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Poulsen W, Christensen K, Dalgård C. Dietary patterns and survival to 100 + years: an empty systematic review of cohort and case–control studies. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:161. [PMID: 35768834 PMCID: PMC9241213 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Centenarians are used as a model of healthy ageing and longevity. Diet is a factor known to affect mortality in middle aged adults and elderly. However, it is unknown whether diet has an impact on survival to 100 + years. The aims of this systematic review were to summarize the evidence on (i) the association between dietary patterns in late adult life and survival to 100 + years and (ii) the common characteristics across dietary patterns that are shown to be positively associated with survival to 100 + years.
Methods
We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE, and a hand search at four longevity projects homepages up to 4 June 2021. We searched for cohort and case–control studies investigating the association between dietary patterns and all-cause mortality among individuals aged ≥ 65 years at enrolment regardless of their health status and residence. Studies were excluded if follow-up was performed too soon to allow the population or a subgroup of it to have become 100 + years of age.
Results
Of 3,685 identified records 108 reports were retrieved and full text screened. No studies met our inclusion criteria, thus the review process resulted in no eligible studies found. Hence, no risk of bias assessment and no synthesis of data was performed.
Conclusions
No studies have investigated dietary patterns in late adult life in relation to survival to 100 + years of age. We have observed that as of June 2021 published cohort studies exist investigating all-cause mortality risk from different dietary patterns among the oldest old, but follow-up has been performed before the cohort could have reached 100 years of age. However, cohorts do exist where data on dietary habits in adult life has been collected decades ago and where follow-up in 2022 will allow the participants to have become 100 + years old.
Registration
The review protocol is published at University of Southern Denmark’s Research Portal (Poulsen et al. Dietary Patterns and Survival to 100 + Years: Protocol for a Systematic Review of cohort and case–control studies University of Southern Denmark's Research Portal: University of Southern Denmark, 2021) available at https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/kostm%C3%B8nstre-og-overlevelse-til-100-%C3%A5r-protokol-for-en-systematisk. We have specified aim (i) of our research question in this report compared to the protocol, by adding “late” to “adult life”.
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Caruso C, Accardi G, Aiello A, Calabrò A, Ligotti ME, Candore G. Lessons from Sicilian Centenarians for Anti-Ageing Medicine. The Oxi-Inflammatory Status. Transl Med UniSa 2022; 24:16-23. [PMID: 36447947 PMCID: PMC9673988 DOI: 10.37825/2239-9754.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Population ageing is a great achievement of humanity, but it also represents a challenge that the Western world is currently facing, as ageing is associated with increased susceptibility to age-related inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms of healthy ageing to prevent the harmful aspects of ageing. The study of long living individuals (LLIs) is a great model for trying to achieve this goal. Accordingly, the oxy-inflammatory status of Sicilian LLIs was reviewed in the present paper. Based on the reported data, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress strategies have been discussed, useful for delaying or avoiding the onset of age-related diseases, thus favouring a healthy ageing process.
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Extreme Longevity: Analysis of the Direct or Indirect Influence of Environmental Factors on Old, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Cilento, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031589. [PMID: 35162611 PMCID: PMC8834812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Longevity is rightly considered one of the greatest achievements of modern society, an achievement understood as the possibility of increasing the healthy part of life and not only its full duration. This study investigated the phenomenon of regional longevity in Cilento by analyzing the association between longevity indicators and some environmental factors, in order to understand if factors such as altitude, climate, UNESCO protected areas, and hinterland can directly or indirectly influence the measure of healthy living and lead to longevity. Demographic and environmental data were collected through the Archives of the Cilento municipalities, the National Institute of Statistics, the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, and the Italian National Commission for UNESCO. The Geographically Weighted Regression were used to determine the association between longevity indicators and environmental factors. Correlation analysis between the longevity indicators was investigated in order to have a complete picture of longevity in Cilento. It was discovered that Cilento longevity is mainly found in the central area of the territory and from there, by age groups, it widens towards the south-eastern area. This designated area is part of the hilly area of the Cilento, at an altitude between 400 and 700 m above sea level. The towns of this area are part of the UNESCO heritage and are characterized by a transitional climate between Mediterranean and temperate climate. Moreover, the correlation analysis between the six indicators of longevity has confirmed a linear relationship between the six variables and this indicates that in the years to come there will be the probabilities of a generational turn over between the old, great old, nonagenarians and current centenarians, provided that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic subsides.
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D'Angelo S. Current Evidence on the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols Intake on Brain Health. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200714160126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In recent years, the possibility of favorably influencing the cognitive capacity
through the promotion of lifestyle modifications has been increasingly investigated. In particular,
the relationship between nutritional habits and brain health has attracted special attention. Polyphenols
are secondary metabolites of plants. These phytochemicals are present in vegetables, fruits, legumes,
olive oil, nuts. They include several antioxidant compounds and are generally considered to be
involved in defense against chronic human diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing scientific
interest in their potential health benefits to the brain.
Objective:
In this mini-review, we focus on the current evidence defining the position of polyphenols
dietary intake in the prevention/slowdown of human neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods:
A literature research was performed using the keywords “polyphenols”, “brain”, “nutrition”,
individually or all together, focusing on human trials.
Results:
The available clinical studies on the effect of polyphenols on cognitive functions are quite
convincing. Regular dietary intake of polyphenols would seem to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative
diseases. Moreover, beyond their beneficial power on the central nervous system, these phytochemicals
seem also to be able to work on numerous cellular targets. They show different biological
actions, that however, have to be confirmed in long-term randomized clinical trials. Currently, most
data propose that a combination of phytonutrients instead of any single polyphenol is responsible for
health benefits.
Conclusions:
Evolving indications suggest that dietary polyphenols may exercise beneficial actions
on the central nervous system, thus representing a possible tool to preserve cognitive performance.
Key questions to improve the coherence and reproducibility in the development of polyphenols as a
possible future therapeutic drug require a better understanding of the sources of polyphenols, their
treatment and more standardized tests including bioavailability of bioactive metabolites and studies
of permeability of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
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5
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Accardi G, Aprile S, Candore G, Caruso C, Cusimano R, Cristaldi L, Di Bona D, Duro G, Galimberti D, Gambino CM, Ligotti ME, Mazzucco W, Vasto S, Aiello A. Genotypic and Phenotypic Aspects of Longevity: Results from a Sicilian Survey and Implication for the Prevention and Treatment of Age-related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:228-235. [PMID: 30864497 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190313115233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that long living individuals are a model of successful ageing and that the identification of both genetic variants and environmental factors that predispose to a long and healthy life is of tremendous interest for translational medicine. METHODS We present the preliminary findings obtained from an ongoing study on longevity conducted on a sample of Sicilian long-lived individuals. RESULTS We review the characteristics of longevity in Sicily, taking into account lifestyle, environment, genetics, hematochemical values, body composition and immunophenotype. In addition, we discuss the possible implications of our data for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases. CONCLUSION As widely discussed in this review, the explanation of the role of genetics and lifestyle in longevity can provide important information on how to develop drugs and/or behaviours that can slow down or delay ageing. Thus, it will be possible to understand, through a "positive biology" approach, how to prevent and/or reduce elderly frailty and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accardi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy
| | - Stefano Aprile
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy.,Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Via Monte Cristallo, 1, 20159 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cusimano
- Local Health Unit 6, via Giacomo Cusmano, 24, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Cristaldi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Damiano Galimberti
- Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Via Monte Cristallo, 1, 20159 Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy
| | - Walter Mazzucco
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother to Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, via del Vespro, 133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy
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Romana-Souza B, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Olive oil reduces chronic psychological stress-induced skin aging in mice through the NF-κB and NRF2 pathways. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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7
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Foscolou A, Critselis E, Tyrovolas S, Chrysohoou C, Sidossis LS, Naumovski N, Matalas AL, Rallidis L, Polychronopoulos E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Haro JM, Panagiotakos D. The Effect of Exclusive Olive Oil Consumption on Successful Aging: A Combined Analysis of the ATTICA and MEDIS Epidemiological Studies. Foods 2019; 8:foods8010025. [PMID: 30642026 PMCID: PMC6352251 DOI: 10.3390/foods8010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of dietary fats, which occur naturally in various foods, poses important impacts on health. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of exclusive use of olive oil for culinary purposes with successful aging in adults aged >50 years old and residing in Greece. Use of olive oil in food preparation and bio-clinical characteristics of the Greek participants enrolled in the ATTICA (n = 1128 adults from Athens metropolitan area) and the MEDiterranean Islands Study (MEDIS) (n = 2221 adults from various Greek islands and Mani) studies, were investigated in relation to successful aging (SA). Participants were divided into the following three categories: (a) no olive oil consumption; (b) combined consumption of olive oil and other dietary fats; and (c) exclusive olive oil consumption. The SA was measured using the previously validated successful aging index (SAI). After adjusting for age, sex, and smoking habits, combined consumption of olive oil and other fats (vs. no olive oil use) was not significantly associated with SAI levels (p = 0.114). However, exclusive olive oil intake (vs. no use of olive oil) was significantly associated with SAI (p = 0.001), particularly among those aged older than 70 years. Therefore, the exclusive consumption of olive oil, as opposed to either combined or no olive oil consumption, beneficially impacts successful aging, particularly among individuals over 70 years of age. Primary public health prevention strategies should seek to encourage the enhanced adoption of such dietary practices in order to promote healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Foscolou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Elena Critselis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, 08830 Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid CIBER of Mental Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT 2061 Canberra, Australia.
| | - Antonia-Leda Matalas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Loukianos Rallidis
- Second Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Polychronopoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid CIBER of Mental Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, 08830 Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid CIBER of Mental Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT 2061 Canberra, Australia.
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8
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Caprara G. Diet and longevity: The effects of traditional eating habits on human lifespan extension. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the dawn of time human beings have been trying to improve the quality of the existence and extend their lifespan. Genetic, environmental, behavioral and dietary factors influence the pathways that regulate aging and life expectancy, thus rendering longevity a very complex phenomenon. Although a long-lived elixir has not yet been found, physicians and scientists agree that nutrition has a major impact on the overall mortality and morbidity, hence becoming the subject of a widespread scientific research. This review describes, analyzes and compares the effects of different types of diets in reducing the onset of typical Western countries non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (cardiovascular diseases, tumors, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, etc.), thus increasing the average lifespan. It will first depict the most relevant characteristics, nutraceutical properties and effects on the populations of the Mediterranean, Japanese, Vegetarian and New Nordic Diet. Finally, it will describe the impact of different dietary restrictions in modulating the genetic pathways that regulate metabolism and aging. Overall, this work reinforces the evidence that specific eating habits, in addition to healthy and active lifestyles, are crucial to increase people’s health span and to achieve an optimal longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caprara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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9
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Puca AA, Spinelli C, Accardi G, Villa F, Caruso C. Centenarians as a model to discover genetic and epigenetic signatures of healthy ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Maijo M, Ivory K, Clements SJ, Dainty JR, Jennings A, Gillings R, Fairweather-Tait S, Gulisano M, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Carding SR, Nicoletti C. One-Year Consumption of a Mediterranean-Like Dietary Pattern With Vitamin D3 Supplements Induced Small Scale but Extensive Changes of Immune Cell Phenotype, Co-receptor Expression and Innate Immune Responses in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Results From the United Kingdom Arm of the NU-AGE Trial. Front Physiol 2018; 9:997. [PMID: 30093866 PMCID: PMC6070774 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the major features of aging are chronic low grade inflammation and a decline in immune function. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered to be a valuable tool to improve health status, and although beneficial effects have been reported, to date, immunological outcomes have not been extensively studied. We aimed to test the hypothesis that 1 year of a tailored intervention based on the MedDiet with vitamin D (10 μg/day) would improve innate immune responses in healthy elderly subjects (65-79 years) from the English cohort (272 subjects recruited) of the NU-AGE randomized, controlled study (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01754012). Of the 272 subjects forming the United Kingdom cohort a subgroup of 122 subjects (61 in the intervention group and 61 in the control group) was used to evaluate ex vivo innate immune response, phenotype of circulating immune cells, and levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated for all the parameters analyzed. After adjustment by gender, MedDiet-females with a BMI < 31 kg/m2 had a significant upregulation of circulating CD40+CD86+ cells (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.01-11.75, P = 0.0437). Furthermore, in all MedDiet subjects, regardless of gender, we observed a MedDiet-dependent changes, although not statistically significant of immune-critical parameters including T cell degranulation, cytokine production and co-receptor expression. Overall, our study showed that adherence to an individually tailored Mediterranean-like dietary pattern with a daily low dose of vitamin D3 supplements for 1 year modified a large variety of parameters of immune function in healthy, elderly subjects. We interpreted these data as showing that the MedDiet in later life could improve aspects of innate immunity and thus it could aid the design of strategies to counteract age-associated disturbances. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01754012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Maijo
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Ivory
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Clements
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jack R Dainty
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simon R Carding
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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11
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Foscolou A, Koloverou E, Matalas AL, Tyrovolas S, Chrysohoou C, Sidossis L, Rallidis L, Panagiotakos DB. Decomposition of Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Successful Aging, Among Older Adults: A Combined Analysis of Two Epidemiological Studies. J Aging Health 2018; 31:1549-1567. [PMID: 29938559 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318780608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association of Mediterranean food group consumption with successful aging (SA), among people more than 50 years old. Method: Dietary habits, as well as several bio-clinical characteristics of the Greek participants enrolled in the ATTICA (n = 1,128 men and women from Athens metropolitan area) and the MEDIS (n = 2,221 men and women from selected Greek islands) cohort studies were investigated in relation to SA; SA was measured using a validated 10-scale index. Results: Multivariate discriminant food group analysis revealed that legumes consumption, followed by vegetables, cereals, and poultry were associated with higher levels of SA index (explained variability: 7.9%), mainly among islanders, but not among mainland participants. Further analysis revealed that alcohol consumption was positively associated with SA for mainlanders (ATTICA study) but inversely for islanders (MEDIS study; all p's < .05). Conclusion: The differential and hierarchical effect of various foods on SA and the diet-environmental interaction revealed in the present work may help health professionals to better understand the role of diet on SA, and to prioritize the nutritional needs of older people for better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Foscolou
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Efi Koloverou
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia-Leda Matalas
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,2 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Labros Sidossis
- 4 Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Loukianos Rallidis
- 5 Second Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,6 Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia.,7 School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, LA TROBE University, Australia
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12
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Adherence to Mediterranean diet and nutritional status in a sample of nonagenarians. Exp Gerontol 2017; 103:57-62. [PMID: 29274395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to describe the adherence to Mediterranean diet in a sample of nonagenarians and to analyse its cross-sectional association with anthropometric and bioelectrical parameters. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was employed in this study. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured through the Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDietScore). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of nonagenarian residents in the eight municipalities belonging to Mugello (Florence, Italy). MEASUREMENTS The tools used to investigate the nutritional status and the body composition were: weight; ulna length to estimate the height; body mass index (BMI); mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC); calf circumference (CC); waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); and specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVAsp). RESULTS All the measurements were carried out for 298 nonagenarians (70.8% of whom were females). The mean value of MedDietScore was 34.3±3.6. The MedDietScore was significantly correlated with CC (r=0.127), specific resistance (Rsp, r=0.152), and specific impedance (Zsp, r=0.153) in the whole sample, as well as with height (r=-0.222), Rsp (r=0.282), and Zsp (r=0.282) in males. In the whole sample, Rsp and Zsp mean values significantly increased by quartiles of MedDietScore; these results were confirmed by vector analysis. CONCLUSIONS The high level of adherence to Mediterranean diet could contribute to explaining the longevity of our sample. Studying the influence of dietary lifestyle in nonagenarians in depth could help to promote healthy ageing.
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13
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Moyad MA, Vogelzang NJ. Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin (S.A.M.) are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:783-91. [PMID: 25657084 PMCID: PMC4577591 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.148070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]) have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Future trials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be “deficient” in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin (S.A.M.) are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent (s) to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Heart Healthy = Prostate Healthy and S.A.M. are the Ideal “Natural” Recommendations for Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Robman LD, Islam FMA, Chong EWT, Adams MKM, Simpson JA, Aung KZ, Makeyeva GA, Hopper JL, English DR, Giles GG, Baird PN, Guymer RH. Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Ethnically Diverse Australia: Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2015; 22:75-84. [DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2015.1010688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Mirzaei H, Suarez JA, Longo VD. Protein and amino acid restriction, aging and disease: from yeast to humans. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:558-66. [PMID: 25153840 PMCID: PMC4254277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many of the effects of dietary restriction (DR) on longevity and health span in model organisms have been linked to reduced protein and amino acid (AA) intake and the stimulation of specific nutrient signaling pathways. Studies in yeast have shown that addition of serine, threonine, and valine in media promotes cellular sensitization and aging by activating different but connected pathways. Protein or essential AA restriction extends both lifespan and healthspan in rodent models. In humans, protein restriction (PR) has been associated with reduced cancer, diabetes, and overall mortality. Thus, interventions aimed at lowering the intake of proteins or specific AAs can be beneficial and have the potential to be widely adopted and effective in optimizing healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jorge A Suarez
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
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17
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Vasto S, Buscemi S, Barera A, Di Carlo M, Accardi G, Caruso C. Mediterranean diet and healthy ageing: a Sicilian perspective. Gerontology 2014; 60:508-18. [PMID: 25170545 DOI: 10.1159/000363060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a common dietary pattern characterizing a lifestyle and culture proven to contribute to better health and quality of life in Mediterranean countries. By analyzing the diet of centenarians from the Sicani Mountains and eating habits of inhabitants of Palermo, it is reported that a close adherence to MedDiet is observed in the countryside, whereas in big towns this adherence is not so close. This has an effect on the rates of mortality at old age (and reciprocally longevity) that are lower in the countryside than in big towns. Concerning the health effects of the diet, the low content of animal protein and the low glycaemic index of the Sicilian MedDiet might directly modulate the insulin/IGF-1 and the mTOR pathways, known to be involved in ageing and longevity. In particular, the reduction of animal protein intake may significantly reduce serum IGF-1 concentrations and inhibit mTOR activity with a down-regulation of the signal that leads to the activation of FOXO3A and, consequently, to the transcription of homeostatic genes that favour longevity. The down-regulation of both IGF-1 and mTORC1 also induces an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition to the effects on sensing pathways, many single components of MedDiet are known to have positive effects on health, reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol and other important risk factors of age-related diseases. However, a key role is played by polyphenols represented in high amount in the Sicilian MedDiet (in particular in extra virgin olive oil) that can work as hormetins that provide an environmental chemical signature regulating stress resistance pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Centro Nazionale per le Ricerche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Rochon PA, Gruneir A, Wu W, Gill SS, Bronskill SE, Seitz DP, Bell CM, Fischer HD, Stephenson AL, Wang X, Gershon AS, Anderson GM. Demographic Characteristics and Healthcare Use of Centenarians: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:86-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Rochon
- Women's College Research Institute; Women's College Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Andrea Gruneir
- Women's College Research Institute; Women's College Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Wei Wu
- Women's College Research Institute; Women's College Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sudeep S. Gill
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- St. Mary's of the Lake Hospital; Kingston Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Susan E. Bronskill
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dallas P. Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Chaim M. Bell
- Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hadas D. Fischer
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Anne L. Stephenson
- Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Andrea S. Gershon
- Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Geoffrey M. Anderson
- Women's College Research Institute; Women's College Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Casas R, Sacanella E, Estruch R. The immune protective effect of the Mediterranean diet against chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2014; 14:245-54. [PMID: 25244229 PMCID: PMC4443792 DOI: 10.2174/1871530314666140922153350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dietary patterns high in refined starches, sugar, and saturated and trans-fatty acids, poor in natural antioxidants and fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and poor in omega-3 fatty acids may cause an activation of the innate immune system, most likely by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a nutritional model inspired by the traditional dietary pattern of some of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. This dietary pattern is characterized by the abundant consumption of olive oil, high consumption of plant foods (fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals, nuts and seeds); frequent and moderate intake of wine (mainly with meals); moderate consumption of fish, seafood, yogurt, cheese, poultry and eggs; and low consumption of red meat, processed meat products and seeds. Several epidemiological studies have evaluated the effects of a Mediterranean pattern as protective against several diseases associated with chronic low-grade inflammation such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and cognition disorders. The adoption of this dietary pattern could counter the effects of several inflammatory markers, decreasing, for example, the secretion of circulating and cellular biomarkers involved in the atherosclerotic process. Thus, the aim of this review was to consider the current evidence about the effectiveness of the MedDiet in these chronic inflammatory diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may not only act on classical risk factors but also on inflammatory biomarkers such as adhesion molecules, cytokines or molecules related to the stability of atheromatic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Nutrition, diet and immunosenescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 136-137:116-28. [PMID: 24373813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by immunosenescence and the progressive decline in immunity in association with an increased frequency of infections and chronic disease. This complex process affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems with a progressive decline in most immune cell populations and defects in activation resulting in loss of function. Although host genetics and environmental factors, such as stress, exercise and diet can impact on the onset or course of immunosenescence, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. This review focusses on identifying the most significant aspects of immunosenescence and on the evidence that nutritional intervention might delay this process, and consequently improve the quality of life of the elderly.
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Balistreri CR, Candore G, Accardi G, Bova M, Buffa S, Bulati M, Forte GI, Listì F, Martorana A, Palmeri M, Pellicanò M, Vaccarino L, Scola L, Lio D, Colonna-Romano G. Genetics of longevity. data from the studies on Sicilian centenarians. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:8. [PMID: 22524430 PMCID: PMC3402998 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The demographic and social changes of the past decades have determined improvements in public health and longevity. So, the number of centenarians is increasing as a worldwide phenomenon. Scientists have focused their attention on centenarians as optimal model to address the biological mechanisms of "successful and unsuccessful ageing". They are equipped to reach the extreme limits of human life span and, most importantly, to show relatively good health, being able to perform their routine daily life and to escape fatal age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Thus, particular attention has been centered on their genetic background and immune system. In this review, we report our data gathered for over 10 years in Sicilian centenarians. Based on results obtained, we suggest longevity as the result of an optimal performance of immune system and an over-expression of anti-inflammatory sequence variants of immune/inflammatory genes. However, as well known, genetic, epigenetic, stochastic and environmental factors seem to have a crucial role in ageing and longevity. Epigenetics is associated with ageing, as demonstrated in many studies. In particular, ageing is associated with a global loss of methylation state. Thus, the aim of future studies will be to analyze the weight of epigenetic changes in ageing and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela R Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy.
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Vasto S, Rizzo C, Caruso C. Centenarians and diet: what they eat in the Western part of Sicily. Immun Ageing 2012; 9:10. [PMID: 22524271 PMCID: PMC3412743 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper pays attention to the modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and nutrition that might influence life extension and successful ageing. Previous data reported that in Sicily, the biggest Mediterranean island, there are some places where there is a high frequency of male centenarians with respect to the Italian average. The present data show that in Sicani Mountain zone there are more centenarians with respect to the Italian average. In fact, in five villages of Sicani Mountains, there were 19 people with an age range of 100-107 years old from a total population of 18,328 inhabitants. So, the centenarian number was 4.32-fold higher than the national average (10.37 vs. 2.4/10,000); the female/male ratio was 1.1:1 in the study area, while the national ratio is 4.54:1. Unequivocally, their nutritional assessment showed a high adherence to the Mediterranean nutritional profile with low glycemic index food consumed. To reach successful ageing it is advisable to follow a diet with low quantity of saturated fat and high amount of fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Sciences (STEMBIO), University of Palermo, Via Archifari 32, 90213, Palermo, Italy
- Immunohaemathology Unit, University Hospital, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90137, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Rizzo
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies (DIBIMEF), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory, 211, 90138, Palermo, Italy
- Immunohaemathology Unit, University Hospital, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90137, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies (DIBIMEF), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory, 211, 90138, Palermo, Italy
- Immunohaemathology Unit, University Hospital, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90137, Palermo, Italy
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