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Liu T, Yu Y, Mi L, Zhao Z, Liu M, Wang J, Wang X, Sha Z, Nie M, Jiang W, Wu C, Yuan J, Lv C, Zhao B, Lin K, Li Z, Luo Z, Liu X, Qian Y, Jiang R. Efficacy and safety of compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) versus piracetam on cognition and functional outcomes for adults with traumatic brain injury: A study protocol for randomized controlled trial. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37296. [PMID: 39319135 PMCID: PMC11419906 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurosurgical disease in emergency rooms with poor prognosis, imposing severe burdens on patients and their families. Evidence indicates that piracetam and compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) can improve cognitive levels in TBI patients to enhance functional prognosis, but there is still a research gap regarding the efficacy of CPCGI. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of CPCGI in improving cognitive and functional outcomes in TBI patients. Methods This study is a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind trial aiming to recruit 900 adult patients with mild to moderate TBI. After providing informed consent, 600 patients will be randomly assigned to the CPCGI group (20 ml/d, for 14 days), and 300 patients will be randomized to the piracetam group as a control (20 ml/d, for 14 days), followed up for 3 months after treatment. The primary outcome is the change in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score from baseline after 3 months. The main secondary outcome measures include Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E), and the Barthel Index at 1 and 3 months. Discussion This multi-center clinical trial aims to provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of CPCGI in improving cognitive and functional outcomes in mild to moderate TBI patients. Trial registration ChiCTR2000040466, date of registration: November 28, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yunhu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, the People's Hospital of HongHuaGang District of ZunYi, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Mi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuang Sha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangyuan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanxiang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Biao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xuanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Tianjin & Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Feng D, Liu T, Zhang X, Xiang T, Su W, Quan W, Jiang R. Fingolimod improves diffuse brain injury by promoting AQP4 polarization and functional recovery of the glymphatic system. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14669. [PMID: 38459666 PMCID: PMC10924110 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse brain injury (DBI) models are characterized by intense global brain inflammation and edema, which characterize the most severe form of TBI. In a previous experiment, we found that fingolimod promoted recovery after controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) by modulating inflammation around brain lesions. However, it remains unclear whether fingolimod can also attenuate DBI because of its different injury mechanisms. Furthermore, whether fingolimod has additional underlying effects on repairing DBI is unknown. METHODS The impact acceleration model of DBI was established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Fingolimod (0.5 mg/kg) was administered 0.5, 24, and 48 h after injury for 3 consecutive days. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis, cytokine array, and western blotting were used to evaluate inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors, AQP4 polarization, apoptosis in brain cells, and the accumulation of APP after DBI in rats. To evaluate the function of the glymphatic system (GS), a fluorescent tracer was injected into the cistern. The neural function of rats with DBI was evaluated using various tests, including the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), horizontal ladder-crossing test, beam walking test, and tape sensing and removal test. Brain water content was also measured. RESULTS Fingolimod administration for 3 consecutive days could reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil recruitment, microglia, and astrocyte activation in the brain following DBI. Moreover, fingolimod reduced apoptotic protein expression, brain cell apoptosis, brain edema, and APP accumulation. Additionally, fingolimod inhibited the loss of AQP4 polarization, improved lymphatic system function, and reduced damage to nervous system function. Notably, inhibiting the GS weakened the therapeutic effect of fingolimod on the neurological function of rats with DBI and increased the accumulation of APP in the brain. CONCLUSIONS In brief, these findings suggest that fingolimod alleviates whole-brain inflammation and GS system damage after DBI and that inhibiting the GS could weaken the positive effect of fingolimod on nerve function in rats with DBI. Thus, inhibiting inflammation and regulating the GS may be critical for the therapeutic effect of fingolimod on DBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro‐injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyMinistry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro‐injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyMinistry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro‐injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyMinistry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Tangtang Xiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro‐injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyMinistry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Wanqiang Su
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro‐injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyMinistry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro‐injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyMinistry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro‐injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyMinistry of EducationTianjinChina
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Silvestro S, Raffaele I, Quartarone A, Mazzon E. Innovative Insights into Traumatic Brain Injuries: Biomarkers and New Pharmacological Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2372. [PMID: 38397046 PMCID: PMC10889179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue affecting many people across the world, causing significant morbidity and mortality. TBIs often have long-lasting effects, disrupting daily life and functionality. They cause two types of damage to the brain: primary and secondary. Secondary damage is particularly critical as it involves complex processes unfolding after the initial injury. These processes can lead to cell damage and death in the brain. Understanding how these processes damage the brain is crucial for finding new treatments. This review examines a wide range of literature from 2021 to 2023, focusing on biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in TBIs to pinpoint therapeutic advancements. Baseline levels of biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NF-L), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), Tau, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in TBI, have demonstrated prognostic value for cognitive outcomes, laying the groundwork for personalized treatment strategies. In terms of pharmacological progress, the most promising approaches currently target neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic mechanisms. Agents that can modulate these pathways offer the potential to reduce a TBI's impact and aid in neurological rehabilitation. Future research is poised to refine these therapeutic approaches, potentially revolutionizing TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Provinciale Palermo, SS 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (I.R.); (A.Q.)
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Wu J, Mao S, Wu X, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Zhu F. Jasminoidin reduces ischemic stroke injury by regulating microglia polarization via PASK-EEF1A1 axis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14354. [PMID: 37743322 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Jasminoidin (JAS) can alleviate ischemic stroke (IS) injury, but its molecular mechanism remains undefined. The polarization of microglia affects IS process. This research is powered to probe whether the molecular mechanism of JAS for IS treatment is coupled with microglia polarization. IS modeling in mice was accomplished by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and model mice were injected with 25 and 50 mg/mL JAS, followed by determination of infarct volume, brain water content, and histological changes in mouse brains. The microglia modeling was performed by 1-h oxygen-glucose deprivation and 24-h reoxygenation. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced microglia were treated with JAS and transfected with Per-Arnt-Sim kinase (PASK)-overexpressing plasmid, subsequent to which cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were determined. The mRNA or protein expressions of examined genes in microglia and brain tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. MCAO-induced massive infarction, edema, and injury in mouse brain tissues, upregulated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), FcγRIIB (CD32), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), PASK, p-eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (EEF1A1), and p-EEF1A1/EEF1A1 levels, but downregulated mannose receptor 1 (CD206), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and EEF1A1 expressions, which was reversed by JAS. OGD/R treatment decreased microglial viability as well as expressions of CD206, Arg-1, IL-10, and EEF1A1, yet increased cytotoxicity and levels of IL-1β, CD32, TNF-α, PASK, p-EEF1A1, and p-EEF1A1/EEF1A1, which was reversed by JAS. PASK overexpression reversed the effects of JAS on microglia. JAS reduces IS injury by regulating microglia polarization via PASK-EEF1A1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Mao
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
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Zheng J, Zhang C, Wu Y, Zhang C, Che Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang Y. Controlled Decompression Alleviates Motor Dysfunction by Regulating Microglial Polarization via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Intracranial Hypertension. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5607-5623. [PMID: 37328678 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a major form of surgery that is used to reduce intracranial hypertension (IH), the most frequent cause of death and disability following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and stroke. Our previous research showed that controlled decompression (CDC) was more effective than rapid decompression (RDC) with regard to reducing the incidence of complications and improving outcomes after sTBI; however, the specific mechanisms involved have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CDC in regulating inflammation after IH and attempted to identify the mechanisms involved. Analysis showed that CDC was more effective than RDC in alleviating motor dysfunction and neuronal death in a rat model of traumatic intracranial hypertension (TIH) created by epidural balloon pressurization. Moreover, RDC induced M1 microglia polarization and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, CDC treatment resulted in microglia primarily polarizing into the M2 phenotype and induced the significant release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, the establishment of the TIH model led to the increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α); CDC ameliorated cerebral hypoxia and reduced the expression of HIF-1α. In addition, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), a specific inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly attenuated RDC-induced inflammation and improved motor function by promoting M1 to M2 phenotype transformation in microglial and enhancing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), an agonist of HIF-1α, abrogated the protective effects of CDC treatment by suppressing M2 microglia polarization and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our results indicated that CDC effectively alleviated IH-induced inflammation, neuronal death, and motor dysfunction by regulating HIF-1α-mediated microglial phenotype polarization. Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the protective effects of CDC and promote clinical translational research for HIF-1α in IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chonghui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
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Zheng M, Zhu T, Chen B, Zhao H, Lu X, Lu Q, Ni M, Cheng L, Han H, Ye T, Ye Y, Liu H, Huang C. Intranasal Monophosphoryl Lipid a Administration Ameliorates depression-like Behavior in Chronically Stressed Mice Through Stimulation of Microglia. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3160-3176. [PMID: 37358676 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
We and others have reported that systematic stimulation of the central innate immune system by a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can improve depression-like behavior in chronically stressed animals. However, it is unclear whether similar stimulation by intranasal administration could improve depression-like behavior in animals. We investigated this question using monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of LPS that lacks the adverse effects of LPS but is still immuno-stimulatory. We found that a single intranasal administration of MPL at a dose of 10 or 20 µg/mouse, but not at a dose of 5 µg/mouse, ameliorated chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test and the increase in sucrose intake in sucrose preference test. In the time-dependent analysis, the antidepressant-like effect of a single intranasal MPL administration (20 µg/mouse) was observed 5 and 8 h but not 3 h after drug administration and persisted for at least 7 days. Fourteen days after the first intranasal MPL administration, a second intranasal MPL administration (20 µg/mouse) still showed an antidepressant-like effect. The innate immune response mediated by microglia might mediate the antidepressant-like effect of intranasal MPL administration, because both inhibition of microglial activation by pretreatment with minocycline and depletion of microglia by pretreatment with PLX3397 prevented the antidepressant-like effect of intranasal MPL administration. These results suggest that intranasal administration of MPL can produce significant antidepressant-like effects in animals under chronic stress conditions via stimulation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Middle Qingnian Road, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxie Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, #66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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7
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Shi G, Liu L, Cao Y, Ma G, Zhu Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Li T, Mi L, Jia H, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhou Y, Li S, Yang G, Liu X, Chen F, Wang B, Deng Q, Zhang S, Zhang J. Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway in mice with traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:222. [PMID: 37777772 PMCID: PMC10543875 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is one of the most important pathogeneses in secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) forming neutrophils were found throughout the brain tissue of TBI patients and elevated plasma NET biomarkers correlated with worse outcomes. However, the biological function and underlying mechanisms of NETs in TBI-induced neural damage are not yet fully understood. Here, we used Cl-amidine, a selective inhibitor of NETs to investigate the role of NETs in neural damage after TBI. METHODS Controlled cortical impact model was performed to establish TBI. Cl-amidine, 2'3'-cGAMP (an activator of stimulating Interferon genes (STING)), C-176 (a selective STING inhibitor), and Kira6 [a selectively phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha [IRE1α] inhibitor] were administrated to explore the mechanism by which NETs promote neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after TBI. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an essential enzyme for neutrophil extracellular trap formation, is overexpressed with adenoviruses in the cortex of mice 1 day before TBI. The short-term neurobehavior tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), Evans blue extravasation assay, Fluoro-Jade C (FJC), TUNEL, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and quantitative-PCR were performed in this study. RESULTS Neutrophils form NETs presenting in the circulation and brain at 3 days after TBI. NETs inhibitor Cl-amidine treatment improved short-term neurological functions, reduced cerebral lesion volume, reduced brain edema, and restored cerebral blood flow (CBF) after TBI. In addition, Cl-amidine exerted neuroprotective effects by attenuating BBB disruption, inhibiting immune cell infiltration, and alleviating neuronal death after TBI. Moreover, Cl-amidine treatment inhibited microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization and promoted anti-inflammatory polarization at 3 days after TBI. Mechanistically, STING ligand 2'3'-cGAMP abolished the neuroprotection of Cl-amidine via IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. Importantly, overexpression of PAD4 promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal death via the IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. However, STING inhibitor C-176 or IRE1α inhibitor Kira6 effectively abolished the neurodestructive effects of PAD4 overexpression after TBI. CONCLUSION Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that NETs inhibition with Cl-amidine ameliorated neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological deficits via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. Thus, Cl-amidine treatment may provide a promising therapeutic approach for the early management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshuo Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yanlin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Mi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guili Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Gulshan S, Shah S, Shah PA, Irfan M, Saadullah M, Abbas G, Hanif M, Rasul A, Ahmad N, Mahmood A, Basheer E, Habib MO, Alotaibi HF, Obaidullah AJ, Alsabhan JF, Alwassil OL. Development and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Novasomes for the Trans-nasal Delivery of Fluvoxamine Using Arachidonic Acid-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Conjugate. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2259. [PMID: 37765228 PMCID: PMC10535484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the major mental illness which causes along with loss of interest in daily life, a feeling of hopelessness, appetite or weight changes, anger and irritability. Due to the hepatic first-pass metabolism, the absolute bioavailability of fluvoxamine (FVM) after oral administration is about 50%. By avoiding the pre-systemic metabolism, nasal delivery would boost bioavailability of FVM. Additionally, the absorption is anticipated to occur more quickly than it would via the oral route because of the existence of microvilli and high vasculature. A nonionic surfactant, cholesterol and an arachidonic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan (AA-CMCS) conjugate were used to develop FVM-loaded novasomes. To investigate the effects of surfactant concentration, AA-CMCS conjugate concentration and stirring speed on the novasomes' characteristics, a Box-Behnken design was used. The dependent variables chosen were zeta potential, polydispersity index and particle size. The AA-CMCS conjugate was confirmed by 1H-NMR and FTIR. Using Design Expert software (version 7; Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), novasomes were further optimized. The chosen optimal formulation (NAC8) was made up of AA-CMCS conjugate, Span 60 and cholesterol. Particle size, zeta potential and PDI values for NAC8 formulation were 101 nm, -35 mV and 0.263, respectively. The NAC8 formulation's DSC and TGA analysis demonstrated that the medication had been uniformly and amorphously distributed throughout the novasomes. The NAC8 formulation showed 99% and 90% FVM release and permeation, respectively, and the novasome adherence time was 24 h. An improved antidepressant effect along with five-fold increase in bioavailability of FVM was observed after trans-nasal administration of NAC8 formulation compared to the reference commercially available Flumin® tablets. FVM-loaded novasomes administered via the nasal route may therefore constitute an advancement in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Gulshan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.G.); (M.I.); (A.R.); (M.O.H.)
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.G.); (M.I.); (A.R.); (M.O.H.)
| | - Malik Saadullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.G.); (M.I.); (A.R.); (M.O.H.)
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.G.); (M.I.); (A.R.); (M.O.H.)
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan;
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ejaz Basheer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad Omer Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.G.); (M.I.); (A.R.); (M.O.H.)
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jawza F. Alsabhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama l. Alwassil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
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9
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Mi L, Min X, Shi M, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Li P, Chai Y, Chen F, Deng Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Chen X. Neutrophil extracellular traps aggravate neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via TLR9 after traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:374. [PMID: 37365190 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis play an important role during secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Increased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation has been demonstrated to be associated with neurological damage after TBI. However, the correlation between ER stress and NETs remains unclear, and the specific function of NETs in neurons has not been defined. In this study, we found that the levels of NETs circulating biomarkers were remarkably elevated in the plasma of TBI patients. We then inhibited NETs formation by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4, a critical enzyme for NETs formation) deficiency and discovered that ER stress activation and ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis were reduced. The degradation of NETs via DNase I showed similar outcomes. Furthermore, overexpression of PAD4 aggravated neuronal ER stress and ER stress-associated apoptosis, while TLR9 antagonist administration abrogated the damage caused by NETs. In addition to in vivo experiments, in vitro experiments revealed that treatment with a TLR9 antagonist alleviated NETs-induced ER stress and apoptosis in HT22 cells. Collectively, our results indicated that ER stress as well as the accompanying neuronal apoptosis can be ameliorated by disruption of NETs and that suppression of the TLR9-ER stress signaling pathway may contribute to positive outcomes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Min
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Baodi, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China.
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10
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Peng Y, Zhou M, Yang H, Qu R, Qiu Y, Hao J, Bi H, Guo D. Regulatory Mechanism of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8821610. [PMID: 37332618 PMCID: PMC10270764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8821610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells in the organism and can be found in almost tissues and organs. They are highly plastic and heterogeneous cells and can participate in the immune response, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the body. It is well known that undifferentiated macrophages can polarize into classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) under different microenvironmental conditions. The directions of macrophage polarization can be regulated by a series of factors, including interferon, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin, and noncoding RNAs. To elucidate the role of macrophages in various autoimmune diseases, we searched the literature on macrophages with the PubMed database. Search terms are as follows: macrophages, polarization, signaling pathways, noncoding RNA, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, Sjogren's syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we summarize the role of macrophage polarization in common autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also summarize the features and recent advances with a particular focus on the immunotherapeutic potential of macrophage polarization in autoimmune diseases and the potentially effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Mengxian Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ruyi Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
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11
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Wang Z, Chen G. Immune regulation in neurovascular units after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106060. [PMID: 36871640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Survivors may experience movement disorders, memory loss, and cognitive deficits. However, there is a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The immune regulation process of TBI involves changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immunity, and intracranial blood vessels are essential communication centers. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is responsible for coupling blood flow with brain activity, and comprises endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocyte end-feet, and vast regulatory nerve terminals. A stable NVU is the basis for normal brain function. The concept of the NVU emphasizes that cell-cell interactions between different types of cells are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Previous studies have explored the effects of immune system changes after TBI. The NVU can help us further understand the immune regulation process. Herein, we enumerate the paradoxes of primary immune activation and chronic immunosuppression. We describe the changes in immune cells, cytokines/chemokines, and neuroinflammation after TBI. The post-immunomodulatory changes in NVU components are discussed, and research exploring immune changes in the NVU pattern is also described. Finally, we summarize immune regulation therapies and drugs after TBI. Therapies and drugs that focus on immune regulation have shown great potential for neuroprotection. These findings will help us further understand the pathological processes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China.
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12
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Mathur P, Rani V. Investigating microRNAs in diabetic cardiomyopathy as tools for early detection and therapeutics. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:229-240. [PMID: 35779226 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To profile microRNAs population of glucose-induced cardiomyoblast cell line and identify the differentially expressed microRNAs and their role under pre-diabetes and diabetes condition in vitro. Rat fetal ventricular cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2 was treated with D-glucose to mimic pre-diabetic, diabetic, and high-glucose conditions. Alteration in cellular, nuclear morphology, and change in ROS generation was analyzed through fluorescent staining. Small RNA sequencing was performed using Illumina NextSeq 550 sequencer and was validated using stem-loop qRT-PCR. A large number (~ 100) differential miRNAs were detected in each treated samples as compared to control; however, a similar expression pattern was observed between pre-diabetes and diabetes conditions with the exception for miR-429, miR-101b-5p, miR-503-3p, miR-384-5p, miR-412-5p, miR-672-5p, and miR-532-3p. Functional annotation of differential expressed target genes revealed their involvement in significantly enriched key pathways associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. For the first time, we report the differential expression of miRNAs (miR-1249, miR-3596d, miR- 3586-3p, miR-7b-3p, miR-191, miR-330-3p, miR-328a, let7i-5p, miR-146-3p, miR-26a-3p) in diabetes-induced cardiac cells. Hyperglycemia threatens the cell homeostasis by dysregulation of miRNAs that begins at a glucose level 10 mM and remains undetected. Analysis of differential expressed miRNAs in pre-diabetes and diabetes conditions and their role in regulatory mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy holds high potential in the direction of using miRNAs as minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mathur
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 210309, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 210309, India.
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13
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Cao Y, Shi M, Liu L, Zuo Y, Jia H, Min X, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li S, Yang G, Liu X, Deng Q, Chen F, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhang J. Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation attenuates NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis via STING/IRE1α pathway after traumatic brain injury in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125759. [PMID: 37143681 PMCID: PMC10152368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation has been reported to be associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and neurological deficits in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the biological function and underlying mechanisms of NETs in TBI-induced neuronal cell death are not yet fully understood. Methods First, brain tissue and peripheral blood samples of TBI patients were collected, and NETs infiltration in TBI patients was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Then, a controlled cortical impact device was used to model brain trauma in mice, and Anti-Ly6G, DNase, and CL-amidine were given to reduce the formation of neutrophilic or NETs in TBI mice to evaluate neuronal death and neurological function. Finally, the pathway changes of neuronal pyroptosis induced by NETs after TBI were investigated by administration of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (a key enzyme of NET formation) adenovirus and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha (IRE1α) inhibitors in TBI mice. Results We detected that both peripheral circulating biomarkers of NETs and local NETs infiltration in the brain tissue were significantly increased and had positive correlations with worse intracranial pressure (ICP) and neurological dysfunction in TBI patients. Furthermore, the depletion of neutrophils effectively reduced the formation of NET in mice subjected to TBI. we found that degradation of NETs or inhibition of NET formation significantly inhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis after TBI, whereas these inhibitory effects were abolished by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), an activator of stimulating Interferon genes (STING). Moreover, overexpression of PAD4 in the cortex by adenoviruses could aggravate NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and neurological deficits after TBI, whereas these pro-pyroptotic effects were rescued in mice also receiving STING antagonists. Finally, IRE1α activation was significantly upregulated after TBI, and NET formation or STING activation was found to promote this process. Notably, IRE1α inhibitor administration significantly abrogated NETs-induced NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in TBI mice. Discussion Our findings indicated that NETs could contribute to TBI-induced neurological deficits and neuronal death by promoting NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis. Suppression of the STING/ IRE1α signaling pathway can ameliorate NETs-induced neuronal pyroptotic death after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobin Min
- Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Guili Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Xin Chen, ; Shu Zhang,
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Xin Chen, ; Shu Zhang,
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Xin Chen, ; Shu Zhang,
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