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Kashyap B, Kullaa A. Salivary Metabolites Produced by Oral Microbes in Oral Diseases and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38786754 PMCID: PMC11122927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
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2
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Gürsoy UK, Özdemir Kabalak M, Gürsoy M. Advances in periodontal biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 120:145-168. [PMID: 38762240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to technologic advancements, periodontology has witnessed a boost in biomarker research over the past three decades. Indeed, with the aid of omics, our understanding of the healthy periodontium, pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, and healing after periodontal treatment has improved significantly. Yet, the traditional methods, periodontal probing and radiographies, remain the most common methods to diagnose periodontal disease and monitor treatment. Although these approaches can produce reliable diagnostic outcomes, they generally detect disease only after significant tissue degradation thus making treatment outcome highly uncertain. Accordingly, laboratories worldwide have collaborated with clinicians to design accurate, rapid and cost-effective biomarkers for periodontal disease diagnosis. Despite these efforts, biomarkers that can be widely used in early disease diagnosis and for treatment outcome prediction are far from daily use. The aim of this chapter is to give a general overview on periodontal health and diseases, and review recent advancements in periodontal biomarker research. A second aim will discuss the strengths and limitations of translating periodontal biomarker research to clinical practice. Genetic biomarkers of periodontitis are not discussed as the available confirmatory data is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
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3
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Tonelli A, Lumngwena EN, Ntusi NAB. The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:386-403. [PMID: 36624275 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and expansion of available therapies, the global burden of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high. Important gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms of CVD and determinants of disease progression. In the past decade, much research has been conducted on the human microbiome and its potential role in modulating CVD. With the advent of high-throughput technologies and multiomics analyses, the complex and dynamic relationship between the microbiota, their 'theatre of activity' and the host is gradually being elucidated. The relationship between the gut microbiome and CVD is well established. Much less is known about the role of disruption (dysbiosis) of the oral microbiome; however, interest in the field is growing, as is the body of literature from basic science and animal and human investigations. In this Review, we examine the link between the oral microbiome and CVD, specifically coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, infective endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. We discuss the various mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis contributes to CVD pathogenesis and potential strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tonelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evelyn N Lumngwena
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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4
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Exploiting Conserved Quorum Sensing Signals in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122386. [PMID: 36557639 PMCID: PMC9785397 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial species of the Streptococcus genera are considered either commensal bacteria or potential pathogens, according to their metabolic evolution and production of quorum sensing (QS)-controlled virulence factors. S. mutans, in particular, has become one of the best-studied examples of bacteria that are able to get along or cheat commensal species, even of the same genera. S. mutans and S. pneumoniae share homolog QS pathways and a competence stimulating peptide (CSP) for regulating bacteriocin production. Intriguingly, the abundance of S. pneumoniae and S. mutans alternates in complex microbial communities, thus opening the role for the fratricide communication of homolog QS systems. Since the inhibition of the QS has been proposed in treating bacterial infections, in this study, we designed and synthesized analogs of S. pneumoniae CSP with precise residual modifications. We reported that S. pneumoniae CSP analogs reduced the expression of genes involved in the QS of S. mutans and biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth. The CSP analogs inhibited bacteriocin production in S. mutans, as reported by co-cultures with commensal bacteria of the oral cavity. The peptide CSP1AA, bearing substitutions in the residues involved in QS receptor recognition and activation, reported the most significant quorum-quenching activities. Our findings provide new insights into specific chemical drivers in the CSP sequences controlling the interconnection between S. mutans and S. pneumoniae. We think that the results reported in this study open the way for new therapeutic interventions in controlling the virulence factors in complex microbial communities such as the oral microbiota.
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5
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Chattopadhyay I, Lu W, Manikam R, Malarvili MB, Ambati RR, Gundamaraju R. Can metagenomics unravel the impact of oral bacteriome in human diseases? Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 39:85-117. [PMID: 35861776 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbial ecosystems are vital in maintaining the health of the oral cavity and the entire body. Oral microbiota is associated with the progression of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, head and neck cancer, and several systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, diabetes, lung infection, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Buccal mucosa, tongue dorsum, hard palate, saliva, palatine tonsils, throat, keratinized gingiva, supra-gingival plaque, subgingival plaque, dentures, and lips are microbial habitats of the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis may have a role in the development of periodontal diseases, oral cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerotic disease. Fusobacterium nucleatum showed a higher abundance in periodontal diseases, oral and colon cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The higher abundance of Prevotella intermedia is typical in periodontal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and adverse pregnancy outcome. S. salivarius displayed higher abundance in both dental caries and OSCC. Oral bacteria may influence systemic diseases through inflammation by releasing pro inflammatory cytokines. Identification of oral bacteria using culture-dependent approaches and next-generation sequencing-based metagenomic approaches is believed to significantly identify the therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic indicators in different human diseases. Oral bacteria in saliva could be exploited as a non-invasive diagnostic indicator for the early detection of oral and systemic disorders. Other therapeutic approaches such as the use of probiotics, green tea polyphenol, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) therapy, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, and antimicrobial peptides are used to inhibit the growth of biofilm formation by oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Trauma and Emergency, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M B Malarvili
- School of Biomedical and Health Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ranga Rao Ambati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan`s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER stress and Mucosal immunology lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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6
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Sharma G, Garg N, Hasan S, Shirodkar S. Prevotella: An insight into its characteristics and associated virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105673. [PMID: 35843443 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella species, a gram-negative obligate anaerobe, is commonly associated with human infections such as dental caries and periodontitis, as well as other conditions such as chronic osteomyelitis, bite-related infections, rheumatoid arthritis and intestinal diseases like ulcerative colitis. This generally harmless commensal possesses virulence factors such as adhesins, hemolysins, secretion systems exopolysaccharide, LPS, proteases, quorum sensing molecules and antibiotic resistance to evolve into a well-adapted pathogen capable of causing successful infection and proliferation in the host tissue. This review describes several of these virulence factors and their advantage to Prevotella spp. in causing inflammatory diseases like periodontitis. In addition, using genome analysis of Prevotella reference strains, we examined other putative virulence determinants which can provide insights as biomarkers and be the targets for effective interventions in Prevotella related diseases like periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Nancy Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sheetal Shirodkar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India.
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7
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Mb CS, Ja MF, Ja SB, R VDLR, Jr IR, J MU, C C, N CDC. Structural variations on Salmonella biofilm by exposition to river water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1626-1643. [PMID: 33944621 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1901863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation, as adapting strategies, is the result of stressful conditions that Salmonella faces in hostile environments like surface water. We evaluated river water effect on Salmonella biofilm formation ability in terms of physical, morphological characteristics and chemical composition. A new morphotype SPAM (soft, pink and mucoid) was detected in Oranienburg strains S-76 and S-347 (environmental and clinical isolate). Oranienburg serotypes showed very marked behavior in adherence, pellicle liquid-air and resistance, being Oranienburg S-76 the strongest biofilm producer. All strains when exposed to river water presented an overlapping mucoid layer in the morphotype and increased their motility except Oranienburg S-347. The most motile was Typhimurium (control) and the least Infantis S-304 (clinical isolate). Mannose, glucose, galactose and ribose were the main biofilm sugar components; type and concentration of sugar suggest a morphotype/serotype dependent pattern. Strong morphotypes expressed in this study may be an effective protective strategy for Salmonella in hostile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Contreras-Soto Mb
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Medrano-Félix Ja
- Cátedras CONACYT - Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Sañudo-Barajas Ja
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Vélez-de la Rocha R
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Ibarra-Rodríguez Jr
- Centro de Investigación Oncológica de Sinaloa S. C, Departamento de Investigación Clínica, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Martínez-Urtaza J
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chaidez C
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Castro-Del Campo N
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
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8
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Srivastava A, Mishra S, Garg PK, Dubey AK, Deo SVS, Verma D. Comparative and analytical characterization of the oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4115-4128. [PMID: 35596785 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been well proven for its role in oral carcinogenesis due to the abundance of several carcinogens. However, the role of inhabitant microorganisms in the oral cavity of smokeless tobacco users has not yet been well explored in the context of OSCC. Therefore, the present investigation was conceived to analyze the oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users having OSCC (CP group). With the assistance of illumina-based sequencing of bacterial-specific V3 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA gene, 71,969 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were categorized into 18 phyla and 166 genera. The overall analysis revealed that the oral bacteriome of the patients with OSCC, who were smokeless tobacco users, was significantly different compared to the healthy smokeless tobacco users (HTC group) and non-users (HI users). The appearance of 14 significantly abundant genera [FDR (false discovery rate) adjusted probability value of significance (p value) < 0.05] among the CP group showed the prevalence of tobacco-specific nitrosamines forming bacteria (Staphylococcus, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter). The functional attributes of the oral bacteriome of the CP group can also be correlated with the genes involved in oncogenesis. This study is the first report on the oral bacteriome of Indian patients with OSCC who were chronic tobacco chewers. The results of the present study will pave the way to understand the influence of smokeless tobacco on the oral bacteriome of OSCC patients. KEY POINTS: • Oral bacteriome of OSCC patients differ from healthy smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and SLT non-users. • Smokeless tobacco influences the oral bacteriome of OSCC group. • Oral bacteriome specific diagnostics may be developed for pre-diagnosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- Department of Bio-Statistics and Data Management, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Garg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences and Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dubey
- Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India.
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9
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Puth S, Hong SH, Na HS, Lee HH, Lee YS, Kim SY, Tan W, Hwang HS, Sivasamy S, Jeong K, Kook JK, Ahn SJ, Kang IC, Ryu JH, Koh JT, Rhee JH, Lee SE. A built-in adjuvant-engineered mucosal vaccine against dysbiotic periodontal diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:565-579. [PMID: 30487648 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is associated with a dysbiotic shift in the oral microbiome. Vaccine approaches to prevent microbial shifts from healthy to diseased state in oral biofilms would provide a fundamental therapeutic strategy against periodontitis. Since dental plaque formation is a polymicrobial and multilayered process, vaccines targeting single bacterial species would have limited efficacy in clinical applications. In this study, we developed a divalent mucosal vaccine consisting of a mixture of FlaB-tFomA and Hgp44-FlaB fusion proteins targeting virulence factors of inflammophilic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Introduction of peptide linkers between FlaB and antigen improved the stability and immunogenicity of engineered vaccine antigens. The intranasal immunization of divalent vaccine induced protective immune responses inhibiting alveolar bone loss elicited by F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis infection. The built-in flagellin adjuvant fused to protective antigens enhanced antigen-specific antibody responses and class switch recombination. The divalent vaccine antisera recognized natural forms of surface antigens and reacted with diverse clinical isolates of Fusobacterium subspecies and P. gingivalis. The antisera inhibited F. nucleatum-mediated biofilm formation, co-aggregation of P. gingivalis and Treponema denticola, and P. gingivalis-host cell interactions. Taken together, the built-in adjuvant-engineered mucosal vaccine provides a technological platform for multivalent periodontitis vaccines targeting dysbiotic microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sao Puth
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Hee Hong
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hwa Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Suhk Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sethupathy Sivasamy
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjoon Jeong
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Ki Kook
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology and Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug-Joon Ahn
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chol Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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10
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du Teil Espina M, Gabarrini G, Harmsen HJM, Westra J, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:1-18. [PMID: 30219863 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the roles of microbes in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we address important immunomodulatory processes, including biofilm formation and neutrophil function, which have been implicated in host-microbe interactions relevant for rheumatoid arthritis. Lastly, we present recent advances in the development and evaluation of emerging microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Altogether, we conclude that the key to uncovering the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis will lie in the immunomodulatory functions of the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marines du Teil Espina
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Chattopadhyay I, Verma M, Panda M. Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819867354. [PMID: 31370775 PMCID: PMC6676258 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819867354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancement in cancer treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. To overcome these challenges, investigators should search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. More than 700 bacterial species reside in the oral cavity. The oral microbiome population varies by saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. Tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut, which are causative factors of oral cancer, may alter the oral microbiome composition. Both pathogenic and commensal strains of bacteria have significantly contributed to oral cancer. Numerous bacterial species in the oral cavity are involved in chronic inflammation that lead to development of oral carcinogenesis. Bacterial products and its metabolic by-products may induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that drive proliferation and/or survival of epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular invasion, and migration thorough host cell genomic alterations. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral cancer-related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. It is very important to address which bacterial species is responsible for driving oral carcinogenesis. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware that the protective properties of the resident microflora are beneficial to define treatment strategies. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral cancer and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Madhusmita Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Fteita D, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Ma X, Sintim HO, Gürsoy UK. Quorum sensing molecules regulate epithelial cytokine response and biofilm-related virulence of three Prevotella species. Anaerobe 2018; 54:128-135. [PMID: 30189320 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) signaling regulates the motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation of bacteria, and at the same time activates immune response in eukaryotic organisms. We recently demonstrated that the QS molecule, dihydroxy-2, 3-pentanedione (DPD), and its analogs significantly inhibit estradiol-regulated virulence of Prevotella aurantiaca, one of the four species in the Prevotella intermedia group. Here, we examined the combined effects of estradiol and QS signaling on 1) cytokine response of human gingival keratinocytes (HMK) against whole cell extract (WCE) of P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens, and 2) biofilm formation of these three Prevotella species. All experiments were performed in the presence or absence of estradiol, and with different QS molecules: DPD and its analogs (ethyl-DPD, butyl-DPD, and isobutyl-DPD). Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, and -8 were determined by the Luminex multiplex immunoassay, biofilm mass was quantitatively evaluated by measuring protein concentration via the Bradford method, and the microtopography of biofilms was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated when HMK cells were incubated with estradiol and WCE of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, but decreased when incubated with estradiol and WCE of P. pallens. Butyl-DPD neutralized the estradiol- and WCE-induced regulation of HMK interleukin expression and, at the same time, inhibited the biofilm formation of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. SEM micrographs revealed a decrease in biofilm mass after application of butyl-DPD, which was most detectable among the P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. nigrescens ATCC 33563 and AHN 8293 strains. In conclusion, butyl-DPD analog is able to neutralize the WCE-induced epithelial cytokine response and, at the same time, to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, City of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Xiaochu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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13
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Slullitel PA, Buttaro MA, Greco G, Oñativia JI, Sánchez ML, Mc Loughlin S, García-Ávila C, Comba F, Zanotti G, Piccaluga F. No lower bacterial adhesion for ceramics compared to other biomaterials: An in vitro analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104:439-443. [PMID: 29581066 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is some clinical evidence of ceramic bearings being associated with a lower infection rate after total hip arthroplasty (THA), available data remains controversial since this surface is usually reserved for young, healthy patients. Therefore, we investigated the influence of five commonly used biomaterials on the adhesion potential of four biofilm-producing bacteria usually detected in infected THAs. HYPOTHESIS Ceramic biomaterials exhibit less bacterial adherence than other biomaterials. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vitro research, we evaluated the ability of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to adhere to the surface of a cobalt-chromium metal head, a fourth-generation ceramic head, a fourth-generation ceramic insert, a highly-crossed linked polyethylene insert and a titanium porous-coated acetabular component. After an initial washing step, bacterial separation from the surface of each specimen was done with a vortex agitator. The colony-forming units were counted to determine the number of viable adherent bacteria. RESULTS We found no differences on global bacterial adhesion between the different surfaces (p=0.5). E. coli presented the least adherence potential among the analysed pathogens (p<0.001). The combination of E. coli and S. epidermidis generated an antagonist effect over the adherence potential of S. epidermidis individually (58±4% vs. 48±5%; p=0.007). The combination of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus presented a trend to an increased adherence of P. aeruginosa independently, suggesting an agonist effect (71% vs. 62%; p=0.07). DISCUSSION Ceramic bearings appeared not to be related to a lower bacterial adhesion than other biomaterials. However, different adhesive potentials among bacteria may play a major role on infection's inception. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, in vitro study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Slullitel
- Hip Surgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics 'Carlos E. Ottolenghi', Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M A Buttaro
- Hip Surgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics 'Carlos E. Ottolenghi', Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Greco
- Bacteriology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J I Oñativia
- Hip Surgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics 'Carlos E. Ottolenghi', Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Sánchez
- Infectology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Mc Loughlin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C García-Ávila
- Hip Surgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics 'Carlos E. Ottolenghi', Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Comba
- Hip Surgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics 'Carlos E. Ottolenghi', Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Zanotti
- Hip Surgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics 'Carlos E. Ottolenghi', Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Piccaluga
- Hip Surgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics 'Carlos E. Ottolenghi', Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, ACK1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Yu S, Zhu X, Zhou J, Cai Z. Biofilm inhibition and pathogenicity attenuation in bacteria by Proteus mirabilis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:170702. [PMID: 29765621 PMCID: PMC5936886 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms play an important role in the antibiotic resistance of encased bacteria, and biofilm formation is regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Inhibiting the QS system may, therefore, degrade the integrity of a biofilm and expose the bacterial pathogens within it to the deleterious effects of molecules such as antibiotics. Moreover, the use of QS inhibitors (QSIs) may provide a novel approach for treating bacterial infections of aquacultures. In the present study, the bacterium Proteus mirabilis was identified as a potential producer of QSIs. Varying concentrations (0.1-1.1%) of filtrates prepared from the culture of P. mirabilis inhibited biofilm formation by the pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio harveyi and Staphylococcus aureus by as much as 58.9%, 41.5% and 41.9%, respectively. These filtrates as well as the crude aqueous extracts prepared from them increased the sensitivities of pathogens to the inhibitory effects of kanamycin. The filtrates also showed pathogenicity attenuation potential in P. aeruginosa by decreasing the production of virulence factors. Moreover, the filtrates did not influence the planktonic growth of these pathogens. The results indicate that P. mirabilis may act as a non-specific (or broad-spectrum) inhibitor of biofilm formation that will help control infectious diseases that adversely affect the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Yu
- Shenzhen Public Service Platforms of Marine Microbial Resource Screening and Exploitation, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Service Platforms of Marine Microbial Resource Screening and Exploitation, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Service Platforms of Marine Microbial Resource Screening and Exploitation, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Service Platforms of Marine Microbial Resource Screening and Exploitation, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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15
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Elmanfi S, Ma X, Sintim HO, Könönen E, Syrjänen S, Gursoy UK. Quorum-sensing molecule dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione and its analogs as regulators of epithelial integrity. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:414-421. [PMID: 29344966 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Quorum-sensing molecules regulate the behavior of bacteria within biofilms and at the same time elicit an immune response in host tissues. Our aim was to investigate the regulatory role of dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD), the precursor of universal autoinducer-2 (AI-2), and its analogs (ethyl-DPD, butyl-DPD and isobutyl-DPD) in the integrity of gingival epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human gingival keratinocytes were incubated with four concentrations (10 μmol L-1 , 1 μmol L-1 , 100 nmol L-1 and 10 nmol L-1 ) of DPD and its analogs for 24 hours. The numbers of viable cells were determined using a proliferation kit, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activities were determined by gelatin zymography, and expression of occludin protein and occludin mRNA were determined by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. RESULTS Increased cell proliferation was observed in gingival keratinocytes incubated with 100 nmol L-1 of butyl-DPD. MMP-9 activity was elevated in cells incubated with 10 μmol L-1 of ethyl-DPD. On the other hand, MMP-2 activity did not show any significant change when gingival keratinocytes were incubated with or without DPD or analogs. Western blot analyses demonstrated five forms (105, 61, 52.2, 44 and 37 kDa) of occludin. Incubation with 1 μmol L-1 and 100 nmol L-1 of DPD and with 10 nmol L-1 of ethyl-DPD increased dimeric (105 kDa) forms of occludin, while incubation with 100 nmol L-1 of isobutyl-DPD increased monomeric (61 kDa) forms. DPD and ethyl-DPD decreased, and 100 nmol L-1 of isobutyl-DPD and 10 nmol L-1 of butyl-DPD increased, the monomeric (52.2 kDa and 44 kDa) forms of occludin, whereas ethyl-DPD decreased and isobutyl-DPD increased, the low-molecular-weight (37 kDa) forms. According to RT-qPCR analysis, the exposure of gingival keratinocytes to 10 μmol L-1 of isobutyl-DPD up-regulated expression of occludin. CONCLUSION The results indicate that isobutyl-DPD has the potential to enhance the integrity of the epithelium by stimulating the formation of occluding, without affecting the proliferation or gelatinolytic enzyme activities of the exposed cells. The modulatory effect of an AI-2 analog on the epithelial cell response is shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - X Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - E Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - S Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - U K Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Kambouris ME, Manoussopoulos Y, Kantzanou M, Velegraki A, Gaitanis G, Arabatzis M, Patrinos GP. Rebooting Bioresilience: A Multi-OMICS Approach to Tackle Global Catastrophic Biological Risks and Next-Generation Biothreats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:35-51. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manousos E. Kambouris
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio Patras, Greece
- Department of Food Technology, ATEI of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Yiannis Manoussopoulos
- Plant Protection Division of Patras, Institute of Industrial and Forage Plants, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Kantzanou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Gaitanis
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michalis Arabatzis
- First Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Salli KM, Gürsoy UK, Söderling EM, Ouwehand AC. Effects of Xylitol and Sucrose Mint Products on Streptococcus mutans Colonization in a Dental Simulator Model. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:1153-1159. [PMID: 28717846 PMCID: PMC5596035 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Few laboratory methods exist for evaluating the cariogenicity of food ingredients. In this study, a dental simulator was used to determine the effects of commercial sucrose and xylitol mint products on the adherence and planktonic growth of Streptococcus mutans. Solutions (3% w/v) of sucrose, xylitol, sucrose mints, xylitol mints, xylitol with 0.02% peppermint oil (PO), and 0.02% PO alone were used to test the levels of planktonic and adhered S. mutans. A dental simulator with continuous artificial saliva flow, constant temperature, and mixing was used as a test environment and hydroxyapatite (HA) discs were implemented into the model to simulate the tooth surface. Bacterial content was quantified by qPCR. Compared with the artificial saliva alone, sucrose and sucrose mints increased the numbers of HA-attached S. mutans, whereas xylitol decreased them. Similarly, planktonic S. mutans quantities rose with sucrose and declined with xylitol and xylitol mints. Versus sucrose mints, xylitol mints significantly reduced the counts of HA-bound and planktonic S. mutans. Similar results were observed with the main ingredients of both types of mints separately. PO-supplemented artificial saliva did not influence the numbers of S. mutans that attached to HA or planktonic S. mutans compared with artificial saliva control. In our dental simulator model, xylitol reduced the counts of adhering and planktonic S.mutans. The mints behaved similarly as their pure, main ingredients-sucrose or xylitol, respectively. PO, which has been suggested to have antimicrobial properties, did not influence S. mutans colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Salli
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K. Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva M. Söderling
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Arthur C. Ouwehand
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
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18
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Fteita D, Musrati AA, Könönen E, Ma X, Gürsoy M, Peurla M, Söderling E, Sintim HO, Gürsoy UK. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and quorum sensing signaling in biofilm-related virulence of Prevotella aurantiaca. Anaerobe 2017; 48:152-159. [PMID: 28821458 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme activity contribute to the virulence of oral bacteria, and these virulence factors are partly regulated by quorum sensing signaling system. We recently demonstrated that estradiol regulates growth properties and DPPIV activity of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens. Here, we examined the DPPIV dependency of biofilm formation of Prevotella aurantiaca. Three strains (two clinical strains AHN 37505 and 37552 and the type strain CCUG 57723) were incubated in three estradiol concentrations (30, 90, and 120 nmol/L). Regulation of DPPIV activity, biofilm and fimbria formation, and coaggregation of bacterial strains were analyzed after incubation with four concentrations (10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM) of dihydroxy-2,3-pentaedione (DPD), the universal precursor of autoinducer -2 (AI-2), and analogs (ethyl-DPD, butyl-DPD, and isobutyl-DPD) for 24 h. Estradiol enhanced the planktonic growth, coaggregation, and biofilm formation of P. aurantiaca strains. The whole cell extract of AHN 37505 had the highest DPPIV activity, followed by CCUG 57723 and AHN 37552. Inhibition of DPPIV activity with di-isopropylfluorophosphate suppressed the effect of estradiol on biofilm formation. At 100 nM and 10 μM concentrations of DPD, butyl DPD, and isobutyl DPD, biofilm formation of P. aurantiaca was significantly inhibited. Fimbriae formation was enhanced up to concentrations of 100 nM and 1 μM followed by a significant inhibition at higher concentrations of DPD and all analogs. A slight but significant inhibitory effect of DPD and analogs on DPPIV activity was observed. Our results indicate that DPPIV plays a key role in the estradiol-regulated biofilm formation of P. aurantiaca. Quorum sensing autoinducer DPD and C1-alkyl analogs could inhibit biofilm-related virulence of P. aurantiaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ahmed Ali Musrati
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, City of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Xiaochu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Markus Peurla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Eva Söderling
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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19
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Gürsoy UK, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Sintim HO. Cyclic Dinucleotides in Oral Bacteria and in Oral Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:273. [PMID: 28680857 PMCID: PMC5478684 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity acts as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens for systemic infections and several oral microorganisms have been linked to systemic diseases. Quorum sensing and cyclic dinucleotides, two "decision-making" signaling systems, communicate to regulate physiological process in bacteria. Discovery of cyclic dinucleotides has a long history, but the progress in our understanding of how cyclic dinucleotides regulate bacterial lifestyle is relatively new. Oral microorganisms form some of the most intricate biofilms, yet c-di-GMP, and c-di-AMP signaling have been rarely studied in oral biofilms. Recent studies demonstrated that, with the aid of bacterial messenger molecules and their analogs, it is possible to activate host innate and adaptive immune responses and epithelial integrity with a dose that is relevant to inhibit bacterial virulence mechanisms, such as fimbriae and exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and host cell invasion. The aim of this perspective article is to present available information on cyclic dinucleotides in oral bacteria and in oral biofilms. Moreover, technologies that can be used to detect cyclic dinucleotides in oral biofilms are described. Finally, directions for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi K Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare DivisionCity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, United States
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20
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Pataro AL, Cortelli SC, Abreu MHNG, Cortelli JR, Franco GCN, Aquino DR, Cota LOM, Costa FO. Frequency of periodontal pathogens and Helicobacter pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals submitted to bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:229-38. [PMID: 27383704 PMCID: PMC5019838 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study compared the frequency of oral periodontopathogens and H. pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals with or without periodontitis submitted to bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-four men and women aged 18-65 were conveniently distributed into four groups. Two groups were composed of individuals who underwent bariatric surgery with (BP) (n=40) and without (BNP) (n=39) periodontitis and two obese control groups with (CP) (n=35) and without (CNP) (n=40) periodontitis. The oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, and Helicobacter pylori were detected by a polymerase chain reaction technique using saliva, tongue and stomach biopsy samples. RESULTS Statistical analysis demonstrated that periodontopathogens were highly frequent in the mouth (up to 91.4%). In the bariatric surgically treated group, orally, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia were more frequent in periodontitis, while C. rectus was more frequent in non-periodontitis subjects. Stomach biopsies also revealed the high frequency of five oral species in both candidates for bariatric surgery (91.6%) and the bariatric (83.3%) groups. H. pylori was frequently detected in the mouth (50.0%) and stomach (83.3%). In the stomach, oral species and H. pylori appeared in lower frequency in the bariatric group. CONCLUSIONS Obese individuals showed high frequencies of periodontopathogens and H. pylori in their mouths and stomachs. Bariatric surgery showed an inverse microbial effect on oral and stomach environments by revealing higher oral and lower stomach bacterial frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Pataro
- - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Periodontia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
- - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - José Roberto Cortelli
- - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gilson Cesar Nobre Franco
- - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil.,- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Patofisiologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Davi Romeiro Aquino
- - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luis Otavio Miranda Cota
- - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Periodontia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Periodontia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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21
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Gursoy UK, Könönen E. Editorial: Use of Saliva in Diagnosis of Periodontitis: Cumulative Use of Bacterial and Host-Derived Biomarkers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:196. [PMID: 28066728 PMCID: PMC5177606 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi K Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland; Oral Health Care, Welfare DivisionTurku, Finland
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22
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Klug B, Santigli E, Westendorf C, Tangl S, Wimmer G, Grube M. From Mouth to Model: Combining in vivo and in vitro Oral Biofilm Growth. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1448. [PMID: 27708626 PMCID: PMC5030783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral biofilm studies based on simplified experimental setups are difficult to interpret. Models are limited mostly by the number of bacterial species observed and the insufficiency of artificial media. Few studies have attempted to overcome these limitations and to cultivate native oral biofilm. Aims: This study aimed to grow oral biofilm in vivo before transfer to a biofilm reactor for ex situ incubation. The in vitro survival of this oral biofilm and the changes in bacterial composition over time were observed. Methods: Six human enamel-dentin slabs embedded buccally in dental splints were used as biofilm carriers. Fitted individually to the upper jaw of 25 non-smoking male volunteers, the splints were worn continuously for 48 h. During this time, tooth-brushing and alcohol-consumption were not permitted. The biofilm was then transferred on slabs into a biofilm reactor and incubated there for 48 h while being nourished in BHI medium. Live/dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to observe bacterial survival over four points in time: directly after removal (T0) and after 1 (T1), 24 (T2), and 48 h (T3) of incubation. Bacterial diversity at T0 and T3 was compared with 454-pyrosequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to show specific taxa. Survival curves were calculated with a specially designed MATLAB script. Acacia and QIIME 1.9.1 were used to process pyrosequencing data. SPSS 21.0 and R 3.3.1 were used for statistical analysis. Results: After initial fluctuations at T1, survival curves mostly showed approximation of the bacterial numbers to the initial level at T3. Pyrosequencing analysis resulted in 117 OTUs common to all samples. The genera Streptococcus and Veillonella (both Firmicutes) dominated at T0 and T3. They make up two thirds of the biofilm. Genera with lower relative abundance had grown significantly at T3. FISH analysis confirmed the pyrosequencing results, i.e., the predominant staining of Firmicutes. Conclusion: We demonstrate the in vitro survival of native primary oral biofilm in its natural complexity over 48 h. Our results offer a baseline for cultivation studies of native oral biofilms in (phyto-) pharmacological and dental materials research. Further investigations and validation of culturing conditions could also facilitate the study of biofilm-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klug
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of GrazGraz, Austria; Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Santigli
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationVienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Wimmer
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Preventive and Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz Graz, Austria
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He Z, Huang Z, Zhou W, Tang Z, Ma R, Liang J. Anti-biofilm Activities from Resveratrol against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1065. [PMID: 27458454 PMCID: PMC4932316 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that plays an important role in dental plaque biofilm formation. In this study, we evaluate the effect of resveratrol, a phytoalexin compound, on F. nucleatum biofilm formation. The effects of different concentrations of resveratrol on biofilms formed on 96-well microtiter plates at different time points were determined by the MTT assay. The structures and thicknesses of the biofilm were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and gene expression was investigated by real-time PCR. The results showed that resveratrol at sub-MIC levels can significantly decrease biofilm formation, whereas it does not affect the bacterial growth rate. It was observed by CLSM images that the biofilm was visually decreased with increasing concentrations of resveratrol. Gene expression was down regulated in the biofilm in the presence of resveratrol. Our results revealed that resveratrol can effectively inhibit biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan He
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Zisheng Tang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Liang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shanghai, China
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