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Sjölin J, Jonsson M, Orback C, Oldfors A, Jeppsson A, Synnergren J, Rotter Sopasakis V, Vukusic K. Expression of Stem Cell Niche-Related Biomarkers at the Base of the Human Tricuspid Valve. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:140-151. [PMID: 36565027 PMCID: PMC9986114 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell niches have been thoroughly investigated in tissue with high regenerative capacity but not in tissues where cell turnover is slow, such as the human heart. The left AtrioVentricular junction (AVj), the base of the mitral valve, has previously been proposed as a niche region for cardiac progenitors in the adult human heart. In the present study, we explore the right side of the human heart, the base of the tricuspid valve, to investigate the potential of this region as a progenitor niche. Paired biopsies from explanted human hearts were collected from multi-organ donors (N = 12). The lateral side of the AVj, right atria (RA), and right ventricle (RV) were compared for the expression of stem cell niche-related biomarkers using RNA sequencing. Gene expression data indicated upregulation of genes related to embryonic development and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition in the proposed niche region, that is, the AVj. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed high expression of the fetal cardiac markers MDR1, SSEA4, and WT1 within the same region. Nuclear expression of HIF1α was detected suggesting hypoxia. Rare cells were found with the co-staining of the proliferation marker PCNA and Ki67 with cardiomyocyte nuclei marker PCM1 and cardiac Troponin T (cTnT), indicating proliferation of small cardiomyocytes. WT1+/cTnT+ and SSEA4+/cTnT+ cells were also found, suggesting cardiomyocyte-specific progenitors. The expression of the stem cell markers gradually decreased with distance from the tricuspid valve. No expression of these markers was observed in the RV tissue. In summary, the base of the tricuspid valve is an ECM-rich region containing cells with expression of several stem cell niche-associated markers. Co-expression of stem cell markers with cTnT indicates cardiomyocyte-specific progenitors. We previously reported similar data from the base of the mitral valve and thus propose that human adult cardiomyocyte progenitors reside around both atrioventricular valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sjölin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jonsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Orback
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Victoria Rotter Sopasakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Vukusic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Vukusic K, Sandstedt M, Jonsson M, Jansson M, Oldfors A, Jeppsson A, Dellgren G, Lindahl A, Sandstedt J. The Atrioventricular Junction: A Potential Niche Region for Progenitor Cells in the Adult Human Heart. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1078-1088. [PMID: 31146637 PMCID: PMC6686725 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A stem cell niche is a microenvironment where stem cells reside in a quiescent state, until activated. In a previous rat model, we combined 5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine labeling with activation of endogenous stem cells by physical exercise and revealed a distinct region, in the atrioventricular junction (AVj), with features of a stem cell niche. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a similar niche exists in the human heart. Paired biopsies from AVj and left ventricle (LV) were collected both from explanted hearts of organ donors, not used for transplantation (N = 7) and from severely failing hearts from patients undergoing heart transplantation (N = 7). Using antibodies, we investigated the expression of stem cell, hypoxia, proliferation and migration biomarkers. In the collagen-dense region of the AVj in donor hearts, progenitor markers, MDR1, SSEA4, ISL1, WT1, and hypoxia marker, HIF1-α, were clearly detected. The expression gradually decreased with distance from the valve. At the myocardium border in the AVj costaining of the proliferation marker Ki67 with cardiomyocyte nuclei marker PCM1 and cardiac Troponin-T (cTnT) indicated proliferation of small cardiomyocytes. In the same site we also detected ISL1+/WT1+/cTnT cells. In addition, heterogeneity in cardiomyocyte sizes was noted. Altogether, these findings indicate different developmental stages of cardiomyocytes below the region dense in stem cell marker expression. In patients suffering from heart failure the AVj region showed signs of impairment generally displaying much weaker or no expression of progenitor markers. We describe an anatomic structure in the human hearts, with features of a progenitor niche that coincided with the same region previously identified in rats with densely packed cells expressing progenitor and hypoxia markers. The data provided in this study indicate that the adult heart contains progenitor cells and that AVj might be a specific niche region from which the progenitors migrate at the time of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vukusic
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sandstedt
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jonsson
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Märta Jansson
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Oldfors
- 3Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- 4Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,5Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- 4Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,5Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Sandstedt
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jacyniak K, Vickaryous MK. Constitutive cardiomyocyte proliferation in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius
). J Morphol 2018; 279:1355-1367. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Jacyniak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Matthew K. Vickaryous
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
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Differentiation-Associated MicroRNA Alterations in Mouse Heart-Derived Sca-1(+)CD31(-) and Sca-1(+)CD31(+) Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9586751. [PMID: 27298624 PMCID: PMC4889861 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9586751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells (CSC/CPCs) are critical to the cellular and functional integrity of the heart because they maintain myocardial cell homeostasis. Several populations of CSC/CPCs have been identified based on expression of different stem cell-associated antigens. Sca-1+ cells in the cardiac tissue may be the most common CSC/CPCs. However, they are a heterogeneous cell population and, in transplants, clinicians might transplant more endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cells than stem cells. The purposes of this study were to (1) isolate CSC/CPCs with Lin−CD45−Sca-1+CD31− and Lin−CD45−Sca-1+CD31+ surface antigens using flow-activated cell sorting; (2) investigate their differentiation potential; and (3) determine the molecular basis for differences in stemness characteristics between cell subtypes. The results indicated that mouse heart-derived Sca-1+CD31− cells were multipotent and retained the ability to differentiate into different cardiac cell lineages, but Sca-1+CD31+ cells did not. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression indicated that 20 microRNAs and 49 mRNAs were inversely associated with Sca-1+CD31− and Sca-1+CD31+ subtype stemness characteristics. In particular, mmu-miR-322-5p had more targeted and inversely associated genes and transcription factors and might have higher potential for CSC/CPCs differentiation.
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Makarenkova HP, Dartt DA. Myoepithelial Cells: Their Origin and Function in Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis, Homeostasis, and Repair. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 1:115-123. [PMID: 26688786 PMCID: PMC4683023 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-015-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine tubuloacinar gland that secretes the aqueous layer of the tear film. LG epithelium is composed of ductal, acinar, and myoepithelial cells (MECs) bordering the basal lamina and separating the epithelial layer from the extracellular matrix. Mature MECs have contractile ability and morphologically resemble smooth muscle cells; however, they exhibit features typical for epithelial cells, such as the presence of specific cytokeratin filaments. Increasing evidence supports the assertion that myoepithelial cells (MECs) play key roles in the lacrimal gland development, homeostasis, and stabilizing the normal structure and polarity of LG secretory acini. MECs take part in the formation of extracellular matrix gland and participate in signal exchange between epithelium and stroma. MECs have a high level of plasticity and are able to differentiate into several cell lineages. Here, we provide a review on some of the MEC characteristics and their role in LG morphogenesis, maintenance, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P. Makarenkova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Vukusic K, Asp J, Henriksson HB, Brisby H, Lindahl A, Sandstedt J. Physical exercise affects slow cycling cells in the rat heart and reveals a new potential niche area in the atrioventricular junction. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:387-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ge Z, Lal S, Le TYL, Dos Remedios C, Chong JJH. Cardiac stem cells: translation to human studies. Biophys Rev 2014; 7:127-139. [PMID: 28509972 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of multiple classes of cardiac progenitor cells in the adult mammalian heart has generated hope for their use as a therapeutic in heart failure. However, successful results from animal models have not always yielded similar findings in human studies. Recent Phase I/II trials of c-Kit (SCIPIO) and cardiosphere-based (CADUCEUS) cardiac progenitor cells have demonstrated safety and some therapeutic efficacy. Gaps remain in our understanding of the origins, function and relationships between the different progenitor cell families, many of which are heterogeneous populations with overlapping definitions. Another challenge lies in the limitations of small animal models in replicating the human heart. Cryopreserved human cardiac tissue provides a readily available source of cardiac progenitor cells and may help address these questions. We review important findings and relative unknowns of the main classes of cardiac progenitor cells, highlighting differences between animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ge
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thi Y L Le
- Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2145
| | | | - James J H Chong
- Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2145.
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8
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Epicardial Origin of Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Heart. J Dev Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/jdb2020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Dey D, Han L, Bauer M, Sanada F, Oikonomopoulos A, Hosoda T, Unno K, De Almeida P, Leri A, Wu JC. Dissecting the molecular relationship among various cardiogenic progenitor cells. Circ Res 2013; 112:1253-62. [PMID: 23463815 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.300779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple progenitors derived from the heart and bone marrow (BM) have been used for cardiac repair. Despite this, not much is known about the molecular identity and relationship among these progenitors. To develop a robust stem cell therapy for the heart, it is critical to understand the molecular identity of the multiple cardiogenic progenitor cells. OBJECTIVE This study is the first report of high-throughput transcriptional profiling of cardiogenic progenitor cells carried out on an identical platform. METHOD AND RESULTS Microarray-based transcriptional profiling was carried out for 3 cardiac (ckit(+), Sca1(+), and side population) and 2 BM (ckit(+) and mesenchymal stem cell) progenitors, obtained from age- and sex-matched wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Analysis indicated that cardiac-derived ckit(+) population was very distinct from Sca1(+) and side population cells in the downregulation of genes encoding for cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion proteins, and in the upregulation of developmental genes. Significant enrichment of transcripts involved in DNA replication and repair was observed in BM-derived progenitors. The BM ckit(+) cells seemed to have the least correlation with the other progenitors, with enrichment of immature neutrophil-specific molecules. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that cardiac ckit(+) cells represent the most primitive population in the rodent heart. Primitive cells of cardiac versus BM origin differ significantly with respect to stemness and cardiac lineage-specific genes, and molecules involved in DNA replication and repair. The detailed molecular profile of progenitors reported here will serve as a useful reference to determine the molecular identity of progenitors used in future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaveena Dey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA
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10
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Roehrich ME, Spicher A, Milano G, Vassalli G. Characterization of cardiac-resident progenitor cells expressing high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:503047. [PMID: 23484127 PMCID: PMC3581094 DOI: 10.1155/2013/503047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been associated with stem and progenitor cells in various tissues. Human cord blood and bone marrow ALDH-bright (ALDH(br)) cells have displayed angiogenic activity in preclinical studies and have been shown to be safe in clinical trials in patients with ischemic cardiovascular disease. The presence of ALDH(br) cells in the heart has not been evaluated so far. We have characterized ALDH(br) cells isolated from mouse hearts. One percent of nonmyocytic cells from neonatal and adult hearts were ALDH(br). ALDH(very-br) cells were more frequent in neonatal hearts than adult. ALDH(br) cells were more frequent in atria than ventricles. Expression of ALDH1A1 isozyme transcripts was highest in ALDH(very-br) cells, intermediate in ALDH(br) cells, and lowest in ALDH(dim) cells. ALDH1A2 expression was highest in ALDH(very-br) cells, intermediate in ALDH(dim) cells, and lowest in ALDH(br) cells. ALDH1A3 and ALDH2 expression was detectable in ALDH(very-br) and ALDH(br) cells, unlike ALDH(dim) cells, albeit at lower levels compared with ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2. Freshly isolated ALDH(br) cells were enriched for cells expressing stem cell antigen-1, CD34, CD90, CD44, and CD106. ALDH(br) cells, unlike ALDH(dim) cells, could be grown in culture for more than 40 passages. They expressed sarcomeric α -actinin and could be differentiated along multiple mesenchymal lineages. However, the proportion of ALDH(br) cells declined with cell passage. In conclusion, the cardiac-derived ALDH(br) population is enriched for progenitor cells that exhibit mesenchymal progenitor-like characteristics and can be expanded in culture. The regenerative potential of cardiac-derived ALDH(br) cells remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Estienne Roehrich
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Spicher
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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Characterization of myelomonocytoid progenitor cells with mesenchymal differentiation potential obtained by outgrowth from pancreas explants. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:429868. [PMID: 22953065 PMCID: PMC3431127 DOI: 10.1155/2012/429868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor cells can be obtained by outgrowth from tissue explants during primary ex vivo tissue culture. We have isolated and characterized cells outgrown from neonatal mouse pancreatic explants. A relatively uniform population of cells showing a distinctive morphology emerged over time in culture. This population expressed monocyte/macrophage and hematopoietic markers (CD11b(+) and CD45(+)), and some stromal-related markers (CD44(+) and CD29(+)), but not mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-defining markers (CD90(-) and CD105(-)) nor endothelial (CD31(-)) or stem cell-associated markers (CD133(-) and stem cell antigen-1; Sca-1(-)). Cells could be maintained in culture as a plastic-adherent monolayer in culture medium (MesenCult MSC) for more than 1 year. Cells spontaneously formed sphere clusters "pancreatospheres" which, however, were nonclonal. When cultured in appropriate media, cells differentiated into multiple mesenchymal lineages (fat, cartilage, and bone). Positive dithizone staining suggested that a subset of cells differentiated into insulin-producing cells. However, further studies are needed to characterize the endocrine potential of these cells. These findings indicate that a myelomonocytoid population from pancreatic explant outgrowths has mesenchymal differentiation potential. These results are in line with recent data onmonocyte-derivedmesenchymal progenitors (MOMPs).
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Identification of functional tissue-resident cardiac stem/progenitor cells in adult mouse. CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 2012; 19:e00016. [PMID: 23124433 PMCID: PMC3475443 DOI: 10.1042/cbr20120001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In most somatic tissues, ASCs (adult stem cells) are crucial for the maintenance of tissue homoeostasis under normal physiological state and recovery from injury. LRC (label retaining cell) assay is a well-known method of identifying possible somatic stem/progenitor cells and their location both in situ and in vivo. BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) was used here to tag the possible CSCs (cardiac stem cells)/CPCs (cardiac progenitor cells) in newborn pups, followed by a trace period of up to 24 months. In addition, we have used our newly developed 'KAL' method to rapidly Kill proliferating cells in adult heart tissues, then, Activate and Label the surviving CSCs/CPCs. LRCs that definitively exist in the heart tissues of adult mice, and some LRCs express the stem cell marker, Sca-1 or c-Kit, and are located primarily in the myocardium and vascular endothelial regions. Moreover, the number of LRCs remains nearly constant during the lifespan of the mouse. After injury induced by 5-fluorouracil, the proliferating cells were almost completely cleared on day 3, and the activated CSCs/CPCs retained their BrdU label after regeneration was complete. A small percentage of the CSCs/CPCs express Sca-1 or c-Kit. Furthermore, the LRC method together with KAL may be used to identify and locate possible CSCs/CPCs, which has potential clinical application.
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Key Words
- 5-Fu, 5-fluorouracil
- ASC, adult stem cell
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CPC, cardiac progenitor cell
- CSC, cardiac stem cell
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- HSC, haemopoietic stem cell
- LRC, label retaining cell
- N-cad, N-cadherin
- Sca-1, stem cell antigen-1
- TAC, transit-amplifying cell
- cardiac stem/progenitor cells
- histological location
- label retaining cell
- regeneration
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You S, Tariq A, Kublin CL, Zoukhri D. Detection of BrdU-label retaining cells in the lacrimal gland: implications for tissue repair. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 346:317-26. [PMID: 22101331 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine if the lacrimal gland contains 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-label retaining cells and if they are involved in tissue repair. Animals were pulsed daily with BrdU injections for 7 consecutive days. After a chase period of 2, 4, or 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the lacrimal glands were removed and processed for BrdU immunostaining. In another series of experiments, the lacrimal glands of 12-week chased animals were either left untreated or were injected with interleukin 1 (IL-1) to induce injury. Two and half days post-injection, the lacrimal glands were removed and processed for BrdU immunostaining. After 2 and 4 weeks of chase period, a substantial number of lacrimal gland cells were BrdU(+) (11.98 ± 1.84 and 7.95 ± 1.83 BrdU(+) cells/mm(2), respectively). After 12 weeks of chase, there was a 97% decline in the number of BrdU(+) cells (0.38 ± 0.06 BrdU(+) cells/mm(2)), suggesting that these BrdU-label retaining cells may represent slow-cycling adult stem/progenitor cells. In support of this hypothesis, the number of BrdU labeled cells increased over 7-fold during repair of the lacrimal gland (control: 0.41 ± 0.09 BrdU(+) cells/mm(2); injured: 2.91 ± 0.62 BrdU(+) cells/mm(2)). Furthermore, during repair, among BrdU(+) cells 58.2 ± 3.6 % were acinar cells, 26.4 ± 4.1% were myoepithelial cells, 0.4 ± 0.4% were ductal cells and 15.0 ± 3.0% were stromal cells. We conclude that the murine lacrimal gland contains BrdU-label retaining cells that are mobilized following injury to generate acinar, myoepithelial and ductal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha You
- Department of General Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 0211, USA
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