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Squitti R, Reale G, Tondolo V, Crescenti D, Bellini S, Moci M, Caliandro P, Padua L, Rongioletti M. Imbalance of Essential Metals in Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Possible Link with Disorders of Consciousness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076867. [PMID: 37047843 PMCID: PMC10095508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the complex cerebral networks underlying wakefulness and awareness is responsible for Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a common cause of DoC, and it is responsible for a multi-dimensional pathological cascade that affects the proper functioning of the brainstem and brain consciousness pathways. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) have a role in the neurophysiology of both the ascending reticular activating system, a multi-neurotransmitter network located in the brainstem that is crucial for consciousness, and several brain regions. We aimed to summarize the role of these essential metals in TBI and its possible link with consciousness alterations. We found that TBI alters many neuronal molecular mechanisms involving essential metals, causing neurodegeneration, neural apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This final pattern resembles that described for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, we found that amantadine, zolpidem, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-the most used treatments for DoC recovery-seem to have an effect on essential metals-related pathways and that Zn might be a promising new therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of essential metals in the brain structures of consciousness and focuses on the mechanisms underlying their imbalance following TBI, suggesting their possible role in DoC. The scenario supports further studies aimed at getting a deeper insight into metals' role in DoC, in order to evaluate metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents, as potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Reale
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tondolo
- Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Crescenti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Moci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Caliandro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Perumal V, Ravula AR, Shao N, Chandra N. Effect of minocycline and its nano-formulation on central auditory system in blast-induced hearing loss rat model. J Otol 2023; 18:38-48. [PMID: 36820161 PMCID: PMC9937842 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast injuries are common among the military service members and veterans. One of the devastating effects of blast wave induced TBI is either temporary or permanent hearing loss. Treating hearing loss using minocycline is restricted by optimal drug concentration, route of administration, and its half-life. Therefore, therapeutic approach using novel therapeutic delivery method is in great need. Among the different delivery methods, nanotechnology-based drug delivery is desirable, which can achieve longer systemic circulation, pass through some biological barriers and specifically targets desired sites. The current study aimed to examine therapeutic effect of minocycline and its nanoparticle formulation in moderate blast induced hearing loss rat model through central auditory system. The I.v. administered nanoparticle at reduced dose and frequency than regularly administered toxic dose. After moderate blast exposure, rats had hearing impairment as determined by ABR at 7- and 30-days post exposure. In chronic condition, free minocycline also showed the significant reduction in ABR threshold. In central auditory system, it is found in this study that minocycline nanoparticles ameliorate excitation in inferior colliculus; and astrocytes and microglia activation after the blast exposure is reduced by minocycline nanoparticles administration. The study demonstrated that in moderate blast induced hearing loss, minocycline and its nanoparticle formulation exhibited the optimal therapeutic effect on the recovery of the ABR impairment and a protective effect through central auditory system. In conclusion, targeted and non-targeted nanoparticle formulation have therapeutic effect on blast induced hearing loss.
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Key Words
- 5-HsT, 5-hydroxytryptamine
- ABR, auditory brainstem response
- AC, auditory cortex
- Blast injury and targeted drug delivery
- CAS, central auditory system
- DAI, (diffuse axonal injury)
- GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid
- HL, (Hearing loss)
- Hearing loss
- Minocycline
- NMDAR1, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1
- Nanoparticle
- PAS, peripheral auditory system
- bTBI, blast traumatic brain injury
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Wu X, Liu M, Yan T, Wang Z, Yu W, Du Q, Hu W, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang K, Dong X. Plasma PRPC Levels Correlate With Severity and Prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2022; 13:913926. [PMID: 35899267 PMCID: PMC9309369 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.913926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCellular prion protein (PRPC) exerts brain-protective effects. We determined the relationship between plasma PRPC levels and disease severity plus clinical outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsA total of 138 ICH patients and 138 healthy controls were included in this prospective, observational study. Hematoma volume and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score were used to assess disease severity. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores of 1–3 and 4–5 at 90 days after stroke were defined as a poor outcome and good outcome, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, we discerned the relation of plasma PRPC levels to disease severity and poor outcome. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was built to evaluate the prognostic predictive capability.ResultsPlasma PRPC levels in ICH patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (median, 4.20 vs. 2.02 ng/ml; P < 0.001), and were independently correlated with GCS score (r = −0.645, P < 0.001) and hematoma volume (r = 0.627, P < 0.001). Plasma PRPC levels were highly correlated with GOS score (r = −0.762, P < 0.001), and were substantially higher in patients with poor outcomes than in those with the good outcomes. Using maximum Youden index, plasma PRPC levels >3.893 ng/ml distinguished the risk of poor outcome at 90 days, with a sensitivity of 86.4% and a specificity of 65.8% (area under the curve, 0.809; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.737–0.881, P < 0.001). Plasma PRPC levels >3.893 ng/ml were independently associated with a poor 90-day outcome with an odds ratio of 12.278 (95% CI, 5.101–29.554).ConclusionElevated plasma PRPC levels are significantly associated with disease severity and poor 90-day outcome in ICH patients, indicating that plasma PRPC may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Yan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zefan Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongke Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Keyi Wang
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Xiaoqiao Dong
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Mohammadi B, Song F, Matamoros-Angles A, Shafiq M, Damme M, Puig B, Glatzel M, Altmeppen HC. Anchorless risk or released benefit? An updated view on the ADAM10-mediated shedding of the prion protein. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:215-234. [PMID: 35084572 PMCID: PMC10113312 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is a broadly expressed glycoprotein linked with a multitude of (suggested) biological and pathological implications. Some of these roles seem to be due to constitutively generated proteolytic fragments of the protein. Among them is a soluble PrP form, which is released from the surface of neurons and other cell types by action of the metalloprotease ADAM10 in a process termed 'shedding'. The latter aspect is the focus of this review, which aims to provide a comprehensive overview on (i) the relevance of proteolytic processing in regulating cellular PrP functions, (ii) currently described involvement of shed PrP in neurodegenerative diseases (including prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease), (iii) shed PrP's expected roles in intercellular communication in many more (patho)physiological conditions (such as stroke, cancer or immune responses), (iv) and the need for improved research tools in respective (future) studies. Deeper mechanistic insight into roles played by PrP shedding and its resulting fragment may pave the way for improved diagnostics and future therapeutic approaches in diseases of the brain and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Working Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology (INI Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Feizhi Song
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Tekin Neijmann Ş, Kural A, Sever N, Doğan H, Sarıkaya S. Evaluation of renal function in rats with moderate and mild brain trauma. ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2022; 28:1-7. [PMID: 34967428 PMCID: PMC10443170 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2020.29015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to diagnose possible acute kidney injury (AKI) with new early biochemical markers in patients who were admitted to the emergency department frequently with mild and moderate brain trauma, and to prevent possible complications, shorten the duration of treatment and hospital stay. With this purpose, we decided to reach our scientific target using the experimental rat model. METHODS Wistar albino rats were included our experiment. Fifteen rats were randomly separated into three groups: Sham control (n=1: Underwent craniotomy alone), control (n=7: Without craniotomy), and trauma group (n=7: Underwent craniotomy followed by brain injury). RESULTS There were no significant differences groups creatinine levels within 0 and 24 h (0.35±0.02 and 0.33±0.03, respectively, p>0.05). Plasma NGAL and KIM1 concentrations were statistically significant different in both control and trauma groups (Friedman p<0.05) and significant differences at both NGAL and KIM-1 concentrations at dual comparisons by means of all sampling time (0-2 h, 0-24 h, and 2-24 h) (Wilcoxon p<0.001, after Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSION The presence of AKI in patients with mild-to-moderate brain trauma increases the risk of mortality. Early diagnosis of AKI reduces the hospitalization period and requiring of dialysis. Diagnosis of AKI within 24 h with early biomarkers and starting therapy is crucial issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şebnem Tekin Neijmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Alev Kural
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Nurten Sever
- Department of Pathology, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Halil Doğan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Sezgin Sarıkaya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul-Turkey
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Yao H, Lv C, Luo F, He C. Plasma cellular prion protein concentrations correlate with severity and prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:114-119. [PMID: 34537219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is greatly expressed in injured brain tissues. We investigates correlation of plasma PrPc concentrations with severity, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) plus prognosis following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). METHODS Plasma PrPc concentrations were measured in 110 aSAH patients and 110 healthy controls. The World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale (WFNS) score, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, Hunt-Hess score and modified Fisher score were utilized to assess hemorrhagic severity. Relations of plasma PrPc concentrations to DCI and 90-day poor outcome (Glasgow outcome scale score of 1-3) were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Prognostic predictive capabilities were determined under receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Plasma PrPc concentrations were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Plasma PrPc concentrations were tightly correlated with WFNS score, GCS score, Hunt-Hess score and modified Fisher score. Plasma PrPc emerged as an independent predictor for 90-day poor outcome, but not for DCI. Plasma PrPc concentrations exhibited similar prognostic predictive abilities, as compared to WFNS score, GCS score, Hunt-Hess score and modified Fisher score. CONCLUSIONS Plasma PrPc concentrations are highly associated with severity and poor outcome after hemorrhagic stroke, indicating that plasma PrPc may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker for aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Yao
- Medical Laboratory, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 9 Jianmin Road, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Caiping Lv
- Medical Laboratory, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 9 Jianmin Road, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Fangjun Luo
- Medical Laboratory, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 9 Jianmin Road, Zhuji 311800, China.
| | - Chao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 9 Jianmin Road, Zhuji 311800, China
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Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Induces Brain Insulin Resistance: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanning Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169005. [PMID: 34445708 PMCID: PMC8396497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury/concussion is a growing epidemic throughout the world. Although evidence supports association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and disturbance in brain glucose metabolism, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well established. Previously, we reported the release of cellular prion protein (PrPc) from the brain to circulation following TBI. The PrPc level was also found to be decreased in insulin-resistant rat brains. In the present study, we investigated the molecular link between PrPc and brain insulin resistance in a single and repeated mild TBI-induced mouse model. Mild TBI was induced in mice by dropping a weight (~95 g at 1 m high) on the right side of the head. The procedure was performed once and thrice (once daily) for single (SI) and repeated induction (RI), respectively. Micro PET/CT imaging revealed that RI mice showed significant reduction in cortical, hippocampal and cerebellum glucose uptake compared to SI and control. Mice that received RI also showed significant motor and cognitive deficits. In co-immunoprecipitation, the interaction between PrPc, flotillin and Cbl-associated protein (CAP) observed in the control mice brains was disrupted by RI. Lipid raft isolation showed decreased levels of PrPc, flotillin and CAP in the RI mice brains. Based on observation, it is clear that PrPc has an interaction with CAP and the dislodgment of PrPc from cell membranes may lead to brain insulin resistance in a mild TBI mouse model. The present study generated a new insight into the pathogenesis of brain injury, which may result in the development of novel therapy.
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Persad A, Pham N, Moien-Afshari F, Gormley W, Yan S, Mannix R, Taghibiglou C. Plasma PrPC and ADAM-10 as novel biomarkers for traumatic brain injury and concussion: a pilot study. Brain Inj 2021; 35:734-741. [PMID: 33760683 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1900602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a lipid raft protein abundant within CNS. It is regulated by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain containing protein 10 (ADAM10). PrPC has previously been implicated as a biomarker for TBI. ADAM10 has not been investigated as a TBI biomarker. OBJECTIVE We evaluated PrPC and ADAM10 as candidate biomarkers for TBI. METHODS We performed ELISA for ADAM10 and PrPC on plasma samples of patients with TBI admitted to Brigham and Women's Hospital. Plasma samples from 20 patients admitted for isolated TBI were acquired from a biobank with clinical information. Control plasma (37 samples) was acquired from a commercial source. GraphPad was used to conduct statistical analysis. RESULTS 37 controls and 20 TBI samples were collected. Of the patients with TBI, eight were mild, three were moderate, and nine were severe. Both PrPC and ADAM10 were elevated in patients with TBI compared with control (p < .001). ADAM10 exhibited greater expression in patients with worse clinical grade. There was no significant association of either PrPC or ADAM10 with time after injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PrPC and ADAM10 appear to be useful potential tools for screening of TBI. ADAM10 is closely associated with clinical grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Persad
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Nam Pham
- Dept. Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Farzad Moien-Afshari
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Clinical Associate Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William Gormley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Director, Neurosurgical Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sandra Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School Of Brown University, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Director, Boston Children's Hospital Brain Injury Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Changiz Taghibiglou
- Dept. Of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Associate Professor, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Charkviani M, Muradashvili N, Lominadze D. Vascular and non-vascular contributors to memory reduction during traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2860-2876. [PMID: 30793398 PMCID: PMC6703968 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasing health problem. It is a complex, progressive disease that consists of many factors affecting memory. Studies have shown that increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability initiates pathological changes in neuro-vascular network but the role of cerebrovascular dysfunction and its mediated mechanisms associated with memory reduction during TBI are still not well understood. Changes in BBB, inflammation, extravasation of blood plasma components, activation of neuroglia lead to neurodegeneration. Extravasated proteins such as amyloid-beta, fibrinogen, and cellular prion protein may form degradation resistant complexes that can lead to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. They also have the ability to activate astrocytes, and thus, can be involved in memory impairment. Understanding the triggering mechanisms and the places they originate in vasculature or in extravascular tissue may help to identify potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate memory reduction during TBI. The goal of this review is to discuss conceptual mechanisms that lead to short-term memory reduction during non-severe TBI considering distinction between vascular and non-vascular effects on neurons. Some aspects of these mechanisms need to be confirmed further. Therefore, we hope that the discussion presented bellow may lead to experiments that may clarify the triggering mechanisms of memory reduction after head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Charkviani
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Basic Medicine, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Sekar S, Zhang Y, Miranzadeh Mahabadi H, Parvizi A, Taghibiglou C. Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation Restores Cognitive and Motor Functions in the Mouse Model of Repeated Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Cellular Prion Protein. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3103-3114. [PMID: 31020907 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)/concussion is a growing epidemic throughout the world. Memory and neurobehavioral dysfunctions are among the sequelae of TBI. Dislodgement of cellular prion protein (PrPc) and disruption of circadian rhythm have been linked to TBI. Low-field magnetic stimulation (LFMS) is a new noninvasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) technique that generates diffused and low-intensity magnetic stimulation to deep cortical and subcortical areas. The role of LFMS on PrPc, proteins related to the circadian rhythm, and behavior alterations in a repeated TBI mouse model were studied in the present study. TBI was induced to the mice (right hemisphere) using weight-drop method, once daily for 3 days. LFMS treatment was given for 20 min once daily for 4 days (immediately after each TBI induction). The results showed that LFMS-treated TBI mice significantly improved cognitive and motor function as evidenced by open field exploration, rotarod, and novel location recognition tasks. In addition, a significant increase in PrPc and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were observed in cortical and hippocampal regions of LFMS-treated TBI mice brain compared with sham-treated TBI mice, while neuronal nuclei level was significantly increased in cortical region. In LFMS-treated mice, a decrease in proteins related to circadian rhythm were observed, compared with sham-treated TBI mice. The results obtained from the study demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of LFMS, which may be through regulating PrPc and/or proteins related to circadian rhythm. Thus, the present study suggests that LFMS may improve the subject's neurological condition following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiya Sekar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hajar Miranzadeh Mahabadi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amirhassan Parvizi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Changiz Taghibiglou
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Spotlight on Neurotrauma Research in Canada's Leading Academic Centers. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1986-2004. [PMID: 30074875 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.29017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sandlin DS, Yu Y, Huang J, Zhang C, Arteaga AA, Lippincott JK, Peeden EO, Guyton RR, Chen L, Beneke LL, Allison JC, Zhu H, Zhou W. Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats. J Otol 2018; 13:44-53. [PMID: 30559764 PMCID: PMC6291641 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast overpressure has become an increasing cause of brain injuries in both military and civilian populations. Though blast's direct effects on the cochlea and vestibular organs are active areas of study, little attention has been given to the ear's contribution to the overall spectrum of blast injury. Acute autonomic responses to blast exposure, including bradycardia and hypotension, can cause hypoxia and contribute to blast-induced neurotrauma. Existing literature suggests that these autonomic responses are elicited through blast impacting the thorax and lungs. We hypothesize that the unprotected ear also provides a vulnerable locus for blast to cause autonomic responses. We designed a blast generator that delivers controlled overpressure waves into the ear canal without impacting surrounding tissues in order to study the ear's specific contribution to blast injury. Anesthetized adult rats' left ears were exposed to a single blast wave ranging from 0 to 110 PSI (0-758 kPa). Blast exposed rats exhibited decreased heart rates and blood pressures with increased blast intensity, similar to results gathered using shock tubes and whole-body exposure in the literature. While rats exposed to blasts below 50 PSI (345 kPa) exhibited increased respiratory rate with increased blast intensity, some rats exposed to blasts higher than 50 PSI (345 kPa) stopped breathing immediately and ultimately died. These autonomic responses were significantly reduced in vagally denervated rats, again similar to whole-body exposure literature. These results support the hypothesis that the unprotected ear contributes to the autonomic responses to blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Sandlin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang S Rd, Yingze Qu, Taiyuan Shi, Shanxi Sheng, China
| | - Alberto A. Arteaga
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - John K. Lippincott
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Erin O.H. Peeden
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ryan R. Guyton
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lan Chen
- Summer Undergraduate Research Experience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Laura L.S. Beneke
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jerome C. Allison
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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13
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Kim HJ, Tsao JW, Stanfill AG. The current state of biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97105. [PMID: 29321373 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common occurrence, with over 3 million cases reported every year in the United States. While research into the underlying pathophysiology is ongoing, there is an urgent need for better clinical guidelines that allow more consistent diagnosis of mTBI and ensure safe return-to-play timelines for athletes, nonathletes, and military personnel. The development of a suite of biomarkers that indicate the pathogenicity of mTBI could lead to clinically useful tools for establishing both diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we review the current evidence for mTBI biomarkers derived from investigations of the multifactorial pathology of mTBI. While the current literature lacks the scope and size for clarification of these biomarkers' clinical utility, early studies have identified some promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jack W Tsao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurology, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, and.,Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Zhang J, Knight R, Wang Y, Sawyer TW, Martyniuk CJ, Langlois VS. Comprehensive assessment of shockwave intensity: Transcriptomic biomarker discovery for primary blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury using the mammalian hair follicle. Brain Inj 2017; 32:123-134. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1342000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rosalinda Knight
- University of New Brunswick and Canadian River Institute, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Yushan Wang
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas W Sawyer
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- University of New Brunswick and Canadian River Institute, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- University of Florida, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
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15
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Toman E, Harrisson S, Belli T. Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: a review. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2015; 162:103-8. [PMID: 26527607 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2015-000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers allow physiological processes to be monitored, in both health and injury. Multiple attempts have been made to use biomarkers in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Identification of such biomarkers could allow improved understanding of the pathological processes involved in TBI, diagnosis, prognostication and development of novel therapies. This review article aims to cover both established and emerging TBI biomarkers along with their benefits and limitations. It then discusses the potential value of TBI biomarkers to military, civilian and sporting populations and the future hopes for developing a role for biomarkers in head injury management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Toman
- Major Trauma Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Harrisson
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Belli
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Pham N, Akonasu H, Shishkin R, Taghibiglou C. Plasma soluble prion protein, a potential biomarker for sport-related concussions: a pilot study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117286. [PMID: 25643046 PMCID: PMC4314282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is a significant health concern to athletes with potential long-term consequences. The diagnosis of sport concussion and return to sport decision making is one of the greatest challenges facing health care clinicians working in sports. Blood biomarkers have recently demonstrated their potential in assisting the detection of brain injury particularly, in those cases with no obvious physical injury. We have recently discovered plasma soluble cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) as a potential reliable biomarker for blast induced TBI (bTBI) in a rodent animal model. In order to explore the application of this novel TBI biomarker to sport-related concussion, we conducted a pilot study at the University of Saskatchewan (U of S) by recruiting athlete and non-athlete 18 to 30 year-old students. Using a modified quantitative ELISA method, we first established normal values for the plasma soluble PrP(C) in male and female students. The measured plasma soluble PrP(C) in confirmed concussion cases demonstrated a significant elevation of this analyte in post-concussion samples. Data collected from our pilot study indicates that the plasma soluble PrP(C) is a potential biomarker for sport-related concussion, which may be further developed into a clinical diagnostic tool to assist clinicians in the assessment of sport concussion and return-to-play decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hungbo Akonasu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Rhonda Shishkin
- College of Kinesiology and Huskies Athletics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Changiz Taghibiglou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail:
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