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Gao G, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Xie Z, Liu B, Huang H. A peptide alleviated oxidative damages in the L02 cells and mice liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150643. [PMID: 39241619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The liver is vitally metabolic for a multitude of biochemical reactions. Consequently, it generates many free radicals and reactive oxygen species, rendering it more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced damage. Oxidative stress represents a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. We screened some antioxidant peptides previously. Here we investigated whether the peptides could attenuate oxidative damage with APPH in L02 cells. The results showed that one of the peptides, sequence FETLMPLWGNK, could decrease the excessive reactive oxygen species, increase antioxidant enzyme activity and protect mitochondrial function, reduce the ratio of apoptosis and S phase cycle arrest, and improve the survival rate of L02 cells damaged by APPH compared to cells of the control group. Then the peptide was evaluated in mice that CCl4 injured. We found that CCl4-injured mice had significantly increased serum inflammatory factors and liver injury markers, a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, and local necrosis in the liver. The peptide could reduce inflammation, and improve liver pathological changes. This phenomenon may be associated with the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Concurrently, the peptide protects the liver by regulating the expression of proteins related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase3) and mitophagy-related proteins (PINK1, Parkin, and AMPKα). Therefore, the results indicated that the peptide is an active substance with antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiheng Wang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Xie Zhihui Biomedical Research Institute Guangzhou Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hongliang Huang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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de Oliveira E Silva AM, Pereira RO, Oliveira AKDS, Harris FS, de Melo ILP, Almeida-Souza TH, Yoshime LT, Dos Santos Melo C, Lopes Dos Santos J, de Andrade-Wartha ERS, Cogliati B, Granato D, Mancini-Filho J. Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract from rosemary on oxidative stress and inflammation pathways caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:459-472. [PMID: 38048548 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary is an herb exhibits biological properties, attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, and improves lipid profile. Here, we evaluated the effects of rosemary aqueous extract (RE) on mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice were administered a control diet or HFD for 10 weeks. The treated groups received RE in the diet at different concentrations: 25, 250, and 500 mg/100 g. After 10 weeks, serum concentrations of glucose, lipid, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and cytokines were evaluated and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity was determined. Histological analysis was performed to determine the concentrations of triacylglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes as well as the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The dietary RE ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain, adipose tissue weight, glucose intolerance, and insulin, leptin, and free fatty acid levels. Reduction in hepatic TG deposition was observed. The levels of inflammatory cytokines decreased, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism increased. RE mitigated oxidative stress and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, RE is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of inflammation and oxidative stress outcomes associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Raquel Oliveira Pereira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Santana Harris
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Illana Louise Pereira de Melo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Tedesco Yoshime
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos Melo
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen J, Zhang Q, Guo J, Gu D, Liu J, Luo P, Bai Y, Chen J, Zhang X, Nie S, Chen C, Feng Y, Wang J. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the ameliorative effect of rosmarinic acid on diabetic nephropathy-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1661-1676. [PMID: 38572101 PMCID: PMC10985035 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes, characterized by changes in kidney structure and function. The natural product rosmarinic acid (RA) has demonstrated therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative-stress, in renal damage or dysfunction. In this study, we characterized the heterogeneity of the cellular response in kidneys to DN-induced injury and RA treatment at single cell levels. Our results demonstrated that RA significantly alleviated renal tubular epithelial injury, particularly in the proximal tubular S1 segment and on glomerular epithelial cells known as podocytes, while attenuating the inflammatory response of macrophages, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which RA alleviates kidney damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, offering valuable guidance for the clinical application of RA in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinan Guo
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Piao Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yunmeng Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Sheng Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Esurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Yu W, Zhang F, Meng D, Zhang X, Feng Y, Yin G, Liang P, Chen S, Liu H. Mechanism of Action and Related Natural Regulators of Nrf2 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1300-1319. [PMID: 39034715 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018260113231023064614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
With the acceleration of people's pace of life, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which greatly threatens people's health and safety. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for higher-quality research and treatment in this area. Nuclear factor Red-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as a key transcription factor in the regulation of oxidative stress, plays an important role in inducing the body's antioxidant response. Although there are no approved drugs targeting Nrf2 to treat NAFLD so far, it is still of great significance to target Nrf2 to alleviate NAFLD. In recent years, studies have reported that many natural products treat NAFLD by acting on Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathways. This article reviews the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and summarizes the currently reported natural products targeting Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathway for the treatment of NAFLD, which provides new ideas for the development of new NAFLD-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Decheng Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Liang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ding J, Wu L, Zhu G, Zhu J, Luo P, Li Y. HADHA alleviates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in NAFLD via inactivation of the MKK3/MAPK pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:961-970. [PMID: 36376538 PMCID: PMC9889437 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver metabolic syndrome and still lacks effective treatments because the molecular mechanism underlying the development of NAFLD is not completely understood. We investigated the role of Hydroxyl CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit (HADHA) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. METHODS HADHA expression was detected both in NAFLD cell and mice, and knockdown of HADHA in free fatty acids (FFA)-treated L02 or overexpression of HADHA in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice was used to detected the influence of HADHA on hepatic steatosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress by regulating of MKK3/MAPK signaling. RESULTS Our data revealed that HADHA expression was decreased in FFA-treated L02 cells and in HFD-fed mice. Knockdown of HADHA markedly aggravated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in FFA-treated L02 cells, which was associated with the activation of MKK3/MAPK signalling pathways. Moreover, oxidative stress and liver lesions were improved in NAFLD mice by upregulation of HADHA. Importantly, we demonstrated that overexpression of HADHA inhibited the expression of p-MAPK in NAFLD mice, reducing lipid accumulation and steatosis. CONCLUSION HADHA may function as a protective factor in the progression of NAFLD by alleviating abnormal metabolism and oxidative stress by suppressing MKK3/MAPK signalling pathway activation, providing a new target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexia Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruian City People's Hospital, 325200, Rui'an, China
| | - Guoxian Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pingping Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, 310003, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Abduh MS, Alruhaimi RS, Alqhtani HA, Hussein OE, Abukhalil MH, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. Rosmarinic acid mitigates chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney injury in rats by modulating SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Life Sci 2023; 313:121281. [PMID: 36521549 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used broad-spectrum pesticide with multi-organ toxic effects. Oxidative stress was found to play a role in the deleterious effects of CPF, including nephrotoxicity. This study investigated the protective effect of the antioxidant polyphenol rosmarinic acid (RA) against CPF-induced kidney injury, with an emphasis on oxidative injury, inflammation, SIRT1, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats received 10 mg/kg CPF and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg RA orally for 28 days, and the samples were collected for analysis. CPF increased serum urea and creatinine and kidney Kim-1 and caused several histopathological alterations. ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-1β were elevated in the kidney of CPF-intoxicated rats. RA ameliorated kidney function markers, prevented tissue injury, suppressed ROS, MDA, and NO, and downregulated NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-1β in CPF-intoxicated rats in a dose-dependent manner. RA decreased Bax, caspase-3, oxidative DNA damage, and Keap1, boosted antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2, and upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT1 in CPF-administered rats. Molecular docking simulation revealed the binding affinity of RA toward NF-κB, Keap1, HO-1, and SIRT1. In conclusion, RA prevented CPF nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and upregulating SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Higher Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Rosmarinic Acid Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Liver and Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Enhancing Total Antioxidant Capacity, Thereby Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227815. [PMID: 36431915 PMCID: PMC9695501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver and kidney damage is an emergent clinical issue that should be addressed. Rosmarinic acid (RA) has obvious anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, so we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RA pretreatment on serum and liver and kidney tissues of cisplatin (CP)-treated mice and explored the possible mechanisms. The results showed that RA pretreatment effectively downregulated the serum, liver, and kidney levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and CRE and the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and simultaneously enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of the liver and kidney. RA pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of MPO, MDA, and NO in liver and kidney tissue, inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in liver and kidney tissue, activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and upregulated the mRNA expression of downstream target genes. Our findings show that RA could effectively prevent and alleviate acute liver and kidney injury caused by CP.
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Wang P, Huang Z, Peng Y, Li H, Lin T, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Zhou Z, Zhou W, Liu Y, Hou FF. Circular RNA circBNC2 inhibits epithelial cell G2-M arrest to prevent fibrotic maladaptive repair. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6502. [PMID: 36316334 PMCID: PMC9622807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying fibrogenic responses after injury are not well understood. Epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M after injury is a key checkpoint for determining wound-healing leading to either normal cell proliferation or fibrosis. Here, we identify a kidney- and liver-enriched circular RNA, circBNC2, which is abundantly expressed in normal renal tubular cells and hepatocytes but significantly downregulated after acute ischemic or toxic insult. Loss of circBNC2 is at least partially mediated by upregulation of DHX9. Gain- and loss-of-function studies, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrate that circBNC2 acts as a negative regulator of cell G2/M arrest by encoding a protein that promotes formation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complexes. Restoring circBNC2 in experimentally-induced male mouse models of fibrotic kidney and liver, decreases G2/M arrested cell numbers with secretion of fibrotic factors, thereby mitigating extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Decreased expression of circBNC2 and increased G2/M arrest of epithelial cells are recapitulated in human ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced chronic kidney disease and inflammation-induced liver fibrosis, highlighting the clinical relevance. These findings suggest that restoring circBNC2 might represent a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention in epithelial organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zhitao Huang
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yili Peng
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hongwei Li
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Tong Lin
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yingyu Zhao
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zheng Hu
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Youhua Liu
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- grid.484195.5Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.508040.90000 0004 9415 435XGuangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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9
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Dar MI, Rafat S, Dev K, Abass S, Khan MU, Abualsunun WA, Murshid SS, Ahmad S, Qureshi MI. Heartwood Extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Offers Defense against Oxyradicals and Improves Glucose Uptake in HepG2 Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:947. [PMID: 36295849 PMCID: PMC9607431 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus leads to cellular damage and causes apoptosis by oxidative stress. Heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium has been used in Ayurveda to treat various diseases such as leprosy, diabetes, asthma, and bronchitis. In this study, we worked out the mechanism of the antidiabetic potential of methanolic heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium (MPME). First, metabolic profiling of MPME was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to identify phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in MPME. Biological studies were carried out in vitro using the HepG2 cell line. Many antidiabetic compounds were identified including Quercetin. Methanolic extract of MPME (23.43 µg/mL-93.75 µg/mL) was found to be safe and effective in reducing oxyradicals in HepG2 cells. A concentration of 93.75 µg/mL improved glucose uptake efficiently. A significant decrease in oxidative stress, cell damage, and apoptosis was found in MPME-treated HepG2 cells. The study suggests that the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium offers good defense in HepG2 cells against oxidative stress and improves glucose uptake. The results show the significant antidiabetic potential of MPME using a HepG2 cell model. The effect seems to occur by reducing oxidative stress and sensitizing the cells towards glucose uptake, hence lowering systemic glucose levels, as well as rescuing ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sageer Abass
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Umar Khan
- Department of Food Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Walaa A. Abualsunun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. Murshid
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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10
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Zhu Q, Zhuo H, Yang L, Ouyang H, Chen J, Liu B, Huang H. A Peptide HEPFYGNEGALR from Apostichopus japonicus Alleviates Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Enhancing Antioxidant Response in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185839. [PMID: 36144575 PMCID: PMC9503860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-related disease caused by alcohol is a frequent disorder of the hepatic tract. Heavy consumption of alcohol in a short period causes oxidative damage to the liver. Sea cucumber is abundant in nutrients and its various extracts have been studied for antioxidant properties. One peptide was isolated and identified from Apostichopus japonicus in our recent study. We investigated the benefits of the peptide in a model of acute ethanol-induced male C57BL/6J mice. Dietary intake of the peptide could attenuate hepatomegaly, hepatitis and the accumulation of lipid droplets, and increase antioxidant enzyme activities in mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. The results indicated that a 20 mg/kg peptide supplement could activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and block the nuclear translocation of NF-κB to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the preventive effects of peptide supplementation may be related to autophagy. This study suggests that dietary supplementation with a sea cucumber-derived peptide is one of the potential candidates to alleviate acute alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiling Zhuo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lamei Yang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haohong Ouyang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.H.); Tel.: +86-135-8058-5585 (B.L.); +86-135-7090-8699 (H.H.)
| | - Hongliang Huang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.H.); Tel.: +86-135-8058-5585 (B.L.); +86-135-7090-8699 (H.H.)
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11
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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12
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Komeili-Movahhed T, Bassirian M, Changizi Z, Moslehi A. SIRT1/NFκB pathway mediates anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of rosmarinic acid on in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2022; 42:241-250. [PMID: 33787460 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1905665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as a common liver disease. SIRT1, a pivotal sensor, controls activation of metabolic, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Rosmarinic acid (RA) has positive effects on the liver injuries; nevertheless, its mechanisms are not completely studied. The aim of this study was to explore the role of rosmarinic acid on the pathways involved by SIRT1 for amelioration of a mouse model of NASH. To do this, C57/BL6 mice were divided into four equal groups (6 in each group). Animals received saline and rosmarinic acid as the control groups. NASH was induced by methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. In the NASH + RA group, Rosmarinic acid was injected daily in mice fed on an MCD diet. Rosmarinic acid decreased plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, liver Steatosis and oxidative stress. Rosmarinic acid administration also increased SIRT1, Nrf2 and PPARα and decreased SREBP1c, FAS, NFκB and caspase3 expressions. Moreover, TNFα, IL6, P53, Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase3 expressions decreased. Our study demonstrated that remarkable effects of rosmarinic acid on the mice with NASH might be due to activation of SIRT1/Nrf2, SIRT1/NFκB and SIRT1/PPARα pathways, which alleviate hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Bassirian
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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13
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Protection of Oxidative Stress-induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis by Rosmarinic Acid in Murine Myoblast C2C12 Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Farag DBE, Yousry C, Al-Mahallawi AM, El-Askary HI, Meselhy MR, AbuBakr N. The efficacy of Origanum majorana nanocubosomal systems in ameliorating submandibular salivary gland alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Drug Deliv 2021; 29:62-74. [PMID: 34964423 PMCID: PMC8725878 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2018522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a challenging health problem. Salivary gland dysfunction is one of its complications. Current treatments possess numerous adverse effects. Therefore, herbal extracts have emerged as a promising approach for safe and effective treatment. However, they are required in large doses to achieve the desired effect. Accordingly, Origanum majorana extract (OE) was incorporated into nano-sized systems to enhance its biological effects at lower dosages. OE was standardized against rosmarinic acid (RA) and then loaded into nano-cubosomal (NC) systems via a 23 full-factorial design. Two optimum nano-systems at different drug loads (2.08 or 1.04 mg-RA/mL) were selected and assessed in vivo to compare their effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats against conventional OE (2.08 mg-RA/mL). Blood glucose was evaluated weekly. Submandibular salivary glands were processed for histopathological examination and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and p38-MAPK gene expression analysis. NC systems were successfully prepared and optimized where the optimum systems showed nano-sized vesicles (210.4–368.3 nm) and high zeta potential values. In vivo results showed a significant lower blood glucose in all treated groups, with an exceptional reduction with NC formulations. Marked histopathological improvement was observed in all OE-treated groups, with OE-NC4 (2.08 mg-RA/mL) demonstrating the best features. This was supported by RT-PCR; where the OE-NC4 group recorded the highest mean value of Nrf2 and the least mean values of Keap1 and p38-MAPK, followed by OE-NC3 and OE groups. In conclusion, OE-loaded NC enhanced the anti-hyperglycemic effect of OE and ameliorated diabetic gland alterations compared to conventional OE. Thus, cubosomal nano-systems could be anticipated as potential carriers for the best outcome with OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B E Farag
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Carol Yousry
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham I El-Askary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen AbuBakr
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Chrysophyllum cainito. L alleviates diabetic and complications by playing antioxidant, antiglycation, hypoglycemic roles and the chemical profile analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114569. [PMID: 34454054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chrysophyllum cainito L. (C. cainito) is a traditional folk medicine in tropical area which can be an alternative agent for diabetes mellitus. Although the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the extracts are reported, little is known on the antiglycation activity and effects on diabetic complications. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was aimed to investigate the chemical profile, antidiabetic, antioxidant activities of C. cainito. Especially, the antiglycation potential as well as the relationships between components and activities were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of the primary components (polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenes), antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts from C. cainito leaves (CCE-1, 2, 3, 4) and stems (CSE-1, 2, 3, 4) were analyzed and detected. The chemical profiles of CCE-2 were characterized by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The antiglycation and protection against oxidative stress effects were determined by in vitro assays. Relationship between bioactivities and components was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The composition was diverse between leaves and stem extracts with different activities. CCE-2 possessed the highest DPPH scavenging activity. CSE-2 displayed the highest ABTS scavenging activity and ferric reducing power. While CCE-3 showed the most effective inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity (IC50 4.103 ± 0.332 μg/mL and 0.180 ± 0.006 mg/mL, respectively). PCA analysis showed that the most important variables in PC1 (60.7%) were total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. The hypoglycemic activity and contents of steroids showed important correlation. Advanced glycation end products formation was effectively inhibited by CCE-2 with myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside as the main constituent. CCE-3 displayed the highest protection effect against L02 cell line oxidation damage. CONCLUSIONS C. cainito leaves might be a promising candidate for antioxidant, hypoglycemic and antiglycation dietary supplement or potential agent against diabetes associated chronic diseases.
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16
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Heidari F, Komeili-Movahhed T, Hamidizad Z, Moslehi A. The protective effects of rosmarinic acid on ethanol-induced gastritis in male rats: antioxidant defense enhancement. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:305-314. [PMID: 34221064 PMCID: PMC8216161 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Gastritis is one of the most current gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one of the major factors, which provides gastritis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is found in many plants and has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the protective effect of RA was evaluated on the histopathological indices, antioxidant ability, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in male rats. Experimental approach: Forty-two animals were divided into control, ethanol-induced gastritis, and RA groups, 6 each. The protective groups included RA administration before gastritis induction at 50 mg (R-G50), 100 mg (R-G100), 150 mg (R-G150), and 200 mg (R-G200) doses. Gastritis was induced by gavage of 1 mL pure ethanol in fasted animals. After 1 h of gastritis induction, the rats were sacrificed and stomach tissue was removed. Findings/Results: Histological evaluation revealed that RA significantly attenuated gastric ulcers, leucocyte infiltration, and hyperemia. It also increased mucosal layer thickness and restored gastric glands. Furthermore, RA decreased malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the stomach tissue, and raised gastric PGE2 level. Conclusion and implications: Our study demonstrated that rosmarinic acid has a notable effect on gastritis protection that could be due to increased antioxidant defense and PGE2 secretion, eventually maintenance of mucosal barrier integrity and gastric glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Hamidizad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
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17
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Hong Z, Minghua W, Bo N, Chaoyue Y, Haiyang Y, Haiqing Y, Chunyu X, Yan Z, Yuan Y. Rosmarinic acid attenuates acrylamide induced apoptosis of BRL-3A cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112156. [PMID: 33781805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a common endogenous contaminant in food, with a complex toxicity mechanism. The study on liver damage to experimental animals caused by AA has aroused a great attention. Rosmarinic acid (RosA) as a natural antioxidant shows excellent protective effects against AA-induced hepatotoxicity, but the potential mechanism is still unclear. In the current study, the protective effect of RosA on BRL-3A cell damage induced by AA was explored. RosA increased the activity of SOD and GSH, reduced the content of ROS and MDA, and significantly reduced the oxidative stress (OS) damage of BRL-3A cells induced by AA. RosA pretreatment inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway activated by AA, and down-regulated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38. RosA pretreatment also reduced the production of calcium ions caused by AA. In addition, the key proteins p-IRE1α, XBP-1s, TRAF2 of the IRE1 pathway, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) characteristic proteins GRP78, p-ASK1, Caspase-12 and CHOP were also down-regulated by RosA. NAC blocked the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibited the ERS pathway. RosA reduced the rate of apoptosis and down-regulated the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, thereby inhibiting AA-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, RosA reduced the OS and ERS induced by AA in BRL-3A cells, thereby inhibiting cell apoptosis, and it could be used as a potential protective agent against AA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wang Minghua
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Nan Bo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yang Chaoyue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yan Haiyang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ye Haiqing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xi Chunyu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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18
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Lu J, Chen C, Gai R, Qiu H, Wu Y, He Q, Yang X. Protective effects and possible mechanisms of Centella asiatica (L.) urban extract against acute and chronic liver injury: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2785-2796. [PMID: 33462870 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a significant health care problem worldwide. Centella asiatica (L.) urban was traditionally used to prevent or treat various diseases, yet whether it works on hepatic injury remains unclear. In this study, multiple experimental models with different damage degrees and types of liver injury have been established to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of an n-butanol extract of Centella asiatica (CA-BU). Our results revealed that CA-BU improved hepatocyte L02 cells survival from H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage in a concentration-dependent manner. We further verified the hepatoprotective effects of CA-BU in mice models of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (one of the most common DILIs clinically) and CCl4 -induced acute chemical liver injury, and a rat model of chronic alcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, network pharmacology approaches were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, and we predicted AKT1, EGFR, VEGFA, and STAT3 as the potential therapeutic targets. In follow-up studies, we will focus on targets verification and provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of CA-BU against liver damage. Finally, we hope that these findings will provide new ideas and insights for the treatment of acute or chronic liver injury in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renhua Gai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huacheng Qiu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Thingore C, Kshirsagar V, Juvekar A. Amelioration of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment using Rosmarinic acid in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:299-313. [PMID: 33068223 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal part in the manifestation of neuroinflammation, which further leads to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation resulting in memory impairment (MI) and cognitive decline. In this study, we evaluated whether prophylactic administration of Rosmarinic acid (RA), a naturally occurring compound, exerts a neuroprotective effect in LPS-induced MI and cognitive decline. Herein, Swiss albino mice were pre-treated with RA (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg i.p.) for 28 days and were intermittently exposed to LPS (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days. LPS caused poor memory retention and increased cognitive decline in Morris water maze (MWM) and Y maze paradigms respectively. Additionally, LPS increased oxidative stress which was denoted by a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased lipid peroxidation in the brain. Imbalance in the cholinergic system was analyzed by measuring the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Pre-treatment with RA improved memory and behavioral disturbances by alleviating oxidative stress and AChE activity. LPS augmented levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, caspase-3, and c-Jun. Pre-treatment with RA revitalized the elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic proteins. In conclusion, this study showcases the amelioration of MI by RA in LPS-challenged memory and cognitive decline, which could be credited to its anti-oxidant effect, inhibitory effect on both proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic regulators, and reduction in AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Thingore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viplav Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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20
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Jo HG, Park C, Lee H, Kim GY, Keum YS, Hyun JW, Kwon TK, Choi YH, Hong SH. Inhibition of oxidative stress induced-cytotoxicity by coptisine in V79-4 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts through the induction of Nrf-2 mediated HO-1 expression. Genes Genomics 2020; 43:17-31. [PMID: 33237503 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coptisine is a natural alkaloid compound and is known to have multiple beneficial effects including antioxidant activity. However, whether it can protect lung fibroblasts from oxidative damage has not been studied yet. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of coptisine against oxidative stress in V79-4 lung fibroblast cells. METHODS V79-4 cells were treated with H2O2 (1 mM) in the presence or absence of coptisine (50 µg/ml), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 10 mM) or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP, 10 µM) for the indicated times. The alleviating effects of coptisine on cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, mitochondrial dynamics, and inhibition of ATP production against H2O2 were investigated. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression levels of specific proteins. RESULTS Coptisine inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage by blocking abnormal ROS generation. H2O2 treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase accompanied by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and decreased expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin A. However, these effects were attenuated in the presence of coptisine or NAC. Coptisine also prevented apoptosis by decreasing the rate of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in H2O2-stimulated cells and suppressing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the cytosolic release of cytochrome c. In addition, the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was markedly promoted by coptisine in the presence of H2O2. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a potent inhibitor of HO-1, attenuated the ROS scavenging and anti-apoptotic effects of coptisine. CONCLUSIONS Based on current data, we suggest that coptisine can be used as a potential treatment for oxidative stress-related lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Gyun Jo
- Cheong-Choon Korean Medical Clinic, 47388, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, 47227, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, 47340, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, 47227, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, 47340, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Keum
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, 10326, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 42601, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, 47227, Busan, Republic of Korea. .,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, 47340, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, 47227, Busan, Republic of Korea. .,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, 47340, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Khalaf AA, Hassanen EI, Ibrahim MA, Tohamy AF, Aboseada MA, Hassan HM, Zaki AR. Rosmarinic acid attenuates chromium-induced hepatic and renal oxidative damage and DNA damage in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22579. [PMID: 32662917 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hexavelant chromium (Cr (V1)) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant inducing damage in different organs of human and animals. The current study was designed to investigate the mechanistic role of rosmarinic acid (RA) to diminish chromium-induced hepatorenal oxidative damage and preneoplastic lesions in rats. Plant material was collected, identified, and extracted. The isolated RA was elucidated relying on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats received the following materials daily via oral gavage for 60 days; (Gp1): normal saline, (Gp2) 25 mg/kg.bwt RA, (Gp3) 10 mg/kg.bwt potassium dichromate (K2 Cr2 O7 ), (Gp4) K2 Cr2 O7 + RA. All rats were euthanized at the end of the experiment by cervical dislocation and the liver and kidney were collected. Prolonged continuous exposure of rats to chromium-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance manifested by significant elevation of malondialdehyde with reduction in reduced glutathione levels. Remarkable histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue sections were recorded and confirmed by overexpression of the immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3, placental glutathione-S transferase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen together with a significant downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene and upregulation of nibrin gene. Observable improvements in the entire toxicopathological parameters were recorded in group cotreated with RA. Our findings revealed that Cr-induced preneoplastic lesions on the liver and kidney tissues of rats when exposed daily for long period of time, as well as confirmed the ability of RA to alleviate this toxicity through upregulation of Nrf2 pathway and its powerful antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azem A Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel F Tohamy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Highest Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud A Aboseada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amr R Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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22
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Antioxidant Effects and Cytoprotective Potentials of Herbal Tea against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage by Activating Heme Oxygenase1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7187946. [PMID: 32695819 PMCID: PMC7361890 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7187946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herbal tea with antioxidant ingredients has gained increasing attention in the field of functional foods due to their amelioration potential in aging-related diseases. Wanglaoji herbal tea (WHT) is a kind of traditional beverage made from herbal materials. This study was performed to investigate its antioxidant activity and identify its protective effect on a H2O2-induced cell damage model. In this study, we identified six kinds of phenolic acids with antioxidant activity in WHT, among which rosmarinic acid had the highest content and the highest contribution ratio to the antioxidant activity of WHT. Moreover, compared with the H2O2-induced damage group, the WHT treatment group can significantly increase the viability of cells and decrease the ratio of senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive cells, intracellular malondialdehyde levels, and the percentage of G1 phase. Furthermore, enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1) was a key gene for protective effect of WHT on oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Thus, WHT exerted protective effects not only by scavenging reactive oxygen species but also by inducing the expression of cytoprotective genes by activating the HMOX1 pathway, which showed that WHT had a potential of promoting health by reducing oxidative stress-induced cell damage.
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23
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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24
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Grape-Leaf Extract Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury via Interference with NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040558. [PMID: 32268521 PMCID: PMC7225955 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera) leaf extracts (GLEs) are known to be rich in phenolic compounds that exert potent antioxidant effects. Given the vulnerability of the liver to oxidative damage, antioxidants have been proposed as therapeutic agents and coadjuvant drugs to ameliorate liver pathologies. The current study was designed to characterize secondary metabolites and investigate the hepatoprotective effects of GLE and its underlying mechanisms. The secondary metabolites were profiled using HPLC–PDA–ESI-MS, and forty-five compounds were tentatively identified. In experimental in vivo design, liver injury was induced by oral administration of high doses of ethanol (EtOH) for 12 days to male Sprague Dawley rats that were split into five different groups. Blood samples and livers were then collected, and used for various biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological analyses. Results showed that GLE-attenuated liver injury and promoted marked hepatic antioxidant effects, in addition to suppressing the increased heat-shock protein-70 expression. Moreover, GLE suppressed EtOH-induced expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Caspase-3 and survivin were enhanced by EtOH intake and suppressed by GLE intake. Finally, EtOH-induced histopathological changes in liver sections were markedly normalized by GLE. In conclusion, our results suggested that GLE interferes with NF-κB signaling and induces antioxidant effects, which both play a role in attenuating apoptosis and associated liver injury in a model of EtOH-induced liver damage in rats.
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Cognitive Facilitation and Antioxidant Effects of an Essential Oil Mix on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats: Molecular Modeling of In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071519. [PMID: 32230815 PMCID: PMC7181224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the capability of an essential oil mix (MO: 1% and 3%) in ameliorating amnesia and brain oxidative stress in a rat model of scopolamine (Sco) and tried to explore the underlying mechanism. The MO was administered by inhalation to rats once daily for 21 days, while Sco (0.7 mg/kg) treatment was delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Donepezil (DP: 5 mg/kg) was used as a positive reference drug. The cognitive-enhancing effects of the MO in the Sco rat model were assessed in the Y-maze, radial arm maze (RAM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. As identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the chemical composition of the MO is comprised by limonene (91.11%), followed by γ-terpinene (2.02%), β-myrcene (1.92%), β-pinene (1.76%), α-pinene (1.01%), sabinene (0.67%), linalool (0.55%), cymene (0.53%), and valencene (0.43%). Molecular interactions of limonene as the major compound in MO with the active site of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was explored via molecular docking experiments, and Van der Waals (vdW) contacts were observed between limonene and the active site residues SER198, HIS438, LEU286, VAL288, and PHE329. The brain oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE inhibitory activities were also determined. MO reversed Sco-induced memory deficits and brain oxidative stress, along with cholinesterase inhibitory effects, which is an important mechanism in the anti-amnesia effect. Our present findings suggest that MO ameliorated memory impairment induced by Sco via restoration of the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant status.
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26
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Molecular docking utilising the OliveNet™ library reveals novel phenolic compounds which may potentially target key proteins associated with major depressive disorder. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 86:107234. [PMID: 32220809 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant medications that are currently prescribed to patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) have limitations and as a result, there is an urgent need to increase the options that are available. A number of studies have found that natural polyphenols have neuroprotective properties and there is evidence to suggest that they modulate neurotransmitter systems. There are more than 200 phenolic compounds that have been identified in Olea europaea, many of which have not yet been investigated for their potential biological effects. In this study, in silico methods were used to screen the phenolic library from the OliveNet™ database and identify novel lead compounds for proteins implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. The molecular docking results revealed that the monoamine oxidase enzyme isoforms (MAO-A/MAO-B) had binding specificities for certain phenolic subclasses. The lead ligands that were identified from these subclasses were positioned near the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, interacting in a similar manner as known inhibitors. In addition to the MAO enzymes, several phenolic compounds were docked to neurotransmitter transporters and postsynaptic receptors, as well as proteins involved in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and the endocannabinoid system. Based on the binding affinity, position, orientation and interactions of the lead phenolic compounds identified in this study, it is predicted that they may have antidepressant properties. The results should be validated further using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, as well as in vivo and in vitro techniques.
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27
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Nunes C, Freitas V, Almeida L, Laranjinha J. Red wine extract preserves tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions: implications for intestinal inflammation. Food Funct 2019; 10:1364-1374. [PMID: 30735221 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The altered expression and subcellular distribution of tight junction (TJ) proteins, leading to a dysfunctional intestinal barrier, is a key mechanistic feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, increasing the integrity of the intestinal barrier by manipulating the TJ may constitute an innovative and effective therapeutic strategy in IBD. In this context, recent studies showed that dietary polyphenols are able to protect the intestinal TJ barrier integrity. Here, using a cellular model of intestinal inflammation, consisting of cytokine-stimulated HT-29 colon epithelial cells, we show that a polyphenolic extract obtained from Portuguese red wine (RWE) decreased the paracellular permeability across the cell monolayer compared with the control cells, even in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The beneficial effect of RWE was exerted at three complementary levels: (1) by promoting a significant increase of the mRNA of key barrier-forming TJ proteins, including occludin, claudin-5 and zonnula occludens (ZO)-1 above the levels observed in the control cells; (2) by preventing the decrease in the expression of these proteins under inflammatory conditions and (3) by averting the increase in claudin-2 mRNA, a channel-forming TJ protein induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that polyphenols presented and consumed in red wine as a mixture can reinforce and protect the intestinal barrier against inflammatory stimulus by affecting the TJ protein expression and, thus, without the need for purifying individual compounds, might represent a readily available therapeutic intervention against IBD and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nunes
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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28
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Joardar S, Dewanjee S, Bhowmick S, Dua TK, Das S, Saha A, De Feo V. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2027. [PMID: 31022990 PMCID: PMC6514581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was executed to reveal the protective mechanism of rosmarinic acid (RA) against cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity. RA exhibited a concentration-dependent anti-apoptotic effect against CdCl2 in isolated mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells. Cd treatment significantly (p < 0.01) imparted oxidative stress to the renal cells via excessive ROS production, triggering NO level, NADPH oxidase activation, and impairment of cellular redox defense system. Cd-mediated oxidative stress significantly (p < 0.01) endorsed apoptosis to the murine kidney cells by triggering NF-κB/PKC-δ/TNFR2 activation. In addition, CdCl2 induced renal fibrosis by triggering TGF-β1/SMAD3/α-SMA/collagen signaling within renal cells. On the other hand, RA significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) attenuated Cd-provoked oxidative stress and associated pathological signal transduction in murine renal cells. RA treatment also could significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) reciprocate Cd-mediated pathological changes in blood and urine parameters in mice. In addition, histological data supported the pharmacological findings. In silico chemometric analyses predicted the possible interactions between RA and different signal proteins and anticipated drug-likeness characteristics of RA. Hence, RA can potentially be applied as a therapeutic agent to treat Cd-mediated nephrotoxicity in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalata Joardar
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sonjit Das
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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