1
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Grant CL, López-Valdez J, Marsden D, Ezgü F. Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly syndrome) - What do we know? Mol Genet Metab 2024; 141:108145. [PMID: 38301529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is an ultra-rare, life-threatening, progressive disease caused by genetic mutations that affect lysosomal storage/function. MPS VII has an estimated prevalence of <1:1,000,000 and accounts for <3% of all MPS diagnoses. Given the rarity of MPS VII, comprehensive information on the disease is limited and we present a review of the current understanding. In MPS VII, intracellular glycosaminoglycans accumulate due to a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme that is responsible for their degradation, β-glucuronidase, which is encoded by the GUSB gene. MPS VII has a heterogeneous presentation. Features can manifest across multiple systems and can vary in severity, age of onset and progression. The single most distinguishing clinical feature of MPS VII is non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), which presents during pregnancy. MPS VII usually presents within one month of life and become more prominent at 3 to 4 years of age; key features are skeletal deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, coarse facies, and cognitive impairment, although phenotypic variation is a hallmark. Current treatments include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy with vestronidase alfa. Care should be individualized for each patient. Development of consensus guidelines for MPS VII management and treatment is needed, as consolidation of expert knowledge and experience (for example, through the MPS VII Disease Monitoring Program) may provide a significant positive impact to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Grant
- Rare Disease Institute, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaime López-Valdez
- Department of Genetics, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Fatih Ezgü
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic and Genetic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Hallows WC, Skvorak K, Agard N, Kruse N, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Botham RC, Chng C, Shukla C, Lao J, Miller M, Sero A, Viduya J, Ismaili MHA, McCluskie K, Schiffmann R, Silverman AP, Shen JS, Huisman GW. Optimizing human α-galactosidase for treatment of Fabry disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4748. [PMID: 36959353 PMCID: PMC10036536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (GLA) leading to the lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and other glycosphingolipids. Fabry patients experience significant damage to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels that can be fatal. Here we apply directed evolution to generate more stable GLA variants as potential next generation treatments for Fabry disease. GLAv05 and GLAv09 were identified after screening more than 12,000 GLA variants through 8 rounds of directed evolution. Both GLAv05 and GLAv09 exhibit increased stability at both lysosomal and blood pH, stability to serum, and elevated enzyme activity in treated Fabry fibroblasts (19-fold) and GLA-/- podocytes (10-fold). GLAv05 and GLAv09 show improved pharmacokinetics in mouse and non-human primates. In a Fabry mouse model, the optimized variants showed prolonged half-lives in serum and relevant tissues, and a decrease of accumulated Gb3 in heart and kidney. To explore the possibility of diminishing the immunogenic potential of rhGLA, amino acid residues in sequences predicted to bind MHC II were targeted in late rounds of GLAv09 directed evolution. An MHC II-associated peptide proteomics assay confirmed a reduction in displayed peptides for GLAv09. Collectively, our findings highlight the promise of using directed evolution to generate enzyme variants for more effective treatment of lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Skvorak
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Nick Agard
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Nikki Kruse
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Fornia BioSolutions Inc US, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yu Zhu
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Rachel C Botham
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Chinping Chng
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Charu Shukla
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Jessica Lao
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Octant, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Mathew Miller
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Antoinette Sero
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Judy Viduya
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Moulay Hicham Alaoui Ismaili
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Glycomine, San Mateo, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Kerryn McCluskie
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Glycomine, San Mateo, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Adam P Silverman
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Jin-Song Shen
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Gjalt W Huisman
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
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3
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Chen YH, Tian W, Yasuda M, Ye Z, Song M, Mandel U, Kristensen C, Povolo L, Marques ARA, Čaval T, Heck AJR, Sampaio JL, Johannes L, Tsukimura T, Desnick R, Vakhrushev SY, Yang Z, Clausen H. A universal GlycoDesign for lysosomal replacement enzymes to improve circulation time and biodistribution. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1128371. [PMID: 36911201 PMCID: PMC9999025 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1128371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available enzyme replacement therapies for lysosomal storage diseases are limited in their effectiveness due in part to short circulation times and suboptimal biodistribution of the therapeutic enzymes. We previously engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to produce α-galactosidase A (GLA) with various N-glycan structures and demonstrated that elimination of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) and conversion to homogeneous sialylated N-glycans prolonged circulation time and improved biodistribution of the enzyme following a single-dose infusion into Fabry mice. Here, we confirmed these findings using repeated infusions of the glycoengineered GLA into Fabry mice and further tested whether this glycoengineering approach, Long-Acting-GlycoDesign (LAGD), could be implemented on other lysosomal enzymes. LAGD-engineered CHO cells stably expressing a panel of lysosomal enzymes [aspartylglucosamine (AGA), beta-glucuronidase (GUSB), cathepsin D (CTSD), tripeptidyl peptidase (TPP1), alpha-glucosidase (GAA) or iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS)] successfully converted all M6P-containing N-glycans to complex sialylated N-glycans. The resulting homogenous glycodesigns enabled glycoprotein profiling by native mass spectrometry. Notably, LAGD extended the plasma half-life of all three enzymes tested (GLA, GUSB, AGA) in wildtype mice. LAGD may be widely applicable to lysosomal replacement enzymes to improve their circulatory stability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Makiko Yasuda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ming Song
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lorenzo Povolo
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tomislav Čaval
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science4Life, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science4Life, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julio Lopes Sampaio
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Takahiro Tsukimura
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk AS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Wirchnianski AS, Wec AZ, Nyakatura EK, Herbert AS, Slough MM, Kuehne AI, Mittler E, Jangra RK, Teruya J, Dye JM, Lai JR, Chandran K. Two Distinct Lysosomal Targeting Strategies Afford Trojan Horse Antibodies With Pan-Filovirus Activity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729851. [PMID: 34721393 PMCID: PMC8551868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple agents in the family Filoviridae (filoviruses) are associated with sporadic human outbreaks of highly lethal disease, while others, including several recently identified agents, possess strong zoonotic potential. Although viral glycoprotein (GP)-specific monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated therapeutic utility against filovirus disease, currently FDA-approved molecules lack antiviral breadth. The development of broadly neutralizing antibodies has been challenged by the high sequence divergence among filovirus GPs and the complex GP proteolytic cleavage cascade that accompanies filovirus entry. Despite this variability in the antigenic surface of GP, all filoviruses share a site of vulnerability-the binding site for the universal filovirus entry receptor, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Unfortunately, this site is shielded in extracellular GP and only uncovered by proteolytic cleavage by host proteases in late endosomes and lysosomes, which are generally inaccessible to antibodies. To overcome this obstacle, we previously developed a 'Trojan horse' therapeutic approach in which engineered bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) coopt viral particles to deliver GP:NPC1 interaction-blocking antibodies to their endo/lysosomal sites of action. This approach afforded broad protection against members of the genus Ebolavirus but could not neutralize more divergent filoviruses. Here, we describe next-generation Trojan horse bsAbs that target the endo/lysosomal GP:NPC1 interface with pan-filovirus breadth by exploiting the conserved and widely expressed host cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor for intracellular delivery. Our work highlights a new avenue for the development of single therapeutics protecting against all known and newly emerging filoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States.,The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Teruya
- Antibody Discovery and Research group, Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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5
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Zhang X, Liu H, Meena N, Li C, Zong G, Raben N, Puertollano R, Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic glycan-selective remodeling of a therapeutic lysosomal enzyme with high-affinity M6P-glycan ligands. Enzyme substrate specificity is the name of the game. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12451-12462. [PMID: 34603676 PMCID: PMC8480326 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of therapeutic lysosomal enzymes with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) glycan ligands represents a major strategy for enhancing the cation-independent M6P receptor (CI-MPR)-mediated cellular uptake, thus improving the overall therapeutic efficacy of the enzymes. However, the minimal high-affinity M6P-containing N-glycan ligands remain to be identified and their efficient and site-selective conjugation to therapeutic lysosomal enzymes is a challenging task. We report here the chemical synthesis of truncated M6P-glycan oxazolines and their use for enzymatic glycan remodeling of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), an enzyme used for treatment of Pompe disease which is a disorder caused by a deficiency of the glycogen-degrading lysosomal enzyme. Structure-activity relationship studies identified M6P tetrasaccharide oxazoline as the minimal substrate for enzymatic transglycosylation yielding high-affinity M6P glycan ligands for the CI-MPR. Taking advantage of the substrate specificity of endoglycosidases Endo-A and Endo-F3, we found that Endo-A and Endo-F3 could efficiently deglycosylate the respective high-mannose and complex type N-glycans in rhGAA and site-selectively transfer the synthetic M6P N-glycan to the deglycosylated rhGAA without product hydrolysis. This discovery enabled a highly efficient one-pot deglycosylation/transglycosylation strategy for site-selective M6P-glycan remodeling of rhGAA to obtain a more homogeneous product. The Endo-A and Endo-F3 remodeled rhGAAs maintained full enzyme activity and demonstrated 6- and 20-fold enhanced binding affinities for CI-MPR receptor, respectively. Using an in vitro cell model system for Pompe disease, we demonstrated that the M6P-glycan remodeled rhGAA greatly outperformed the commercial rhGAA (Lumizyme) and resulted in the reversal of cellular pathology. This study provides a general and efficient method for site-selective M6P-glycan remodeling of recombinant lysosomal enzymes to achieve enhanced M6P receptor binding and cellular uptake, which could lead to improved overall therapeutic efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland 8051 Regents Drive College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland 8051 Regents Drive College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Naresh Meena
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland 8051 Regents Drive College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland 8051 Regents Drive College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland 8051 Regents Drive College Park Maryland 20742 USA
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6
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Hendrickx G, Danyukova T, Baranowsky A, Rolvien T, Angermann A, Schweizer M, Keller J, Schröder J, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Muschol N, Paganini C, Rossi A, Amling M, Pohl S, Schinke T. Enzyme replacement therapy in mice lacking arylsulfatase B targets bone-remodeling cells, but not chondrocytes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:803-816. [PMID: 31943020 PMCID: PMC7104678 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS-VI), caused by mutational inactivation of the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme arylsulfatase B (Arsb), is a lysosomal storage disorder primarily affecting the skeleton. We have previously reported that Arsb-deficient mice display high trabecular bone mass and impaired skeletal growth. In the present study, we treated them by weekly injection of recombinant human ARSB (rhARSB) to analyze the impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on skeletal growth and bone remodeling. We found that all bone-remodeling abnormalities of Arsb-deficient mice were prevented by ERT, whereas chondrocyte defects were not. Likewise, histologic analysis of the surgically removed femoral head from an ERT-treated MPS-VI patient revealed that only chondrocytes were pathologically affected. Remarkably, a side-by-side comparison with other cell types demonstrated that chondrocytes have substantially reduced capacity to endocytose rhARSB, together with low expression of the mannose receptor. We finally took advantage of Arsb-deficient mice to establish quantification of chondroitin sulfation for treatment monitoring. Our data demonstrate that bone-remodeling cell types are accessible to systemically delivered rhARSB, whereas the uptake into chondrocytes is inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Angermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schröder
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Muschol
- International Center for Lysosomal Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Wu YS, Khanna R, Schmith V, Lun Y, Shen JS, Garcia A, Dungan L, Perry A, Martin L, Tsai PC, Hamler R, Das AM, Schiffmann R, Johnson FK. Migalastat Tissue Distribution: Extrapolation From Mice to Humans Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Comparison With Agalsidase Beta Tissue Distribution in Mice. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:1075-1088. [PMID: 33876577 PMCID: PMC8453552 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Approved therapies for Fabry disease (FD) include migalastat, an oral pharmacological chaperone, and agalsidase beta and agalsidase alfa, 2 forms of enzyme replacement therapy. Broad tissue distribution may be beneficial for clinical efficacy in FD, which has severe manifestations in multiple organs. Here, migalastat and agalsidase beta biodistribution were assessed in mice and modeled using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) analysis, and migalastat biodistribution was subsequently extrapolated to humans. In mice, migalastat concentration was highest in kidneys and the small intestine, 2 FD-relevant organs. Agalsidase beta was predominantly sequestered in the liver and spleen (organs unaffected in FD). PBPK modeling predicted that migalastat 123 mg every other day resulted in concentrations exceeding the in vitro half-maximal effective concentration in kidneys, small intestine, skin, heart, and liver in human subjects. However, extrapolation of mouse agalsidase beta concentrations to humans was unsuccessful. In conclusion, migalastat may distribute to tissues that are inaccessible to intravenous agalsidase beta in mice, and extrapolation of mouse migalastat concentrations to humans showed adequate tissue penetration, particularly in FD-relevant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shuan Wu
- Nuventra Pharma Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richie Khanna
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Yi Lun
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jin-Song Shen
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Leo Dungan
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anthony Perry
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lukas Martin
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pai-Chi Tsai
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rick Hamler
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anibh M Das
- Clinic for Paediatric Nephrology, Hepatology and Metabolic Disorders, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Tran JQ, Grover D, Zhang M, Stapels M, Brennan R, Bangari DS, Piepenhagen PA, Roberts E, Oliva P, Zubair F, Vela JL, Richards SM, Joseph AM. Expansion of immature, nucleated red blood cells by transient low-dose methotrexate immune tolerance induction in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:409-423. [PMID: 33205401 PMCID: PMC7874831 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological treatments such as enzyme-replacement therapies (ERT) can generate anti-drug antibodies (ADA), which may reduce drug efficacy and impact patient safety and consequently led to research to mitigate ADA responses. Transient low-dose methotrexate (TLD-MTX) as a prophylactic ITI regimen, when administered concurrently with ERT, induces long-lived reduction of ADA to recombinant human alglucosidase alfa (rhGAA) in mice. In current clinical practice, a prophylactic ITI protocol that includes TLD-MTX, rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin (optional), successfully induced lasting control of ADA to rhGAA in high-risk, cross-reactive immunological material (CRIM)-negative infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) patients. More recently, evaluation of TLD-MTX demonstrated benefit in CRIM-positive IOPD patients. To more clearly understand the mechanism for the effectiveness of TLD-MTX, non-targeted transcriptional and proteomic screens were conducted and revealed up-regulation of erythropoiesis signatures. Confirmatory studies showed transiently larger spleens by weight, increased spleen cellularity and that following an initial reduction of mature red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow and blood, a significant expansion of Ter-119+ CD71+ immature RBCs was observed in spleen and blood of mice. Histology sections revealed increased nucleated cells, including hematopoietic precursors, in the splenic red pulp of these mice. This study demonstrated that TLD-MTX induced a transient reduction of mature RBCs in the blood and immature RBCs in the bone marrow followed by significant enrichment of immature, nucleated RBCs in the spleen and blood during the time of immune tolerance induction, which suggested modulation of erythropoiesis may be associated with the induction of immune tolerance to rhGAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Q. Tran
- Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic AreaCambridgeMAUSA
| | - D. Grover
- Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic AreaCambridgeMAUSA
| | - M. Zhang
- Sanofi Translational Sciences BioinformaticsCambridgeMAUSA
| | - M. Stapels
- Sanofi Biologics DevelopmentCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | | | | | - E. Roberts
- Sanofi Translational In Vivo ModelsCambridgeMAUSA
| | - P. Oliva
- Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic AreaCambridgeMAUSA
| | - F. Zubair
- Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic AreaCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J. L. Vela
- Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic AreaCambridgeMAUSA
| | - S. M. Richards
- Sanofi Translational Medicine and Early DevelopmentCambridgeMAUSA
| | - A. M. Joseph
- Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic AreaCambridgeMAUSA
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9
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Rational Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies of Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives as β-Glucuronidase Inhibitors. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a series of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives were rationally designed as β-glucuronidase inhibitors. These designed compounds were successfully synthesized and characterized through various spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) of synthesized derivatives to inhibit β-glucuronidase was also established. In vitro biological evaluations revealed that 4i as the most potent compound in this series has an IC50 value of 31.52 ± 2.54 μM compared to the standard D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50 = 41.32 ± 1.82 µM). Also, molecular docking and dynamics studies of the most potent compound are performed to evaluate interactions between the active compound and binding site.
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10
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Herman X, Far J, Courtoy A, Bouhon L, Quinton L, De Pauw E, Chaumont F, Navarre C. Inactivation of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I and α1,3-Fucosyltransferase Genes in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 Cells Results in Glycoproteins With Highly Homogeneous, High-Mannose N-Glycans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634023. [PMID: 33584780 PMCID: PMC7873608 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) suspension cells are among the most commonly used plant cell lines for producing biopharmaceutical glycoproteins. Recombinant glycoproteins are usually produced with a mix of high-mannose and complex N-glycans. However, N-glycan heterogeneity is a concern for the production of therapeutic or vaccine glycoproteins because it can alter protein activity and might lead to batch-to-batch variability. In this report, a BY-2 cell line producing glycoproteins devoid of complex N-glycans was obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 edition of two N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI) genes, whose activity is a prerequisite for the formation of all complex N-glycans. The suppression of complex N-glycans in the GnTI-knocked out (KO) cell lines was assessed by Western blotting. Lack of β1,2-xylose residues confirmed the abolition of GnTI activity. Unexpectedly, α1,3-fucose residues were still detected albeit dramatically reduced as compared with wild-type cells. To suppress the remaining α1,3-fucose residues, a second genome editing targeted both GnTI and α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) genes. No β1,2-xylose nor α1,3-fucose residues were detected on the glycoproteins produced by the GnTI/FucT-KO cell lines. Absence of complex N-glycans on secreted glycoproteins of GnTI-KO and GnTI/FucT-KO cell lines was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Both cell lines produced high-mannose N-glycans, mainly Man5 (80 and 86%, respectively) and Man4 (16 and 11%, respectively). The high degree of N-glycan homogeneity and the high-mannose N-glycosylation profile of these BY-2 cell lines is an asset for their use as expression platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Herman
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Johann Far
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory-MolSys, GIGA Proteomics Facility, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Adeline Courtoy
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bouhon
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory-MolSys, GIGA Proteomics Facility, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory-MolSys, GIGA Proteomics Facility, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- *Correspondence: François Chaumont,
| | - Catherine Navarre
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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11
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Lieser RM, Yur D, Sullivan MO, Chen W. Site-Specific Bioconjugation Approaches for Enhanced Delivery of Protein Therapeutics and Protein Drug Carriers. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2272-2282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Lieser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - Daniel Yur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States of America
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12
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Whiting REH, Pearce JW, Vansteenkiste DP, Bibi K, Lim S, Robinson Kick G, Castaner LJ, Sinclair J, Chandra S, Nguyen A, O'Neill CA, Katz ML. Intravitreal enzyme replacement preserves retinal structure and function in canine CLN2 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108130. [PMID: 32622066 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CLN2 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive vision loss, neurological decline, and seizures. CLN2 disease results from mutations in TPP1 that encodes the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1). Children with CLN2 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis experience ocular disease, characterized by progressive retinal degeneration associated with impaired retinal function and gradual vision loss culminating in total blindness. A similar progressive loss of retinal function is also observed in a dog CLN2 model with a TPP1 null mutation. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of periodic intravitreal injections of recombinant human (rh) TPP1 in inhibiting retinal degeneration and preserving retinal function in the canine model. TPP1 null dogs received periodic intravitreal injections of rhTPP1 in one eye and vehicle in the other eye beginning at approximately 12 weeks of age. Ophthalmic exams, in vivo ocular imaging, and electroretinography (ERG) were repeated regularly to monitor retinal structure and function. Retinal histology was evaluated in eyes collected from these dogs when they were euthanized at end-stage neurological disease (43-46 weeks of age). Intravitreal rhTPP1 dosing prevented disease-related declines in ERG amplitudes in the TPP1-treated eyes. At end-stage neurologic disease, TPP1-treated eyes retained normal morphology while the contralateral vehicle-treated eyes exhibited loss of inner retinal neurons and photoreceptor disorganization typical of CLN2 disease. The treatment also prevented the development of disease-related focal retinal detachments observed in the control eyes. Uveitis occurred secondary to the administration of the rhTPP1 but did not hinder the therapeutic benefits. These findings demonstrate that periodic intravitreal injection of rhTPP1 preserves retinal structure and function in canine CLN2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E H Whiting
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Pearce
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Daniella P Vansteenkiste
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Katherine Bibi
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Stefanie Lim
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Grace Robinson Kick
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Leilani J Castaner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin L Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.
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13
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Mimoun A, Delignat S, Peyron I, Daventure V, Lecerf M, Dimitrov JD, Kaveri SV, Bayry J, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Relevance of the Materno-Fetal Interface for the Induction of Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:810. [PMID: 32477339 PMCID: PMC7240014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, maternal IgGs are transferred to the fetus from the second trimester of pregnancy onwards. The transplacental delivery of maternal IgG is mediated by its binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) after endocytosis by the syncytiotrophoblast. IgGs present in the maternal milk are also transferred to the newborn through the digestive epithelium upon binding to the FcRn. Importantly, the binding of IgGs to the FcRn is also responsible for the recycling of circulating IgGs that confers them with a long half-life. Maternally delivered IgG provides passive immunity to the newborn, for instance by conferring protective anti-flu or anti-pertussis toxin IgGs. It may, however, lead to the development of autoimmune manifestations when pathological autoantibodies from the mother cross the placenta and reach the circulation of the fetus. In recent years, strategies that exploit the transplacental delivery of antigen/IgG complexes or of Fc-fused proteins have been validated in mouse models of human diseases to impose antigen-specific tolerance, particularly in the case of Fc-fused factor VIII (FVIII) domains in hemophilia A mice or pre-pro-insulin (PPI) in the case of preclinical models of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The present review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the FcRn-mediated transcytosis of IgGs, the physiopathological relevance of this phenomenon, and the repercussion for drug delivery and shaping of the immune system during its ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Mimoun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Delignat
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Peyron
- HITh, INSERM, UMR_S1176, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Victoria Daventure
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Lecerf
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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14
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Story BD, Miller ME, Bradbury AM, Million ED, Duan D, Taghian T, Faissler D, Fernau D, Beecy SJ, Gray-Edwards HL. Canine Models of Inherited Musculoskeletal and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:80. [PMID: 32219101 PMCID: PMC7078110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of human disease remain the bread and butter of modern biology and therapeutic discovery. Nonetheless, more often than not mouse models do not reproduce the pathophysiology of the human conditions they are designed to mimic. Naturally occurring large animal models have predominantly been found in companion animals or livestock because of their emotional or economic value to modern society and, unlike mice, often recapitulate the human disease state. In particular, numerous models have been discovered in dogs and have a fundamental role in bridging proof of concept studies in mice to human clinical trials. The present article is a review that highlights current canine models of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, degenerative myelopathy, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, globoid cell leukodystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis, and fucosidosis. The goal of the review is to discuss canine and human neurodegenerative pathophysiologic similarities, introduce the animal models, and shed light on the ability of canine models to facilitate current and future treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Story
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew E. Miller
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Allison M. Bradbury
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily D. Million
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Toloo Taghian
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Dominik Faissler
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Deborah Fernau
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sidney J. Beecy
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Heather L. Gray-Edwards
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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15
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Wang RY, da Silva Franco JF, López-Valdez J, Martins E, Sutton VR, Whitley CB, Zhang L, Cimms T, Marsden D, Jurecka A, Harmatz P. The long-term safety and efficacy of vestronidase alfa, rhGUS enzyme replacement therapy, in subjects with mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:219-227. [PMID: 32063397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vestronidase alfa (recombinant human beta-glucuronidase) is an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII, a highly heterogeneous, ultra-rare disease. Twelve subjects, ages 8-25 years, completed a Phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, blind-start, single crossover study (UX003-CL301; NCT02377921), receiving 24-48 weeks of vestronidase alfa 4 mg/kg IV. All 12 subjects completed the blind-start study, which showed significantly reduced urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and clinical improvement in a multi-domain responder index, and enrolled in a long-term, open-label, extension study (UX003-CL202; NCT02432144). Here, we report the final results of the extension study, up to an additional 144 weeks after completion of the blind-start study. Three subjects (25%) completed all 144 weeks of study, eight subjects (67%) ended study participation before Week 144 to switch to commercially available vestronidase alfa, and one subject discontinued due to non-compliance after receiving one infusion of vestronidase alfa in the extension study. The safety profile of vestronidase alfa in the extension study was consistent with observations in the preceding blind-start study, with most adverse events mild to moderate in severity. There were no treatment or study discontinuations due to AEs and no noteworthy changes in a standard safety chemistry panel. Out of the eleven subjects who tested positive for anti-drug antibodies at any time during the blind-start or extension study, including the baseline assessment in the blind-start study, seven subjects tested positive for neutralizing antibodies and all seven continued to demonstrate a reduction in urinary GAG levels. There was no association between antibody formation and infusion associated reactions. Subjects receiving continuous vestronidase alfa treatment showed a sustained urinary GAG reduction and clinical response evaluated using a multi-domain responder index that includes assessments in pulmonary function, motor function, range of motion, mobility, and visual acuity. Reduction in fatigue was also maintained in the overall population. As ERT is not expected to cross the blood brain barrier, limiting the impact on neurological signs of disease, and not all subjects presented with neurological symptoms, outcomes related to central nervous system pathology are not focused on in this report. Results from this study show the long-term safety and durability of clinical efficacy in subjects with MPS VII with long-term vestronidase alfa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Y Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W. La Veta Ave, Orange, CA 92868, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States.
| | - José Francisco da Silva Franco
- Hospital Sabara, Av. Angélica, 1987 Consolação, São Paulo, SP, 01227-200, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia /Instituto de Pesquisas de Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN/USP, Av 11 de junho 364, Casa 3, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04041-001, Brazil
| | - Jaime López-Valdez
- Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Av. Gomez Morin S/N, La estación- La Alameda, Aguascalientes, Ags 20259, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro Hospitalar Do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vernon Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Mail Stop BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Chester B Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, and Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, East Building, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Tricia Cimms
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Deborah Marsden
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Agnieszka Jurecka
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 60 Leveroni Ct, Novato, CA 94949, United States.
| | - Paul Harmatz
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 744 52nd St, Oakland, CA 94609, United States.
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16
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Mardy AH, Chetty SP, Norton ME, Sparks TN. A system-based approach to the genetic etiologies of non-immune hydrops fetalis. Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:732-750. [PMID: 31087399 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A wide spectrum of genetic causes may lead to nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), and a thorough phenotypic and genetic evaluation are essential to determine the underlying etiology, optimally manage these pregnancies, and inform discussions about anticipated prognosis. In this review, we outline the known genetic etiologies of NIHF by fetal organ system affected, and provide a systematic approach to the evaluation of NIHF. Some of the underlying genetic disorders are associated with characteristic phenotypic features that may be seen on prenatal ultrasound, such as hepatomegaly with lysosomal storage disorders, hyperechoic kidneys with congenital nephrosis, or pulmonary valve stenosis with RASopathies. However, this is not always the case, and the approach to evaluation must include prenatal ultrasound findings as well as genetic testing and many other factors. Genetic testing that has been utilized for NIHF ranges from standard chromosomal microarray or karyotype to gene panels and broad approaches such as whole exome sequencing. Family and obstetric history, as well as pathology examination, can yield additional clues that are helpful in establishing a diagnosis. A systematic approach to evaluation can guide a more targeted approach to genetic evaluation, diagnosis, and management of NIHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Mardy
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Shilpa P Chetty
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Mary E Norton
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Teresa N Sparks
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
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17
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Cardona C, Benincore E, Pimentel N, Reyes LH, Patarroyo C, Rodríguez-López A, Martin-Rufian M, Barrera LA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Identification of the iduronate-2-sulfatase proteome in wild-type mouse brain. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01667. [PMID: 31193135 PMCID: PMC6517578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) is a lysosomal enzyme involved in the metabolism of the glycosaminoglycans heparan (HS) and dermatan (DS) sulfate. Mutations on IDS gene produce mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II), characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of HS and DS, leading to severe damage of the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. In this study, we used a neurochemistry and proteomic approaches to identify the brain distribution of IDS and its interacting proteins on wild-type mouse brain. IDS immunoreactivity showed a robust staining throughout the entire brain, suggesting an intracellular reactivity in nerve cells and astrocytes. By using affinity purification and mass spectrometry we identified 187 putative IDS partners-proteins, mainly hydrolases, cytoskeletal proteins, transporters, transferases, oxidoreductases, nucleic acid binding proteins, membrane traffic proteins, chaperons and enzyme modulators, among others. The interactions with some of these proteins were predicted by using bioinformatics tools and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analysis and Blue Native PAGE. In addition, we identified cytosolic IDS-complexes containing proteins from predicted highly connected nodes (hubs), with molecular functions including catalytic activity, redox balance, binding, transport, receptor activity and structural molecule activity. The proteins identified in this study would provide new insights about IDS physiological role into the CNS and its potential role in the brain-specific protein networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cardona
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eliana Benincore
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Pimentel
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis H Reyes
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Process and Product Design Group (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Patarroyo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Martin-Rufian
- Central Services Research Support, Proteomics Unit, Universidad de Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis Alejandro Barrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Clínica de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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18
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Nagree MS, Scalia S, McKillop WM, Medin JA. An update on gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:655-670. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1607837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza S. Nagree
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
| | - Simone Scalia
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Medin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
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19
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The glycosylation design space for recombinant lysosomal replacement enzymes produced in CHO cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1785. [PMID: 31040271 PMCID: PMC6491494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal replacement enzymes are essential therapeutic options for rare congenital lysosomal enzyme deficiencies, but enzymes in clinical use are only partially effective due to short circulatory half-life and inefficient biodistribution. Replacement enzymes are primarily taken up by cell surface glycan receptors, and glycan structures influence uptake, biodistribution, and circulation time. It has not been possible to design and systematically study effects of different glycan features. Here we present a comprehensive gene engineering screen in Chinese hamster ovary cells that enables production of lysosomal enzymes with N-glycans custom designed to affect key glycan features guiding cellular uptake and circulation. We demonstrate distinct circulation time and organ distribution of selected glycoforms of α-galactosidase A in a Fabry disease mouse model, and find that an α2-3 sialylated glycoform designed to eliminate uptake by the mannose 6-phosphate and mannose receptors exhibits improved circulation time and targeting to hard-to-reach organs such as heart. The developed design matrix and engineered CHO cell lines enables systematic studies towards improving enzyme replacement therapeutics. Lysosomal replacement enzymes are taken up by cell surface receptors that recognize glycans, the effects of different glycan features are unknown. Here the authors present a gene engineering screen in CHO cells that allows custom N-glycan-decorated enzymes with improved circulation time and organ distribution.
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20
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Rodríguez-López A, Pimentel-Vera LN, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Van Hecke A, Tiels P, Tomatsu S, Callewaert N, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Characterization of Human Recombinant N-Acetylgalactosamine-6-Sulfate Sulfatase Produced in Pichia pastoris as Potential Enzyme for Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA Treatment. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2534-2541. [PMID: 30959056 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA or Morquio A syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS), leading to lysosomal storage of keratan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy using an enzyme produced in CHO cells represents the main treatment option for MPS IVA patients. As an alternative, we reported the production of an active GALNS enzyme produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris (prGALNS), which showed internalization by cultured cells through a potential receptor-mediated process and similar post-translational processing as human enzyme. In this study, we further studied the therapeutic potential of prGALNS through the characterization of the N-glycosylation structure, in vitro cell uptake and keratan sulfate reduction, and in vivo biodistribution and generation of anti-prGALNS antibodies. Taken together, these results represent an important step in the development of a P. pastoris-based platform for production of a therapeutic GALNS for MPS IVA enzyme replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Chemical Department, School of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luisa N Pimentel-Vera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angela J Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Annelies Van Hecke
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Tiels
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Departments of Orthopedics and BioMedical, Skeletal Dysplasia, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
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21
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Lieser RM, Chen W, Sullivan MO. Controlled Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligand Display on Cancer Suicide Enzymes via Unnatural Amino Acid Engineering for Enhanced Intracellular Delivery in Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:432-442. [PMID: 30615416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are ideal candidates for disease treatment because of their high specificity and potency. Despite this potential, delivery of proteins remains a significant challenge due to the intrinsic size, charge, and stability of proteins. Attempts to overcome these challenges have most commonly relied on direct conjugation of polymers and peptides to proteins via reactive groups on naturally occurring residues. While such approaches have shown some success, they allow limited control of the spacing and number of moieties coupled to proteins, which can hinder bioactivity and delivery capabilities of the therapeutic. Here, we describe a strategy to site-specifically conjugate delivery moieties to therapeutic proteins through unnatural amino acid (UAA) incorporation, in order to explore the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted ligand valency and spacing on internalization of proteins in EGFR-overexpressing inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cells. Our results demonstrate the ability to enhance targeted protein delivery by tuning a small number of EGFR ligands per protein and clustering these ligands to promote multivalent ligand-receptor interactions. Furthermore, the tailorability of this simple approach was demonstrated through IBC-targeted cell death via the delivery of yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD), a prodrug converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lieser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy Street , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy Street , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy Street , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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22
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Mullin S, Hughes D, Mehta A, Schapira AHV. Neurological effects of glucocerebrosidase gene mutations. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:388-e29. [PMID: 30315684 PMCID: PMC6492454 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson disease (PD) has been described for almost two decades. In the biallelic state (homozygous or compound heterozygous) mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) may cause GD, in which glucosylceramide, the sphingolipid substrate of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase), accumulates in visceral organs leading to a number of clinical phenotypes. In the biallelic or heterozygous state, GBA mutations increase the risk for PD. Mutations of the GBA allele are the most significant genetic risk factor for idiopathic PD, found in 5%–20% of idiopathic PD cases depending on ethnicity. The neurological consequences of GBA mutations are reviewed and the proposition that GBA mutations result in a disparate but connected range of clinically and pathologically related neurological features is discussed. The literature relating to the clinical, biochemical and genetic basis of GBA PD, type 1 GD and neuronopathic GD is considered highlighting commonalities and distinctions between them. The evidence for a unifying disease mechanism is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mullin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - D Hughes
- LSD Unit/Department of Haematology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Mehta
- LSD Unit/Department of Haematology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - A H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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23
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Non-covalent interaction between CA–TAT and calf thymus DNA: Deciphering the binding mode by in vitro studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1354-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Fast, sensitive method for trisaccharide biomarker detection in mucopolysaccharidosis type 1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3681. [PMID: 29487322 PMCID: PMC5829143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain recessively inherited diseases result from an enzyme deficiency within lysosomes. In mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a defect in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation leads to GAG accumulation followed by progressive organ and multiple system dysfunctions. Current methods of GAG analysis used to diagnose and monitor the diseases lack sensitivity and throughput. Here we report a LC-MS method with accurate metabolite mass analysis for identifying and quantifying biomarkers for MPS type I without the need for extensive sample preparation. The method revealed 225 LC-MS features that were >1000-fold enriched in urine, plasma and tissue extracts from untreated MPS I mice compared to MPS I mice treated with iduronidase to correct the disorder. Levels of several trisaccharides were elevated >10000-fold. To validate the clinical relevance of our method, we confirmed the presence of these biomarkers in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from MPS I patients and assessed changes in their levels after treatment.
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25
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Siupka P, Hersom MN, Lykke-Hartmann K, Johnsen KB, Thomsen LB, Andresen TL, Moos T, Abbott NJ, Brodin B, Nielsen MS. Bidirectional apical-basal traffic of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in brain endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2598-2613. [PMID: 28337939 PMCID: PMC5531359 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17700665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain capillary endothelium mediates the exchange of nutrients between blood and brain parenchyma. This barrier function of the brain capillaries also limits passage of pharmaceuticals from blood to brain, which hinders treatment of several neurological disorders. Receptor-mediated transport has been suggested as a potential pharmaceutical delivery route across the brain endothelium, e.g. reports have shown that the transferrin receptor (TfR) facilitates transcytosis of TfR antibodies, but it is not known whether this recycling receptor itself traffics from apical to basal membrane in the process. Here, we elucidate the endosomal trafficking of the retrograde transported cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) in primary cultures of brain endothelial cells (BECs) of porcine and bovine origin. Receptor expression and localisation of MPR300 in the endo-lysosomal system and trafficking of internalised receptor are analysed. We also demonstrate that MPR300 can undergo bidirectional apical-basal trafficking in primary BECs in co-culture with astrocytes. This is, to our knowledge, the first detailed study of retrograde transported receptor trafficking in BECs, and the study demonstrates that MPR300 can be transported from the luminal to abluminal membrane and reverse. Such trafficking of MPR300 suggests that retrograde transported receptors in general may provide a mechanism for transport of pharmaceuticals into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Siupka
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Ns Hersom
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper B Johnsen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,5 Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louiza B Thomsen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,5 Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - N Joan Abbott
- 6 Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Birger Brodin
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S Nielsen
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Wang Y, MacDonald RG, Thinakaran G, Kar S. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II/Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:2636-2658. [PMID: 26993302 PMCID: PMC5901910 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor is a multifunctional single transmembrane glycoprotein. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the structure, ligand-binding properties, and trafficking of the IGF-II/M6P receptor. This receptor has been implicated in a variety of important cellular processes including growth and development, clearance of IGF-II, proteolytic activation of enzymes, and growth factor precursors, in addition to its well-known role in the delivery of lysosomal enzymes. The IGF-II/M6P receptor, distributed widely in the central nervous system, has additional roles in mediating neurotransmitter release and memory enhancement/consolidation, possibly through activating IGF-II-related intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies suggest that overexpression of the IGF-II/M6P receptor may have an important role in regulating the levels of transcripts and proteins involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the prevalent cause of dementia affecting the elderly population in our society. It is reported that IGF-II/M6P receptor overexpression can increase the levels/processing of amyloid precursor protein leading to the generation of β-amyloid peptide, which is associated with degeneration of neurons and subsequent development of AD pathology. Given the significance of the receptor in mediating the transport and functioning of the lysosomal enzymes, it is being considered for therapeutic delivery of enzymes to the lysosomes to treat lysosomal storage disorders. Notwithstanding these results, additional studies are required to validate and fully characterize the function of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in the normal brain and its involvement in various neurodegenerative disorders including AD. It is also critical to understand the interaction between the IGF-II/M6P receptor and lysosomal enzymes in neurodegenerative processes, which may shed some light on developing approaches to detect and prevent neurodegeneration through the dysfunction of the receptor and the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R G MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - G Thinakaran
- Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - S Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
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27
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Cohen-Pfeffer JL, Gururangan S, Lester T, Lim DA, Shaywitz AJ, Westphal M, Slavc I. Intracerebroventricular Delivery as a Safe, Long-Term Route of Drug Administration. Pediatr Neurol 2017; 67:23-35. [PMID: 28089765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intrathecal delivery methods have been used for many decades to treat a broad range of central nervous system disorders. A literature review demonstrated that intracerebroventricular route is an established and well-tolerated method for prolonged central nervous system drug delivery in pediatric and adult populations. Intracerebroventricular devices were present in patients from one to 7156 days. The number of punctures per device ranged from 2 to 280. Noninfectious complication rates per patient (range, 1.0% to 33.0%) were similar to infectious complication rates (0.0% to 27.0%). Clinician experience and training and the use of strict aseptic techniques have been shown to reduce the frequency of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Hamill KM, Wexselblatt E, Tong W, Esko JD, Tor Y. Delivery of Cargo to Lysosomes Using GNeosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1594:151-163. [PMID: 28456981 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6934-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been used to improve the intracellular delivery of a variety of cargos. Encapsulation of cargos in liposomes leads to improved plasma half-lives and minimized degradation. Here, we present a method for improving the selective delivery of liposomes to the lysosomes using a guanidinylated neomycin (GNeo) transporter. The method for synthesizing GNeo-lipids, incorporating them into liposomes, and the enhanced lysosomal delivery of encapsulated cargo are presented. GNeo-liposomes, termed GNeosomes, are capable of delivering a fluorescent dye to the lysosomes of Chinese hamster ovary cells as shown using confocal microscopy. GNeosomes can also be used to deliver therapeutic quantities of lysosomal enzymes to fibroblasts isolated from patients with a lysosomal storage disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Hamill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Wenyong Tong
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.
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29
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30
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Cabrera I, Abasolo I, Corchero JL, Elizondo E, Gil PR, Moreno E, Faraudo J, Sala S, Bueno D, González-Mira E, Rivas M, Melgarejo M, Pulido D, Albericio F, Royo M, Villaverde A, García-Parajo MF, Schwartz S, Ventosa N, Veciana J. α-Galactosidase-A Loaded-Nanoliposomes with Enhanced Enzymatic Activity and Intracellular Penetration. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:829-40. [PMID: 26890358 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are caused by lysosomal dysfunction usually as a consequence of deficiency of a single enzyme required for the metabolism of macromolecules, such as lipids, glycoproteins, and mucopolysaccharides. For instance, the lack of α-galactosidase A (GLA) activity in Fabry disease patients causes the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in the vasculature leading to multiple organ pathology. Enzyme replacement therapy, which is the most common treatment of LSD, exhibits several drawbacks mainly related to the instability and low efficacy of the exogenously administered therapeutic enzyme. In this work, the unprecedented increased enzymatic activity and intracellular penetration achieved by the association of a human recombinant GLA to nanoliposomes functionalized with Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD) peptides is reported. Moreover, these new GLA loaded nanoliposomes lead to a higher efficacy in the reduction of the GLA substrate named globotriasylceramide in a cellular model of Fabry disease, than that achieved by the same concentration of the free enzyme. The preparation of these new liposomal formulations by DELOS-SUSP, based on the depressurization of a CO2 -expanded liquid organic solution, shows the great potential of this CO2 -based methodology for the one-step production of protein-nanoliposome conjugates as bioactive nanomaterials with therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Cabrera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- CIBBIM-Nanomedicine; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08035 Barcelona Spain
| | - José L. Corchero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Elisa Elizondo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Pilar Rivera Gil
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Evelyn Moreno
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Santi Sala
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Dolores Bueno
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Elisabet González-Mira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Merche Rivas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques; Mediterranean Technology Park; 08860 Castelldefels Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Melgarejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit; Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Pulido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit; Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Barcelona Science Park; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit; Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Maria F. García-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques; Mediterranean Technology Park; 08860 Castelldefels Barcelona Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- CIBBIM-Nanomedicine; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08035 Barcelona Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de Bellaterra; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Spain
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31
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Gramlich PA, Westbroek W, Feldman RA, Awad O, Mello N, Remington MP, Sun Y, Zhang W, Sidransky E, Betenbaugh MJ, Fishman PS. A peptide-linked recombinant glucocerebrosidase for targeted neuronal delivery: Design, production, and assessment. J Biotechnol 2016; 221:1-12. [PMID: 26795355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although recombinant glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is the standard therapy for the inherited lysosomal storage disease Gaucher's disease (GD), enzyme replacement is not effective when the central nervous system is affected. We created a series of recombinant genes/proteins where GCase was linked to different membrane binding peptides including the Tat peptide, the rabies glycoprotein derived peptide (RDP), the binding domain from tetanus toxin (TTC), and a tetanus like peptide (Tet1). The majority of these proteins were well-expressed in a mammalian producer cell line (HEK 293F). Purified recombinant Tat-GCase and RDP-GCase showed similar GCase protein delivery to a neuronal cell line that genetically lacks the functional enzyme, and greater delivery than control GCase, Cerezyme (Genzyme). This initial result was unexpected based on observations of superior protein delivery to neurons with RDP as a vector. A recombinant protein where a fragment of the flexible hinge region from IgA (IgAh) was introduced between RDP and GCase showed substantially enhanced GCase neuronal delivery (2.5 times over Tat-GCase), suggesting that the original construct resulted in interference with the capacity of RDP to bind neuronal membranes. Extended treatment of these knockout neuronal cells with either Tat-GCase or RDP-IgAh-GCase resulted in an >90% reduction in the lipid substrate glucosylsphingosine, approaching normal levels. Further in vivo studies of RDP-IgAh-GCase as well as Tat-GCase are warranted to assess their potential as treatments for neuronopathic forms of GD. These peptide vectors are especially attractive as they have the potential to carry a protein across the blood-brain barrier, avoiding invasive direct brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gramlich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care Service, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Wendy Westbroek
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo A Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - Ola Awad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Mello
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care Service, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - Mary P Remington
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Fishman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care Service, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lakshmanan VK. Therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines for prostate cancer: An update. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:21-9. [PMID: 26966723 PMCID: PMC4778751 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer nanomedicine have attracted remarkable attention in medical sectors. Pharmacologic research on nanomedicines, including targeted cancer therapy, has increased dramatically in the past 5 years. The success stories of nanomedicines in the clinical field include the fabrication of nanomedicines that show maximum loading efficiency into carriers, maximal release kinetics, and minimum toxicity to healthy cells. Nanoparticle-mediated medicines have been developed to specifically target prostate cancer tissue by use of aptamers, antibody targeting, and sustained release of nanomedicines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nanomedicines have been developed for therapeutic application in combination with image-guided therapy in real time. The scope of one of these nanomedicines, Abraxane (paclitaxel), may be extended to prostate cancer therapeutic applications for better quality of patient life and longer survival. This review provides an update on the latest directions and developments in nanomedicines for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Utilization of Glycosaminoglycans/Proteoglycans as Carriers for Targeted Therapy Delivery. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:537560. [PMID: 26448753 PMCID: PMC4581573 DOI: 10.1155/2015/537560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of patients with cancer has improved significantly in the past decade with the incorporation of drugs targeting cell surface adhesive receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and modulation of several molecules of extracellular matrices (ECMs), the complex composite of collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans that dictates tissue architecture. Cancer tissue invasive processes progress by various oncogenic strategies, including interfering with ECM molecules and their interactions with invasive cells. In this review, we describe how the ECM components, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, influence tumor cell signaling. In particular this review describes how the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) and its major receptor CD44 impact invasive behavior of tumor cells, and provides useful insight when designing new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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Espejo-Mojica ÁJ, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Rodríguez A, Mosquera Á, Díaz D, Beltrán L, Díaz S, Pimentel N, Moreno J, Sánchez J, Sánchez OF, Córdoba H, Poutou-Piñales RA, Barrera LA. Human recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in microorganisms. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:13-23. [PMID: 26071627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are caused by accumulation of partially degraded substrates within the lysosome, as a result of a function loss of a lysosomal protein. Recombinant lysosomal proteins are usually produced in mammalian cells, based on their capacity to carry out post-translational modifications similar to those observed in human native proteins. However, during the last years, a growing number of studies have shown the possibility to produce active forms of lysosomal proteins in other expression systems, such as plants and microorganisms. In this paper, we review the production and characterization of human lysosomal proteins, deficient in several LSDs, which have been produced in microorganisms. For this purpose, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Ogataea minuta have been used as expression systems. The recombinant lysosomal proteins expressed in these hosts have shown similar substrate specificities, and temperature and pH stability profiles to those produced in mammalian cells. In addition, pre-clinical results have shown that recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in microorganisms can be taken-up by cells and reduce the substrate accumulated within the lysosome. Recently, metabolic engineering in yeasts has allowed the production of lysosomal enzymes with tailored N-glycosylations, while progresses in E. coli N-glycosylations offer a potential platform to improve the production of these recombinant lysosomal enzymes. In summary, microorganisms represent convenient platform for the production of recombinant lysosomal proteins for biochemical and physicochemical characterization, as well as for the development of ERT for LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela J Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Alexander Rodríguez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Chemical Department, School of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ángela Mosquera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dennis Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Beltrán
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Pimentel
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jefferson Moreno
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhonnathan Sánchez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar F Sánchez
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Henry Córdoba
- Chemical Department, School of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Raúl A Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A Barrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Hasanagic M, Waheed A, Eissenberg JC. Different Pathways to the Lysosome: Sorting out Alternatives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 320:75-101. [PMID: 26614872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research supports a model in which hydrolytic enzymes of mammalian lysosomes are sorted to their destinations in a receptor-dependent mechanism. The ligand for the mammalian sorting receptors is mannose 6-phosphate (M6P). Two M6P receptors have been defined in mammals. Here, we review the foundational evidence supporting this mechanism and highlight the remaining gaps in our understanding of the mammalian mechanism, including evidence for M6P-independent sorting, and its relevance to lysosomal enzyme sorting in metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Hasanagic
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel C Eissenberg
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Vaillant O, Cheikh KE, Warther D, Brevet D, Maynadier M, Bouffard E, Salgues F, Jeanjean A, Puche P, Mazerolles C, Maillard P, Mongin O, Blanchard-Desce M, Raehm L, Rébillard X, Durand JO, Gary-Bobo M, Morère A, Garcia M. Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor: A Target for Theranostics of Prostate Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor: A Target for Theranostics of Prostate Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5952-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Construction of human LRIG1-TAT fusions and TAT-mediated LRIG1 protein delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:396-401. [PMID: 25661388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG1) is a tumor suppressor in animals and also functions as an endogenous suppressor in human tumor. The level of LRIG1 expression is highly associated with patient survival in clinic. The exploration of LRIG1 as a protein drug is an important task. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription peptide (TAT) is an excellent candidate for protein transduction. In this study, human LRIG1 was cloned and LRIG1-TAT fusion gene was constructed. The fusion proteins were produced by an Escherichia coli strain and purified by Ni(2+)-resin. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence microscopy were employed for monitoring LRIG1-TAT protein transduction into human neuroblastoma cells. Cell proliferation and invasion were measured for evaluating the effect of LRIG1-TAT on neuroblastoma cell. Our data showed that LRIG1 protein can be delivered into cells or organs in living animals by TAT. One-time transduction of LRIG1 proteins into human neuroblastoma cells enhanced cell proliferation and increased cell invasion. In vivo transduction showed that LRIG1-TAT protein can be presented in living animal organs. Our experiments provide a new vision on LRIG1 applications and also offer a therapy window for revealing the intrinsic function of LRIG1 on cells.
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Heartlein M, Kimura A. Discovery and Clinical Development of Idursulfase (Elaprase®) for the Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter Syndrome). ORPHAN DRUGS AND RARE DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782624202-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder with an incidence of 1 in 100 000 to 160 000 live births. The clinical disease is caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase, which results in a chronic and progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans or GAGs in nearly all cell types, tissues and organs of the body. Clinical manifestations of MPS II disease include airway obstruction and compromised lung capacity, cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease, hepatosplenomegaly, severe skeletal deformities, and neurological decline in most patients. The lack of an effective treatment and the successes of enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) for other lysosomal storage diseases motivated the development of an ERT for MPS II. Iduronate-2-sulfatase (idursulfase) was produced by recombinant DNA technology in a fully human protein production system which, importantly, resulted in the production of idursulfase with human glycosylation. The non-clinical development of idursulfase progressed from proof-of-principle pharmacodynamic studies, to dose and dose-frequency studies, to an analysis of tissue biodistribution of the enzyme, and finally to pharmacokinetic and toxicological assessments. The clinical development of the final drug product, called Elaprase® (Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., Lexington, MA), consisted of an initial Phase I/II study, followed by a Phase II/III pivotal trial. The results of the Phase II/III showed that intravenous infusions of Elaprase were generally well tolerated, and that a weekly dosing regimen provided significant clinical benefit to MPS II patients as demonstrated by improvements in walking ability and pulmonary function. Elaprase received marketing authorisation in the USA in 2006 and in Europe in 2007. During this era, the development of Elaprase as an effective therapy for MPS II patients, was part of a continuum of many important scientific and medical advances in the field of rare genetic diseases.
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Katz ML, Coates JR, Sibigtroth CM, Taylor JD, Carpentier M, Young WM, Wininger FA, Kennedy D, Vuillemenot BR, O'Neill CA. Enzyme replacement therapy attenuates disease progression in a canine model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2 disease). J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1591-8. [PMID: 24938720 PMCID: PMC4263309 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Using a canine model of classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2 disease), a study was conducted to evaluate the potential pharmacological activity of recombinant human tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (rhTPP1) enzyme replacement therapy administered directly to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CLN2 disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder resulting from mutations in CLN2, which encodes the soluble lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1). Infants with mutations in both CLN2 alleles develop normally but in the late-infantile/early-childhood period undergo progressive neurological decline accompanied by pronounced brain atrophy. The disorder, a form of Batten disease, is uniformly fatal, with clinical signs starting between 2 and 4 years of age and death usually occurring by the early teenage years. Dachshunds homozygous for a null mutation in the canine ortholog of CLN2 (TPP1) exhibit a similar disorder that progresses to end stage at 10.5–11 months of age. Administration of rhTPP1 via infusion into the CSF every other week, starting at approximately 2.5 months of age, resulted in dose-dependent significant delays in disease progression, as measured by delayed onset of neurologic deficits, improved performance on a cognitive function test, reduced brain atrophy, and increased life span. Based on these findings, a clinical study evaluating the potential therapeutic value of rhTPP1 administration into the CSF of children with CLN2 disease has been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Insulin-like growth factor II peptide fusion enables uptake and lysosomal delivery of α-N-acetylglucosaminidase to mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB fibroblasts. Biochem J 2014; 458:281-9. [PMID: 24266751 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IIIB (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB; also known as Sanfilippo B syndrome) has been hindered by inadequate mannose 6 phosphorylation and cellular uptake of rhNAGLU (recombinant human α-N-acetylglucosaminidase). We expressed and characterized a modified rhNAGLU fused to the receptor-binding motif of IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor 2) (rhNAGLU-IGF-II) to enhance its ability to enter cells using the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, which is also the receptor for IGF-II (at a different binding site). RhNAGLU-IGF-II was stably expressed in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells, secreted and purified to apparent homogeneity. The Km and pH optimum of the fusion enzyme was similar to those reported for rhNAGLU. Both intracellular uptake and confocal microscopy suggested that MPS IIIB fibroblasts readily take up the fusion enzyme via receptor-mediated endocytosis that was inhibited significantly (P<0.001) by the monomeric IGF-II peptide. Glycosaminoglycan storage was reduced by 60% (P<0.001) to near background levels in MPS IIIB cells after treatment with rhNAGLU-IGF-II, with half-maximal correction at concentrations of 3-12 pM. A similar cellular uptake mechanism via the IGF-II receptor was also demonstrated in two different brain tumour-derived cell lines. Fusion of rhNAGLU to IGF-II enhanced its cellular uptake while maintaining enzymatic activity, supporting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for treating MPS IIIB.
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Cattelan P, Dolcetta D, Hladnik U, Fortunati E. HIV-1 TAT-mediated protein transduction of human HPRT into deficient cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:114-9. [PMID: 24129187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a severe and incurable X-linked genetic syndrome caused by the deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), resulting in severe alterations of central nervous system, hyperuricemia and subsequent impaired renal functions. Therapeutic options consist in supportive care and treatments of complications, but the disease remains largely untreatable. Enzyme replacement of the malfunctioning cytosolic protein might represent a possible therapeutic approach for the LND treatment. Protein transduction domains, such as the TAT peptide derived from HIV TAT protein, have been used to transduce macromolecules into cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study was aimed to the generation of TAT peptide fused to human HPRT for cell transduction in enzyme deficient cells. Here we document the construction, expression and delivery of a functional HPRT enzyme into deficient cells by TAT transduction domain and by liposome mediated protein transfer. With this approach we demonstrate the correction of the enzymatic defect in HPRT deficient cells. Our data show for the first time the feasibility of the enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of LND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cattelan
- 'Mauro Baschirotto' Institute for Rare Diseases-B.I.R.D., 36023 Costozza di Longare, Vicenza, Italy
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Sly WS, Vogler C. The final frontier -- crossing the blood-brain barrier. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:655-7. [PMID: 23653302 PMCID: PMC3662309 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William S Sly
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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HIV Tat Domain Improves Cross-correction of Human Galactocerebrosidase in a Gene- and Flanking Sequence-dependent Manner. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e130. [PMID: 24150577 PMCID: PMC4027426 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a devastating neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC). Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for Krabbe disease. As the human brain is large and it is difficult to achieve global gene transduction, the efficacy of cross-correction is a critical determinant of the outcome of gene therapy for this disease. We investigated whether HIV Tat protein transduction domain (PTD) can improve the cross-correction of GALC. Tat-PTD significantly increased (~6-fold) cross-correction of GALC through enhanced secretion and uptake in a cell-culture model system. The effects of Tat-PTD were gene and flanking amino acids dependent. Tat-fusion increased the secretion of α-galactosidase A (α-gal A), but this did not improve its cross-correction. Tat-fusion did not change either secretion or uptake of β-glucocerebrosidase (GC). Tat-PTD increased GALC protein synthesis, abolished reactivity of GC to the 8E4 antibody, and likely reduced mannose phosphorylation in all these lysosomal enzymes. This study demonstrated that Tat-PTD can be useful for increasing cross-correction efficiency of lysosomal enzymes. However, Tat-PTD is not a mere adhesive motif but possesses a variety of biological functions. Therefore, the potential beneficial effect of Tat-PTD should be assessed individually on each lysosomal enzyme.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e130; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.57; published online 22 October 2013.
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Christianson HC, Belting M. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a cell-surface endocytosis receptor. Matrix Biol 2013; 35:51-5. [PMID: 24145152 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
How various macromolecules are exchanged between cells and how they gain entry into recipient cells are fundamental questions in cell biology with important implications e.g. non-viral drug delivery, infectious disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer. The role of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as a cell-surface receptor of diverse macromolecular cargo has recently been manifested. Exosomes, cell penetrating peptides, polycation-nucleic acid complexes, viruses, lipoproteins, growth factors and morphogens among other ligands enter cells through HSPG-mediated endocytosis. Key questions that partially have been unraveled over recent years include the respective roles of HSPG core protein and HS chain structure specificity for macromolecular cargo endocytosis, the down-stream intracellular signaling events involved in HSPG-dependent membrane invagination and vesicle formation, and the biological significance of the HSPG transport pathway. Here, we discuss the intriguing role of HSPGs as a major entry pathway of macromolecules in mammalian cells with emphasis on recent in vitro and in vivo data that provide compelling evidence of HSPG as an autonomous endocytosis receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital & Oncology Clinic, Lund, Sweden.
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Tomatsu S, Fujii T, Fukushi M, Oguma T, Shimada T, Maeda M, Kida K, Shibata Y, Futatsumori H, Montaño AM, Mason RW, Yamaguchi S, Suzuki Y, Orii T. Newborn screening and diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:42-53. [PMID: 23860310 PMCID: PMC4047214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzyme activities needed to degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides. GAGs include: chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS), keratan sulfate (KS), and hyaluronan. Their catabolism may be blocked singly or in combination depending on the specific enzyme deficiency. There are 11 known enzyme deficiencies, resulting in seven distinct forms of MPS with a collective incidence of higher than 1 in 25,000 live births. Accumulation of undegraded metabolites in lysosomes gives rise to distinct clinical syndromes. Generally, the clinical conditions progress if untreated, leading to developmental delay, systemic skeletal deformities, and early death. MPS disorders are potentially treatable with enzyme replacement therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For maximum benefit of available therapies, early detection and intervention are critical. We recently developed a novel high-throughput multiplex method to assay DS, HS, and KS simultaneously in blood samples by using high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for MPS. The overall performance metrics of HS and DS values on MPS I, II, and VII patients vs. healthy controls at newborns were as follows using a given set of cut-off values: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 98.5-99.4%; positive predictive value, 54.5-75%; false positive rate, 0.62-1.54%; and false negative rate, 0%. These findings show that the combined measurements of these three GAGs are sensitive and specific for detecting all types of MPS with acceptable false negative/positive rates. In addition, this method will also be used for monitoring therapeutic efficacy. We review the history of GAG assay and application to diagnosis for MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19899-0269, USA.
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Sakhrani NM, Padh H. Organelle targeting: third level of drug targeting. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2013; 7:585-99. [PMID: 23898223 PMCID: PMC3718765 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s45614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery and drug delivery are two main aspects for treatment of a variety of disorders. However, the real bottleneck associated with systemic drug administration is the lack of target-specific affinity toward a pathological site, resulting in systemic toxicity and innumerable other side effects as well as higher dosage requirement for efficacy. An attractive strategy to increase the therapeutic index of a drug is to specifically deliver the therapeutic molecule in its active form, not only into target tissue, nor even to target cells, but more importantly, into the targeted organelle, ie, to its intracellular therapeutic active site. This would ensure improved efficacy and minimize toxicity. Cancer chemotherapy today faces the major challenge of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs exclusively to tumor cells, while sparing normal proliferating cells. Nanoparticles play a crucial role by acting as a vehicle for delivery of drugs to target sites inside tumor cells. In this review, we spotlight active and passive targeting, followed by discussion of the importance of targeting to specific cell organelles and the potential role of cell-penetrating peptides. Finally, the discussion will address the strategies for drug/DNA targeting to lysosomes, mitochondria, nuclei and Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj M Sakhrani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BV Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Gujarat, India
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Abbott NJ. Blood-brain barrier structure and function and the challenges for CNS drug delivery. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:437-49. [PMID: 23609350 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) require precise control of their bathing microenvironment for optimal function, and an important element in this control is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is formed by the endothelial cells lining the brain microvessels, under the inductive influence of neighbouring cell types within the 'neurovascular unit' (NVU) including astrocytes and pericytes. The endothelium forms the major interface between the blood and the CNS, and by a combination of low passive permeability and presence of specific transport systems, enzymes and receptors regulates molecular and cellular traffic across the barrier layer. A number of methods and models are available for examining BBB permeation in vivo and in vitro, and can give valuable information on the mechanisms by which therapeutic agents and constructs permeate, ways to optimize permeation, and implications for drug discovery, delivery and toxicity. For treating lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), models can be included that mimic aspects of the disease, including genetically-modified animals, and in vitro models can be used to examine the effects of cells of the NVU on the BBB under pathological conditions. For testing CNS drug delivery, several in vitro models now provide reliable prediction of penetration of drugs including large molecules and artificial constructs with promising potential in treating LSDs. For many of these diseases it is still not clear how best to deliver appropriate drugs to the CNS, and a concerted approach using a variety of models and methods can give critical insights and indicate practical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Joan Abbott
- BBB Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.
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50
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Akour AA, Kennedy MJ, Gerk P. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis across Human Placenta: Emphasis on Megalin. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1269-78. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Akour
- Departments
of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science and Pharmaceutics, School
of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mary Jayne Kennedy
- Departments
of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science and Pharmaceutics, School
of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Phillip Gerk
- Departments
of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science and Pharmaceutics, School
of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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