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Diomede F, Guarnieri S, Lanuti P, Konstantinidou F, Gatta V, Rajan TS, Pierdomenico SD, Trubiani O, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J. Extracellular vesicles (EVs): A promising therapeutic tool in the heart tissue regeneration. Biofactors 2024; 50:509-522. [PMID: 38131134 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been widely explored as a therapy for myocardial infarction, peripheral ischemic vascular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Latest in vitro studies suggest that MSCs can differentiate into contractile cardiomyocytes. One of the best-characterized MSCs products are MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are crucial paracrine effectors of MSCs. Based on previous works, paracrine effects of MSCs play a primary role in the regenerative ability. Hence, in the current paper, we focused our attention on an alternative approach, exploiting products derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) rather than MSCs themselves, which may denote a cost-effective and safer approach. The focus has been on EVs and the bioactive molecules they contain to evaluate their ability to influence the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage. The expression of GATA4, ACTC1, CX43, and Nkx2.5 was evaluated using Immunofluorescence, real time-PCR, and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, the expression profiling analysis of the microRNA hsa-miR-200c-3p, targeting the GATA4 gene, was studied. The hsa-miR-200c-3p was found significantly down-regulated in both c-hDPSCs + EVs-hDPSCs and c-hDPSCs + EVs-HL-1 compared to untreated c-hDPSCs underlying a possible epigenetic mechanism behind the prevalent up-regulation of its targeted GATA4 gene. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro model of hDPSCs able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in order to investigate the role of EVs derived from hDPSCs and derived from HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line in modulating the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- Research and Development Unit, Theertha Biopharma Private limited, KIADB, Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
| | - Sante D Pierdomenico
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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2
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Shih HM, Chen YC, Yeh YT, Peng FS, Wu SC. Assessment of the feasibility of human amniotic membrane stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28398. [PMID: 38560255 PMCID: PMC10979088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in extensive loss of cardiomyocytes and subsequent heart failure. Inducing cardiac differentiation of stem cells is a potential approach for myocardial regeneration therapy to improve post-MI prognosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have several advantages, including immune privilege and multipotent differentiation potential. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of chemically inducing human amniotic membrane MSCs (hAMSCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro. Human amniotic membrane (AM) samples were obtained from routine cesarean sections at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital. The isolated cells exhibited spindle-shaped morphology and expressed surface antigens CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD44, while lacking expression of CD19, CD11b, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR. The SSEA-1, SSEA-3, and SSEA-4 markers were also positive, and the cells displayed the ability for tri-lineage differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. The expression levels of MLC2v, Nkx2.5, and MyoD were analyzed using qPCR after applying various protocols for chemical induction, including BMP4, ActivinA, 5-azacytidine, CHIR99021, and IWP2 on hAMSCs. The group treated with 5 ng/ml BMP4, 10 ng/ml Activin A, 10 μM 5-azacytidine, 7.5 μM CHIR99021, and 5 μM IWP 2 expressed the highest levels of these genes. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the expression of α-actinin and Troponin T in this group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that hAMSCs can be chemically induced to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. However, to improve the functionality of the differentiated cells, further investigation of inductive protocols and regimens is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Man Shih
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Yeh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Inouye K, Yeganyan S, Kay K, Thankam FG. Programmed spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes in regenerative cardiology. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00093-8. [PMID: 38520412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells have gained attention as a promising therapeutic approach for damaged myocardium, and there have been efforts to develop a protocol for regenerating cardiomyocytes (CMs). Certain cells have showed a greater aptitude for yielding beating CMs, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells and extended pluripotent stem cells. The approach for generating CMs from stem cells differs across studies, although there is evidence that Wnt signaling, chemical additives, electrical stimulation, co-culture, biomaterials and transcription factors triggers CM differentiation. Upregulation of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 transcription factors has been correlated with successfully induced CMs, although Mef2c may potentially play a more prominent role in the generation of the beating phenotype, specifically. Regenerative research provides a possible candidate for cardiac repair; however, it is important to identify factors that influence their differentiation. Altogether, the spontaneously beating CMs would be monumental for regenerative research for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Inouye
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Yeganyan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Kaelen Kay
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.
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4
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Yan W, Li Y, Yin J, Liu Q, Shi Y, Tan J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Li J, Yan S. Protective effect of human epicardial adipose-derived stem cells on myocardial injury driven by poly-lactic acid nanopillar array. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:110-122. [PMID: 37904285 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated if poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanopillar array can trigger the differentiation of human epicardial (ADSCs) (heADSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells and explored the effects of these cardiomyocyte-like cells on myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo. PLA nanopillar array (200 nm diameter) and plain PLA film (PLA planar) induced heADSCs were marked with carboxyfluorescein. After 7 days, the expressions of myocardiocyte-specific genes were significantly enhanced in cells seeded on PLA nanopillar array compared with that on PLA planar, especially CACNA1C, KCNH2, and MYL2 genes (p < 0.05). However, the expressions of cardiac troponin T (cTNT), KCNQ1, and KCNA5 were lower than those in PLA planar-induced heADSCs (p < 0.05), whereas GATA4 tended to increase with time. The cells with positively stained α-actinin and cTNT were elevated in heADSCs induced by PLA nanopillar array compared with those induced by PLA planar only (p < 0.05). In vivo experiments showed that cardiac function was improved after injecting PLA-nanopillar array-induced heADSCs into the ischemic heart (p < 0.05, compared with PLA planar + MI group). Furthermore, tyrosine hydroxylase density was significantly lower (p < 0.05). PLA nanopillar array directly drives the differentiation of heADSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells, and the induced heADSCs exhibit a protective effect on ischemic myocardium by improving cardiac function in MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University& Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University& Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yugen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayu Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University& Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University& Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University& Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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5
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Angrisano T, Varrone F, Ragozzino E, Fico A, Minchiotti G, Brancaccio M. Cripto Is Targeted by miR-1a-3p in a Mouse Model of Heart Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12251. [PMID: 37569627 PMCID: PMC10419258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During cardiac differentiation, numerous factors contribute to the development of the heart. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac development will help combat cardiovascular disorders, among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the main mechanisms, we indeed find Cripto. Cripto is found in both the syncytiotrophoblast of ampullary pregnancies and the inner cell mass along the primitive streak as the second epithelial-mesenchymal transformation event occurs to form the mesoderm and the developing myocardium. At the same time, it is now known that cardiac signaling pathways are intimately intertwined with the expression of myomiRNAs, including miR-1. This miR-1 is one of the muscle-specific miRs; aberrant expression of miR-1 plays an essential role in cardiac diseases. Given this scenario, our study aimed to evaluate the inverse correlation between Cripto and miR-1 during heart development. We used in vitro models of the heart, represented by embryoid bodies (EBs) and embryonic carcinoma cell lines derived from an embryo-derived teratocarcinoma in mice (P19 cells), respectively. First, through a luciferase assay, we demonstrated that Cripto is a target of miR-1. Following this result, we observed that as the days of differentiation increased, the Cripto gene expression decreased, while the level of miR-1 increased; furthermore, after silencing miR-1 in P19 cells, there was an increase in Cripto expression. Moreover, inducing damage with a cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) in post-differentiation cells, we noted a decreased miR-1 expression and increased Cripto. Finally, in mouse cardiac biopsies, we observed by monitoring gene expression the distribution of Cripto and miR-1 in the right and left ventricles. These results allowed us to detect an inverse correlation between miR-1 and Cripto that could represent a new pharmacological target for identifying new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Ragozzino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 26100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Fico
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Sun Y, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Liu H, Tian J, Zhu J. Andrographolide-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium protects cardiomyocytes from injury by metabolic remodeling. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2651-2662. [PMID: 36641493 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation therapy providing a great hope for the recovery of myocardial ischemic hypoxic injury. However, the microenvironment after myocardial injury is not conducive to the survival of BMSCs, which limits the therapeutic application of BMSCs. Our previous study has confirmed that the survival of BMSCs cells in the glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia (GSDH) is increased after Andrographolide (AG) pretreatment, but whether this treatment could improve the effect of BMSCs in repairing of myocardial injury has not been verified. METHODS AND RESULT We first treated H9C2 with GSDH to simulate the microenvironment of myocardial injury in vitro, then we pretreated rat primary BMSCs with AG, and collected conditioned medium derived from BMSCs (BMSCs-CM) and conditioned medium derived from AG-pretreated BMSCs (AG-BMSCs-CM) after GSDH treatment. And they were used to treat H9C2 cells under GSDH to further detect oxidative stress and metabolic changes. The results showed that AG-BMSCs-CM could be more advantageous for cardiomyocyte injury repair than BMSCs-CM, as indicated by the decrease of apoptosis rate and oxidative stress. The changes of mitochondria and lipid droplets results suggested that AG-BMSCs-CM can regulate metabolic remodeling of H9C2 cells to repair cell injury, and that AMPK was activated during this process. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, the protective effect of AG-BMSCs-CM on GSDH-induced myocardial cell injury, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Sun
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Centre of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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7
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Zare A, Salehpour A, Khoradmehr A, Bakhshalizadeh S, Najafzadeh V, Almasi-Turk S, Mahdipour M, Shirazi R, Tamadon A. Epigenetic Modification Factors and microRNAs Network Associated with Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Cardiomyocytes: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020569. [PMID: 36836926 PMCID: PMC9965891 DOI: 10.3390/life13020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
More research is being conducted on myocardial cell treatments utilizing stem cell lines that can develop into cardiomyocytes. All of the forms of cardiac illnesses have shown to be quite amenable to treatments using embryonic (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we reviewed the differentiation of these cell types into cardiomyocytes from an epigenetic standpoint. We also provided a miRNA network that is devoted to the epigenetic commitment of stem cells toward cardiomyocyte cells and related diseases, such as congenital heart defects, comprehensively. Histone acetylation, methylation, DNA alterations, N6-methyladenosine (m6a) RNA methylation, and cardiac mitochondrial mutations are explored as potential tools for precise stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Zare
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Aria Salehpour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vahid Najafzadeh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sahar Almasi-Turk
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Amin Tamadon
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz 7135644144, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
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8
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An efficient human stem cells derived cardiotoxicity testing platform for testing oncotherapeutic analogues of quercetin and cinnamic acid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21362. [PMID: 36494370 PMCID: PMC9734143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncotherapeutics research is progressing at a rapid pace, however, not many drugs complete the successful clinical trial because of severe off-target toxicity to cardiomyocytes which ultimately leads to cardiac dysfunction. It is thus important to emphasize the need for early testing for possible cardiotoxicity of emerging oncotherapeutics. In this study, we assessed a novel stem cell-derived cardiac model for testing for cardiotoxicity of novel oncotherapeutics. We evaluated the cardiotoxic effect of synthesized derivatives of oncotherapeutics, quercetin (QMJ-2, -5, and -6) and cinnamic acid (NMJ-1, -2, and -3) using human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (WJCM) against known cardiotoxic oncologic drugs, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin. QMJ-6, NMJ-2, and NMJ-3 were not cardiotoxic and had minimum cardiac side effects. They did not show any effect on cardiomyocyte viability, caused low LDH release, and intracellular ROS production kept the calcium flux minimal and protected the active mitochondrial status in cardiomyocytes. They persevered cardiac-specific gene expression as well. However, compounds QMJ-2, QMJ-5, and NMJ-1 were cardiotoxic and the concentration needs to be reduced to prevent toxic effects on cardiomyocytes. Significantly, we were able to demonstrate that WJCM is an efficient cardiac testing model to analyze the cardiotoxicity of drugs in a human context.
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9
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Tambrchi P, Mahdavi AH, DaliriJoupari M, Soltani L. Polycaprolactone-co-polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold in combination with 5-azacytidine and transforming growth factor-β to induce cardiomyocyte differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:668-682. [PMID: 35924670 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) are promising candidates for cardiac repair/regeneration. The application of copolymer nanoscaffolds has received great attention in tissue engineering to support differentiation and functional tissue organization toward effective tissue regeneration. The objective of the current study was to develop functional and bioactive scaffolds by combining polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) for cardiomyocyte differentiation of human Ad-MSC (hAd-MSCs) in the absence or presence of 5-azacytidine and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). To that end, the human MSCs were extracted from human adipose tissue (AD). The cardiomyocyte differentiation potency of hAd-MSCs was evaluated on the novel synthetic PCL/PLA nanofiber scaffolds prepared in the absence and presence of 5-azacytidine and TGF-β supplements. A PCL/PLA nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated using the electrospinning method and its nanotopography and porous structure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the attachment of hAd-MSCs on the PCL/PLA scaffolds was semiquantitatively investigated. Compared with other treatments, the PCL/PLA nanofibrous scaffold supplemented with both 5-azacytidine and TGF-β was observed to differentiate hAd-MSCs into cardiomyocytes at Day 21 as evidenced by real-time PCR for cardiac-specific genes including cardiac troponin I (cTnI), GATA4, MYH7, and NKX2.5. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of cTnI-positive cells demonstrated that the cardiomyocyte differentiation of hAd-MSCs was more efficient on the PCL/PLA nanofibrous scaffold supplemented with both 5-azacytidine and TGF-β than it was in the other treatment groups. Generally speaking, the results show that PCL/PLA nanofibrous scaffolds may be applied as a platform for efficient differentiation of hAd-MSCs into functional cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Tambrchi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza DaliriJoupari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Decellularization of Full Heart—Optimizing the Classical Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate-Based Decellularization Protocol. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040147. [PMID: 35447709 PMCID: PMC9032179 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to cell therapy, where cells are injected into a defect region, the treatment of heart infarction with cells seeded in a vascularized scaffold bears advantages, such as an immediate nutrient supply or a controllable and persistent localization of cells. For this purpose, decellularized native tissues are a preferable choice as they provide an in vivo-like microenvironment. However, the quality of such scaffolds strongly depends on the decellularization process. Therefore, two protocols based on sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium deoxycholate were tailored and optimized for the decellularization of a porcine heart. The obtained scaffolds were tested for their applicability to generate vascularized cardiac patches. Decellularization with sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be more suitable and resulted in scaffolds with a low amount of DNA, a highly preserved extracellular matrix composition, and structure shown by GAG quantification and immunohistochemistry. After seeding human endothelial cells into the vasculature, a coagulation assay demonstrated the functionality of the endothelial cells to minimize the clotting of blood. Human-induced pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes in co-culture with fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells transferred the scaffold into a vascularized cardiac patch spontaneously contracting with a frequency of 25.61 ± 5.99 beats/min for over 16 weeks. The customized decellularization protocol based on sodium dodecyl sulfate renders a step towards a preclinical evaluation of the scaffolds.
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Damianos A, Xu K, Kalin GT, Kalinichenko VV. Placental tissue stem cells and their role in neonatal diseases. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101322. [PMID: 34953760 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal diseases such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, diseases of prematurity and congenital disorders carry increased morbidity and mortality. Despite technological advancements, their incidence remains largely unabated. Stem cell (SC) interventions are novel therapies in the neonatal world. In pre-clinical models of neonatal diseases, SC applications have shown encouraging results. SC sources vary, with the bone marrow being the most utilized. However, the ability to harvest bone marrow SCs from neonates is limited. Placental-tissue derived SCs (PTSCs), provide an alternative and highly attractive source. Human placentas, the cornerstone of fetal survival, are abundant with such cells. Comparing to adult pools, PTSCs exhibit increased potency, decreased immunogenicity and stronger anti-inflammatory effects. Several types of PTSCs have been identified, with mesenchymal stem cells being the most utilized population. This review will focus on PTSCs and their pre-clinical and clinical applications in neonatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Damianos
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kui Xu
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory T Kalin
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Genome-wide methylome pattern predictive network analysis reveal mesenchymal stem cell's propensity to undergo cardiovascular lineage. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:12. [PMID: 34966635 PMCID: PMC8660944 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation toward cardiovascular lineage prediction using the global methylome profile will highlight its prospective utility in regenerative medicine. We examined the propensity prediction to cardiovascular lineage using 5-Aza, a well-known cardiac lineage inducer. The customized 180 K microarray was performed and further analysis of global differentially methylated regions by Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) in both MSCs and 5-AC-treated MSCs. The cluster enrichment tools sorted differentially enriched genes and further annotated to construct the interactive networks. Prediction analysis revealed pathways pertaining to the cardiovascular lineage found active in the native MSCs, suggesting its higher propensity to undergo cardiac, smooth muscle cell, and endothelial lineages in vitro. Interestingly, gene interaction network also proposed majorly stemness gene network NANOG and KLF6, cardiac-specific transcription factors GATA4, NKX2.5, and TBX5 were upregulated in the native MSCs. Furthermore, the expression of cardiovascular lineage specific markers such as Brachury, CD105, CD90, CD31, KDR and various forms of ACTIN (cardiac, sarcomeric, smooth muscle) were validated in native MSCs using real time PCR and immunostaining and blotting analysis. In 5-AC-treated MSCs, mosaic interactive networks were observed to persuade towards osteogenesis and cardiac lineage, indicating that 5-AC treatment resulted in nonspecific lineage induction in MSCs, while MSCs by default have a higher propensity to undergo cardiovascular lineage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03058-2.
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Soltani L, Mahdavi AH. Role of Signaling Pathways during Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cardiology 2021; 147:216-224. [PMID: 34864735 DOI: 10.1159/000521313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent a promising source to be used by regenerative medicine. They are capable of performing myogenic, chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Also, MSCs are characterized by the expression of multiple surface antigens, but none of them appears to be particularly expressed on MSCs. Moreover, the prospect of monitoring and controlling MSC differentiation is a scientifically crucial regulatory and clinical requirement. Different transcription factors and signaling pathways are involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Due to the paucity of studies exclusively focused on cardiomyocyte differentiation of MSCs, present study aims at describing the roles of various signaling pathways (FGF, TGF, Wnt, Notch, etc.) in cardiomyocytes differentiation of MSCs. Understanding the signaling pathways that control the commitment and differentiation of cardiomyocyte cells not only will expand our basic understanding of molecular mechanisms of heart development, but also will enable us to develop therapeutic means of intervention in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Preconditioning the rat heart with 5-azacytidine attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial K ATP signaling axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22911. [PMID: 34462995 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Azacytidine is well known for its clinical usage in cancer treatments. The present study investigates the role of 5-azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent to ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The cardioprotective effect of 5-azacytidine was evaluated in three experimental models: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The cardioprotective effect was evaluated via cell viability, hemodynamic indices, infarct size measurement, and assessment of histopathology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. The experiments were repeated in the presence of PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial KATP (mtKATP ) cardioprotective signaling pathway inhibitors to understand the underlying mechanism. 5-Azacytidine improved the cell viability by 29% in I/R-challenged H9C2 cells. Both isolated rat heart and LAD ligation model confirmed the infarct sparing effect of 5-azacytidine against I/R. It also provided a beneficial effect by normalizing the altered hemodynamics, reducing the infarct size and cardiac injury markers, reversing the perturbation of mitochondria, reduced oxidative stress, and improved the pPI3K and pAKT protein expression from I/R. In addition, it also augmented the activation of PI3K/AKT and mtKATP signaling pathway, confirmed by using wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), SB216763 (GSK3β inhibitor), and glibenclamide (mtKATP channel closer). The effectiveness of 5-azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent is attributed to its activation of the PI3K/GSK3β and mtKATP channel signaling axis, thereby preserving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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Kim YJ, Tamadon A, Kim YY, Kang BC, Ku SY. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8599. [PMID: 34445302 PMCID: PMC8395249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the intent to achieve the best modalities for myocardial cell therapy, different cell types are being evaluated as potent sources for differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have great potential for future progress in the treatment of myocardial diseases. We reviewed aspects of epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in the differentiation of these cells into cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes proliferate during fetal life, and after birth, they undergo permanent terminal differentiation. Upregulation of cardiac-specific genes in adults induces hypertrophy due to terminal differentiation. The repression or expression of these genes is controlled by chromatin structural and epigenetic changes. However, few studies have reviewed and analyzed the epigenetic aspects of the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac lineage cells. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells through histone modification and microRNAs, the maintenance of pluripotency, and its alteration during cardiac lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Marine Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 14174, Iran;
| | - Yoon-Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Chen X, Wang F, Huang Z, Wu Y, Geng J, Wang Y. Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for pulmonary diseases: An Update and Concise Review. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2849-2870. [PMID: 34220313 PMCID: PMC8241779 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For many disease conditions, no effective and curative treatment options are available. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is one of the cutting-edge topics in medical research today. It offers a novel and promising therapeutic option for various acute and chronic lung diseases due to its potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities, bacterial clearance, tissue regeneration, and proangiogenic and antifibrotic properties, which rely on both cell-to-cell contact and paracrine mechanisms. This review covers the sources and therapeutic potential of MSCs. In particular, a total of 110 MSC-based clinical applications, either completed clinical trials with safety and early efficacy results reported or ongoing worldwide clinical trials of pulmonary diseases, are systematically summarized following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including acute/viral pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and lung cancer. The results of recent clinical studies suggest that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials and evaluation of long-term effects are necessary in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Unicell Life Science Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
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Sharma V, Dash SK, Manhas A, Radhakrishnan J, Jagavelu K, Verma RS. Injectable hydrogel for co-delivery of 5-azacytidine in zein protein nanoparticles with stem cells for cardiac function restoration. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120673. [PMID: 33964338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is major cause of mortality associated with mostly Myocardial infarction (MI). Transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have exhibited potential role in myocardial regeneration. Secretion of immune-modulatory cytokines and various growth factors after transplantation plays significant role in remodelling process of MI region. However, low retention, higher shear stress during administration and rejection at host infarct environment hinders therapeutic efficacy. Myocardial regeneration demands for accurate spatio-temporal delivery of MSCs with supportive vascular network that leads to improvement of cardiac function. In this study, injectable alginate based microporous hydrogel has been used to deliver 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) in zein protein nanoparticle with MSCs for attenuating adverse cardiac remodelling after MI. Zein nanoparticles loaded with 5-Aza were prepared by liquid-liquid dispersion, and it was found that 35% of drug was released in 7 days supported with mathematical modelling. The presence of 5-Aza and zein in developed hydrogel supported in vitro MSC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Significant increased expression of cardiac specific markers, GATA4, MEF2C, MLC, SERCA and NKX2.5 was observed in vitro. 5-Aza loaded protein nanoparticle with MSCs encapsulated hydrogels in rat MI model also exhibited substantial improvement of functional cardiac parameters such as cardiac output and ejection fraction. Histopathological analysis showed reduced fibrosis, attenuated infarct expansion and cardiac tissue restoration and angiogenesis. In brief, we developed nanocarrier-hydrogel system a promising strategy for co-delivering 5-Aza as cardiac differentiation cue with MSCs to achieve higher cell retention and enhanced improvement in myocardial regeneration after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Heat Transfer and Thermal Power, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Amit Manhas
- PCS-202, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Janani Radhakrishnan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- PCS-202, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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Cardiac Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Impact of Biological and Chemical Inducers. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1343-1361. [PMID: 33864233 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of global death, widely occurs due to irreparable loss of the functional cardiomyocytes. Stem cell-based therapeutic approaches, particularly the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is an emerging strategy to regenerate myocardium and thereby improving the cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Most of the current approaches often employ the use of various biological and chemical factors as cues to trigger and modulate the differentiation of MSCs into the cardiac lineage. However, the recent advanced methods of using specific epigenetic modifiers and exosomes to manipulate the epigenome and molecular pathways of MSCs to modify the cardiac gene expression yield better profiled cardiomyocyte like cells in vitro. Hitherto, the role of cardiac specific inducers triggering cardiac differentiation at the cellular and molecular level is not well understood. Therefore, the current review highlights the impact and recent trends in employing biological and chemical inducers on cardiac differentiation of MSCs. Thereby, deciphering the interactions between the cellular microenvironment and the cardiac inducers will help us to understand cardiomyogenesis of MSCs. Additionally, the review also provides an insight on skeptical roles of the cell free biological factors and extracellular scaffold assisted mode for manipulation of native and transplanted stem cells towards translational cardiac research.
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Kadekar S, Barbe L, Stoddart M, Varghese OP, Tenje M, Mestres G. Effect of the Addition Frequency of 5-Azacytidine in Both Micro- and Macroscale Cultures. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:121-130. [PMID: 33633814 PMCID: PMC7878657 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have a great clinical potential for tissue regeneration purposes due to its multilineage capability. Previous studies have reported that a single addition of 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) causes the differentiation of hMSCs towards a myocardial lineage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of 5-AzaC addition frequency on hMSCs priming (i.e., indicating an early genetic differentiation) using two culture environments. METHODS hMSCs were supplemented with 5-AzaC while cultured in well plates and in microfluidic chips. The impact of 5-AzaC concentration (10 and 20 μM) and addition frequency (once, daily or continuously), as well as of culture period (2 or 5 days) on the genetic upregulation of PPARγ (adipocytes), PAX3 (myoblasts), SOX9 (chondrocytes) and RUNX2 (osteoblasts) was evaluated. RESULTS Daily delivering 5-AzaC caused a higher upregulation of PPARγ, SOX9 and RUNX2 in comparison to a single dose delivery, both under static well plates and dynamic microfluidic cultures. A particularly high gene expression of PPARγ (tenfold-change) could indicate priming of hMSCs towards adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Both macro- and microscale cultures provided results with similar trends, where addition frequency of 5-AzaC was a crucial factor to upregulate several genes. Microfluidics technology was proven to be a suitable platform for the continuous delivery of a drug and could be used for screening purposes in tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kadekar
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laurent Barbe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Oommen P. Varghese
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Tenje
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gemma Mestres
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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5-Azacytidine pretreatment confers transient upregulation of proliferation and stemness in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cells Dev 2021; 165:203659. [PMID: 34024336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful outcomes of cell-based therapeutic is highly-dependent on quality and quantity of the cells. Epigenetic modifiers are known to modulate cell fates via reprogramming, hence it is plausible to use them in enhancing the plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaCR), an epigenetic modifier, pretreatment on mesenchymal stem cells-derived from Wharton's Jelly (WJMSCs) fates. WJMSCs were pretreated with 5-AzaCR for 24 h and subsequently cultured in culture media mixtures. The proliferative and stemness characteristics of the pretreated WJMSCs were assessed through morphological and gene expression analyses. Results showed that cells pretreated with 5 μM to 20 μM of 5-AzaCR showed to acquire higher proliferative state transiently when cultured in embryonic-mesenchymal stem cell (ESC-MSC) media, but not in MSC medium alone, and this coincides with significant transitional upregulation of stemness transcription factors. 5-AzaCR pretreatment has potential to confer initial induction of higher state of stemness and proliferation in WJMSCs, influenced by the culture media.
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Abou-ElNaga A, El-Chennawi F, Ibrahim Kamel S, Mutawa G. The Potentiality of Human Umbilical Cord Isolated Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Cardiomyocyte Generation. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 13:91-101. [PMID: 33204112 PMCID: PMC7667202 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s253108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background The new therapeutic strategy of managing cardiac diseases is based on cell therapy; it highly suggests the use of multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs widely used in researches are known to be isolated from bone marrow. However, this research seeks to use a human umbilical cord (HUC) as an alternative source of MSCs. Since HUC Wharton's jelly (WJ)-isolated MSCs originate as fetal tissue they are highly preferable for their potential advantages over other adult tissues. Methods The researchers used enzymatic digestion to establish a primary HUC-WJ-isolated MSC line. Then, flow cytometry was used to characterize MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) markers' expression. In addition, the cardiac differentiation capacity of HUC-WJ-isolated MSCs in vitro was investigated by two protocols. Protocol-1 necessitates the dependence on merely 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), whereas in protocol-2, 5-Aza was supported by basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF). The comparative study between the two protocols was applied by inspecting the ultrastructure of differentiated cells, measuring RT-PCR mRNA cardiac markers and the quantitative detection of cardiac proteins. Results HUC-WJ isolated MSCs were expressed by CD90+ve, CD105+ve, CD106+ve, CD45-ve, and CD146-ve. Remarkable TNNT1, NKX2.5, and Desmin mRNA expression and higher quantitative LDH and cTnI were detected by applying protocol-2. This same protocol-2 induced cardiac morphological features that were revealed by identifying cardiomyocyte-like cells and typical sarcomeres. Conclusion HUC-WJ is proved to be an ethical and effective source of MSCs induced cardiac differentiation, whereas BFGF supports 5-Aza in MSCs-cardiomyocytes differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amoura Abou-ElNaga
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Farha El-Chennawi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar Ibrahim Kamel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada Mutawa
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University in Egypt (HUE), New Damietta 34518, Egypt
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He L, Chen X. Cardiomyocyte Induction and Regeneration for Myocardial Infarction Treatment: Cell Sources and Administration Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001175. [PMID: 33000909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occlusion of coronary artery and subsequent damage or death of myocardium can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) and even heart failure-one of the leading causes of deaths world wide. Notably, myocardium has extremely limited regeneration potential due to the loss or death of cardiomyocytes (i.e., the cells of which the myocardium is comprised) upon MI. A variety of stem cells and stem cell-derived cardiovascular cells, in situ cardiac fibroblasts and endogenous proliferative epicardium, have been exploited to provide renewable cellular sources to treat injured myocardium. Also, different strategies, including direct injection of cell suspensions, bioactive molecules, or cell-incorporated biomaterials, and implantation of artificial cardiac scaffolds (e.g., cell sheets and cardiac patches), have been developed to deliver renewable cells and/or bioactive molecules to the MI site for the myocardium regeneration. This article briefly surveys cell sources and delivery strategies, along with biomaterials and their processing techniques, developed for MI treatment. Key issues and challenges, as well as recommendations for future research, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N5A9 Canada
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Xing W, Li T, Wang Y, Qiang Y, Ai C, Tang H. MiR-33a-5p targets NOMO1 to modulate human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation and apoptosis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:476-487. [PMID: 33054489 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1825492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA (miRNA) is known to be involved in the pathological process of congenital heart disease (CHD), and nodal modulator1 (NOMO1) is a critical determinant of heart formation. The present study aims to discover the effect of miR-33a-5p and NOMO1 on CHD. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expressions of miR-33a-5p mimic or inhibitor and overexpressed NOMO1 plasmid orNOMO1 knockdown. Human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (hCMPCs) proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) at 24, 48 and 72 h. Flow cytometry was applied to investigate hCMPCs cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Expressions of cell apoptotic proteins Bax, Cleaved(C) caspase-3 and Bcl-2, and expressions of cardiomyocyte differentiation markers GATA4, troponin T (cTnT) and myocyte enhancer factor2C (MEF2C) in hCMPCs were identified by qRT-PCR and western blot. Target genes and potential binding sites of NOMO1 and miR-33a-5p were predicted with Targetscan 7.2, and was confirmed through dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Up-regulation of miR-33a-5p inhibited hCMPCs proliferation, cell cycle G0/S transition but promoted hCMPCs apoptosis, which was partially mitigated by overexpressed NOMO1. NOMO1 was the target gene of miR-33a-5p. Expressions of Bax and C caspase-3 were enhanced but expressions of Bcl-2, GATA4, cTnT and MEF2C were reduced by up-regulation of miR-33a-5p, which was partially mitigated by overexpressed NOMO1. CONCLUSION Up-regulation of miR-33a-5p inhibited hCMPCs proliferation, cell cycle G0/S transition and differentiation into cardiomyocytes but promoted apoptosis via targeting NOMO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xing
- Cardiovascular Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou City, China
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou City, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou City, China
| | - Yi Qiang
- Cardiovascular Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou City, China
| | - Chencheng Ai
- Cardiovascular Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou City, China
| | - Hanbo Tang
- Cardiovascular Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou City, China
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Markmee R, Aungsuchawan S, Tancharoen W, Narakornsak S, Pothacharoen P. Differentiation of cardiomyocyte-like cells from human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells by combined induction with human platelet lysate and 5-azacytidine. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04844. [PMID: 32995593 PMCID: PMC7502343 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAF-MSCs) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of many diseases. Platelet lysate (PL) contains multiple growth and differentiation factors; therefore, it can be used as a differentiation inducer. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the efficiency of human platelet lysate (hPL) on cell viability and the effects on cardiomyogenic differentiation of hAF-MSCs. When treating the cells with hPL, the result showed an increase in cell viability. Expressions of cardiomyogenic specific genes, including GATA4, cTnT, Cx43 and Nkx2.5, were higher in the combined treatment groups of 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and hPL than the expressions of cardiomyogenic specific genes in the control group and in the 5-aza treatment group. In terms of the results of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic staining, the highest expressions of cardiomyogenic specific proteins were revealed in combined treatment groups. It can be summarized that hPL may be an effective supporting cardiomyogenic supplementary factor for cardiomyogenic differentiation in hAF-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchana Markmee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinda Aungsuchawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Waleephan Tancharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suteera Narakornsak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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25
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Park JH, Lee NK, Lim HJ, Ji ST, Kim YJ, Jang WB, Kim DY, Kang S, Yun J, Ha JS, Kim H, Lee D, Baek SH, Kwon SM. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuates replicative cell senescence and improves cellular function via regulating the STAT3-PIM1 axis in human cardiac progenitor cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:615-628. [PMID: 32273566 PMCID: PMC7210934 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway efficiently regulates the energy state of cells and maintains tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has been implicated in several human diseases. Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of mTOR and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin promote cardiac cell generation from the differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. These studies strongly implicate a role of sustained mTOR activity in the differentiating functions of embryonic stem cells; however, they do not directly address the required effect for sustained mTOR activity in human cardiac progenitor cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on the cellular function of human cardiac progenitor cells and discovered that treatment with rapamycin markedly attenuated replicative cell senescence in human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) and promoted their cellular functions. Furthermore, rapamycin not only inhibited mTOR signaling but also influenced signaling pathways, including STAT3 and PIM1, in hCPCs. Therefore, these data reveal a crucial function for rapamycin in senescent hCPCs and provide clinical strategies based on chronic mTOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Na Kyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Lim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Ha
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HJ, Oh HJ, Park JS, Lee JS, Kim J, Park K. Direct Conversion of Human Dermal Fibroblasts into Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells Using CiCMC Nanogels Coupled with Cardiac Transcription Factors and a Nucleoside Drug. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901818. [PMID: 32274291 PMCID: PMC7141010 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using direct conversion technology, normal adult somatic cells can be routinely switched from their original cell type into specific differentiated cell types by inducing the expression of differentiation-related transcription factors. In this study, normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) are directly converted into cardiomyocyte-like cells by drug and gene delivery using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) nanoparticles (CiCMC-NPs). CMC-based multifunctional nanogels containing specific cardiomyocyte-related genes are designed and fabricated, including GATA4, MEF2C, and TBX5 (GMT). However, GMT alone is insufficient, at least in vitro, in human fibroblasts. Hence, to inhibit proliferation and to induce differentiation, 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) is conjugated to the hydroxyl group of CMC in CiCMC-NPs containing GMT; in addition, the CMC is coated with polyethylenimine. It is confirmed that the CiCMC-NPs have nanogel properties, and that they exhibit the characteristic effects of 5-AZA and GMT. When CiCMC-NPs-containing 5-AZA and GMT are introduced into NHDFs, cardiomyocyte differentiation is initiated. In the reprogrammed cells, the mature cardiac-specific markers cardiac troponin I and α-actinin are expressed at twofold to threefold higher levels than in NHDFs. Engineered cells transplanted into live hearts exhibit active pumping ability within 1 day. Histology and immunohistology of heart tissue confirm the presence of transplanted engineered NHDF cells at injection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Nano‐Regenerative Medical EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Life ScienceCHA University618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong, Bundang‐guSeongnam‐si13488Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jyung Oh
- Nano‐Regenerative Medical EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Life ScienceCHA University618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong, Bundang‐guSeongnam‐si13488Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Nano‐Regenerative Medical EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Life ScienceCHA University618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong, Bundang‐guSeongnam‐si13488Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Nano‐Regenerative Medical EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Life ScienceCHA University618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong, Bundang‐guSeongnam‐si13488Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hwan Kim
- Molecular GeneticsDepartment of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Life ScienceCHA University605, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong, Bundang‐guSeongnam‐si13488Republic of Korea
| | - Keun‐Hong Park
- Nano‐Regenerative Medical EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Life ScienceCHA University618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong, Bundang‐guSeongnam‐si13488Republic of Korea
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27
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Heidel JS, Fischer AG, Tang XL, Sadri G, Wu WJ, Moisa CR, Stowers H, Sandella N, Wysoczynski M, Uchida S, Moore IV JB. The Effect of Cardiogenic Factors on Cardiac Mesenchymal Cell Anti-Fibrogenic Paracrine Signaling and Therapeutic Performance. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1514-1530. [PMID: 32042319 PMCID: PMC6993223 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiogenic factor expression, a proxy for cardiomyogenic lineage commitment, may be an important determinant of donor cell cardiac reparative capacity in cell therapy applications; however, whether and how this contributes to their salutary effects remain largely ambiguous. Methods: The current study examined the consequences of enhanced cardiogenic factor expression, via lentiviral delivery of GMT (GATA4, MEF2C, and TBX5), on cardiac mesenchymal cell (CMC) anti-fibrogenic paracrine signaling dynamics, in vitro, and cardiac reparative capacity, in vivo. Proteome cytokine array analyses and in vitro cardiac fibroblast activation assays were performed using conditioned medium derived from either GMT- or GFP control-transduced CMCs, to respectively assess cardiotrophic factor secretion and anti-fibrogenic paracrine signaling aptitude. Results: Relative to GFP controls, GMT CMCs exhibited enhanced secretion of cytokines implicated to function in pathways associated with matrix remodeling and collagen catabolism, and more ably impeded activated cardiac fibroblast Col1A1 synthesis in vitro. Following their delivery in a rat model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, conventional echocardiography was unable to detect a therapeutic advantage with either CMC population; however, hemodynamic analyses identified a modest, yet calculable supplemental benefit in surrogate measures of global left ventricular contractility with GMT CMCs relative to GFP controls. This phenomenon was neither associated with a decrease in infarct size nor an increase in viable myocardium, but with only a marginal decrease in regional myocardial collagen deposition. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that CMC cardiomyogenic lineage commitment biases cardiac repair and, further, that enhanced anti-fibrogenic paracrine signaling potency may underlie, in part, their improved therapeutic utility.
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28
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Sharaf Eldin HEM, Ibrahim MAA, Mousa AMI, Metwaly HG, Abo-Hassan NFE. Cardiogenic Differentiation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by 5-Azacytidine: A Follow-up In vitro Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:185-193. [PMID: 31803573 PMCID: PMC6880314 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_17_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cell-based therapy is a promising tool in the management of myocardial infarction. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to examine the in vitro potential differentiation of murine bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells into cardiomyocytes using 5-azacytidine after 1, 3, and 5 weeks and follow it up after 8 weeks. Materials and Methods: BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were extracted from the bones of adult albino rats. MSCs were induced with 10 μM 5-azacytidine for 24 h. The cells were examined after 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks. Cell characterization with immunocytochemistry for detection of CD105, desmin, and T-troponin and transmission electron microscopy was performed. Results: The 5-azacytidine-induced MSCs showed light and electron microscopic histological characteristics resembling cardiomyocytes and progressively expressed the cardiac muscle-specific markers over the 1st, 3rd, and 5th weeks, yet by the 8th week, these parameters were significantly downregulated. Conclusion: Prolonged survival of 5-azacytidine-induced MSCs in culture beyond the 8th week resulted in loss of the newly acquired cardiomyocyte characteristics. It is not recommended to prolong the maintenance of 5-azacytidine-induced MSCs in culture on the hope of increasing its cardiogenic potentiality beyond 5 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E M Sharaf Eldin
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Ibrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amany M I Mousa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hala G Metwaly
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia F E Abo-Hassan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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29
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Das Ghosh L, Hasan J, Jain A, Sundaresan NR, Chatterjee K. A nanopillar array on black titanium prepared by reactive ion etching augments cardiomyogenic commitment of stem cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20766-20776. [PMID: 31651003 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A major impediment in the clinical translation of stem cell therapy has been the inability to efficiently and reproducibly direct differentiation of a large population of stem cells. Thus, we aimed to engineer a substrate for culturing stem cells to efficiently induce cardiomyogenic lineage commitment. In this work, we present a nanopillar array on the surface of titanium that was prepared by mask-less reactive ion etching. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface was covered by vertically aligned nanopillars each of ≈1 μm with a diameter of ≈80 nm. The nanopillars supported the attachment and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cardiomyogenic lineage commitment of the stem cells was more enhanced on the nanopillars than on the smooth surface. When co-cultured with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the cyclic pattern of calcium transport observed distinctly in cells differentiated on the arrays compared to the cells cultured on the smooth surface was the functional validation of differentiation. The use of small molecule inhibitors revealed that integrins namely, α2β1 and αvβ3, are essential for cardiomyogenesis on the nanostructured surface, which is further mediated by FAK, Erk and Akt cell signaling pathways. This study demonstrates that the nanopillar array efficiently promotes the cardiomyogenic lineage commitment of stem cells via integrin-mediated signaling and can potentially serve as a platform for the ex vivo differentiation of stem cells toward cell therapy in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Das Ghosh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Jafar Hasan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Aditi Jain
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. and Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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André E, De Pauw A, Verdoy R, Brusa D, Bouzin C, Timmermans A, Bertrand L, Balligand JL. Changes of Metabolic Phenotype of Cardiac Progenitor Cells During Differentiation: Neutral Effect of Stimulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1498-1513. [PMID: 31530214 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in the adult mammalian heart, as well as exogenous CPCs injected at the border zone of infarcted tissue, display very low differentiation rate into cardiac myocytes and marginal repair capacity in the injured heart. Emerging evidence supports an obligatory metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during stem cells differentiation, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of metabolism may improve CPC differentiation and, potentially, healing properties. In this study, we investigated the metabolic transition underlying CPC differentiation toward cardiac myocytes. In addition, we tested whether activators of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in other cell types would also improve CPC differentiation. Stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1+) CPCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and their phenotype compared with more mature neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs). Under normoxia, glucose consumption and lactate release were significantly higher in CPCs than in NRCMs. Both parameters were increased in hypoxia together with increased abundance of Glut1 (glucose transporter), of the monocarboxylic transporter Mct4 (lactate efflux mediator) and of Pfkfb3 (key regulator of glycolytic rate). CPC proliferation was critically dependent on glucose and glutamine availability in the media. Oxygen consumption analysis indicates that, compared with NRCMs, CPCs exhibited lower basal and maximal respirations with lower Tomm20 protein expression and mitochondrial DNA content. This CPC metabolic phenotype profoundly changed upon in vitro differentiation, with a decrease of glucose consumption and lactate release together with increased abundance of Tnnt2, Pgc-1α, Tomm20, and mitochondrial DNA content. Proliferative CPCs express both alpha1 and -2 catalytic subunits of AMPK that is activated by A769662. However, A769662 or resveratrol (an activator of Pgc-1α and AMPK) did not promote either mitochondrial biogenesis or CPC maturation during their differentiation. We conclude that although CPC differentiation is accompanied with an increase of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, this is not potentiated by activation of AMPK in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie André
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélia De Pauw
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Verdoy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- I2P Imaging Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Timmermans
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Govarthanan K, Gupta PK, Ramasamy D, Kumar P, Mahadevan S, Verma RS. DNA methylation microarray uncovers a permissive methylome for cardiomyocyte differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Genomics 2019; 112:1384-1395. [PMID: 31415810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro has been reported widely although contradictions remain regarding the maturation of differentiated MSCs into fully functioning CMs. Studies suggest that use of epigenetic modifiers like 5'Azacytidine (5-AC) in MSCs de-methylates DNA and results in expression of cardiac-specific genes (CSGs). However, only partial expression of the CSG set leads to incomplete differentiation of WJ-MSCs to CMs. We used the Agilent 180 K human DNA methylation microarray on WJ-MSCs, 5-AC treated WJ-MSCs and human cardiac tissue (hCT) to analyze differential DNA methylation profiles which were then validated by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). BSP confirmed that only a limited number of CSGs were de-methylated by 5-AC in WJ-MSCs. It also revealed that hCT displays a methylation profile similar to promoter regions of CSG in untreated WJ-MSCs. Thus, the presence of hypo-methylated CSGs indicates that WJ-MSCs are ideal cell types for cardiomyogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Govarthanan
- Stem cells and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Stem cells and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Deepa Ramasamy
- Stem cells and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shobana Mahadevan
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Royapettah, Chennai 60014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem cells and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India.
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Markmee R, Aungsuchawan S, Pothacharoen P, Tancharoen W, Narakornsak S, Laowanitwattana T, Bumroongkit K, Puaninta C, Pangjaidee N. Effect of ascorbic acid on differentiation of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02018. [PMID: 31360783 PMCID: PMC6639694 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ascorbic acid (AA) on cell viability, cytotoxicity and the effects on cardiomyogenic differentiation of the human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAF-MSCs). The results of methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell apoptosis assay indicated that after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment, AA had no effect on cells viability and cytotoxicity. After treating the hAF-MSCs with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and a combination of AA and 5-aza, the alamar blue cells proliferation assay showed the normal growth characteristic similar to control group. Especially, the morphological changes were observed between day 0 and day 21, and it was revealed that the hAF-MSCs exhibited myotube-like morphology after 7 days of cell culturing. Moreover, the treatment with a combination of AA and 5-aza was able to up-regulate the cardiomyogenic specific gene levels, which are known to play an important role in cardiomyogenesis. This was specifically notable with the results of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic staining in the AA combined with 5-aza treatment group, the highest expression of cardiomyogenic specific proteins was revealed including for GATA4, cTnT, Cx43 and Nkx2.5. It could be concluded that AA may be a good alternative cardiomyogenic inducing factor for hAF-MSCs and may open new insights into future biomedical applications for a clinically treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchana Markmee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinda Aungsuchawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Waleephan Tancharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suteera Narakornsak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Kanokkan Bumroongkit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaniporn Puaninta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nathaporn Pangjaidee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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The Role of CDR1as in Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2316834. [PMID: 31281369 PMCID: PMC6594288 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2316834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord (hucMSCs) are considered a promising tool for regenerative medicine. circRNAs as newly discovered noncoding RNAs are involved in multiple biological processes. However, little has been known about the function of circRNAs in the proliferation and differentiation of hucMSCs. In this study, we selected several circRNAs expressed in MSCs from circBase and found that CDR1as expression level was markedly significant. We observed that, compared with that of uninduced hucMSCs, the CDR1as expression level of induced hucMSCs decreased with cell induction differentiation. By using siRNA to knock down CDR1as of hucMSCs, we discovered that proliferation was inhibited but the apoptosis increased. In addition, we found that the expression of stemness transcription factors (STFs) was downregulated after CDR1as knockdown and the adipogenesis and osteogenesis potential of hucMSCs was impaired. Our findings suggest that CDR1as takes a part in maintaining proliferation and differentiation of hucMSCs, providing clues for MSC modification and further for stem cell therapy and tissue regeneration.
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Breuls N, Giacomazzi G, Sampaolesi M. (Epi)genetic Modifications in Myogenic Stem Cells: From Novel Insights to Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050429. [PMID: 31075875 PMCID: PMC6562881 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is considered to be an ideal target for stem cell therapy as it has an inherent regenerative capacity. Upon injury, the satellite cells, muscle stem cells that reside under the basal lamina of the myofibres, start to differentiate in order to reconstitute the myofibres while maintaining the initial stem cell pool. In recent years, it has become more and more evident that epigenetic mechanisms such as histon modifications, DNA methylations and microRNA modulations play a pivatol role in this differentiation process. By understanding the mechanisms behind myogenesis, researchers are able to use this knowledge to enhance the differentiation and engraftment potential of different muscle stem cells. Besides manipulation on an epigenetic level, recent advances in the field of genome-engineering allow site-specific modifications in the genome of these stem cells. Combining epigenetic control of the stem cell fate with the ability to site-specifically correct mutations or add genes for further cell control, can increase the use of stem cells as treatment of muscular dystrophies drastically. In this review, we will discuss the advances that have been made in genome-engineering and the epigenetic regulation of muscle stem cells and how this knowledge can help to get stem cell therapy to its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Breuls
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Giorgia Giacomazzi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Malandraki-Miller S, Lopez CA, Alonaizan R, Purnama U, Perbellini F, Pakzad K, Carr CA. Metabolic flux analyses to assess the differentiation of adult cardiac progenitors after fatty acid supplementation. Stem Cell Res 2019; 38:101458. [PMID: 31102832 PMCID: PMC6618003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the most prevalent of cardiovascular diseases and pharmacological interventions do not lead to restoration of the lost cardiomyocytes. Despite extensive stem cell therapy studies, clinical trials using cardiac progenitor cells have shown moderate results. Furthermore, differentiation of endogenous progenitors to mature cardiomyocytes is rarely reported. A metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation occurs during cardiac development and cardiomyocyte maturation, however in vitro differentiation protocols do not consider the lack of fatty acids in cell culture media. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this metabolic switch on control and differentiated adult cardiac progenitors, by fatty acid supplementation. Addition of oleic acid stimulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway and led to maturation of the cardiac progenitors, both before and after transforming growth factor-beta 1 differentiation. Addition of oleic acid following differentiation increased expression of myosin heavy chain 7 and connexin 43. Also, total glycolytic metabolism increased, as did mitochondrial membrane potential and glucose and fatty acid transporter expression. This work provides new insights into the importance of fatty acids, and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, in cardiac progenitor differentiation. Harnessing the oxidative metabolic switch induced maturation of differentiated endogenous stem cells. (200 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Malandraki-Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics,Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Colleen A Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics,Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rita Alonaizan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics,Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics,Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Kathy Pakzad
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics,Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics,Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Stone H, Lin S, Mequanint K. Preparation and characterization of electrospun rGO-poly(ester amide) conductive scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:324-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yin S, Ji C, Wu P, Jin C, Qian H. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes: bioactive ways of tissue injury repair. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1230-1240. [PMID: 30972158 PMCID: PMC6456565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be recruited to damaged tissues directly for regeneration. Exosomes, acting as an important ingredient of MSCs-involved intercellular communication through paracrine actions, also play significant roles in tissue damage repair and have a prospect of potential clinical application. It is generally recognized that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) enhance tissue regeneration and repair through reducing inflammatory responses, promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and facilitating angiogenesis. This review summarizes the positive effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) and hucMSC-derived exosomes (hucMSC-exosomes) on tissue damage and the specific mechanisms of repair action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yin
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Jin
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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38
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Continuous zebularine treatment enhances hepatic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells under liver-specific factors induction in vitro. Life Sci 2018; 215:57-63. [PMID: 30473025 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of zebularine, a stable inhibitor of DNA methylation, on hepatic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) under liver-specific factors induction in vitro. MAIN METHODS BM-MSCs were isolated from the mononuclear cell fraction of rabbit bone marrow samples. The identification of these cells was carried out by immunophenotype analysis. The three hepatic differentiation protocols of BM-MSCs were as follows: liver-specific factors (hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor) without zebularine, liver-specific factors combined with a 24 h zebularine pre-treatment, and liver-specific factors combined with continuous zebularine treatment. BM-MSCs cultured in basic medium without the differentiation stimuli were set as the control. Morphological features, liver-specific gene and protein expression, and functional analyses were assessed to evaluate hepatic differentiation of BM-MSCs. Global DNA methylation status was tested for investigating the underlying mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Flow cytometry immunophenotyping proved the isolated cells with plastic adherence and a spindle shape were CD29, CD90 positive and CD34, CD45 negative. Albumin (ALB) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) messenger RNA and protein expression, glycogen storage and urea production were significantly higher in the continuous zebularine-treated group than the other groups while the differences between the zebularine-untreated group and 24 h zebularine pre-treated group were not significant. Meanwhile, significant decrease of global DNA methylation was observed in the continuous zebularine-treated group. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that continuous zebularine treatment can improve hepatic differentiation of BM-MSCs under liver-specific factors induction in vitro, and the decrease of global DNA methylation maybe involved in this process.
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Moore JB, Tang XL, Zhao J, Fischer AG, Wu WJ, Uchida S, Gumpert AM, Stowers H, Wysoczynski M, Bolli R. Epigenetically modified cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells limit myocardial fibrosis and promote functional recovery in a model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 114:3. [PMID: 30446837 PMCID: PMC6335654 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical investigations support the concept that donor cells more oriented towards a cardiovascular phenotype favor repair. In light of this philosophy, we previously identified HDAC1 as a mediator of cardiac mesenchymal cell (CMC) cardiomyogenic lineage commitment and paracrine signaling potency in vitro-suggesting HDAC1 as a potential therapeutically exploitable target to enhance CMC cardiac reparative capacity. In the current study, we examined the effects of pharmacologic HDAC1 inhibition, using the benzamide class 1 isoform-selective HDAC inhibitor entinostat (MS-275), on CMC cardiomyogenic lineage commitment and CMC-mediated myocardial repair in vivo. Human CMCs pre-treated with entinostat or DMSO diluent control were delivered intramyocardially in an athymic nude rat model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy 30 days after a reperfused myocardial infarction. Indices of cardiac function were assessed by echocardiography and left ventricular (LV) Millar conductance catheterization 35 days after treatment. Compared with naïve CMCs, entinostat-treated CMCs exhibited heightened capacity for myocyte-like differentiation in vitro and superior ability to attenuate LV remodeling and systolic dysfunction in vivo. The improvement in CMC therapeutic efficacy observed with entinostat pre-treatment was not associated with enhanced donor cell engraftment, cardiomyogenesis, or vasculogenesis, but instead with more efficient inhibition of myocardial fibrosis and greater increase in myocyte size. These results suggest that HDAC inhibition enhances the reparative capacity of CMCs, likely via a paracrine mechanism that improves ventricular compliance and contraction and augments myocyte growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - John Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Annalara G Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Wen-Jian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anna M Gumpert
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Heather Stowers
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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Malandraki-Miller S, Lopez CA, Al-Siddiqi H, Carr CA. Changing Metabolism in Differentiating Cardiac Progenitor Cells-Can Stem Cells Become Metabolically Flexible Cardiomyocytes? Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:119. [PMID: 30283788 PMCID: PMC6157401 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a metabolic omnivore and the adult heart selects the substrate best suited for each circumstance, with fatty acid oxidation preferred in order to fulfill the high energy demand of the contracting myocardium. The fetal heart exists in an hypoxic environment and obtains the bulk of its energy via glycolysis. After birth, the "fetal switch" to oxidative metabolism of glucose and fatty acids has been linked to the loss of the regenerative phenotype. Various stem cell types have been used in differentiation studies, but most are cultured in high glucose media. This does not change in the majority of cardiac differentiation protocols. Despite the fact that metabolic state affects marker expression and cellular function and activity, the substrate composition is currently being overlooked. In this review we discuss changes in cardiac metabolism during development, the various protocols used to differentiate progenitor cells to cardiomyocytes, what is known about stem cell metabolism and how consideration of metabolism can contribute toward maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki K. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Therapy for Heart Failure ― What Is the Best Source? ―. Circ J 2018; 82:2222-2232. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kobayashi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London
| | - Ken Suzuki
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London
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Non-Ionizing Radiation for Cardiac Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Commitment: A Physical Strategy in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082324. [PMID: 30096780 PMCID: PMC6121454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is an innovative strategy for tissue repair, since adult stem cells could have limited regenerative ability as in the case of myocardial damage. This leads to a local contractile dysfunction due to scar formation. For these reasons, refining strategy approaches for “in vitro” stem cell commitment, preparatory to the “in vivo” stem cell differentiation, is imperative. In this work, we isolated and characterized at molecular and cellular level, human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hAMSCs) and exposed them to a physical Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) stimulus and to a chemical Nitric Oxide treatment. Physically exposed cells showed a decrease of cell proliferation and no change in metabolic activity, cell vitality and apoptotic rate. An increase in the mRNA expression of cardiac and angiogenic differentiation markers, confirmed at the translational level, was also highlighted in exposed cells. Our data, for the first time, provide evidence that physical ELF-EMF stimulus (7 Hz, 2.5 µT), similarly to the chemical treatment, is able to trigger hAMSC cardiac commitment. More importantly, we also observed that only the physical stimulus is able to induce both types of commitments contemporarily (cardiac and angiogenic), suggesting its potential use to obtain a better regenerative response in cell-therapy protocols.
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Khaksar M, Sayyari M, Rezaie J, Pouyafar A, Montazersaheb S, Rahbarghazi R. High glucose condition limited the angiogenic/cardiogenic capacity of murine cardiac progenitor cells in in vitro and in vivo milieu. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:346-356. [PMID: 30051492 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Murine c-kit+ cardiac cells were isolated and enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting technique. c-kit+ cells viability and colony-forming activity were evaluated by MTT and clonogenic assay. c-kit+ cells were exposed to endothelial, pericyte, and cardiomyocyte induction media containing 30mM glucose for 7 days. We monitored the level of endothelial (VE-cadherin, CD31, and vWF), pericyte (NG2 , α-SMA, and PDGFR-β), and cardiomyocyte markers (cTnT) using flow cytometry, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses. Ultrastructural changes were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cells treated with 5-Azacytidine and 30mM glucose. Matrigel plug assay was performed to determine the angio/cardiogenic property of c-kit+ cells in a diabetic mouse model. Glucose of 30mM decreased c-kit+ cells viability and clonogenicity (P < 0.05). The transdifferentiation capacity of c-kit+ cells into the endothelial lineage, pericytes, and cardiomyocytes were reduced through the inhibition of related genes (P < 0.05). TEM analysis revealed cardiomyocyte differentiation rate in c-kit+ cells coincided with an increased intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced number of mitochondria. Similar to in vitro condition, the angiogenic capacity of c-kit+ cells was aborted in vivo indicated by reduced NG2 , α-SMA, CD31, and vWF levels. High glucose condition reduces the angio/cardiogenic capacity of cardiac c-kit+ cells in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: High glucose condition seen in diabetes mellitus could affect the regenerative potential of cardiac tissue. The current experiment showed that the exposure of murine cardiac progenitor cells (CD117+ cells) to condition containing 30mM glucose could decrease the differentiation properties into endothelial cells, pericytes, and mature cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our finding confirmed that the angiogenic/cardiogenic potential cardiac progenitor cells decrease under treatment with high glucose content as seen in the diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khaksar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mansour Sayyari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayda Pouyafar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Elucidating molecular events underlying topography mediated cardiomyogenesis of stem cells on 3D nanofibrous scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 88:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Van Pham P, Nguyen HT, Vu NB. Evolution of Stem Cell Products in Medicine: Future of Off-the-Shelf Products. STEM CELL DRUGS - A NEW GENERATION OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99328-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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46
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Mundre RS, Koka P, Dhanaraj P, Khatri N, Vig S, Chandramohan Y, Dhanasekaran A. Synergistic role of 5-azacytidine and ascorbic acid in directing cardiosphere derived cells to cardiomyocytes in vitro by downregulating Wnt signaling pathway via phosphorylation of β-catenin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188805. [PMID: 29190771 PMCID: PMC5708695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiosphere derived cells (CDCs) represent a valuable source in stem cell based therapy for cardiovascular diseases, yet poor differentiation rate hinders the transplantation efficiency. The aim of this study is to check the ability of 5-Azacytidine (Aza) alone and in combination with ascorbic acid (Aza+AA) in delineating CDCs to cardiomyogenesis and the underlying Wnt signaling mechanism in induced differentiation. Methods CDCs were treated with Aza and Aza+AA for a period of 14 days to examine the expression of cardiac specific markers and Wnt downstream regulators by immunofluorescence, real time PCR and western blot. Results Results revealed that Aza+AA induced efficient commitment of CDCs to cardiomyogenic lineage. Immunofluorescence analysis showed significant augment for Nkx 2.5, GATA 4 and α-Sarcomeric actinin markers in Aza+AA group than control group (p = 0.0118, p = 0.009 and p = 0.0091, respectively). Relative upregulation of cardiac markers, Nkx 2.5 (p = 0.0156), GATA 4 (p = 0.0087) and down regulation of Wnt markers, β-catenin (p = 0.0107) and Cyclin D1 (p = 0. 0116) in Aza+AA group was revealed by RNA expression analysis. Moreover, the Aza+AA induced prominent expression of GATA 4, α-Sarcomeric actinin and phospho β-catenin while non phospho β-catenin and Cyclin D1 expression was significantly suppressed as displayed in protein expression analysis. Generation of spontaneous beating in Aza+AA treated CDCs further reinforced that Aza+AA accelerates the cardiomyogenic potential of CDCs. Conclusion Combined treatment of Aza along with AA implicit in inducing cardiomyogenic potential of CDCs and is associated with down regulating Wnt signaling pathway. Altogether, CDCs represent a valuable tool for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavani Koka
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Dhanaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nitin Khatri
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjana Vig
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Greenberg JM, Lumbreras V, Pelaez D, Rajguru SM, Cheung HS. Neural Crest Stem Cells Can Differentiate to a Cardiomyogenic Lineage with an Ability to Contract in Response to Pulsed Infrared Stimulation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 22:982-990. [PMID: 28192031 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular cardiomyoplasty has rapidly risen to prominence in the clinic following a myocardial infarction; however, low engraftment of transplanted cells limits the therapeutic benefit to these procedures. Recently, lineage-specific stem cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes have gained much attention to assist in the repair of an injured heart tissue; however, questions regarding the ideal cell source remain. In the present study, we have identified a source that is easy to extract stem cells from and show that the cells present have a high plasticity toward the cardiomyogenic lineage. We focused on the recently discovered neural crest stem cells residing in the periodontal ligament that can be easily obtained through dental procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neural crest stem cells were obtained from human excised third molars and differentiated in culture using a protocol for directed differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Differentiation of cells was assessed through gene expression and immunostaining studies. Optical stimulation using pulsed infrared radiation (IR) (λ = 1863 nm) was delivered to cell aggregates to study their contractile ability. RESULTS We show that neural crest stem cells can be differentiated to a cardiomyogenic lineage, which was verified through immunostaining and gene expression. We observed a significant increase in cardiomyocyte-specific markers, NK2 homeobox 5 (NKX2.5) and troponin T type 2 (TNNT2), with positive changes in tropomyosin I (TPM1), gap junction protein alpha 1/Cx43 (GJA1/Cx43), and myocyte enhancement factor 2C (MEF2C). Furthermore, we were able to elicit and maintain pulse-by-pulse contractile responses in the derived cells, including in cardiospheres, with pulsed IR delivered at various radiant energies. The contractility in responses to IR could be maintained at different frequencies (0.25-2 Hz) and up to 10-min durations. While these cells did not maintain their contractility following cessation of IR, these cells demonstrated responses to the optical stimuli that are consistent with previous reports. We also found no evidence for irreversible mitochondrial depolarization in these cells following the long duration of infrared stimulation, suggesting the robustness of these cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest the merit of neural crest-derived stem cells for cardiomyogenic applications and a potential cell source for repair that should contribute to efforts to translate cell-based strategies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Greenberg
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Vicente Lumbreras
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- 2 Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida
| | - Suhrud M Rajguru
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida.,3 Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Herman S Cheung
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida.,2 Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida
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48
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Henderson K, Sligar AD, Le VP, Lee J, Baker AB. Biomechanical Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28945009 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an appealing potential therapy for vascular diseases; however, many challenges remain in their clinical translation. While the use of biochemical, pharmacological, and substrate-mediated treatments to condition MSCs has been subjected to intense investigation, there has been far less exploration of using these treatments in combination with applied mechanical force for conditioning MSCs toward vascular phenotypes. This review summarizes the current understanding of the use of applied mechanical forces to differentiate MSCs into vascular cells and enhance their therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease. First recent work on the use of material-based mechanical cues for differentiation of MSCs into vascular and cardiovascular phenotypes is examined. Then a summary of the studies using mechanical stretch or shear stress in combination with biochemical treatments to enhance vascular phenotypes in MSCs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
| | - Andrew D. Sligar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
| | - Victoria P. Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
| | - Jason Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
| | - Aaron B. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
- The Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
- Institute for Biomaterials; Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine; University of Texas at Austin; Austin 78712 TX USA
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Zhang F, Wang C, Lin J, Wang X. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) promotes cardiac differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via activating ERK1/2 signaling. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [PMID: 28880487 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The differentiation efficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is low in vivo after transplantation. Therefore, it is necessary to look for effective reagents for enhancing cardiac differentiation of BM-MSCs. It has been reported that cardiac differentiation of stem cells depends on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a potent reagent for ERK1/2 activation. This indicates that ox-LDL may be a potential reagent to stimulate cardiac differentiation of stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of ox-LDL on cardiac differentiation of BM-MSCs and its relationship with ERK1/2 signaling. METHODS BM-MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow, cultured in DMEM supplemented with 15% FBS, and passaged up to the 3rd passage. Following culture with 5 μg/mL ox-LDL for 3 weeks, the cardiac differentiation of the 3rd passage BM-MSCs was identified by immunostaining, Western blotting, and RT-PCR assays for measuring the expression of cardiac-specific markers. To further explore the role of ERK1/2 signaling in cardiac differentiation of BM-MSCs, we simultaneously exposed BM-MSCs to ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and ox-LDL, and identified the cardiac differentiation again. RESULTS The expressions of cardiac-specific markers including α-cardiac actin, α-MHC, β-MHC, ANP, and BNP were markedly increased in BM-MSCs following treatment with ox-LDL (P < .05), which indicates a directional differentiation of BM-MSCs to cardiac cells. Further, ox-LDL could also activate ERK1/2 in BM-MSCs, and application of U0126 markedly inhibited ox-LDL-induced cardiac transformation of BM-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Ox-LDL induces cardiac differentiation of BM-MSCs via activation of ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenxi Zhang
- Stem Cell and Biotheraphy Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Congrui Wang
- Stem Cell and Biotheraphy Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotheraphy Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Stem Cell and Biotheraphy Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Ling X, Yao D, Kang L, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Dong H, Zhang K, Zhang L, Chen H. Involment of RAS/ERK1/2 signaling and MEF2C in miR-155-3p inhibition-triggered cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cell. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84403-84416. [PMID: 29137434 PMCID: PMC5663606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for cleavage or translational repression. Growing evidence indicates that miR-155 expression changes with the development of heart and plays an important role in heart physiopathology. However, the role of miR-155 in cardiac cells differentiation is unclear. Using the well-established embryonic stem cell (ESC), we demonstrated that miR-155-3p expression was down-regulated during cardiogenesis from mouse ESC. By contrast, the myogenic enhance factor 2C (MEF2C), a predicted target gene of miR-155-3p, was up-regulated. We further demonstrated that miR-155-3p inhibition increased the percentage of embryoid bodies (EB) beating and up-regulated the expression of cardiac specific markers, GATA4, Nkx2.5, and cTnT mRNA and protein. Notably, miR-155-3p inhibition caused upregulation of MEF2C, KRAS and ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059 significantly decreased the expression of MEF2C protein. These findings indicate that miR-155-3p inhibition promotes cardiogenesis, and its mechanisms are involved in the RAS-ERK1/2 signaling and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Dongbo Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lumei Kang
- Department of Animal Science, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Keping Zhang
- Department of Experimental Teaching, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogen's and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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