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Altalhi AM, AlNajdi LN, Al-Harbi SG, Aldohailan AM, Al-Ghadeer JY, Al-Bahrani JI, Al-Gahnem ZJ, Alenezi AH, Al-Majid A. Laser Therapy Versus Traditional Scaling and Root Planing: A Comparative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e61997. [PMID: 38983988 PMCID: PMC11232094 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Scaling and root planing (SRP) removes bacterial plaque, calculus, and associated microorganisms from the surface of the tooth and the surrounding soft tissue. While complete eradication of pathogenic microbes is impossible, gross removal can lower the microbial load, which in turn reduces inflammation and contributes to positive clinical outcomes. Instrumentation in limited-access anatomic areas like furcation, grooves, deep pockets, concavities, and distal molar areas is technically demanding with traditional mechanical debridement. However, emerging advanced systems such as lasers with bactericidal and detoxification effects offer the benefit of reaching limited-access areas that traditional SRP cannot reach. A digitized search was done on PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar using the keywords "lasers", "periodontal therapy", "scaling", and "root planing". Upon screening and reviewing, the shortlisted articles comprised narrative reviews, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, comparative studies, split-mouth studies, case series, and reports of non-surgical laser therapy and lasers as an adjunct to SRP. This review presents a comprehensive comparative evaluation of different laser modalities utilized in non-surgical periodontal treatment in contrast to standard SRP, rather than an exhaustive article review. It delves into the history and development of lasers, highlighting key advancements made in the realm of periodontics and dental care. This review includes an elucidation of the theory behind laser operation, along with an exploration of its intrinsic characteristics and breakdown of the various types of lasers that are currently available, and an examination of existing literature in both present and historical contexts regarding the comparison of various types of lasers with traditional periodontal treatment.
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Rajagopal A, Varghese J, Bhat V, Acharya V, Kamath V. Anti-infective Efficacy of Mechanical Debridement with Adjunctive Modalities on Clinical and Cytokine Parameters in Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:526-533. [PMID: 37848071 PMCID: PMC11132771 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal debridement involves conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) along with variant forms of adjunctive therapies. In the present clinical trial, we investigated if the adjunctive use of HybenX gel or diode laser along with SRP could provide a favorable outcome for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study involved 60 subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis who were randomly assigned as test groups (laser or HybenX) or control group (SRP alone). The primary outcomes of the clinical trial were pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), which was evaluated at baseline and at third-month time interval. Additionally, secondary outcomes included estimation of reduction in inflammatory mediators interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and third-month intervals. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Normality determination was checked using Shapiro-Wilk test. Since the data was not normally distributed, nonparametric tests were applied. The comparison of clinical parameters between the groups was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Wilcoxon sign rank test was used to compare the pairwise comparison of clinical parameters among the groups from baseline to third-month follow-up. The inflammatory mediators at various time points were compared using a One-way analysis of variance test, and the inflammatory mediators in each study group were compared using a paired t-test. RESULTS Both the test groups demonstrated a decrease in PPD and CAL. However, the HybenX group exhibited statistically significant reduction at the end of the third-month study interval compared to the laser group and SRP alone. Further, the secondary outcome IL-1β and TNF-α analysis exhibited statistically significant reduction in all the groups posttherapy. CONCLUSION The adjunctive application of HybenX gel yielded an advantage compared to laser and SRP for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adjunctive use of the oral tissue desiccant (HybenX gel) combined with SRP improved the periodontal pocket disinfection process and enhanced tissue healing devoid of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjale Rajagopal
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jothi Varghese
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinutha Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vibha Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak Kamath
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Alghafri M, Fadhul I, Shah M, Hakam A, Tawse-Smith A, Alsabeeha NHM, Atieh MA. Diode laser as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis: Arandomized controlled trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38659231 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess clinical and patient reported outcomes of subgingival instrumentation (SI) with adjunctive use of diode laser (DL) versus SI alone in the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS Participants requiring non-surgical periodontal treatment were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: SI with DL or SI alone. Clinical parameters [full mouth bleeding and plaque scores (FMBS and FMPS), probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level] were recorded at baseline, three and 6 months post-treatment. Visual analogue scale was used to evaluate postoperative participants' perception of pain, swelling, bleeding, bruising and root sensitivity. The impact of periodontal treatment on quality of life was assessed using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) at 6 months. RESULTS A total of 22 participants with stage III/IV periodontitis completed the 6-month follow-up. SI with or without DL resulted in statistically significant reduction in FMBS, FMPS, PPDs, and percentage of PPDs of ≥5 mm at 3- and 6-month follow-up visits (p = 0.001 to <0.001). The participants in SI/DL group had a greater reduction in the percentage of deep PPDs (≥5 mm) compared to those receiving SI alone, but statistically significant differences between the two groups were not observed (16.40 ± 9.57 vs. 32.50 ± 38.76 at 3 months and 7.20 ± 6.86 vs. 19.50 ± 35.06 at 6 months). The difference in the mean total GOHAI scores was not statistically significant at 6 months with total GOHAI scores of 7.25 ± 2.45 and 5.40 ± 3.06 for SI and SI/DL groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the use of DL as an adjunct to SI in the treatment of stage III/IV periodontitis did not produce significant additional improvement in clinical parameters or patient reported outcomes in the 6-month observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Alghafri
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Israa Fadhul
- Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maanas Shah
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Hakam
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrew Tawse-Smith
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nabeel H M Alsabeeha
- Department of Dental Services, Emirates Health Services, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Momen A Atieh
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Anwar SK, Hafez AM, Roshdy YS. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of intra-pocket application of diode laser in grade C periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:270. [PMID: 38395824 PMCID: PMC10893689 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a microbially induced disease destroying structures anchoring teeth to jaw bones. Although metronidazole in combination with spiramycin is the effective conventional treatment of stage III grade C periodontitis, it has several systemic side effects. Laser therapy is widely used nowadays as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) to modulate inflammatory host response and eradicate microbes, due to bactericidal and detoxifying effects. Since microbiological analysis is one of the diagnostic methods identifying periodontal risk; our research aimed to investigate the efficacy of intra-pocket application of diode laser (980 nm) versus antibiotic therapy in enhancing clinical and microbiological parameters in stage III grade C periodontitis. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on fifty patients with stage III grade C periodontitis, divided equally into two groups. We managed test group by SRP with intra-pocket application of diode laser (980 nm) and the control group by SRP with systemic antibiotic administration (spiramycin and metronidazole). Then, we measured periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) for both groups, before treatment (baseline), four and twelve weeks after. Moreover, we collected gingival crevicular fluid from both groups at baseline, four and twelve weeks after treatment and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the relative count of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porhyromonas gingivalis. RESULTS Compared to baseline, all assessed clinical and microbiological parameters attested improvement at the end of the study period in each group individually with no significant difference between the two studied groups. Although, at twelve weeks, flare up of bacterial levels was detected with systemic antibiotic administration. CONCLUSION Laser therapy can be considered as an effective treatment modality in stage III grade C periodontitis, avoiding the systemic antibiotic side effects and solving the recurrence problems due to bacterial resistance by long term usage. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05222737 retrospectively on 03/02/2022, Clinicaltrial.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souzy Kamal Anwar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Amira Mohamed Hafez
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Yara Safwat Roshdy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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Markou N, Pepelassi E, Madianos P, Simopoulou M, Karoussis IK. Systemic inflammatory markers following adjunctive Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser irradiation to step 2 of periodontal therapy: a 12-month, randomized, controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6925-6935. [PMID: 37816915 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of adjunctive Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser irradiation to full-mouth scaling and root planing (FM-SRP) may offer additional benefit in the systemic inflammatory status of the patient, as depicted in a variety of systemic biomarkers over FM-SRP alone, up to 12 months after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 otherwise healthy stage III/IV periodontal patients were equally distributed in 3 groups. The control group received FM-SRP. In laser A group, 1 week after FM-SRP, Nd:YAG laser irradiation was delivered in periodontal pockets with PD ≥ 4 mm using specific settings (3 W, 150 mJ, 20 Hz, 100 μs). In laser B group Nd:YAG laser irradiation was delivered twice, 1 week after FM-SRP and 1 week later with different settings compared to laser A (2 W, 200 mJ, 10 Hz, 100 μs). RESULTS A significant reduction (p = 0.038) of IL-1β serum levels at the 6-month time point was observed for laser A group. IL-6 was found statistically significantly increased (p = 0.011) in the control group at the 6-week time point, whereas no difference was reported for the laser-treated groups (laser A, laser B). CONCLUSIONS The adjunctive use of Nd:YAG laser irradiation, prevented from IL-6 increase after FM-SRP, 6 weeks after treatment. Similarly, Nd:YAG laser irradiation (3 W, 150 mJ, 20 Hz,100 μs) was associated with significantly lower IL-1β levels, 6 months post-operatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Additional Nd:YAG laser application to FM-SRP may provide a potential beneficial effect on systemic inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN26692900. REGISTRATION DATE 09/06/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Markou
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Periodontology, 401 Athens Military Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eudoxie Pepelassi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Phoebus Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Karoussis
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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AlZoubi IA. An Overview of the Systematic Evidence on the Adjunctive Use of Laser Therapy in Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment. Cureus 2023; 15:e44268. [PMID: 37772214 PMCID: PMC10529468 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview aimed to recapitulate the evidence related to laser application in non-surgical periodontal treatment along with conventional periodontal treatment for optimum clinical practice based on the available systematic reviews (SRs). An advanced literature search in the English language was conducted in the PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases from January 2000 to October 2022. Two independent reviewers screened all the databases and extracted the data in duplicate. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed with the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) guideline for SRs. Cohen's kappa statistics were performed to assess the level of agreement for the assessment of the risk of bias. A total of 556 studies (PubMed = 115, Scopus = 66, ScienceDirect = 298, and MEDLINE = 77) were identified after the initial search using the keywords from different databases. After removing the duplicates and assessing the full manuscripts, a total of 24 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria for the current overview. A total of three, four, 12, and five systematic reviews were classified as high, moderate, low, and critically low-quality SRs as per the AMSTAR 2 quality assessment tool. Cohen's Kappa statistics showed perfect (𝛋 =1.000) agreement between the two reviewers. Adjunctive laser therapy along with conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment might be effective in short-term treatment outcomes; however, evidence of long-term effects is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A AlZoubi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Al Jouf, SAU
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ALHarthi SS, Ali D, Alamry NZ, Alshehri MK, Divakar DD, BinShabaib MS. Photobiomodulation for Managing "Dry Socket": A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int Dent J 2023; 73:267-273. [PMID: 35803777 PMCID: PMC10023530 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no studies that have evaluated the effect of Alveogyl with and without adjunct photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing self-rated post-operative pain (SPP) in patients with alveolar osteitis (AO; dry socket). The aim of the present randomised controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of Alveogyl with and without PBMT for the management of SPP in patients with AO. METHODS Adult nonsmokers with diagnosed AO were included. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. In Group 1, patients underwent mechanical curettage (MC) with copious normal saline irrigation. In Group 2, patients underwent MC + Alveogyl dressings in extraction sites which were changed every 48 hours until cessation of pain. In Group 3, patients underwent MC + Alveogyl followed by PBMT using a 660-nm indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide diode laser. In Group 4, patients were treated solely with PBMT. The visual analogue scale was used up to 3 postoperative days to assess SPP up to 3 days at 6- (T0) and 12-hour (T1) intervals. Statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. Correlation between SPP scores and age, sex, and eruption status of teeth was assessed using logistic regression models. P values <.01 were nominated as being statistically significant. RESULTS In all, 14, 13, 14, and 14 individuals with AO were included in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. All patients had undergone extraction of mandibular third molars. At baseline and on day 1, there was no difference in SPP in all groups. On days 2 and 3, mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at T1 (P < .01) and T2 (P < .01) intervals were significantly high in Group 2 compared with Group 3. On days 2 and 3, mean VAS scores at T1 (P < .01) and T2 (P < .01) intervals were significantly high in Group 4 compared with Group 3. There was no difference in SPP in groups 3 and 4 on day 3 at T0 and T1 intervals. CONCLUSIONS PBMT following MC and Alveogyl dressing is more efficient in reducing SPP compared with MC with or without Alveogyl dressing in patients with AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha S ALHarthi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dena Ali
- Department of General Dental Practice, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Nujud Zayed Alamry
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed K Alshehri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan D Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Munerah S BinShabaib
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Dembowska E, Samulak R, Jędrzychowska A, Dołęgowska B. Effects of a 980 nm Diode Laser as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Periodontal Status and Inflammatory Markers in Patients After Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:532-542. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Renata Samulak
- Department of Periodontology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adriana Jędrzychowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Ohsugi Y, Hatasa M, Katagiri S, Hirota T, Shimohira T, Shiba T, Komatsu K, Tsuchiya Y, Fukuba S, Lin P, Toyoshima K, Maekawa S, Niimi H, Iwata T, Aoki A. High-frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation inhibits bone resorption in mice with ligature-induced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1275-1288. [PMID: 35817415 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to elucidate the suppressive effect of high-frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation on bone resorption and its biological effects for gene expression and microbiome composition on the gingival tissue in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ligating ligature around the teeth and/or laser irradiation was performed on the gingival tissue in mice as follows: Co (no ligature and no laser irradiation), Li (ligation without laser irradiation), La (no ligature but with laser irradiation), and LiLa (ligation with laser irradiation). Bone resorption was evaluated using micro-computed tomography. RNA-seq analysis was performed on gingival tissues of all four groups at 3 days post ligation. The differences in microbial composition between Li and LiLa were evaluated based on the number of 16S rRNA gene sequences. RESULTS Bone resorption caused by ligation was significantly suppressed by laser irradiation. RNA-seq in Co and La gingival tissue revealed many differentially expressed genes, suggesting diode laser irradiation altered gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed mTORC1 signaling and E2F target gene sets were enriched in gingival tissues both in La and LiLa compared to that in Co and Li, respectively. The amount of extracted DNA from ligatures was reduced by laser irradiation, and bacterial network structure was altered between the Li and LiLa. CONCLUSIONS High-frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation showed biological effects and suppressed bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatasa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fukuba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Toyoshima
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Dembowska E, Jaroń A, Homik-Rodzińska A, Gabrysz-Trybek E, Bladowska J, Trybek G. Comparison of the Treatment Efficacy of Endo−Perio Lesions Using a Standard Treatment Protocol and Extended by Using a Diode Laser (940 nm). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030811. [PMID: 35160262 PMCID: PMC8836831 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal and periapical periodontal diseases cause massive destruction of tooth tissues and surrounding tissues, such as alveolar bone and maxillary sinus floor, visible on radiographs. Lesions involving the apical and marginal periodontium are endo−perio (EPL) lesions. This study aimed to compare the treatment efficacy of endo−perio lesions using a standard treatment protocol and a standard diode laser-assisted treatment protocol. The 12 patients were divided into the study (a) and control (b) group. Periodontal indices, tooth vitality and mobility, occlusal status, and radiographic diagnosis were evaluated. Standard EPL treatment was then performed—without (a) and with (b) the use of diode laser (940 nm). Again, after six months, the above-mentioned parameters were evaluated and compared. The treatment of endo−perio lesions is a significant challenge for modern dentistry. Diode lasers are increasingly used in addition to traditional treatment methods. The conventional use of a 940 nm diode laser with an average power of 0.8 W in pulsed mode allows for the depth of periodontal pockets to be reduced. In addition, the use of a diode laser has a significant effect on tooth mobility and reduces bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.D.); (A.H.-R.)
| | - Aleksandra Jaroń
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Ewa Gabrysz-Trybek
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bladowska
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Trybek
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Theodoro LH, Marcantonio RAC, Wainwright M, Garcia VG. LASER in periodontal treatment: is it an effective treatment or science fiction? Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e099. [PMID: 34586213 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several studies that evaluate the use of lasers in periodontal treatment in non-surgical or surgical therapy. However, while several studies showed clinically beneficial effects of some lasers in periodontal treatment, there are few clinical reports of additional advantages of lasers as adjunctive treatments in periodontology. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate and critically analyze the level of scientific evidence of effects of low-level lasers and high-power lasers in periodontology. A narrative review of the studies was carried out in each topic and type of laser or periodontal treatment. In nonsurgical periodontal therapy the results showed that there is an additional clinical benefit when using a diode laser (DL) associated with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. The Er:YAG laser seems to be the most suitable for nonsurgical periodontal therapy and promotes the same clinical effects as conventional therapy. In periodontal surgery vaporization of the gingival or mucosal tissue can be carried out with DL, CO2, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Photobiomodulation (PBM), mediated by low-level lasers associated with non-surgical periodontal therapy, promotes additional benefits in the short term and accelerates the bone and gingival tissue repair process and also reduces postoperative symptoms of periodontal surgery. The effect of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy is relevant in the initial reevaluation periods. Studies have shown controversial results of the use of lasers in periodontics, and this fact may be due to the lack of standard parameters of irradiation in each clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Helena Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Wainwright
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education - Ilapeo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Dalvi S, Khetal N, Ansari S, Benedicenti S, Hanna R. Utilization of 810 nm Diode Laser Treatment in Periodontitis as an Alternative to Surgical Debridement Approach. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:566-573. [PMID: 33720429 DOI: 10.1111/php.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of surgical periodontal may be compromised by inadequate patients' self-performed plaque control or lack of supportive periodontal therapy. This clinical case report aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 810 nm diode laser-assisted full-mouth sulcular debridement, as a potential treatment modality in the management of chronic periodontitis along with a 12-month follow-up evaluation. Each periodontal pocket was lased within 2 mm of deepest point, using a light contact of "hot tip" of the fiber with tissue [Average power-1W, emission mode-continuous wave, in "contact", beam diameter-400 µm, spot area at tissue-0.0013 cm2 , fluence-124.9 J cm-2 , power density-796 W cm-2 , total energy-300 J, total treatment duration-300 s (5 min)]. The patient was followed up to 12 months and did not report any immediate or delayed complications such as any sign of photothermal damage, pain, tissue swelling and deformation, bleeding and infection. 810 nm diode laser-assisted sulcular debridement at low-power settings showed overall clinical and radiographic improvements and can be deemed as a potential alternative to surgical debridement approach, in persistent moderate periodontal pockets (4-6 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namrata Khetal
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Salman Ansari
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Ibraheem WI, S Preethanath R, Devang Divakar D, Al-Askar M, Al-Kheraif AA. Effect of tongue piercing on periodontal and peri-implant health: A cross-sectional case-control study in adults. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:282-290. [PMID: 33773044 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesize that periodontal and peri-implant inflammatory parameters are poorer in adult patients with tongue piercing compared with controls. The aim was to assess the influence of tongue piercing on periodontal and peri-implant health status in adults. METHODS Test and control groups comprised of individuals with and without tongue piercing, respectively. A questionnaire was used to collect information about gender, age, duration of tongue piercing and implants in function, jaw location of the implant, reasoning for wearing the tongue ornament, and oral hygiene and ornament cleaning habits. Full-mouth and peri-implant plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) and marginal/crestal bone loss (MBL and CBL, respectively) on mesial and distal surfaces of teeth/implants were recorded. The material (plastic or metal) from which, the bar and ball-ends of the ornament were fabricated was also recorded. A p < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Forty-eight and 49 individuals were included in the test and control groups, respectively. There was no difference in PI, GI, PD, CAL and MBL (mesial and distal) among individuals in the test and control groups. In the test group, peri-implant PI (p < 0.01), GI (p < 0.01), PD (p < 0.01) and mesial (p < 0.01) and distal (p < 0.01) CBL were significantly higher in the anterior mandible compared with implants in other jaw locations. In the control group, there was no difference in peri-implant PI, GI, PD and CBL around implants placed in both jaws. CONCLUSION Wearing tongue piercings could increase the risks of periodontal and peri-implant diseases particularly in the mandibular anterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Ibraheem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reghunathan S Preethanath
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Al-Askar
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Salvi GE, Stähli A, Schmidt JC, Ramseier CA, Sculean A, Walter C. Adjunctive laser or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to non-surgical mechanical instrumentation in patients with untreated periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 47 Suppl 22:176-198. [PMID: 31859395 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the adjunctive effects of lasers or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to non-surgical mechanical instrumentation alone in untreated periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two focused questions were addressed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome criteria as follows: in patients with untreated periodontitis, (a) does laser application provide adjunctive effects on probing pocket depth (PPD) changes compared with non-surgical instrumentation alone? and (b) does application of aPDT provide adjunctive effects on PPD changes compared with non-surgical instrumentation alone? Both randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were included. Results of the meta-analysis are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Out of 1,202 records, 10 articles for adjunctive laser and 8 for adjunctive aPDT were included. With respect to PPD changes, 1 meta-analysis including 2 articles (total n = 42; split-mouth design) failed to identify a statistically significant difference (WMD = 0.35 mm; 95%CI: -0.04/0.73; p = .08) in favour of adjunctive aPDT (wavelength range 650-700 nm). In terms of adjunctive laser application, a high variability of clinical outcomes at 6 months was noted. Two articles included patient-reported outcomes and 10 reported on the presence/absence of harms/adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence on adjunctive therapy with lasers and aPDT is limited by (a) the low number of controlled studies and (b) the heterogeneity of study designs. Patient-reported benefits remain to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Salvi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia C Schmidt
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph A Ramseier
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Soi S, Bains VK, Srivastava R, Madan R. Comparative evaluation of improvement in periodontal and glycemic health status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after scaling and root planing with or without adjunctive use of diode laser. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1307-1315. [PMID: 33521870 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal treatment in diabetic patients reduces systemic inflammatory burden and hence should be closely coordinated with the patient's overall clinical diabetic management. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser (DL) (Biolase EpicTM, 940 nm, Irvine, CA, USA) as an adjunct to scaling root and planing (SRP) on periodontal health and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients suffering from generalized chronic periodontitis (CP), currently, stage II or above/grade B or C periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY After initial screening of 55 T2DM patients, a total of 44 T2DM-CP patients (between the age group of 30 and 65 years) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. The groups were divided into control group (n=22), treated with scaling and root planing alone (SRP alone), and experimental group (n=22), treated with scaling and root planing along with laser therapy (SRP + DL). Laser irradiation was accomplished at perio pocket setting of 0.8 W (average) in a pulse interval of 1.0 ms and pulse length of 1.0 ms delivering 24 J of energy using a 300-μm fiber optic delivery system. RESULTS Thirty-seven out of 44 enrolled T2DM-CP patients completed the study. Both treatment modalities, i.e., SRP alone and SRP+DL resulted in mean significant (p < 0.001) improvement in periodontal health parameters (plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) and glycemic level (RBS, FBS, and HbA1c) in T2DM-CP patients after 6 months, and was higher in SRP+DL group in comparison to SRP alone. Among the periodontal health parameters, the mean PPD reduction and CAL gain were 51.78% and 48.26% in control as compared to 61.56% and 62.54% in experimental group respectively, whereas the mean significant reduction in HbA1c was 13.8% in SRP alone and 22.52% in SRP+DL group after 6 months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Periodontal treatment involving SRP+DL contributes to improved periodontal health parameters and HbA1c level in T2DM-CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunakshi Soi
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, 233, Tiwari Ganj, Faizabad Road, Chinhat, Lucknow, UP, 226028, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Bains
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, 233, Tiwari Ganj, Faizabad Road, Chinhat, Lucknow, UP, 226028, India.
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, 233, Tiwari Ganj, Faizabad Road, Chinhat, Lucknow, UP, 226028, India
| | - Rohit Madan
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, 233, Tiwari Ganj, Faizabad Road, Chinhat, Lucknow, UP, 226028, India
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Abuderman AWA, Muzaheed. Antibacterial effectiveness of scaling and root planing with and without photodynamic therapy against Campylobacter rectus counts in the oral biofilm of patients with periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102170. [PMID: 33401024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that scaling and root planning (SRP) with adjunct photodynamic therapy (PDT) is more effective in reducing Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) from the oral biofilm (OB) among patients with periodontitis, than SRP alone. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of SRP with and without adjunct PDT in reducing OB C. rectus counts of patients with periodontitis. METHODS Chronic gastritis patients diagnosed with periodontitis were included. Therapeutically, the patients were divided into 2-groups. Patients in the test- and control-groups underwent SRP with and without adjunct PDT, respectively. In both groups, full-mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured and subgingival OB counts of C. rectus were measured at baseline and 12-weeks after treatment. Data normality was assessed and group-comparisons were done using the paired t-test and Man-Whitney U tests. A type-1 error rate of 5 % was used. RESULTS Thirty patients with periodontitis were included. All patients had Grade-B/Stage-II periodontitis. All participants were male with no significant difference in age. At baseline PI, BOP, PD and MBL were comparable in both groups. Counts of C. rectus in the subgingival OB samples were similar in both groups at baseline. At 12-weeks of follow-up, PI (P < 0.01), GI (P < 0.01) and PD (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the control- compared with the test-group compared with baseline. The percentages of C. rectus -positive individuals were higher in the control- than the test-group at 12-weeks' (P < 0.01). At 12-weeks' follow-up the percentages of C. rectus -positive patients were comparable with their respective baseline percentages in the control-group. CONCLUSION Compared with SRP alone, adjuvant use of PDT is more efficient in eliminating C. rectus in the OB and reducing clinical parameters in patients with grade-B/Stage-II periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab Ali Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of adjunctive diode laser in the non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:939-950. [PMID: 33387078 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the present randomized clinical trials (RCTs) regarding the clinical efficacy of a diode laser (DL) adjuvant to scaling and root planning (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) who have diabetes mellitus (DM). Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, Web of Science, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Databases) were searched. A meta-analysis was implemented to evaluate periodontal parameters including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) as primary outcomes. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plaque index (PI), and the gingival index (GI) were also observed as secondary outcomes. Independent scanning of 239 papers resulted in 9 RCTs. Moderate evidence demonstrated that the test groups showed significant benefits for PD reduction, CAL gain, and HbA1c reduction after 3 and 6 months. Significant differences in PI and GI reduction were not found except for GI reduction within 1 month. The collective evidence suggested that the DL with SRP had significant improvements in clinical results compared to SRP alone. Based on our results, the DL could be a recommended therapy for patients with CP who have DM.
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In vivo investigation of diode laser application on red complex bacteria in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a split-mouth randomised control trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21311. [PMID: 33277607 PMCID: PMC7718262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the efficacy of a single 810 nm diode laser application as an adjunctive treatment modality during the first intervention of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NPT). 25 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis underwent a split-mouth randomised control trial. The periodontal pockets of the test quadrants were treated with an 810 nm diode laser as an adjunct to NPT (Picasso GaAlAs; AMD Lasers). The laser was set at 1.0 W continuous wave, 400 µm tip, 796 W/cm2 peak power density and a 32 J/cm2 energy density. Therapeutic outcomes were evaluated based on the clinical parameters, which included probing pocket depth, recession, clinical attachment level, full mouth plaque score, full mouth bleeding on probing and tooth mobility. The baseline bacterial collection was completed from the periodontal pockets and then re-evaluated at 6 weeks. Clinical parameters demonstrated no statistical difference, with the exception of a statistically significant (P < 0.05) reduction in bleeding on probing for the test side. The test side resulted in a statistical increase of Capnocytophagaspecies and Treponemadenticola. The single application of the diode laser did not significantly improve the bacterial nor the clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Trial registration number: PACTR201909915338276.
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Effectiveness of single versus multiple sessions of photodynamic therapy as adjunct to scaling and root planing on periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients with periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102035. [PMID: 33011399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Al-Zawawi AS, Bukhari IA, Bello-Correa FO, Sheikh SA, Albaijan R, Vohra F. Influence of root debridement with adjunct photodynamic therapy on periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid cortisol levels among patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102076. [PMID: 33152543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of scaling and root planing (SRP) with adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cortisol levels in type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontitis. METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight patients with periodontitis (64 with and 64 without type-2 diabetes mellitus, respectively) were included. In the test- and control-groups, patients underwent SRP with and without aPDT, respectivey. In both groups, plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), marginal bone loss (MBL) and GCF volume and cortisol levels were assessed at baseline and three and six-months after SRP with or without aPDT. The aPDT was performed at baseline using methylene blue and photobiomodulation. The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to assess data normality; and group-comparisons were done. P-values, which were below 0.01 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS Sixty-four type-2 diabetic patients with and 64 non-diabetic patients with periodontitis were included. All individuals had Stage-III/Grade-C periodontitis. Among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), there was no statistically significant difference in hemoblobin A1c, PI, GI, PD, CAL and MBL at baseline and at 3- and 6-months intervals. Amongst diabetic patietns, there was no difference in the GCF volume and cortisol levels in the test- and control-groups at all time intervals. In non-diabetic patients, there was a significqnt reductionin GCF volume and cortisol levels when SRP was done with aPDT than when SRP was carried out as the sole treatment strategy CONCLUSION: Among non-diabetic patients, SRP with aPDT helps reduce periodontal inflammation and GCF cortisol levels for up to 6-months; however poorly-controlled DM compromises the beneficial effects of this treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S Al-Zawawi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishfaq A Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernanda O Bello-Correa
- Department of Dentistry, Life Sciecnes Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Saeed A Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refal Albaijan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Javed F, Al-Zawawi AS, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Mehmood A, Divakar DD, Al-Kheraif AA. Periodontal Conditions and Whole Salivary IL-17A and -23 Levels among Young Adult Cannabis sativa (Marijuana)-Smokers, Heavy Cigarette-Smokers and Non-Smokers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207435. [PMID: 33066031 PMCID: PMC7601049 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, prevalence of marijuana-use has doubled in the past 2 decades. The aim was to compare the periodontal conditions and whole-salivary IL-17A and IL-23 levels among young adult marijuana-smokers, heavy cigarette-smokers and non-smokers. Self-reported marijuana-smokers, heavy-cigarette-smokers, non-smokers with periodontitis and periodontally-healthy non-smokers were included. Demographic data was recorded and full-mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL), marginal bone loss (MBL) and missing teeth were recorded. Levels of IL-17A and IL-23 levels were measured in the whole saliva. p < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Fifteen-marijuana-smokers, 15 heavy-cigarette-smokers, 16 non-smokers-with-periodontitis and 15 periodontally-healthy-non-smokers) were included. The clinicoradiographic parameters were worse among marijuana-smokers (p < 0.01), cigarette-smokers (p < 0.01) and non-smokers-with-periodontitis (p < 0.01) than periodontally-healthy-non-smokers. Marijuana- and cigarette-smokers had Stage-IV/Grade C and non-smokers with periodontitis had Stage-III/Grade-C. Salivary IL-17A and IL-23 levels were higher in marijuana-smokers than cigarette-smokers (p < 0.01) and non-smokers-with-periodontitis (p < 0.01). Whole salivary IL-17A and IL-23 levels were higher among cigarette-smokers than non-smokers with periodontitis (p < 0.01) and periodontally-healthy-individuals (p < 0.01). Marijuana- and heavy cigarette-smokers have comparable clinicoradiographic periodontal statuses. This rejects hypothesis-1. However, whole salivary immunoinflammatory response may be moderately worse in marijuana-smokers compared with heavy cigarette-smokers and non-smoker with periodontitis thereby supporting hypothesis-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA;
| | - Abeer S. Al-Zawawi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 60169, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abid Mehmood
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi 75500, Pakistan;
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5025-1250; Fax: +966-0541-1222
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Samulak R, Suwała M, Dembowska E. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy with/without 980 nm diode laser in patients after myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:1003-1014. [PMID: 32885341 PMCID: PMC8222017 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible benefits (in terms of periodontal status improvement and periodontal bacteria count reduction) of using 980 nm diode laser in the treatment of periodontitis in patients after myocardial infarction. Thirty-six patients under 65 years of age (mean: 56.3 ± 7.9) with periodontitis, 6 weeks to 6 months after myocardial infarction, were recruited for the study. The control group (n = 18) received SRP (scaling, root planing and polishing) while the test group (n = 18) received SRP followed by laser therapy of the periodontal pockets with 980 nm diode laser, 1 W, continuous wave mode, 20 s per tooth side. Procedures were repeated twice at 5-7 day intervals. Microbiological and periodontal examination, including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque control record (PCR), were performed before treatment, 2 weeks and 3 months after treatment. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier: NCT04145557, 29.10.2019 "retrospectively registered". Additional use of laser resulted in a significant reduction in pockets with PPD ≥ 7 mm (p = 0.0151). The diode laser reduced total bacteria count (p = 0.0154) and delayed recolonisation during a 3-month observation period. A significant increase in the number of Capnocytophaga gingivalis was observed in the control group (p = 0.048). Additional use of the diode laser after SRP had no significant effect on BOP, CAL and PCR. Within the limitations of our study, we can conclude that 980 nm diode laser can be a useful tool in the treatment of periodontitis in patients after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Samulak
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Suwała
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Sopi M, Koçani F, Bardhoshi M, Meqa K. Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of the Effect of Diode Laser Treatment Compared to the Non-surgical and Surgical Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Periodontal therapy consists of eliminating the inflammation, treating periodontal pockets, motivating the patient for oral hygiene, and, if necessary, for surgical treatment. Recently, the application of a diode laser is widely being investigated for periodontal disease treatment.
Objective:
The analysis and evaluation of the clinical and biochemical impact of diode laser periodontal treatment, compared to either surgical or non-surgical, therapy, was the aim of this study.
Methods:
The study involved 80 patients older than 18 with at least 20 teeth. Evaluation of periodontal parameters was done conveniently on a single-rooted tooth (incisive, canine, premolar) on six surfaces, before the start of periodontal therapy, and after three, and six months. The laser used in the study was a diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm. Digital X-rays were taken for bone level evaluation before and after the treatment. The presence of a bone destruction mediator (Matrix metalloproteinase-8 - MMP-8) was evaluated by the dipstick immunoassay test. Biochemical analysis and radiographic measurements were evaluated at the baseline and six months after the treatment. The statistical analysis included χ2-test and one-way ANOVA.
Results:
The results of this study showed that diode laser treatment was more effective in reducing periodontal clinical parameters, lowering MMP-8 levels and reducing the bone loss, compared to the group treated with scaling and root planning, or with a surgical approach.
Conclusion:
Diode laser may be considered as an effective alternative for periodontal treatment, with benefits in clinical and biochemical parameters.
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Harorli OT, Hatipoglu M, Erin N. Effect of Photobiomodulation on Secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by Human Gingival Fibroblasts In Vitro. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:457-464. [PMID: 31390315 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 940-nm diode laser irradiation on proinflammatory cytokine secretions [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8] by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Background: Photobiomodulation has been routinely used in many dental procedures; however, the exact biological action mechanism of photobiomodulation and its therapeutic benefits have not been established. Methods: Cells derived from systemically healthy individuals were treated with three different laser parameters-6 J for 20 sec [0.84 J/cm2 (0.04 W/cm2)], 10 J for 20 sec [1.4 J/cm2 (0.07 W/cm2)], and 14 J for 20 sec [1.97 J/cm2 (0.09 W/cm2)]-in the presence and absence of 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Laser irradiations were carried out by a 940-nm diode laser device in continuous pain therapy mode with a deep tissue handpiece. Changes in cell viability, cytokine secretions, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway expressions were investigated, and results were compared with negative (medium) and positive control (1 μg/mL LPS) groups. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons among groups at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: Laser therapy with 0.84-1.4 J/cm2 amplified IL-6 and IL-8 secretions, whereas 1.97 J/cm2 suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 release in LPS-stimulated cells. Cell viability did not show a variation with photobiomodulation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that photobiomodulation can alter IL-6 and IL-8 release, with cytokine suppression potency at a relatively high dose, as demonstrated previously. However, in contrast, we found that a low level of stimulation (6 J) in the presence of inflammation (LPS stimulation) may further enhance IL-6 and IL-8 release. We also found that p38 and ERK1/2 pathways are activated by LPS as well as by photobiomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Tolga Harorli
- 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mukerrem Hatipoglu
- 2Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Erin
- 3Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Cai S, Qian J, Yang S, Kuang L, Hua D. Acetylcysteine-decorated Prussian blue nanoparticles for strong photothermal sterilization and focal infection treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:31-38. [PMID: 31121379 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The major challenge in bacterial infection in clinical settings is the development of antimicrobial materials in the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. Herein, we report a new strategy for efficient near-infrared radiation (NIR) photothermal sterilization and focal infection treatment by acetylcysteine-modified Prussian blue nanoparticles (AC-PB). Specifically, AC-PB is fabricated as a multifunctional therapeutic agent via a co-precipitation approach, where PB acts as an effective photothermal agent and AC could prevent the formation of bacteria cluster in biofilms and the bacterial adhesion on tissues to reduce the secretion of mucus and improve the efficacy. AC-PB shows strong synergistic photothermal sterilization ability in a concentration-dependent manner by using 980 nm NIR laser. 50 μg/mL of AC-PB can eliminate up to 74% of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and up to 75% of Gram-negative Escherichia coli, while irradiation of 980 nm is minimally cytotoxic to mammalian cells. The NIR radiation can be efficiently converted into local heat by subcutaneous injection of AC-PB to kill bacteria effectively in vivo to treat a focal infection. The antibacterial mechanism suggests that AC can destroy bacteria-based biofilms, while the photothermal effect driven by NIR may break the lipids on cellular membrane. Thus, this work may provide a promising strategy for highly effective eradication of bacteria in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Liangju Kuang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daoben Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China.
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26
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Aimetti M, Mariani GM, Ferrarotti F, Ercoli E, Liu CC, Romano F. Adjunctive efficacy of diode laser in the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis with mechanical therapy: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 30:429-438. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Mariani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrarotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Elena Ercoli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Chun Ching Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy
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27
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Zabeu GS, Maenossono RM, Scarcella CR, Brianezzi LFF, Palma-Dibb RG, Ishikiriama SK. Effect of diode laser irradiation on the bond strength of polymerized non-simplified adhesive systems after 12 months of water storage. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 27:e20180126. [PMID: 30540073 PMCID: PMC6296358 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bonding strength of non-simplified dentin bonding systems (DBS) to dentin irradiated with a diode laser (970 nm) immediately and after 12 months of water storage following either primer or bond application. Material and methods: The experimental design included three different factors: DBS type [AdperTM Scotchbond Multipurpose (MP) and Clearfil™ SE Bond (CSE)], irradiation [without irradiation - control (C), irradiation after primer application (AP), and irradiation after bond application (AB)], and time [initial (I) and after 12 months of water storage (12 m)]. Sixty sound human third molars (n = 10) were obtained, and their flat occlusal dentin areas were prepared and standardized. Laser irradiation was performed in the contact mode perpendicular to the dental surface over an automatically selected scanning area at a pulse energy of 0.8 W, frequency of 10 Hz, and energy density of 66.67 J/cm2. After 7 days of treatment, the specimens were cut, and half of them were subjected to microtensile testing (500 N/0.05 mm/min), whereas the remaining sticks were examined after 12 months of water storage. The obtained data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey test (p<0.05). The observed fracture modes were investigated using a portable digital microscope with a magnification of 40x. Results: Among the utilized DBS, MP generally exhibited higher bond strengths, but did not always differ from CSE under similar conditions. The irradiation factor was statistically significant only for the MP/AB groups. After 12 months of storage, all groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the bond strength, whereas the results of fracture analysis showed a predominance of the adhesive type. Conclusions: The laser treatment of non-simplified DBS was not able to stabilize their bonding characteristics after 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Speranza Zabeu
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rafael Massunari Maenossono
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil.,Fundação Municipal de Educação e Cultura de Santa Fé do Sul, Departamento de Dentística, Santa Fé do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Caren Roberta Scarcella
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Freitas Brianezzi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil.,Instituto Chaddad de Ensino, Faculdade do Sudoeste Paulista, Departamento de Dentística, Avaré, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Kiyoshi Ishikiriama
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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28
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Fan C, Zhang X, Upton Z. Anti-inflammatory effects of shikonin in human periodontal ligament cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:415-421. [PMID: 30392422 PMCID: PMC7011859 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1506482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Shikonin (SHI), an active component extracted from Radix Arnebiae, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties in various cells. However, its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of SHI on the expression of inflammatory related cytokines in LPS-stimulated hPDLCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of SHI (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 μg/mL) on hPDLCs proliferation for 1, 3 and 7 days were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected in hPDLCs following SHI treatment (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL) using Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The signaling pathways triggered by SHI in hPDLC were evaluated using western blotting. RESULTS LD50 of SHI is 1.7 μg/mL (day 1) and 1.1 μg/mL (day 3 and 7) in hPDLCs. No morphological changes were observed when hPDLCs were treated with LPS only (1 μg/mL) or LPS with SHI (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL). Data from qRT-PCR suggests that SHI attenuates LPS-induced increases of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 in hPDLCs. Down-regulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and up-regulation of I-κB, were observed in LPS-stimulated hPDLCs after exposed to SHI at 0.25 or 0.5 μg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SHI possesses anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated hPDLCs via phospho-ERK and NF-κB/I-κB signaling pathways; this suggests that SHI may hold potential as an anti-inflammatory agent against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fan
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Xufang Zhang
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zee Upton
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
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29
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Uslu MÖ, Eltas A, Marakoğlu İ, Dündar S, Şahin K, Özercan İH. Effects of diode laser application on inflammation and mpo in periodontal tissues in a rat model. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170266. [PMID: 30020350 PMCID: PMC6089569 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to histologically and immunologically evaluate the effect of diode laser treatment when applied adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in an experimental periodontitis model. Materials and methods We used Wistar-Albino rats (n=60) with average weight of 230 g. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature at the right and left first mandibular molar teeth in all rats. After 11 days, the ligature was removed and rats were divided into two groups. The control group (n=30) received only SRP treatment, while the laser group (n=30) received a diode laser (GaAlAs, 810 nm, 1 W, 10 J, 20 s) treatment adjunctive to SRP. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed after 7, 15, and 30 days. Histopathological examination was performed in the left mandible of rats. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was evaluated by western blot in the gingival specimens from the right mandible. Results MPO levels in the laser group were statistically significantly lower compared with the control group (p≤0.05). There was no statistically significance at any time between MPO levels in the control group (p>0.05). MPO levels in the laser group at the 7th day were statistically significantly higher compared to the 15th (p≤0.05) and the 30th day (p≤0.05). Inflammatory cell infiltration decreased over time in both groups and was statistically significantly lower in the laser group than in the control group at all times (p≤0.01). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, we suggest that diode laser application is an adjunctive treatment because it reduced inflammation and MPO when applied in addition to SRP. On the other hand, more studies are needed for the assessment of the effects of diode laser application to periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özay Uslu
- Inonu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abubekir Eltas
- Inonu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Marakoğlu
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Dündar
- Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Kazım Şahin
- Firat University, Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition, Elazığ, Turkey
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30
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Romanos GE, Sacks D, Montanaro N, Delgado-Ruiz R, Calvo-Guirado JL, Javed F. Effect of Initiators on Thermal Changes in Soft Tissues Using a Diode Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:386-390. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E. Romanos
- Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant- and Phototherapy (LA-PIP), Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Danielle Sacks
- Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant- and Phototherapy (LA-PIP), Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Nicholas Montanaro
- Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant- and Phototherapy (LA-PIP), Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York
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31
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Matarese G, Ramaglia L, Cicciù M, Cordasco G, Isola G. The Effects of Diode Laser Therapy as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Aggressive Periodontitis: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:702-709. [PMID: 28945145 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical, microbial, and inflammatory effects of a diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP alone for the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). METHODS Using a split-mouth design, 31 patients with GAgP were enrolled in the study. The maxillary right and left quadrants were randomly assigned to SRP+diode laser or SRP alone. Patients were examined on a regular basis for clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory mediator changes over a 1-year period. Clinical attachment level (CAL) was the primary outcome variable chosen. In addition, subgingival biofilm samples and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory mediators were analyzed at each follow-up session. RESULTS Compared to baseline, both treatments demonstrated an improvement in periodontal parameters at 1 year. However, SRP+diode laser produced a significant improvement in probing depth (PD; 2.56 ± 0.44 vs. 3.36 ± 0.51 mm, p < 0.05) and CAL (3.47 ± 0.25 vs. 4.11 ± 0.26 mm, p < 0.05) values compared to SRP alone. Similarly, in the SRP+diode laser group, the bacteria of orange complex group were significantly reduced at 30 and 60 days compared to SRP alone. Moreover, SRP+diode laser determined a reduction in mean GCF level of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1β/IL-10 ratio at 15 and 30 days compared to SRP alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS At 1 year, SRP+diode laser yielded a significant reduction in some clinical parameters, while microbial and inflammatory mediator changes were not significantly reduced compared to SRP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Matarese
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Ramaglia
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cordasco
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
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32
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Qin J, Zhao Z, Wang R, Ye K, Li W, Liu X, Liu G, Cui C, Shi H, Peng Z, Yuan F, Yang X, Lu M, Huang X, Jiang M, Wang X, Yin M, Lu X. In Situ Laser Fenestration Is a Feasible Method for Revascularization of Aortic Arch During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004542. [PMID: 28432073 PMCID: PMC5532990 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Reconstruction of the aortic major branches during thoracic endovascular aortic repair is complicated because of the complex anatomic configuration and variation of the aortic arch. In situ laser fenestration has shown great potential for the revascularization of aortic branches. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of in situ laser fenestration on the three branches of the aortic arch during thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Methods and Results Before clinical application, the polytetrafluoroethylene and Dacron grafts were fenestrated by an 810‐nm laser system ex vivo, which did not damage the bare metal portion of the endografts and created a clean fenestration while maintaining the integrity of the endografts. In vivo, 6 anesthetized female swine survived after this operation, including stent‐graft implantation in the aortic arches, laser fenestration, and conduit implantation through the innominate arteries and the left carotid arteries. Based on the animal experiments, in situ laser fenestration during thoracic endovascular aortic repair was successively performed on 24 patients (aged 33–86 years) with aortic artery diseases (dissection type A: n=4, type B: n=7, aneurysm: n=2, mural thrombus: n=7). Fenestration of 3 aortic branches was performed in 2 (8.3%) patients. Both the left carotid artery and the left subclavian artery were fenestrated in 6 (25%) patients. Only left subclavian artery fenestration surgery was done in 16 (66.7%) patients. Among these patients, 1 fenestration was abandoned secondary to an acute takeoff of the innominate artery in a type III aortic arch. The average operative time was 137±15 minutes. The technical success rate was 95.8% (n=23). No fenestration‐related complications or neurological morbidity occurred after this operation. During a mean postoperative 10‐month follow‐up (range: 2–17 months), 1 patient died of severe pneumonia, and all the left subclavian artery and carotid artery stents were patent with no fenestration‐related endoleaks upon computed tomography angiography images. Conclusions In situ laser fenestration is a feasible, effective, rapid, repeatable, and safe option for the reconstruction of aortic arch during thoracic endovascular aortic repair, which might be available to revascularize the 3 branches. However, follow‐up periods should be extended to evaluate the robustness of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyi Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyou Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fukang Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintian Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mier Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyi Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China .,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China .,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Wollina U. Three Hundred Patients Treated with Ultrapulsed 980 nm Diode Laser for Skin Disorders. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:540-4. [PMID: 27688445 PMCID: PMC5029241 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.190111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lasers in skin diseases is quite common. In contrast to other laser types, medical literature about 980 nm ultrapulsed diode laser is sparse in dermatology. Herein, we report the use of ultrapulsed diode 980 nm laser in 300 patients with vascular lesions, cysts and pseudocysts, infectious disease, and malignant tumors. This laser is a versatile tool with excellent safety and efficacy in the hands of the experienced user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
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De Genaro Modanese D, Tiosso-Tamburi R, Furletti de Goes VF, de Cássia Bergamaschi C, Martinez EF, Napimoga MH, Peruzzo DC. Clinical and Immunoinflammatory Evaluation of One-Stage Full-Mouth Ultrasonic Debridement as a Therapeutic Approach for Smokers With Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: A Short-Term Follow-Up Study. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1012-21. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ghanem A, Pasumarthy S, Ranna V, Kellesarian SV, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Malmstrom H. Is mechanical curettage with adjunct photodynamic therapy more effective in the treatment of peri-implantitis than mechanical curettage alone? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:191-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Al Amri MD, Abduljabbar TS, Al-Johany SS, Al Rifaiy MQ, Alfarraj Aldosari AM, Al-Kheraif AA. Comparison of clinical and radiographic parameters around short (6 to 8 mm in length) and long (11 mm in length) dental implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: 3-year follow-up results. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:1182-1187. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad D. Al Amri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq S. Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulieman S. Al-Johany
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Q. Al Rifaiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair; Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Oh J, Nam SY, Lee YW, Kang HW. Effect of multiple-sweeping on ablation performance during ex vivo laser nephrectomy. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:616-23. [PMID: 26990980 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fiber-assisted laser surgery has been employed as a minimally invasive method in various medical fields. In spite of multiple sweeping on tissue during laser treatments, the rate of tissue removal gradually decreases and eventually leads to longer irradiation times as well as deeper thermal injury. The objective of the current study was to quantitatively investigate the effect of multiple fiber sweeps on ablation performance during ex vivo 532-nm laser nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine kidney tissue was used to evaluate variations in tissue ablation and coagulative necrosis after pre- and multiple-sweeping with a 532 nm wavelength at various fiber speeds (2, 4, and 6 mm/second). The distance between a fiber tip and tissue surface was initially set at 1.5 mm, and no further distance change was performed. Double-integrating spheres in conjunction with an adding-doubling method were employed to measure variations in optical properties of the tested tissue. The extent of ablation and coagulation was quantified to identify the role of multiple-sweeping at various fiber conditions. RESULTS Optical property measurements showed a 30% decrease in light absorption but a more than threefold increase in light scattering after irreversible thermal denaturation. Pre-sweeping yielded insignificant effects on tissue coagulation due to almost consistent coagulation depths with numbers of pre-sweeps. Ablation depths increased with more numbers of fiber sweeps and slower fiber speeds whereas coagulation depths thickened primarily with the slower speeds. Multiple-sweeping induced saturation in ablation volume with the increasing numbers of multiple-sweeps irrespective of the fiber speed. CONCLUSION A combination of coagulation barriers, spatial distribution of power, and temporal interplay of optical energy could attribute to continuously lessen the amount of the ablated tissue with the multiple sweeps. Optical power modulation with varying fiber conditions (speed and distance) will be examined to optimize surgical parameters and to sustain the equivalent ablation performance of the first sweep with the multiple sweeping for laser nephrectomy. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:616-623, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea.,Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong Wook Lee
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea.,School of Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea.,Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
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