression of related molecules in astrocytes and improved functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Astrocytes were isolated from rats, followed by Rg1 treatment. The wound healing test was performed to observe the scratch wound healing in different groups. The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway were detected by western blot. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the altered expression of laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN). A revised Allen's method for the SCI model was performed, followed by Rg1 treatment. Then, functional scoring was conducted to evaluate the functional recovery. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed changes in the void area. Finally, western blot assessed the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). KEY FINDINGS Rg1 mediated scratch wound healing through inducing an increased release of LN, FN, NGF, GDNF, and bFGF in vitro. Additionally, Rg1 activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promoted the functional recovery of hindlimb movement in rats. Furthermore, Rg1 significantly reduced the void area and downregulated the expression of GFAP and CSPGs. SIGNIFICANCE Rg1 not only enhanced the scratch wound repair in vitro through the release of astroglial neurotrophic factors, adhesion factors, and inhibitory factors, but it also improved the functional recovery in vivo following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yin-Yao Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing Second People's Hospital, Yixing 214221, China
| | - Xing-Lei Ben
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Mao-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Jie-Lin Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China.
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10
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MicroRNA-183 regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress of hippocampal neurons by targeting the fibronectin 1 gene. Neurosci Lett 2020; 725:134902. [PMID: 32165261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the initiation and progression of human and animal diseases. MicroRNA (MiR) has been reported to be involved in the body's regulation to oxidative stress. We investigated if miR-183 regulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of weaned piglets. LPS-treated piglets had lower expression of miR-183 and higher expression of the fibronectin(FN)1 gene in their hippocampus than control piglets. The expression profiles of miR-183 and the FN1 gene in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons exposed to LPS were consistent with those in the hippocampus of LPS-treated piglets. The LPS-induced expression of FN1 was reversed in hippocampal neurons by transfection with an miR-183 mimic. A luciferase reporter assay further demonstrated that the FN1 gene is a direct target of miR-183. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-183 regulates LPS-induced oxidative stress at least in part by targeting FN1.
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11
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Lee TH, Hsieh ST, Chiang HY. Fibronectin inhibitor pUR4 attenuates tumor necrosis factor α-induced endothelial hyperpermeability by modulating β1 integrin activation. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:37. [PMID: 31096970 PMCID: PMC6521375 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is composed of a monolayer of endothelium linked with tight junctions and extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich basement membranes and is surrounded by astrocyte foot processes. Endothelial permeability is regulated by interaction between endothelial cells and ECM proteins. Fibronectin (FN) is a principal ECM component of microvessels. Excessive FN deposition disrupts cell-cell adhesion in fibroblasts through β1 integrin ligation. To determine whether excessive FN deposition contributes to the disruption of endothelial integrity, we used an in vitro model of the endothelial monolayer to investigate whether the FN inhibitor pUR4 prevents FN deposition into the subendothelial matrix and attenuates endothelial leakage. METHODS To correlate the effects of excessive FN accumulation in microvessels on BSCB disruption, spinal nerve ligation-which induces BSCB leakage-was applied, and FN expression in the spinal cord was evaluated through immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. To elucidate the effects by which pUR4 modulates endothelial permeability, brain-derived endothelial (bEND.3) cells treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were used to mimic a leaky BSCB. A bEND.3 monolayer was preincubated with pUR4 before TNF-α treatment. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement and transendothelial permeability assay were applied to assess the endothelial integrity of the bEND.3 monolayer. Immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of pUR4 on TNF-α-induced FN deposition. To determine the mechanisms underlying pUR4-mediated endothelial permeability, cell morphology, stress fiber formation, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and β1 integrin-mediated signaling were evaluated through immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblotting. RESULTS Excessive FN was accumulated in the microvessels of the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation; moreover, pUR4 inhibited TNF-α-induced FN deposition in the bEND.3 monolayer and maintained intact TEER and endothelial permeability. Furthermore, pUR4 reduced cell morphology alteration, actin stress fiber formation, and MLC phosphorylation, thereby attenuating paracellular gap formation. Moreover, pUR4 reduced β1 integrin activation and downstream signaling. CONCLUSIONS pUR4 reduces TNF-α-induced β1 integrin activation by depleting ECM FN, leading to a decrease in endothelial hyperpermeability and maintenance of monolayer integrity. These findings suggest therapeutic benefits of pUR4 in pathological vascular leakage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hein Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Yu Chiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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12
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Botulinum Toxin for Central Neuropathic Pain. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060224. [PMID: 29857568 PMCID: PMC6024683 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is widely used to treat muscle spasticity by acting on motor neurons. Recently, studies of the effects of BTX on sensory nerves have been reported and several studies have been conducted to evaluate its effects on peripheral and central neuropathic pain. Central neuropathic pain includes spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain, post-stroke shoulder pain, multiple sclerosis-related pain, and complex regional pain syndrome. This article reviews the mechanism of central neuropathic pain and assesses the effect of BTX on central neuropathic pain.
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13
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Haggerty AE, Maldonado-Lasunción I, Oudega M. Biomaterials for revascularization and immunomodulation after spinal cord injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:044105. [PMID: 29359704 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa9d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes immediate damage to the nervous tissue accompanied by loss of motor and sensory function. The limited self-repair competence of injured nervous tissue underscores the need for reparative interventions to recover function after SCI. The vasculature of the spinal cord plays a crucial role in SCI and repair. Ruptured and sheared blood vessels in the injury epicenter and blood vessels with a breached blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) in the surrounding tissue cause bleeding and inflammation, which contribute to the overall tissue damage. The insufficient formation of new functional vasculature in and near the injury impedes endogenous tissue repair and limits the prospect of repair approaches. Limiting the loss of blood vessels, stabilizing the BSCB, and promoting the formation of new blood vessels are therapeutic targets for spinal cord repair. Inflammation is an integral part of injury-mediated vascular damage, which has deleterious and reparative consequences. Inflammation and the formation of new blood vessels are intricately interwoven. Biomaterials can be effectively used for promoting and guiding blood vessel formation or modulating the inflammatory response after SCI, thereby governing the extent of damage and the success of reparative interventions. This review deals with the vasculature after SCI, the reciprocal interactions between inflammation and blood vessel formation, and the potential of biomaterials to support revascularization and immunomodulation in damaged spinal cord nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes E Haggerty
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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14
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a meshwork of proteins and carbohydrates that supports many biological structures and processes, from tissue development and elasticity to preserve the structures of entire organs. In each organ, the composition of the ECM is distinct. It is a remarkably active three-dimensional structure that is continuously undergoing remodeling to regulate tissue homeostasis. This review aims to explain the role of ECM proteins in the remodeling process in different types of disease. The hardening of the ECM (desmoplasia), as well as its manipulation, induction, and impairment in regulation of its composition can play a role in several diseases, examples of which are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, spinal cord injury, progression and metastasis of breast cancer, and neurodegenerative condition in the brain such as Alzheimer's disease. Remodeling is also associated with diet-induced insulin resistance in many metabolic tissues. A greater comprehension of the way in which the ECM regulates organ structure and function and of how ECM remodeling affects the development of diseases may lead to the improvement and discovery of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Salim Sonbol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21332, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Pineda-Rodriguez B, Toscano-Tejeida D, García–Vences E, Rodriguez-Barrera R, Flores-Romero A, Castellanos-Canales D, Gutierrez–Ospina G, Castillo-Carvajal L, Meléndez-Herrera E, Ibarra A. Anterior chamber associated immune deviation used as a neuroprotective strategy in rats with spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188506. [PMID: 29190648 PMCID: PMC5708781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is probably one of the main destructive events occurring after spinal cord injury (SCI). Its progression depends mostly on the autoimmune response developed against neural constituents. Therefore, modulation or inhibition of this self-reactive reaction could help to reduce tissue destruction. Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) is a phenomenon that induces immune-tolerance to antigens injected into the eye´s anterior chamber, provoking the reduction of such immune response. In the light of this notion, induction of ACAID to neural constituents could be used as a potential prophylactic therapy to promote neuroprotection. In order to evaluate this approach, three experiments were performed. In the first one, the capability to induce ACAID of the spinal cord extract (SCE) and the myelin basic protein (MBP) was evaluated. Using the delayed type hypersensibility assay (DTH) we demonstrated that both, SCE and MBP were capable of inducing ACAID. In the second experiment we evaluated the effect of SCE-induced ACAID on neurological and morphological recovery after SCI. In the results, there was a significant improvement of motor recovery, nociceptive hypersensitivity and motoneuron survival in rats with SCE-induced ACAID. Moreover, ACAID also up-regulated the expression of genes encoding for anti-inflammatory cytokines and FoxP3 but down-regulated those for pro-inflamatory cytokines. Finally, in the third experiment, the effect of a more simple and practical strategy was evaluated: MBP-induced ACAID, we also found significant neurological and morphological outcomes. In the present study we demonstrate that the induction of ACAID against neural antigens in rats, promotes neuroprotection after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pineda-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Diana Toscano-Tejeida
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Elisa García–Vences
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Roxana Rodriguez-Barrera
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Adrian Flores-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Daniela Castellanos-Canales
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Gabriel Gutierrez–Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Castillo-Carvajal
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Esperanza Meléndez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
- Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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16
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Mokalled MH, Patra C, Dickson AL, Endo T, Stainier DYR, Poss KD. Injury-induced ctgfa directs glial bridging and spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. Science 2017; 354:630-634. [PMID: 27811277 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unlike mammals, zebrafish efficiently regenerate functional nervous system tissue after major spinal cord injury. Whereas glial scarring presents a roadblock for mammalian spinal cord repair, glial cells in zebrafish form a bridge across severed spinal cord tissue and facilitate regeneration. We performed a genome-wide profiling screen for secreted factors that are up-regulated during zebrafish spinal cord regeneration. We found that connective tissue growth factor a (ctgfa) is induced in and around glial cells that participate in initial bridging events. Mutations in ctgfa disrupted spinal cord repair, and transgenic ctgfa overexpression or local delivery of human CTGF recombinant protein accelerated bridging and functional regeneration. Our study reveals that CTGF is necessary and sufficient to stimulate glial bridging and natural spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa H Mokalled
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Amy L Dickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Toyokazu Endo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Tateda S, Kanno H, Ozawa H, Sekiguchi A, Yahata K, Yamaya S, Itoi E. Rapamycin suppresses microglial activation and reduces the development of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:93-103. [PMID: 27279283 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, plays an important role in multiple cellular functions. Our previous study showed rapamycin treatment in acute phase reduced the neural tissue damage and locomotor impairment after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there has been no study to investigate the therapeutic effect of rapamycin on neuropathic pain after SCI. In this study, we examined whether rapamycin reduces neuropathic pain following SCI in mice. We used a mouse model of thoracic spinal cord contusion injury, and divided the mice into the rapamycin-treated and the vehicle-treated groups. The rapamycin-treated mice were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin (1 mg/kg) 4 h after SCI. The rapamycin treatment suppressed phosphorylated-p70S6K in the injured spinal cord that indicated inhibition of mTOR. The rapamycin treatment significantly improved not only locomotor function, but also mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the hindpaws after SCI. In an immunohistochemical analysis, Iba-1-stained microglia in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly decreased in the rapamycin-treated mice. In addition, the activity of p38 MAPK in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly attenuated by rapamycin treatment. Furthermore, phosphorylated-p38 MAPK-positive microglia was relatively decreased in the rapamycin-treated mice. These results indicated rapamycin administration in acute phase to reduce secondary neural tissue damage can contribute to the suppression of the microglial activation in the lumbar spinal cord and attenuate the development of neuropathic pain after SCI. The present study first demonstrated that rapamycin has significant therapeutic potential to reduce the development of neuropathic pain following SCI. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:93-103, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tateda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Haruo Kanno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yahata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
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18
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Barreda-Manso MA, Yanguas-Casás N, Nieto-Sampedro M, Romero-Ramírez L. Neuroprotection and Blood-Brain Barrier Restoration by Salubrinal After a Cortical Stab Injury. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1501-1510. [PMID: 27753092 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Following a central nervous system (CNS) injury, restoration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is essential for recovering homeostasis. When this process is delayed or impeded, blood substances and cells enter the CNS parenchyma, initiating an additional inflammatory process that extends the initial injury and causes so-called secondary neuronal loss. Astrocytes and profibrotic mesenchymal cells react to the injury and migrate to the lesion site, creating a new glia limitans that restores the BBB. This process is beneficial for the resolution of the inflammation, neuronal survival, and the initiation of the healing process. Salubrinal is a small molecule with neuroprotective properties in different animal models of stroke and trauma to the CNS. Here, we show that salubrinal increased neuronal survival in the neighbourhood of a cerebral cortex stab injury. Moreover, salubrinal reduced cortical blood leakage into the parenchyma of injured animals compared with injured controls. Adjacent to the site of injury, salubrinal induced immunoreactivity for platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-B), a specific mitogenic factor for mesenchymal cells. This effect might be responsible for the increased immunoreactivity for fibronectin and the decreased activation of microglia and macrophages in injured mice treated with salubrinal, compared with injured controls. The immunoreactivity for PDGF-B colocalized with neuronal nuclei (NeuN), suggesting that cortical neurons in the proximity of the injury were the main source of PDGF-B. Our results suggest that after an injury, neurons play an important role in both, the healing process and the restoration of the BBB integrity. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1501-1510, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asunción Barreda-Manso
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Neurología Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Yanguas-Casás
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto-Sampedro
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Neurología Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Romero-Ramírez
- Unidad de Neurología Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Haggerty AE, Marlow MM, Oudega M. Extracellular matrix components as therapeutics for spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2016; 652:50-55. [PMID: 27702629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is no treatment for people with spinal cord injury that leads to significant functional improvements. The extracellular matrix is an intricate, 3-dimensional, structural framework that defines the environment for cells in the central nervous system. The components of extracellular matrix have signaling and regulatory roles in the fate and function of neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of extracellular matrix components for spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes E Haggerty
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Megan M Marlow
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martin Oudega
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Kramer JLK, Minhas NK, Jutzeler CR, Erskine ELKS, Liu LJW, Ramer MS. Neuropathic pain following traumatic spinal cord injury: Models, measurement, and mechanisms. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1295-1306. [PMID: 27617844 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) is notoriously difficult to treat and is a high priority for many in the SCI population. Resolving this issue requires animal models fidelic to the clinical situation in terms of injury mechanism and pain phenotype. This Review discusses the means by which neuropathic pain has been induced and measured in experimental SCI and compares these with human outcomes, showing that there is a substantial disconnection between experimental investigations and clinical findings in a number of features. Clinical injury level is predominantly cervical, whereas injury in the laboratory is modeled mainly at the thoracic cord. Neuropathic pain is primarily spontaneous or tonic in people with SCI (with a relatively smaller incidence of allodynia), but measures of evoked responses (to thermal and mechanical stimuli) are almost exclusively used in animals. There is even the question of whether pain per se has been under investigation in most experimental SCI studies rather than simply enhanced reflex activity with no affective component. This Review also summarizes some of the problems related to clinical assessment of neuropathic pain and how advanced imaging techniques may circumvent a lack of patient/clinician objectivity and discusses possible etiologies of neuropathic pain following SCI based on evidence from both clinical studies and animal models, with examples of cellular and molecular changes drawn from the entire neuraxis from primary afferent terminals to cortical sensory and affective centers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L K Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nikita K Minhas
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine R Jutzeler
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin L K S Erskine
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa J W Liu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matt S Ramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Yahata K, Kanno H, Ozawa H, Yamaya S, Tateda S, Ito K, Shimokawa H, Itoi E. Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy for promotion of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis and improvement of locomotor and sensory functions after spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg Spine 2016; 25:745-755. [PMID: 27367940 DOI: 10.3171/2016.4.spine15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is widely used to treat various human diseases. Low-energy ESWT increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured endothelial cells. The VEGF stimulates not only endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis but also neural cells to induce neuroprotective effects. A previous study by these authors demonstrated that low-energy ESWT promoted expression of VEGF in damaged neural tissue and improved locomotor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the neuroprotective mechanisms in the injured spinal cord produced by low-energy ESWT are still unknown. In the present study, the authors investigated the cell specificity of VEGF expression in injured spinal cords and angiogenesis induced by low-energy ESWT. They also examined the neuroprotective effects of low-energy ESWT on cell death, axonal damage, and white matter sparing as well as the therapeutic effect for improvement of sensory function following SCI. METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the SCI group (SCI only) and SCI-SW group (low-energy ESWT applied after SCI). Thoracic SCI was produced using a New York University Impactor. Low-energy ESWT was applied to the injured spinal cord 3 times a week for 3 weeks after SCI. Locomotor function was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open-field locomotor score for 42 days after SCI. Mechanical and thermal allodynia in the hindpaw were evaluated for 42 days. Double staining for VEGF and various cell-type markers (NeuN, GFAP, and Olig2) was performed at Day 7; TUNEL staining was also performed at Day 7. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31, α-SMA, and 5-HT was performed on spinal cord sections taken 42 days after SCI. Luxol fast blue staining was performed at Day 42. RESULTS Low-energy ESWT significantly improved not only locomotion but also mechanical and thermal allodynia following SCI. In the double staining, expression of VEGF was observed in NeuN-, GFAP-, and Olig2-labeled cells. Low-energy ESWT significantly promoted CD31 and α-SMA expressions in the injured spinal cords. In addition, low-energy ESWT significantly reduced the TUNEL-positive cells in the injured spinal cords. Furthermore, the immunodensity of 5-HT-positive axons was significantly higher in the animals treated by low-energy ESWT. The areas of spared white matter were obviously larger in the SCI-SW group than in the SCI group, as indicated by Luxol fast blue staining. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that low-energy ESWT promotes VEGF expression in various neural cells and enhances angiogenesis in damaged neural tissue after SCI. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of VEGF induced by low-energy ESWT can suppress cell death and axonal damage and consequently improve locomotor and sensory functions after SCI. Thus, low-energy ESWT can be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenta Ito
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Departments of 1 Orthopaedic Surgery and
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Liu H, Dolkas J, Hoang K, Angert M, Chernov AV, Remacle AG, Shiryaev SA, Strongin AY, Nishihara T, Shubayev VI. The alternatively spliced fibronectin CS1 isoform regulates IL-17A levels and mechanical allodynia after peripheral nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:158. [PMID: 26337825 PMCID: PMC4559385 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical pain hypersensitivity associated with physical trauma to peripheral nerve depends on T-helper (Th) cells expressing the algesic cytokine, interleukin (IL)-17A. Fibronectin (FN) isoform alternatively spliced within the IIICS region encoding the 25-residue-long connecting segment 1 (CS1) regulates T cell recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Herein, we analyzed the role of CS1-containing FN (FN-CS1) in IL-17A expression and pain after peripheral nerve damage. METHODS Mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and FN-CS1-specific immunofluorescence analyses were employed to examine FN expression after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rat sciatic nerves. The acute intra-sciatic nerve injection of the synthetic CS1 peptide (a competitive inhibitor of the FN-CS1/α4 integrin binding) was used to elucidate the functional significance of FN-CS1 in mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity and IL-17A expression (by quantitative Taqman RT-PCR) after CCI. The CS1 peptide effects were analyzed in cultured primary Schwann cells, the major source of FN-CS1 in CCI nerves. RESULTS Following CCI, FN expression in sciatic nerve increased with the dominant FN-CS1 deposition in endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and macrophages. Acute CS1 therapy attenuated mechanical allodynia (pain from innocuous stimulation) but not thermal hyperalgesia and reduced the levels of IL-17A expression in the injured nerve. CS1 peptide inhibited the LPS- or starvation-stimulated activation of the stress ERK/MAPK pathway in cultured Schwann cells. CONCLUSIONS After physical trauma to the peripheral nerve, FN-CS1 contributes to mechanical pain hypersensitivity by increasing the number of IL-17A-expressing (presumably, Th17) cells. CS1 peptide therapy can be developed for pharmacological control of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Khan Hoang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Tasuku Nishihara
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0629, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0629, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Wang J, Yin L, Chen Z. Neuroprotective role of fibronectin in neuron-glial extrasynaptic transmission. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:376-82. [PMID: 25206678 PMCID: PMC4107531 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease are based on altered synaptic transmission of the nigrostriatal system. However, extrasynaptic transmission was recently found to affect dopamine neurotransmitter delivery by anisotropic diffusion in the extracellular matrix, which is modulated by various extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin. The present study reviewed the neuroprotective effect of fibronectin in extrasynaptic transmission. Fibronectin can regulate neuroactive substance diffusion and receptor activation, and exert anti- neuroinflammatory, adhesive and neuroprotective roles. Fibronectin can bind to integrin and growth factor receptors to transactivate intracellular signaling events such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway to regulate or amplify growth factor-like neuroprotective actions. Fibronectin is assembled into a fibrillar network around cells to facilitate cell migration, molecule and ion diffusion, and even drug delivery and treatment. In addition, the present study analyzed the neuroprotective mechanism of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, involving integrin and growth factor receptor interactions, and discussed the possible therapeutic and diagnostic significance of fibronectin in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Wang
- Institute for Geriatric Clinic and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Institute of Medical Informatics, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute for Geriatric Clinic and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
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Walters ET. Neuroinflammatory contributions to pain after SCI: roles for central glial mechanisms and nociceptor-mediated host defense. Exp Neurol 2014; 258:48-61. [PMID: 25017887 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is common, often intractable, and can be severely debilitating. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for this pain, which are discussed briefly, along with methods for revealing SCI pain in animal models, such as the recently applied conditioned place preference test. During the last decade, studies of animal models have shown that both central neuroinflammation and behavioral hypersensitivity (indirect reflex measures of pain) persist chronically after SCI. Interventions that reduce neuroinflammation have been found to ameliorate pain-related behavior, such as treatment with agents that inhibit the activation states of microglia and/or astroglia (including IL-10, minocycline, etanercept, propentofylline, ibudilast, licofelone, SP600125, carbenoxolone). Reversal of pain-related behavior has also been shown with disruption by an inhibitor (CR8) and/or genetic deletion of cell cycle-related proteins, deletion of a truncated receptor (trkB.T1) for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or reduction by antisense knockdown or an inhibitor (AMG9810) of the activity of channels (TRPV1 or Nav1.8) important for electrical activity in primary nociceptors. Nociceptor activity is known to drive central neuroinflammation in peripheral injury models, and nociceptors appear to be an integral component of host defense. Thus, emerging results suggest that spinal and systemic effects of SCI can activate nociceptor-mediated host defense responses that interact via neuroinflammatory signaling with complex central consequences of SCI to drive chronic pain. This broader view of SCI-induced neuroinflammation suggests new targets, and additional complications, for efforts to develop effective treatments for neuropathic SCI pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA.
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25
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Serotonergic transmission after spinal cord injury. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:279-95. [PMID: 24866695 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Changes in descending serotonergic innervation of spinal neural activity have been implicated in symptoms of paralysis, spasticity, sensory disturbances and pain following spinal cord injury (SCI). Serotonergic neurons possess an enhanced ability to regenerate or sprout after many types of injury, including SCI. Current research suggests that serotonine (5-HT) release within the ventral horn of the spinal cord plays a critical role in motor function, and activation of 5-HT receptors mediates locomotor control. 5-HT originating from the brain stem inhibits sensory afferent transmission and associated spinal reflexes; by abolishing 5-HT innervation SCI leads to a disinhibition of sensory transmission. 5-HT denervation supersensitivity is one of the key mechanisms underlying the increased motoneuron excitability that occurs after SCI, and this hyperexcitability has been demonstrated to underlie the pathogenesis of spasticity after SCI. Moreover, emerging evidence implicates serotonergic descending facilitatory pathways from the brainstem to the spinal cord in the maintenance of pathologic pain. There are functional relevant connections between the descending serotonergic system from the rostral ventromedial medulla in the brainstem, the 5-HT receptors in the spinal dorsal horn, and the descending pain facilitation after tissue and nerve injury. This narrative review focussed on the most important studies that have investigated the above-mentioned effects of impaired 5-HT-transmission in humans after SCI. We also briefly discussed the promising therapeutical approaches with serotonergic drugs, monoclonal antibodies and intraspinal cell transplantation.
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Karami M, Bathaie SZ, Tiraihi T, Habibi-Rezaei M, Arabkheradmand J, Faghihzadeh S. Crocin improved locomotor function and mechanical behavior in the rat model of contused spinal cord injury through decreasing calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 21:62-67. [PMID: 24051216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Various approaches have been offered to alleviate chronic pain resulting from spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Application of herbs and natural products, with potentially lower adverse effects, to cure diseases has been recommended in both traditional and modern medicines. Here, the effect of crocin on chronic pain induced by spinal cord contusion was investigated in an animal model. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (5 rats in each); three groups were contused at the L1 level. One group was treated with crocin (150mg/kg) two weeks after spinal cord injury; the second group, control, was treated with vehicle only; and the third group was treated with ketoprofen. Two normal groups were also considered with or without crocin treatment. The mechanical behavioral test, the locomotor recovery test and the thermal behavioral test were applied weekly to evaluate the injury and recovery of rats. Significant improvements (p<0.05) in mechanical behavioral and locomotor recovery tests were seen in the rats treated with crocin. Thermal behavioral test did not show any significant changes due to crocin treatment. Plasma concentration of calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) changed from 780.2±2.3 to 1140.3±4.5pg/ml due to SCI and reached 789.1±2.7pg/ml after crocin treatment. These changes were significant at the level of p<0.05. The present study shows the beneficial effects of crocin treatment on chronic pain induced by SCI, through decreasing CGRP as an important mediator of inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoume Karami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Proregenerative properties of ECM molecules. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:981695. [PMID: 24195084 PMCID: PMC3782155 DOI: 10.1155/2013/981695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
After traumatic injuries to the nervous system, regrowing axons encounter a complex microenvironment where mechanisms that promote regeneration compete with inhibitory processes. Sprouting and axonal regrowth are key components of functional recovery but are often counteracted by inhibitory molecules. This review covers extracellular matrix molecules that support neuron axonal outgrowth.
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Biomaterials for spinal cord repair. Neurosci Bull 2013; 29:445-59. [PMID: 23864367 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent loss of function leading to often devastating personal, economic and social problems. A contributing factor to the permanence of SCI is that damaged axons do not regenerate, which prevents the re-establishment of axonal circuits involved in function. Many groups are working to develop treatments that address the lack of axon regeneration after SCI. The emergence of biomaterials for regeneration and increased collaboration between engineers, basic and translational scientists, and clinicians hold promise for the development of effective therapies for SCI. A plethora of biomaterials is available and has been tested in various models of SCI. Considering the clinical relevance of contusion injuries, we primarily focus on polymers that meet the specific criteria for addressing this type of injury. Biomaterials may provide structural support and/or serve as a delivery vehicle for factors to arrest growth inhibition and promote axonal growth. Designing materials to address the specific needs of the damaged central nervous system is crucial and possible with current technology. Here, we review the most prominent materials, their optimal characteristics, and their potential roles in repairing and regenerating damaged axons following SCi.
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