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Darche FF, Rivinius R, Rahm AK, Köllensperger E, Leimer U, Germann G, Reiss M, Koenen M, Katus HA, Thomas D, Schweizer PA. In vivo cardiac pacemaker function of differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue transplanted into porcine hearts. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1133-1151. [PMID: 33178397 PMCID: PMC7596441 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) modified by gene transfer to express cardiac pacemaker channels such as HCN2 or HCN4 were shown to elicit pacemaker function after intracardiac transplantation in experimental animal models. Human MSC derived from adipose tissue (haMSC) differentiate into cells with pacemaker properties in vitro, but little is known about their behavior after intracardiac transplantation.
AIM To investigate whether haMSC elicit biological pacemaker function in vivo after transplantation into pig hearts.
METHODS haMSC under native conditions (nhaMSC) or after pre-conditioning by medium differentiation (dhaMSC) (n = 6 pigs each, 5 × 106 cells/animal) were injected into the porcine left ventricular free wall. Animals receiving PBS injection served as controls (n = 6). Four weeks later, total atrioventricular (AV)-block was induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation, and electronic pacemaker devices were implanted for backup stimulation and heart rate monitoring. Ventricular rate and rhythm of pigs were evaluated during a follow-up of 15 d post ablation by 12-lead-ECG with heart rate assessment, 24-h continuous rate monitoring recorded by electronic pacemaker, assessment of escape recovery time, and pharmacological challenge to address catecholaminergic rate response. Finally, hearts were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical investigations.
RESULTS In vivo transplantation of dhaMSC into the left ventricular free wall of pigs elicited spontaneous and regular rhythms that were pace-mapped to ventricular injection sites (mean heart rate 72.2 ± 3.6 bpm; n = 6) after experimental total AV block. Ventricular rhythms were stably detected over a 15-d period and were sensitive to catecholaminergic stimulation (mean maximum heart rate 131.0 ± 6.2 bpm; n = 6; P < 0.001). Pigs, which received nhaMSC or PBS presented significantly lower ventricular rates (mean heart rates 47.2 ± 2.5 bpm and 37.4 ± 3.2 bpm, respectively; n = 6 each; P < 0.001) and exhibited little sensitivity towards catecholaminergic stimulation (mean maximum heart rates 76.4 ± 3.1 bpm and 60.5 ± 3.1 bpm, respectively; n = 6 each; P < 0.05). Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of hearts treated with dhaMSC revealed local clusters of transplanted cells at the injection sites that lacked macrophage or lymphocyte infiltrations or tumor formation. Intense fluorescence signals at these sites indicated membrane expression of HCN4 and other pacemaker-specific proteins involved in cardiac automaticity and impulse propagation.
CONCLUSION dhaMSC transplanted into pig left ventricles sustainably induced rate-responsive ventricular pacemaker activity after in vivo engraftment for four weeks. The data suggest that pre-conditioned MSC may further differentiate along a pacemaker-related lineage after myocardial integration and may establish superior pacemaker properties in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice F Darche
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Rasmus Rivinius
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Rahm
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Eva Köllensperger
- Department of Plastic Surgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany
| | - Uwe Leimer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany
| | - Günter Germann
- Department of Plastic Surgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany
| | - Miriam Reiss
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Michael Koenen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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Darche FF, Rivinius R, Köllensperger E, Leimer U, Germann G, Seckinger A, Hose D, Schröter J, Bruehl C, Draguhn A, Gabriel R, Schmidt M, Koenen M, Thomas D, Katus HA, Schweizer PA. Pacemaker cell characteristics of differentiated and HCN4-transduced human mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2019; 232:116620. [PMID: 31291594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cell-based biological pacemakers aim to overcome limitations and side effects of electronic pacemaker devices. We here developed and tested different approaches to achieve nodal-type differentiation using human adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSC, hbMSC). MAIN METHODS haMSC and hbMSC were differentiated using customized protocols. Quantitative RT-PCR was applied for transcriptional pacemaker-gene profiling. Protein membrane expression was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Pacemaker current (If) was studied in haMSC with and without lentiviral HCN4-transduction using patch clamp recordings. Functional characteristics were evaluated by co-culturing with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM). KEY FINDINGS Culture media-based differentiation for two weeks generated cells with abundant transcription of ion channel genes (Cav1.2, NCX1), transcription factors (TBX3, TBX18, SHOX2) and connexins (Cx31.9 and Cx45) characteristic for cardiac pacemaker tissue, but lack adequate HCN transcription. haMSC-derived cells revealed transcript levels, which were closer related to sinoatrial nodal cells than hbMSC-derived cells. To substitute for the lack of If, we performed lentiviral HCN4-transduction of haMSC resulting in stable If. Co-culturing with NRVM demonstrated that differentiated haMSC expressing HCN4 showed earlier onset of spontaneous contractions and higher beating regularity, synchrony and rate compared to co-cultures with non-HCN4-transduced haMSC or HCN4-transduced, non-differentiated haMSC. Confocal imaging indicated increased membrane expression of cardiac gap junctional proteins in differentiated haMSC. SIGNIFICANCE By differentiation haMSC, rather than hbMSC attain properties favorable for cardiac pacemaking. In combination with lentiviral HCN4-transduction, a cellular phenotype was generated that sustainably controls and stabilizes rate in co-culture with NRVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice F Darche
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rasmus Rivinius
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Köllensperger
- ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Voßstraße 6, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Leimer
- ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Voßstraße 6, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Germann
- ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Voßstraße 6, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hose
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Schröter
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Bruehl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, INF 326, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, INF 326, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Gabriel
- Molecular and Gene Therapy, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, INF 460, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Molecular and Gene Therapy, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, INF 460, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Koenen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Li J, Guo X, Li M, Xiao Y, Bao C. [Research progress in the mechanism of protein factors in regulating bone remodeling]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:115-123. [PMID: 30644271 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201808059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the role and mechanism of protein factors in bone remodeling, and provides theoretical basis for further elucidating the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of bone-related diseases. Methods The relevant research results at home and abroad in recent years were extensively consulted, analyzed, and summarized. Results Bone remodeling is an important physiological process to maintain bone homeostasis. Protein, as an important stimulator in bone remodeling, regulates the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. Conclusion At present, the research on the mechanism of protein in bone remodeling is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the specific time, process, and interaction network of protein in bone remodeling, and to confirm its mechanism in bone remodeling, so as to reveal and treat the pathogenesis of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
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Costantino S, Libby P, Kishore R, Tardif JC, El-Osta A, Paneni F. Epigenetics and precision medicine in cardiovascular patients: from basic concepts to the clinical arena. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:4150-4158. [PMID: 29069341 PMCID: PMC6293269 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide and also inflict major burdens on morbidity, quality of life, and societal costs. Considering that CVD preventive medications improve vascular outcomes in less than half of patients (often relative risk reductions range from 12% to 20% compared with placebo), precision medicine offers an attractive approach to refine the targeting of CVD medications to responsive individuals in a population and thus allocate resources more wisely and effectively. New tools furnished by advances in basic science and translational medicine could help achieve this goal. This approach could reach beyond the practitioners 'eyeball' assessment or venerable markers derived from the physical examination and standard laboratory evaluation. Advances in genetics have identified novel pathways and targets that operate in numerous diseases, paving the way for 'precision medicine'. Yet the inherited genome determines only part of an individual's risk profile. Indeed, standard genomic approaches do not take into account the world of regulation of gene expression by modifications of the 'epi'genome. Epigenetic modifications defined as 'heritable changes to the genome that do not involve changes in DNA sequence' have emerged as a new layer of biological regulation in CVD and could advance individualized risk assessment as well as devising and deploying tailored therapies. This review, therefore, aims to acquaint the cardiovascular community with the rapidly advancing and evolving field of epigenetics and its implications in cardiovascular precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC), Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Micheu MM, Scarlatescu AI, Scafa-Udriste A, Dorobantu M. The Winding Road of Cardiac Regeneration-Stem Cell Omics in the Spotlight. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120255. [PMID: 30544622 PMCID: PMC6315576 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in treating ischemic cardiac disease and succeeding heart failure, there is still an unmet need to develop effective therapeutic strategies given the persistent high-mortality rate. Advances in stem cell biology hold great promise for regenerative medicine, particularly for cardiac regeneration. Various cell types have been used both in preclinical and clinical studies to repair the injured heart, either directly or indirectly. Transplanted cells may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to improve the myocyte survival and migration of remote and/or resident stem cells to the site of injury. Still, the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac protection and repair are poorly understood. Stem cell fate is directed by multifaceted interactions between genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Decoding stem cells’ “panomic” data would provide a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms, resulting in patient-tailored therapy. This review offers a critical analysis of omics data in relation to stem cell survival and differentiation. Additionally, the emerging role of stem cell-derived exosomes as “cell-free” therapy is debated. Last but not least, we discuss the challenges to retrieve and analyze the huge amount of publicly available omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Ioana Scarlatescu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriste
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department 4-Cardiothoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Eroii Sanitari Bvd. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department 4-Cardiothoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Eroii Sanitari Bvd. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Postischemic application of estrogen ameliorates myocardial damage in an in vivo mouse model. J Surg Res 2018; 231:366-372. [PMID: 30278955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioprotection provided by estrogen has been recognized for many years. It is noteworthy that most of these studies employ a means of preinjury application in experimental research and the preventive usage in clinical studies. Compared to pretreatment, postischemic administration of estrogen will be more practical in treating myocardial ischemia. On the other hand, defect in circadian clock gene period2 (Per2) has been shown to aggravate ischemia-induced heart damage. Given that Per2 expression decreases as a consequence of menopause, in this study, we aim to determine (1) potential improvement of myocardial function by postischemic administration of 17β-estradiol (E2) using an in vivo mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and (2) the role of E2 in regulating myocardial Per2 expression following I/R. METHODS Thirty-minute occlusion of left anterior descending artery followed by 24-h reperfusion was performed on adult C57BL ovariectomized female mice. Groups (n = 3-6/group) were as follows: (1) Sham, (2) I/R + vehicle, and (3) I/R + E2. Vehicle or 0.5 mg/kg of E2 was subcutaneously injected right after 30-min ischemia. Following 24-h reperfusion, myocardial function was determined. Heart tissue was collected for analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and Per2 expression by Western blotting, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS I/R significantly impaired left ventricular function and increased myocardial levels of active caspase-3, IL-1β, and IL-6. Importantly, postischemic treatment of E2 markedly restored I/R-depressed myocardial function, reduced caspase-3 activation, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Intriguingly, a trend of the decreased Per2 level was observed in ovariectomized female hearts subjected to I/R, whereas E2 treatment upregulated myocardial Per2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the initial evidence that postischemic administration of E2 effectively preserves the myocardium against I/R injury and this protective effect of E2 may involve upregulation of Per2 in ischemic heart.
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Jung JE, Song MJ, Shin S, Choi YJ, Kim KH, Chung CJ. Local myogenic pulp-derived cell injection enhances craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 20:35-43. [PMID: 28102011 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To enhance myogenic differentiation in pulp cells isolated from extracted premolars by epigenetic modification using a DNA demethylation agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), and to evaluate the potent stimulatory effect of 5-Aza-treated pulp cell injection for craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Pulp cells were isolated from premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes from four adults (age range, 18-22.1 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS Levels of myogenic differentiation and functional contraction response in vitro were compared between pulp cells with or without pre-treatment of 5-Aza. Changes in muscle regeneration in response to green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled myogenic pulp cell injection in vivo were evaluated using a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model of the gastrocnemius as well as the masseter muscle in mice. RESULTS Pre-treatment of 5-Aza in pulp cells stimulated myotube formation, myogenic differentiation in terms of desmin and myogenin expression, and the level of collagen gel contraction. The local injection of 5-Aza pre-treated myogenic pulp cells was engrafted into the host tissue and indicated signs of enhanced muscle regeneration in both the gastrocnemius and the masseter muscles. CONCLUSION The epigenetic modification of pulp cells from extracted premolars and the local injection of myogenic pulp cells may stimulate craniofacial muscles regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Korea
| | - S Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C J Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Li Y, Yang M, Zhang G, Li L, Ye B, Huang C, Tang Y. Transcription factor TBX18 promotes adult rat bone mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to biological pacemaker cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:845-851. [PMID: 29207072 PMCID: PMC5752232 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are currently considered the optimal stem cells for biological pacemaker cell transformation. The cardiac-specific transcription factor T-Box protein 18 (TBX18) is essential for sinoatrial node (SAN) formation, particularly formation of the head region that generates the electrical impulses that induce heart contraction. The present study aimed to confirm the effects of TBX18 on biological pace-maker differentiation of rat BMSCs. Flow cytometry was used to identify the surface markers of BMSCs, in order to acquire pure mesenchymal stem cells. Subsequently, BMSCs were transduced with TBX18 or green fluorescent protein adenovirus vectors. The effects of TBX18 were evaluated using SAN-specific makers including TBX18, α-actin, cardiac troponin I, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 and connexin 43 by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence. The findings demonstrated that direct conversion of BMSCs to biological pacemaker cells via TBX18 is a feasible method in the field of cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Gege Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Mumtaz MW, Hamid AA, Akhtar MT, Anwar F, Rashid U, AL-Zuaidy MH. An overview of recent developments in metabolomics and proteomics – phytotherapic research perspectives. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2017.1279573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar
- Institute of Bioscience, Laboratory of Natural Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mizher Hezam AL-Zuaidy
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Myocardial Regeneration for Humans ― Modifying Biology and Manipulating Evolution ―. Circ J 2017; 81:142-148. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Broughton
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
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Khojasteh A, Nazeman P, Rad MR. Dental Stem Cells in Oral, Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Much has changed since our survey of the landscape for myocardial regeneration powered by adult stem cells 4 years ago.(1) The intervening years since that first review has witnessed an explosive expansion of studies that advance both understanding and implementation of adult stem cells in promoting myocardial repair. Painstaking research from innumerable laboratories throughout the world is prying open doors that may lead to restoration of myocardial structure and function in the wake of pathological injury. This global effort has produced deeper mechanistic comprehension coupled with an evolving appreciation for the complexity of myocardial regeneration in the adult context. Undaunted by both known and (as yet) unknown challenges, pursuit of myocardial regenerative medicine mediated by adult stem cell therapy has gathered momentum fueled by tantalizing clues and visionary goals. This concise review takes a somewhat different perspective than our initial treatise, taking stock of the business sector that has become an integral part of the field while concurrently updating state of affairs in cutting edge research. Looking retrospectively at advancement over the years as all reviews eventually must, the fundamental lesson to be learned is best explained by Jonatan Mårtensson: "Success will never be a big step in the future. Success is a small step taken just now."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- From the San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA.
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Pisciotta A, Riccio M, Carnevale G, Lu A, De Biasi S, Gibellini L, La Sala GB, Bruzzesi G, Ferrari A, Huard J, De Pol A. Stem cells isolated from human dental pulp and amniotic fluid improve skeletal muscle histopathology in mdx/SCID mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:156. [PMID: 26316011 PMCID: PMC4552417 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by a lack of the functional structural protein dystrophin, leads to severe muscle degeneration where the patients are typically wheelchair-bound and die in their mid-twenties from cardiac or respiratory failure or both. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) to differentiate toward a skeletal myogenic lineage using several different protocols in order to determine the optimal conditions for achieving myogenic commitment and to subsequently evaluate their contribution in the improvement of the pathological features associated with dystrophic skeletal muscle when intramuscularly injected into mdx/SCID mice, an immune-compromised animal model of DMD. METHODS Human DPSCs and AFSCs were differentiated toward myogenic lineage in vitro through the direct co-culture with a myogenic cell line (C2C12 cells) and through a preliminary demethylation treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), respectively. The commitment and differentiation of both hDPSCs and hAFSCs were evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Subsequently, hDPSCs and hAFSCs, preliminarily demethylated and pre-differentiated toward a myogenic lineage for 2 weeks, were injected into the dystrophic gastrocnemius muscles of mdx/SCID mice. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, the gastrocnemius muscles were taken for immunofluorescence and histological analyses. RESULTS Both populations of cells engrafted within the host muscle of mdx/SCID mice and through a paracrine effect promoted angiogenesis and reduced fibrosis, which eventually led to an improvement of the histopathology of the dystrophic muscle. CONCLUSION This study shows that hAFSCs and hDPSCs represent potential sources of stem cells for translational strategies to improve the histopathology and potentially alleviate the muscle weakness in patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Massimo Riccio
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni B La Sala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Bruzzesi
- Oro-Maxillo-Facial Department, AUSL Baggiovara, via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Baggiovara, Italy.
| | - Adriano Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Children Rehabilitation Special Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
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Ybarra N, Vincent P, Smith LC, Troncy E. Oxytocin improves the expression of cardiac specific markers in porcine bone marrow stem cells differentiation. Res Vet Sci 2014; 98:42-50. [PMID: 25541154 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) treated with 5-azacytidine possess myogenic differentiation potential. Oxytocin (OT) induces cardiomyogenesis in murine embryonic and cardiac stem cells. We attempted to isolate, characterize, and induce OT-mediated cardiomyogenic differentiation of porcine pBMSCs. Cells were treated as: control, OT, and 5-azacytidine groups. During early passages, transcripts of Oct4, GATA4, OT receptor, and phospholamban were expressed. RT-PCR showed upregulation of GATA4 in OT and 5-azacytidine-induced groups. Immunocytochemistry revealed higher expressions of cardiac troponin T and myosin heavy chain in OT than in 5-azacytidine-induced groups (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed upregulation of cardiac troponin I in OT-induced pBMSCs (p < 0.01). We infer pBMSCs should be induced during early passages, when expressing transcription factors related to pluripotency and cardiomyogenesis, as well as OT receptor. The more abundant expression of cardiac specific proteins in OT-treated pBMSCs suggests OT could be a more potent cardiomyogenic inducer of pBMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Ybarra
- GREPAQ - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Vincent
- CRRA - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence C Smith
- CRRA - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- GREPAQ - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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López-Ruiz E, Perán M, Picón-Ruiz M, García MA, Carrillo E, Jiménez-Navarro M, Hernández MC, Prat I, De Teresa E, Marchal JA. Cardiomyogenic differentiation potential of human endothelial progenitor cells isolated from patients with myocardial infarction. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1229-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhu Z, Liu Z, Liu J, Bi M, Yang T, Wang J. Proteomic profiling of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells upon transforming LIM mineralization protein-1 stimulation. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:285-97. [PMID: 24468833 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) can differentiate into different types of cells and thus have tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation, maturation and bone formation. To determine a global effect of LMP-1 on hPDMSCs, we designed a study using a proteomic approach combined with adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of LMP-1 to identify LMP-1-induced changes in hPDMSCs on proteome level. We have generated proteome maps of undifferentiated hPDMSCs and LMP-1 induced hPDMSCs. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 22 spots with at least 2.0-fold changes in expression and 15 differently expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The proteins regulated by LMP-1 included cytoskeletal proteins, cadmium-binding proteins, and metabolic proteins, etc. The expression of some identified proteins was confirmed by further Western blot analyses. Our results will play an important role in better elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism in LMP-1 included hPDMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Brückner S, Tautenhahn HM, Winkler S, Stock P, Dollinger M, Christ B. A fat option for the pig: hepatocytic differentiated mesenchymal stem cells for translational research. Exp Cell Res 2013; 321:267-75. [PMID: 24200501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY BACKGROUND Extended liver resection is the only curative treatment option of liver cancer. Yet, the residual liver may not accomplish the high metabolic and regenerative capacity needed, which frequently leads to acute liver failure. Because of their anti-inflammatory and -apoptotic as well as pro-proliferative features, mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells might provide functional and regenerative compensation. Clinical translation of basic research requires pre-clinical approval in large animals. Therefore, we characterized porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from adipose tissue and bone marrow and their hepatocyte differentiation potential for future assessment of functional liver support after surgical intervention in the pig model. METHODS Mesenchymal surface antigens and multi-lineage differentiation potential of porcine MSC isolated by collagenase digestion either from bone marrow or adipose tissue (subcutaneous/visceral) were assessed by flow cytometry. Morphology and functional properties (urea-, glycogen synthesis and cytochrome P450 activity) were determined during culture under differentiation conditions and compared with primary porcine hepatocytes. RESULTS MSC from porcine adipose tissue and from bone marrow express the typical mesenchymal markers CD44, CD29, CD90 and CD105 but not haematopoietic markers. MSC from both sources displayed differentiation into the osteogenic as well as adipogenic lineage. After hepatocyte differentiation, expression of CD105 decreased significantly and cells adopted the typical polygonal morphology of hepatocytes. Glycogen storage was comparable in adipose tissue- and bone marrow-derived cells. Urea synthesis was about 35% lower in visceral than in subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived MSC. Cytochrome P450 activity increased significantly during differentiation and was twice as high in hepatocyte-like cells generated from bone marrow as from adipose tissue. CONCLUSION The hepatocyte differentiation of porcine adipose tissue-derived MSC was shown for the first time yielding hepatocyte-like cells with specific functions similar in bone marrow and subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived MSC. That makes them good pre-clinical candidates for supportive approaches after liver resection in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brückner
- University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany; TRM, Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
| | - Sandra Winkler
- University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
| | - Peggy Stock
- University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
| | - Matthias Dollinger
- University Hospital Ulm, First Department of Medicine, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm D-89081, Germany.
| | - Bruno Christ
- University Hospital Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany; TRM, Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
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Naeem N, Haneef K, Kabir N, Iqbal H, Jamall S, Salim A. DNA Methylation Inhibitors, 5-azacytidine and Zebularine Potentiate the Transdifferentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 31:201-9. [PMID: 22954287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2012.00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Naeem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD); International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS); University of Karachi; Karachi; Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Haneef
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD); International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS); University of Karachi; Karachi; Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD); International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS); University of Karachi; Karachi; Pakistan
| | - Hana'a Iqbal
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD); International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS); University of Karachi; Karachi; Pakistan
| | - Siddiqua Jamall
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Karachi; Karachi; Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD); International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS); University of Karachi; Karachi; Pakistan
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Rosa-Garrido M, Karbassi E, Monte E, Vondriska TM. Regulation of chromatin structure in the cardiovascular system. Circ J 2013; 77:1389-98. [PMID: 23575346 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been appreciated for some time that cardiovascular disease involves large-scale transcriptional changes in various cell types. What has become increasingly clear only in the past few years, however, is the role of chromatin remodeling in cardiovascular phenotypes in normal physiology, as well as in development and disease. This review summarizes the state of the chromatin field in terms of distinct mechanisms to regulate chromatin structure in vivo, identifying when these modes of regulation have been demonstrated in cardiovascular tissues. We describe areas in which a better understanding of chromatin structure is leading to new insights into the fundamental biology of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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20
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Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 2012; 83:1391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kim J, Shin JM, Jeon YJ, Chung HM, Chae JI. Proteomic validation of multifunctional molecules in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32350. [PMID: 22615730 PMCID: PMC3353928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most attractive therapeutic resources in clinical application owing to their multipotent capability, which means that cells can differentiate into various mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle and marrow stroma. Depending on the cellular source, MSCs exhibit different application potentials according to their different in vivo functions, despite similar phenotypic and cytological characteristics. To understand the different molecular conditions that govern the different application or differentiation potential of each MSC according to cellular source, we generated a proteome reference map of MSCs obtained from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood (PB). We identified approximately 30 differentially regulated (or expressed) proteins. Most up-regulated proteins show a cytoskeletal and antioxidant or detoxification role according to their functional involvement. Additionally, these proteins are involved in the increase of cell viability, engraftment and migration in pathological conditions in vivo. In summary, we examined differentially expressed key regulatory factors of MSCs obtained from several cellular sources, demonstrated their differentially expressed proteome profiles and discussed their functional role in specific pathological conditions. With respect to the field of cell therapy, it may be particularly crucial to determine the most suitable cell sources according to target disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumi Kim
- CHA Bio & Diostech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyung Min Chung
- CHA Bio & Diostech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Life Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HMC); (JIC)
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- * E-mail: (HMC); (JIC)
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Thal MA, Krishnamurthy P, Mackie AR, Hoxha E, Lambers E, Verma S, Ramirez V, Qin G, Losordo DW, Kishore R. Enhanced angiogenic and cardiomyocyte differentiation capacity of epigenetically reprogrammed mouse and human endothelial progenitor cells augments their efficacy for ischemic myocardial repair. Circ Res 2012; 111:180-90. [PMID: 22589372 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.270462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-based therapies improve the symptoms in patients with ischemic heart disease, their limited plasticity and decreased function in patients with existing heart disease limit the full benefit of EPC therapy for cardiac regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that reprogramming mouse or human EPCs, or both, using small molecules targeting key epigenetic repressive marks would lead to a global increase in active gene transcription, induce their cardiomyogenic potential, and enhance their inherent angiogenic potential. METHOD AND RESULTS Mouse Lin-Sca1(+)CD31(+) EPCs and human CD34(+) cells were treated with inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (5-Azacytidine), histone deacetylases (valproic acid), and G9a histone dimethyltransferase. A 48-hour treatment led to global increase in active transcriptome, including the reactivation of pluripotency-associated and cardiomyocyte-specific mRNA expression, whereas endothelial cell-specific genes were significantly upregulated. When cultured under appropriate differentiation conditions, reprogrammed EPCs showed efficient differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Treatment with epigenetic-modifying agents show marked increase in histone acetylation on cardiomyocyte and pluripotent cell-specific gene promoters. Intramyocardial transplantation of reprogrammed mouse and human EPCs in an acute myocardial infarction mouse model showed significant improvement in ventricular functions, which was histologically supported by their de novo cardiomyocyte differentiation and increased capillary density and reduced fibrosis. Importantly, cell transplantation was safe and did not form teratomas. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that epigenetically reprogrammed EPCs display a safe, more plastic phenotype and improve postinfarct cardiac repair by both neocardiomyogenesis and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Thal
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
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Tiwari A, Tursky ML, Mushahary D, Wasnik S, Collier FM, Suma K, Kirkland MA, Pande G. Ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood on acellular scaffolds prepared from MS-5 stromal cell line. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:871-83. [PMID: 22511368 DOI: 10.1002/term.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lineage-specific expansion of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) is desirable because of their several applications in translational medicine, e.g. treatment of cancer, bone marrow failure and immunodeficiencies. The current methods for HSPC expansion use either cellular feeder layers and/or soluble growth factors and selected matrix components coated on different surfaces. The use of cell-free extracellular matrices from bone marrow cells for this purpose has not previously been reported. We have prepared insoluble, cell-free matrices from a murine bone marrow stromal cell line (MS-5) grown under four different conditions, i.e. in presence or absence of osteogenic medium, each incubated under 5% and 20% O₂ tensions. These acellular matrices were used as biological scaffolds for the lineage-specific expansion of magnetically sorted CD34⁺ cells and the results were evaluated by flow cytometry and colony-forming assays. We could get up to 80-fold expansion of some HSPCs on one of the matrices and our results indicated that oxygen tension played a significant role in determining the expansion capacity of the matrices. A comparative proteomic analysis of the matrices indicated differential expression of proteins, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase and gelsolin, which have previously been identified as playing a role in HSPC maintenance and expansion. Our approach may be of value in identifying factors relevant to tissue engineering-based ex vivo HSPC expansion, and it may also provide insights into the constitution of the niche in which these cells reside in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Tiwari
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India; Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Mohsin S, Siddiqi S, Collins B, Sussman MA. Empowering adult stem cells for myocardial regeneration. Circ Res 2012; 109:1415-28. [PMID: 22158649 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.243071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment strategies for heart failure remain a high priority for ongoing research due to the profound unmet need in clinical disease coupled with lack of significant translational progress. The underlying issue is the same whether the cause is acute damage, chronic stress from disease, or aging: progressive loss of functional cardiomyocytes and diminished hemodynamic output. To stave off cardiomyocyte losses, a number of strategic approaches have been embraced in recent years involving both molecular and cellular approaches to augment myocardial structure and performance. Resultant excitement surrounding regenerative medicine in the heart has been tempered by realizations that reparative processes in the heart are insufficient to restore damaged myocardium to normal functional capacity and that cellular cardiomyoplasty is hampered by poor survival, proliferation, engraftment, and differentiation of the donated population. To overcome these limitations, a combination of molecular and cellular approaches must be adopted involving use of genetic engineering to enhance resistance to cell death and increase regenerative capacity. This review highlights biological properties of approached to potentiate stem cell-mediated regeneration to promote enhanced myocardial regeneration, persistence of donated cells, and long-lasting tissue repair. Optimizing cell delivery and harnessing the power of survival signaling cascades for ex vivo genetic modification of stem cells before reintroduction into the patient will be critical to enhance the efficacy of cellular cardiomyoplasty. Once this goal is achieved, then cell-based therapy has great promise for treatment of heart failure to combat the loss of cardiac structure and function associated with acute damage, chronic disease, or aging.
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Xiao Y, Chen J. Proteomics approaches in the identification of molecular signatures of mesenchymal stem cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 129:153-76. [PMID: 22790357 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated, multi-potent stem cells with the ability to renew. They can differentiate into many types of terminal cells, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, and neurons. These cells have been applied in tissue engineering as the main cell type to regenerate new tissues. However, a number of issues remain concerning the use of MSCs, such as cell surface markers, the determining factors responsible for their differentiation to terminal cells, and the mechanisms whereby growth factors stimulate MSCs. In this chapter, we will discuss how proteomic techniques have contributed to our current knowledge and how they can be used to address issues currently facing MSC research. The application of proteomics has led to the identification of a special pattern of cell surface protein expression of MSCs. The technique has also contributed to the study of a regulatory network of MSC differentiation to terminal differentiated cells, including osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic islet cells. It has also helped elucidate mechanisms for growth factor-stimulated differentiation of MSCs. Proteomics can, however, not reveal the accurate role of a special pathway and must therefore be combined with other approaches for this purpose. A new generation of proteomic techniques have recently been developed, which will enable a more comprehensive study of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia,
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Sheveleva ON, Payushina OV, Kozhevnikova MN, Butorina NN, Starostin VI. Spontaneous and induced myogenesis in cell cultures from rat fetal liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x11060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang G, Tian J, Feng C, Zhao LL, Liu Z, Zhu J. Trichostatin a promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells after 5-azacytidine induction or during coculture with neonatal cardiomyocytes via a mechanism independent of histone deacetylase inhibition. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:985-96. [PMID: 21944777 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x593145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on cardiac differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. Rat MSCs were isolated and divided into six groups: 1) control; 2) 5-azacytidine treatment (5-aza, 10 μM); 3) treatment with TSA (100, 300, and 500 nM); 4) treatment with 5-aza followed by incubation with TSA; 5) coculture with neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMs); and 6) treatment with TSA then coculture with CMs. HDAC activity was significantly inhibited in TSA-treated cells with the maximal inhibition after 24 h of exposure to TSA at 300 nM. No changes in HDAC activity were observed in control, 5-aza-treated, or coculture groups. Following 7 days of differentiation, the expression of early cardiac transcription factors GATA-4, NKx2.5, MEF2c, and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was increased by 6-8 times in the cells in 5-aza-treated, coculture, or TSA-treated groups over control as determined using real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. However, the percent cTnT-positive cells were dramatically different with 0.7% for control, 10% for 5-aza-treated, 25% for coculture, and 4% for TSA-treated group (500 nM). TSA treatment of the cells pretreated with 5-aza or cocultured with CMs dramatically increased the expression of GATA-4, NKx2.5, and MEF2c by 35-50 times over control. The cTnT protein expression was also significantly increased by over threefold by TSA treatment (500 nM) in both 5-aza-treated and coculture group over control. The percent cTnT-positive cells in both 5-aza-pre-treated and coculture groups were significantly increased by TSA treatment after 1 week of differentiation by up to 92.6% (from 10.3% to 19.8%) and 23.9% (from 24.5% to 30.2%), respectively. These data suggested that TSA enhanced the cardiac differentiation of MSCs after 5-aza induction or during coculture with CMs through a mechanism beyond the inhibition of HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Pediatric Institute of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li XH, Fu YH, Lin QX, Liu ZY, Shan ZX, Deng CY, Zhu JN, Yang M, Lin SG, Li Y, Yu XY. Induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve cardiac performance of infarcted rat hearts. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1333-42. [PMID: 21667244 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) with induced BMSC (iBMSC) or uninduced BMSC (uBMSC) into the myocardium could improve the performance of post-infarcted rat hearts. BMSCs were specified by flowcytometry. IBMSCs were cocultured with rat cardiomyocyte before transplantation. Cells were injected into borders of cardiac scar tissue 1 week after experimental infarction. Cardiac performance was evaluated by echocardiography at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after cellular or PBS injection. Langendorff working-heart and histological studies were performed 4 weeks after treatment. Myogenesis was detected by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. Echocardiography showed a nearly normal ejection fraction (EF) in iBMSC-treated rats and all sham control rats but a lower EF in all PBS-treated animals. The iBMSC-treated heart, assessed by echocardiography, improved fractional shortening compared with PBS-treated hearts. The coronary flow (CF) was decreased obviously in PBS and uBMSC-treated groups, but recovered in iBMSC-treated heart at 4 weeks (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed co-localization of Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled transplanted cells with cardiac markers for cardiomyocytes, indicating regeneration of damaged myocardium. These data provide strong evidence that iBMSC implantation is of more potential to improve infarcted cardiac performance than uBMSC treatment. It will open new promising therapeutic opportunities for patients with post-infarction heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Weilun Bldg, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Pharmacologic and genetic strategies to enhance cell therapy for cardiac regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:619-25. [PMID: 21645519 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is emerging as an exciting potential therapeutic approach for cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). As heart failure (HF) prevalence increases over time, development of new interventions designed to aid cardiac recovery from injury are crucial and should be considered more broadly. In this regard, substantial efforts to enhance the efficacy and safety of cell therapy are continuously growing along several fronts, including modifications to improve the reprogramming efficiency of inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPS), genetic engineering of adult stem cells, and administration of growth factors or small molecules to activate regenerative pathways in the injured heart. These interventions are emerging as potential therapeutic alternatives and/or adjuncts based on their potential to promote stem cell homing, proliferation, differentiation, and/or survival. Given the promise of therapeutic interventions to enhance the regenerative capacity of multipotent stem cells as well as specifically guide endogenous or exogenous stem cells into a cardiac lineage, their application in cardiac regenerative medicine should be the focus of future clinical research. This article is part of a special issue entitled "Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure."
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Harting MT, Jimenez F, Cox CS. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+) transgenic rodents: the grass is not always green(er). Stem Cells Dev 2010; 18:127-35. [PMID: 18518666 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy is under intense basic science and clinical investigation as a therapeutic intervention. One of the challenges lies in tracking these cells in vivo. While there are many ways to label and track cells--each with strengths and weaknesses--the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a reporter gene commonly employed. We report a significant and consistent reduction in the expression of GFP with the culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the bone marrow of GFP(+) transgenic rodents. After MSC isolation and immunophenotype characterization, along with co-localization with GFP, MSCs were evaluated for GFP expression through flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy, revealing that only 50% of the cells expressed GFP. Differentiation of the cells to adipocytes did not alter the GFP expression significantly. Incubation with an anti-GFP antibody increased the fluorescent intensity of the GFP-expressing and some of the GFP nonexpressing cells. Incubation of MSCs with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, did not significantly alter GFP expression, while incubation with a DNA demethylation reagent, 5-azacytidine, increased GFP expression, suggesting that epigenetic modification by DNA methylation may play a role in GFP expression among MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Trauma Research Center, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Fan X, Li X, Lv S, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Luo G. Comparative proteomics research on rat MSCs differentiation induced by Shuanglong Formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:575-580. [PMID: 20659544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shuanglong Formula (SLF) is a classic formula for treating heart disease in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). And it has been reported that the combinational treatment of SLF with autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation could be of benefit to people with acute myocardial infarction. However, their underlying mechanisms are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The effects of whole formula and its herbal main ingredients on rat MSCs differentiation towards cardiomyocytes were investigated and the distinct protein expression profile in MSC-derived cardiomyocytes studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein expression profiles of rat MSCs and cardiomyocyte-like cells were determined with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). RESULTS Our data demonstrated that SLF can induce MSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells and around 36 proteins mainly involved in cytoskeleton, cell tissue energy metabolism and signal transduction have been shown to be regulated distinctly by SLF treatment. CONCLUSIONS Data presented in this study suggest that large rearrangement of the proteome occur during the differentiation process of the MSCs to terminally differentiated cardiomyocyte-like cells and offer the possibility for further characterization of specific targets driving the stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fan
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Logan PC, Ponnampalam AP, Rahnama F, Lobie PE, Mitchell MD. The effect of DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine on human endometrial stromal cells. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2859-69. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Rodríguez-Serrano F, Alvarez P, Caba O, Picón M, Marchal JA, Perán M, Prados J, Melguizo C, Rama AR, Boulaiz H, Aránega A. Promotion of human adipose-derived stem cell proliferation mediated by exogenous nucleosides. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:917-924. [PMID: 20522021 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are becoming the best option for regenerative medicine because they have low tumourigenic potential and permit autologous transplantation, even without in vitro culture. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of exogenous nucleosides on the proliferation of hASCs (human adipose-derived stem cells), with or without co-treatment with 5-aza (5-azacytidine), and to analyse the expression of lamin A/C during cardiomyocyte differentiation of these cells. We isolated hASCs from human lipoaspirates that were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers. We found that 5-aza induces a dose-dependent inhibition of hASC proliferation [IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50): 5.37 microM], whereas exogenous nucleosides significantly promote the proliferation of hASCs and partially revert the antiproliferative effect of the drug. Multipotentiality of isolated hASCs was confirmed by adipogenic, osteogenic and cardiomyogenic induction. 5-Aza-induced cells expressed cardiac troponins I and T and myosin light chain 2, myocardial markers that were directly correlated with lamin A/C expression. Our results support the importance of the nucleoside supplementation of media to improve conditions for the expansion and maintenance of hASCs in culture. In addition, the quantification of lamin A/C expression appears to be a good marker for the characterization of cardiomyocyte differentiation of stem cells that has rarely been used.
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Intravenous infusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves brain function after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2010; 36:S486-91. [PMID: 20449915 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31818a8ff0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were previously shown to improve myocardial function when administered intravenously after resuscitation from cardiac arrest in rats. Coincidental evidence of improved brain function prompted the present study. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING University-affiliated research institute. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Using an established model in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats in which 6 mins of untreated cardiac arrest was followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation, animals were randomized to receive 5 x 10(6) mesenchymal stem cells labeled with PKH26 in phosphate buffer solution or phosphate buffer solution alone as a placebo at 2 hrs after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The stem cells or buffer diluent were injected into a catheter advanced from the jugular vein into the right atrium. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Outcome measurements in addition to 35-day survival included somatosensor testing of capability for removal of an adhesive patch applied to both front paws, testing of motor function using a rotating cylinder, and observational scoring of the severity of neurologic impairment. Labeled mesenchymal stem cells were subsequently identified and counted in 5 microm sections obtained from defined sites in the harvested brain. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify neural cells differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Adhesive removal, motor function test, neurologic severity score, and 35-day survival were each significantly improved in comparison with control animals. Labeled mesenchymal stem cells were identified in the hippocampus, cortex, pons, medulla, and cerebellum and expressed protein markers phenotypic neural cells. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells injected into the right atrium of rats after resuscitation from cardiac arrest were identified in brains harvested 35 days later. Brain function was significantly improved. Accordingly, venous injection of mesenchymal stem cells after cardiopulmonary resuscitation has promise of minimizing the severity of postresuscitation neurologic impairment.
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Nakatsuka R, Nozaki T, Uemura Y, Matsuoka Y, Sasaki Y, Shinohara M, Ohura K, Sonoda Y. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment induces skeletal myogenic differentiation of mouse dental pulp stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:350-7. [PMID: 20362276 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue stem cells in dental pulp are assumed to possess differentiation potentials similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this in vitro study is to examine the differentiation potentials of mouse dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and develop the appropriate differentiation assay systems for skeletal myogenic differentiation of these cells. METHODS Dental pulps were extracted from mandible sections of C57/BL6 mice, and adherent dental pulp cells were isolated in culture. These cells were cultured in osteogenic or adipogenic induction medium to induce osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. On the other hand, the skeletal myogenic differentiation potential of these cells was investigated using different conditions, such as serum-free medium, Myod1 overexpression, or 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) treatment for DNA demethylation. Muscle-specific transcriptional factor expression was evaluated by RT-PCR, and myotube formation and myosin heavy chain expression were evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. RESULTS The adherent dental pulp cells exhibited a proliferative capacity and they showed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation as seen in previous studies. Although the expression of Myod1 mRNA and myotube formation was not detected in serum-free conditions, the forced expression of Myod1 up-regulated the expression of Myogenin and Pax7 mRNA. However, myotube formation was not confirmed. Interestingly, myosin heavy chain expression and myotube formation were observed following 5-Aza treatment of these cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that mouse DPSCs possess MSC-like differentiation potential. DNA demethylation induced by 5-Aza treatment resulted in the skeletal muscle differentiation in mouse DPSCs, suggesting that DNA demethylation might trigger this differential induction of mouse DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan.
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Mareddy S, Broadbent J, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Proteomic profiling of distinct clonal populations of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:776-86. [PMID: 19229859 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted immense research interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to be cultured for successive passages and multi-lineage differentiation. The molecular mechanisms governing MSC self-renewal and differentiation remain largely unknown. The development of sophisticated techniques, in particular clinical proteomics, has enabled researchers in various fields to identify and characterize cell specific biomarkers for therapeutic purposes. This study seeks to understand the cellular and sub-cellular processes responsible for the existence of stem cell populations in bone marrow samples by revealing the whole cell proteome of the clonal cultures of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). Protein profiling of the MSC clonal populations was conducted by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography/Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry (MS). A total of 83 proteins were identified with high confidence of which 11 showed differential expression between subpopulations, which included cytoskeletal and structural proteins, calcium binding proteins, cytokinetic proteins, and members of the intermediate filament family. This study generated a proteome reference map of BMSCs from the clonal populations, which will be valuable to better understand the underlying mechanism of BMSC self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Mareddy
- Medical Device Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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Wu L, Wei X, Ling J, Liu L, Liu S, Li M, Xiao Y. Early osteogenic differential protein profile detected by proteomic analysis in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:645-56. [PMID: 19453858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human periodontal ligament cells play a pivotal role in maintaining periodontal ligament space, contain progenitors that are able to differentiate into cementoblasts/osteoblasts and have a tremendous potential to regenerate periodontal tissue. However, the exact molecular mechanisms governing the differentiation mechanisms of progenitors in periodontal ligament cells remain largely unknown. This study was carried out to investigate the differentially expressed proteins involved in the osteogenic differentiation of progenitors presented in periodontal ligament cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting, we analyzed the differential protein profiles of periodontal ligament cells undergoing mineralization. RESULTS Compared with undifferentiated periodontal ligament cells, 61 proteins in periodontal ligament cells undergoing differentiation showed at least a 1.5-fold change in intensity, of which 29 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The expression of some of the identified proteins was further confirmed by western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The identified proteins were cytoskeleton proteins and cytoskeleton-associated proteins, nuclear proteins and cell membrane-bound molecules. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the proteins identified in this study may be associated with the unique function of periodontal ligament cells in maintaining periodontal tissue homeostasis, thus providing a comprehensive reference for understanding and investigating in greater detail the molecular mechanisms of periodontal ligament cells involved in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
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Çelebi B, Elçin YM. Proteome Analysis of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subcultures. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2164-72. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betül Çelebi
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology Institute, AU-TEBNL, Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y. Murat Elçin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology Institute, AU-TEBNL, Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
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Improved outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats with myocardial infarction treated with allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:833-9. [PMID: 19237885 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181962a20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that rats in which myocardial infarction had been treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would have better outcomes following the global myocardial ischemia of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compared with rats in which myocardial infarction had been treated with phosphate buffer solution (PBS). DESIGN Prospective, randomized controlled study. SETTING University-affiliated research institute. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Myocardial infarction was induced in 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four weeks later, animals were randomized to receive 5 x 10 MSCs labeled with red fluorescent dye gel (PKH26) in PBS or a PBS-alone injection into right femoral vein. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Echocardiographically measured myocardial function, including ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular end-systolic volume, was quantitated 2 and 4 weeks after administering MSCs or PBS. Four weeks after MSCs or PBS injection, 6 minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and 6 minutes of CPR were performed before defibrillation. Myocardial function, including cardiac index, left ventricular, dP/dt max (dP/dt max), left ventricular negative dP/dt min (-dP/dt min), and left ventricular diastolic pressure, was measured before inducing VF and hourly following return of spontaneous circulation. Labeled MSCs were observed in 5-mum cryostat sections from each harvested heart. Significant improvements in ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, cardiac index, dP/dt max, -dP/dt min, and left ventricular diastolic pressure followed injection of MSCs before inducing VF. Following return of spontaneous circulation, myocardial function was significantly better in animals pretreated with MSCs; this was associated with significantly increased duration of postresuscitation survival. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial function before and after CPR and duration of survival after CPR were significantly improved in animals in which myocardial infarction was treated with MSCs. MSCs existing in the myocardium resisted a secondary ischemic event and provided better postresuscitation myocardial function.
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Wang T, Tang W, Sun S, Wan Z, Xu T, Huang Z, Weil MH. Mesenchymal stem cells improve outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in myocardial infarcted rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 46:378-84. [PMID: 19101561 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that administration of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by intravenous, intraventricular or intramyocardial injection could improve myocardial function after survival time after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in myocardial infarcted rats. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery in 54 rats (6 groups, 9 rats for each group). Left ventricular remodeling was quantitated weekly by ejection fraction (EF) measurement. One month after ligation, animals were randomized to receive injection of either MSCs 5x10(6) labeled with PKH26 in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) or PBS alone as a placebo. MSCs or PBS were administered by injection into the right femoral vein, the left ventricular cavity, or into the infracted anterior ventricular free wall. Four weeks after MSC or PBS injection, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced and untreated for 6 min, followed by 6 min of CPR prior to defibrillation. Hemodynamics, including cardiac index (CI), left ventricular dP/dt40 (dP/dt40), left ventricular negative dP/dt (-dP/dt) and left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) were measured at baseline and hourly following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Labeled MSCs were observed in 5 microm sections obtained with a cryostat from each harvested heart. Independently of the site of injection of MSCs, EF, CI, dP/dt40, -dP/dt, and LVDP were significantly improved and sustained before and after CPR in the animals treated with MSCs and were associated with significantly increased survival time when compared with the corresponding PBS treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, 35100 Bob Hope Drive, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270, USA
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Abstract
Cell-based therapies for the prevention and treatment of cardiac dysfunction offer the potential to significantly modulate cardiac function and improve outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. To date several clinical studies have suggested the potential efficacy of several different stem cell types; however, the benefits seen in clinical trials have been inconsistent and modest. In parallel, preclinical studies have identified key events in the process of cell-based myocardial repair, including stem cell homing, engraftment, survival, paracrine factor release, and differentiation that need to be optimized to maximize cardiac repair and function. The inconsistent and modest benefits seen in clinical trials combined with the preclinical identification of mediators responsible for key events in cell-based cardiac repair offers the potential for cell-based therapy to advance to cell-based gene therapy in an attempt to optimize these key events in the hope of maximizing clinical benefit. Below we discuss potential key events in cardiac repair and the mediators of these events that could be of potential interest for genetic enhancement of stem cell-based cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Penn
- Skirball Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, Center for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, NE3, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Martin-Rendon E, Sweeney D, Lu F, Girdlestone J, Navarrete C, Watt SM. 5-Azacytidine-treated human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord, cord blood and bone marrow do not generate cardiomyocytes in vitro at high frequencies. Vox Sang 2008; 95:137-48. [PMID: 18557828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that differentiate into such lineages as bone, fat, cartilage and stromal cells that support haemopoiesis. Bone marrow MSCs can also contribute to cardiac repair, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Here, we examine the potential of MSCs from different sources to generate cardiomyocytes in vitro, as a means for predicting their therapeutic potential after myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the perivascular tissue and Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord and from cord blood. Their immunophenotype and differentiation potential to generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and cardiomyoxcytes in vitro was compared with those of bone marrow MSCs. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord and cord blood were phenotypically similar to bone marrow MSCs, the exception being in the expression of CD106, which was absent on umbilical cord MSCs, and CD146 that was highly expressed in cord blood MSCs. They have variable abilities to give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, with bone marrow MSCs being the most robust. While a small proportion (approximately 0.07%) of bone marrow MSCs could generate cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro, those from umbilical cord and cord blood did not express cardiac markers either spontaneously or after treatment with 5-azacytidine. CONCLUSION Although MSCs may be useful for such clinical applications as bone or cartilage repair, the results presented here indicate that such cells do not generate cardiomyocytes frequently enough for cardiac repair. Their efficacy in heart repair is likely to be due to paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martin-Rendon
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS-Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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Guo Y, Yang TL, Pan F, Xu XH, Dong SS, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2008; 3:223-267. [PMID: 30764094 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.3.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes the most important and representative molecular genetics studies of gene identification for osteoporosis published up to the end of September 2007. It is intended to constitute a sequential update of our previously published reviews covering the available data up to the end of 2004. Evidence from candidate gene-association studies, genome-wide linkage and association studies, as well as functional genomic studies (including gene-expression microarray and proteomics) on osteogenesis and osteoporosis, are reviewed separately. Studies of transgenic and knockout mice models relevant to osteoporosis are summarized. The major results of all studies are tabulated for comparison and ease of reference. Comments are made on the most notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of genetics of osteoporosis. The format adopted by this review should be ideal for accommodating future new advances and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- b The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China and Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Baharvand H, Fathi A, Gourabi H, Mollamohammadi S, Salekdeh GH. Identification of mouse embryonic stem cell-associated proteins. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:412-23. [PMID: 18047272 DOI: 10.1021/pr700560t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in discovering the molecular mechanisms controlling embryonic stem cells' (ESCs) proliferation and differentiation. Proteome analysis has proven to be an effective approach to comprehensively unravel the regulatory network of differentiation. We applied a two-dimensional electrophoresis based proteomic approach followed by mass spectrometry to analyze the proteome of two mouse ESC lines, Royan B1 and D3, at 0, 6, and 16 days after differentiation initiation. Out of 97 ESC-associated proteins commonly expressed in two ESC lines, 72 proteins were identified using MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry analysis. The expression pattern of four down-regulated proteins including Hspd1, Hspa8, beta-Actin, and Tpt1 were further confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses in Royan B1 and D3 as well as two other mouse ESC lines, Royan C1 and Royan C4. Differential mRNA expression analysis of 20 genes using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR revealed a low correlation between mRNA and protein levels during differentiation. We also observed that the mRNA level of Tpt1 increased significantly in differentiating cells, whereas its protein level decreased. Several novel ESC-associated proteins have been presented in this study which warrants further investigation with respect to the etiology of stemness.
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Abstract
Proteomics has evolved, in recent years, into effective tools for basic and applied stem cell research, and has been extensively used to facilitate the identification of changes in signal transduction components, especially with regard to plasticity, proliferation, and differentiation. Several recent reports have also employed proteomic strategies to characterize human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and their differentiated derivatives. Although these approaches have yielded valuable data, the results highlight the fact that only the limited numbers of proteins are characterized at the protein level in these cells, thus necessitating expandable MSC proteome dataset. This review presents, for the first time, an expandable list of MSC proteins, which will function as a starting point for the generation of a comprehensive reference map of their proteome. Also, the better way to bridge current gap between genomics and proteomics study such as integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analyses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang AX, Yu WH, Ma BF, Yu XB, Mao FF, Liu W, Zhang JQ, Zhang XM, Li SN, Li MT, Lahn BT, Xiang AP. Proteomic identification of differently expressed proteins responsible for osteoblast differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 304:167-79. [PMID: 17530189 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are a population of multipotent cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and other cells. The exact mechanism governing the differentiation of hMSC into osteoblasts remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed protein expression profiles of undifferentiated as well as osteogenic induced hMSC using 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE), mass spectrometry (MS), and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) to investigate the early gene expression in osteoblast differentiation. We have generated proteome maps of undifferentiated hMSC and osteogenic induced hMSC on day 3 and day 7. 2-DE revealed 102 spots with at least 2.0-fold changes in expression and 52 differently expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. These proteins were classified into 7 functional categories: metabolism, signal transduction, transcription, calcium-binding protein, protein degradation, protein folding and others. The expression of some identified proteins was confirmed by further RT-PCR analyses. This study clarifies the global proteome during osteoblast differentiation. Our results will play an important role in better elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism in hMSC differentiation into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Xia Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Abstract
Gene expression analyses of stem cells (SCs) will help to uncover or further define signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of self-renewal, pluripotency, and/or multipotency. In recent years, proteomic approaches have produced a wealth of data identifying proteins and mechanisms involved in SC proliferation and differentiation. Although many proteomics techniques have been developed and improved in peptide and protein separation, as well as mass spectrometry, several important issues, including sample heterogeneity, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interaction, and high-throughput quantification of hydrophobic and low-abundance proteins, still remain to be addressed and require further technical optimization. This review summarizes the methodologies used and the information gathered with proteome analyses of SCs, and it discusses biological and technical challenges for proteomic study of SCs. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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